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2024: Roadmap for the development of technologies in the field of power approved in Russia

On February 28, 2024, the Russian government approved Decree No. 458-r, providing for the implementation of new initiatives to improve legislation and eliminate administrative barriers within the framework of the National Technology Initiative "Energy." We are talking about the development of technologies in the field of power. Read more here.

2023

Domestic energy consumption is growing in Russia

At the end of June 2024, it became known that there was a significant increase in domestic energy consumption in Russia. Household demand for electricity has been increasing faster than business in recent years, according to a study by the HSE Center for Research in Electricity.

As Kommersant writes in its issue of June 25, 2024, over the past ten years, electricity consumption by the population has grown by an average of 2.9% per year, while in the commercial sector this figure was only 0.9% annually. The surge in consumption in the household sector began in 2020 amid a pandemic, when many people switched to remote work.

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In 2020, household electricity consumption increased by 1.6%, in 2021 the growth was 7.6%, in 2022 - 3%, and in 2023 - 1.7%. The largest growth in 2023 was recorded in Tuva, Krasnodar Territory, Khakassia and Ingushetia.

Analysts at the HSE Center for Research in the Electric Power Industry also note that the increase in household energy consumption in many regions is explained by the development of domestic tourism and gray mining. cryptocurrencies The Association of Guaranteeing Suppliers and Energy Sales Companies confirms these findings, pointing to increased demand due to the pandemic and the ongoing transition to remote work.

Business electricity demand growth rates remain significantly lower. Over the decade, consumption in the commercial sector grew by an average of 0.9% per year. In 2020, the indicator decreased by 2.3%, in 2021 it increased by 4.3%, in 2022 it increased by 1.4%, and in 2023 - by 1.9%.

The share of household electricity consumption is about 15.7% of the total useful vacation in the country, which is equivalent to about 184 billion kVt·ch at the end of 2023. Alexey Faddeev from the Institute of Problems of Natural Monopolies notes that the average per capita electricity consumption in Russia is about 1.2 thousand kVt·ch per year, which is much lower than in economically developed countries.^[1]

Named the largest electric power facilities that began to be built in Russia during the year

The construction of two new power units of the Leningrad NPP (LNPP) with VVER-1200 reactors is one of the largest electric power facilities that began to be implemented in Russia in 2023. This is stated in the report of the information and analytical agency INFOLine, which was published on March 1, 2024.

The cost of the new LNPP project is estimated at 398.2 billion rubles. Commissioning of power unit No. 3 is scheduled for 2030, while power unit No. 4 will start working in 2032. Another major project is the creation of the Novolenskaya TPP in the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia with an installed capacity of 550 MW. This station is designed to power the Eastern landfill. Investments in construction will amount to 257 billion rubles, and commissioning is scheduled for July 2028.

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In addition, in 2023, a project began to build floating power units (MPEB) near Cape Nagleynin of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug with a reactor plant RITM-200 to supply power to the Baimsky copper deposit. The volume of investments will be about 150 billion rubles. The complex should be commissioned in 2031.

In 2023, the construction of the Artyomovskaya TETs-2 with a design capacity of 440 MW began in Primorye. The estimated cost is 91.2 billion rubles, and the commissioning of the power units is scheduled for 2026. In addition, in 2023, the construction of a 330 MW Chulman steam-gas TPP in the Republic of Sakha began. The volume of investments is estimated at 48.5 billion rubles, and the completion of the project is scheduled for autumn 2027.

Of the 100 largest projects for the construction of electric power facilities, the implementation of which was launched in 2023, 16 each falls on the Northwestern Federal District and the Central Federal District, 19 - to the Far Eastern Federal District, 14 - to the Siberian Federal District, 11 each - to the Volga Federal District and the Ural Federal District, 8 - to the Southern Federal District and 5 - to the North Caucasus Federal District.^[2]

Growth in electricity consumption by 1.4% to 1.12 trillion kWh

According to the results of 2023, electricity consumption in Russia increased by 1.4% compared to 2022 and reached 1.12 trillion kWh. Such data on the operation of the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia "System Operator" (SO, power system dispatcher) was published in January 2024.

As Kommersant writes with reference to the CO report, consumption has increased in all combined energy systems (OES). At the same time, statistics do not take into account the consumption of electricity in the DPR, LPR, Kherson and Zaporizhzhya regions.

Electricity consumption up 1.4%

The publication notes that the new territories could have an impact on the growth of electricity production. According to the materials of the CO, the increase in production accelerated: at the end of 2022, the indicator increased by 0.6% year-on-year, and in 2023 - by 1.1%, to 1.134 trillion kWh. The growth of actual electricity consumption, taking into account the temperature factor in 2023, is estimated at 1.7%.

Earlier, the press service of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation reported that on December 8, 2023, a new historical record in the field of energy consumption was registered in Russia - 168,765 MW. According to the ministry, this is 2821 MW higher than the past record value recorded on January 10, 2023.

Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak at the end of December 2023 said that electricity consumption in Russia in 2023 increased by 4%, and this, according to the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, among other things, speaks of economic growth.

According to the System Operator report, the total input of new generating equipment in 2023 amounted to 733.77 MW, and decommissioning - 422.8 MW. Thus, the increase in the installed capacity of power plants in Russia in 2023 reached 563.11 MW due to the commissioning and decommissioning, re-labeling of equipment and accounting for the generating capacity of retail consumers.^[3]

2022

Growth in electricity production by 0.6% to 1,167 billion kVt·ch

Electricity generation Russia in 2022 increased by 0.6% compared to 2021 and reached 1167 billion kVt·ch, calculated in. Rosstat

According to the ministry, thermal power plants remain the main supplier of electricity for the country's unified energy system, producing about 69% of all electricity generation in the country in 2022. During this 12-month period, thermal power plants throughout Russia produced 737 billion kVt·ch of electricity, which is 3.1% more on an annualized basis.

Electricity generation in Russia reached 1,167 billion kVt·ch

In 2022, power generation at nuclear power plants amounted to 224 billion kVt·ch, which is 0.5% more than a year ago. Hydroelectric power plants produced 200 billion kVt·ch of electricity in 2022, which is 7.7% less compared to 2021.

The generation of electricity from renewable energy sources in 2022 reached 7 billion kVt·ch, rising by 18.2% compared to 2022, according to Rosstat data.

According to the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, electricity consumption in Russia in 2021 increased by 5.4% - to 1.107 trillion kWh, generation - by more than 6%, to 1.131 trillion kWh. At the end of 2022, the department also predicted an increase in consumption at the end of the year by 1.5-2%. At the same time, in December 2022, as indicated in the materials of Rosstat, the total electricity generation in Russia decreased by 0.7%. Thus, production at TPP increased by 16.4%, and at nuclear power plants and hydroelectric power plants decreased by 8.9% and 11.9%, respectively.

Energy companies (both generating and grid) may face a deterioration in financial performance, admits independent analyst Yuri Melnikov. In his opinion, this will primarily happen due to outstripping cost growth (operating costs are growing, investment projects are becoming more expensive due to rising prices for equipment, components and work), and not due to a drop in revenue growth rates.^[4]

Business in Russia subsidized electricity for citizens by a record 249.8 billion rubles

By the end of 2022, business in Russia subsidized electricity for citizens by a record 249.8 billion rubles against 240.3 billion rubles a year earlier. Such data in March 2023 were cited at the Institute of Economics and Regulation of Infrastructure Industries of the Higher School of Economics, citing open sources.

The volume of cross-subsidization in the power grid complex (the payment that the business makes to reduce energy tariffs for citizens) increased in most Russian regions, which led to the indexation of electricity transmission tariffs for companies above the maximum values ​ ​ of 9% in 20 constituent entities of Russia. According to Kommersant, the maximum specific value of cross-subsidies was noted in Mari El (1.47 rubles per 1 kWh), Dagestan (1.46 rubles) and Chechnya (1.41 rubles).

Electricity rates for the public have been held back below economically sound levels since the 1990s, with the government looking more than once to address this imbalance. Nevertheless, in 2022, regulators were allowed to increase the volume of cross-subsidies over the maximum level of 241 billion rubles. The main reason is the growth of the planned revenue of large network companies in 2022 by 128.8 billion rubles (plus 18%), to 846.1 billion rubles. A third of the increase, or about 40 billion rubles, is the volume of estimated entrepreneurial profit (RPP).

Alexey Faddeev from the Institute of Problems of Natural Monopolies believes that there are no objective prerequisites for reducing subsidies.

Tariffs for the population will be restrained, and there are no other ways to cover rising costs, except to shift them to tariffs for commercial consumers, he said.

Sergey Rozhenko from Kept estimated the real cost of supporting the population at more than 450 billion rubles a year, taking into account the discount on the price of electricity for the population in the wholesale energy market.^[5]

The Ministry of Energy named the share of mining in energy consumption in Russia for 2022

Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation estimated at 0.6-0.8% the share of cryptocurrency mining in electricity consumption in the country at the end of 2022. As the deputy head of the department noted, they Pavel Snikkars Russia began to mine less. cryptocurrency More. here

Electricity consumption in Russia increased by 1.36% to 1.06 trillion kWh

In January 2023, OJSC System Operator of the Unified Energy System (OJSC SO UES) published data on the production and consumption of electricity. According to Kommersant, citing the organization's estimates, the total electricity consumption in the UES of Russia in 2022 increased by 1.36% compared to 2021 and amounted to 1.06 trillion kWh.

In the Far East, demand increased by 3.86%, to 45.5 billion kWh. System Operator hopes that demand will continue to grow: in 2023, in the UES of Russia, the indicator may increase by 1.48%, to 1.08 trillion kWh, and in the Far East - by 4.6%, to 46.57 billion kWh.

The volume of electricity production in the European part of the Russian Federation and in the Urals in 2022 remained at the level of 2021

According to the calculations of the UES SO, the total electricity generation in the first price zone of the energy market (the European part of the Russian Federation and the Urals, approximately 80% of the country's generation) in 2022 remained practically unchanged, having decreased by only 0.2%, to about 850 billion kWh. Production was reduced only by thermal power plants.

Electricity production in the European part of the Russian Federation and in the Urals has grown at a faster pace since the beginning of 2022, including due to an increase in exports to EU countries amid high prices on the European energy exchange. Production began to fall sharply from June 2022 after stopping supplies to, Finland,, and Lithuania. Latvia Estonia In December 2022, production in the European part of the Russian Federation and in the Urals fell approximately due to the temperature factor, the newspaper writes.

In the second price zone (Siberia), electricity production, on the contrary, increased steadily. At the end of 2022, the indicator grew by more than 1%, exceeding 219 billion kWh. At the same time, the load of hydroelectric power plants in Siberia decreased (by more than 10% year-on-year) due to record low water content, but TPP production increased by almost a third year-on-year. General companies increased production as^[6] increased in the region^[7]

Russian power engineers postpone projects to modernize TPPs by 76 billion rubles

As it became known on December 8, 2022, Russian energy companies postpone the implementation of 26 projects of the program for the modernization of thermal power plants (TPPs) with a total value of 76.3 billion rubles: most companies asked for a delay of a year, and Inter RAO and TGK-2 - for about a year and a half.

According to "," Kommersant after the start of a military special operation RUSSIAN FEDERATION on the To Ukraine Russian government, as part of support measures, gave power engineers the right to shift the launches of modernization projects for old thermal power plants without explaining the reasons. This opportunity remains until the end of 2022. The company can move the launch by a maximum of 12 months, but the government has the right to increase the delay.

Russian power engineers postpone projects to modernize TPPs

The Market Council (regulator of energy markets) clarified that 26 facilities make up about 20% of all selected CHPP modernization projects, and Inter RAO and TGK-2 provided the commission with supporting documents.

According to the newspaper's sources, the TGK-2 did not provide evidence of problems with the supply of equipment, but pointed to a rise in their price by almost half, which will cause difficulties with the payback of the facilities.

Power Machines explained to the publication that the delay in production is associated "with a high load of Russian suppliers of cast and forged blanks of cylinders and turbine rotors." Suppliers are shifting deliveries of long-cycle blanks to a later date, which leads to a delay in the production of generating equipment, the company says.

"Despite the difficulties associated with the development of a new nomenclature by suppliers, we consider it important to support the development of our domestic enterprises in this way," they explained.

On December 7, 2022, the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation at a meeting of the government commission on the development of the electric power industry proposed to speed up the commissioning of a number of generating facilities for thermal power plants in the Far East to be modernized or built, and discuss specific commissioning dates in January 2023.^[8]

Thermal power plants are the main source of energy in Russia

2021: Natural gas is the main source of energy in the country

2020

Electricity prices for industrial enterprises are growing rapidly

Electricity prices for industrial enterprises for the Russia second year in a row are higher than USA in a number of countries. European Union

At the end of 2020, the average price of consumers connected at a high voltage level to regional distribution networks was 7.34 cents per kilowatt-hour. This is 0.68 cents above the price at which industrial consumers in the United States supplied their production (6.66 cents).

For the first time, Russian prices overtook American prices in 2019, and since then the gap has been increasing: two years ago it was 5%, and in 2020 it reached 10%.

In 2020, the average price of electricity for industry in Russia for the first time exceeded the level of Spain and Finland (7.21 cents and 7.19 centers per kilowatt-hour, respectively) and came close to the marks of Italy and Sweden (7.87 and 7.93 cents, respectively). Prices in France, which is supplied mainly by nuclear power plants, Russia was ahead of 2019. At the end of last year, the gap reached 5.7%.

A smaller part of the Russian industry - about 30% - is connected to the main power grids and is supplied with 4.52 cents per kilowatt-hour. However, even this is above the level of oil-rich Norway, where the "price tag" for industry is 3.35 cents and has been halved over the past three years. Until 2017, the price of electricity for industry in Russia was less than 5 cents SShA/kVt·ch and was one of the lowest in comparison with prices for industrial consumers in European countries and the United States. But with the beginning of large-scale surcharges for the construction of new power plants and the accompanying growth of other non-market payments, including cross-subsidies in the wholesale market and in the tariffs of the electric grid complex, the price of electricity in Russia is growing, ahead of inflation, and sometimes in multiples. This process will continue in the coming years. According to the official forecast, in the European part of Russia and in the Urals, prices will grow by 6% for two years in a row. In Siberia this year, a jump of 15% is expected, and next year - by 7%.

Reduction of energy consumption by 2.3%, to 1.05 trillion kWh - Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation

Energy consumption in Russia over the year decreased by 2.3% and amounted to 1.05 trillion kWh, according to data from the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation.

According to TASS, the Russian Information Agency, citing statistics disclosed by the department, electricity generation in Russia decreased by 3% by the end of 2020, to 1.064 trillion kWh. At the same time, by the end of the year, both indicators began to increase after a significant decline in the first and second quarters.

Thus, in December 2020, energy consumption in Russia increased by 2.2% compared to the same period in 2019, to 104.9 billion kWh, and electricity production increased by 2% compared to December 2019 and reached 106.6 billion kWh.

The actual annual data were higher than the latest forecasts of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation. In mid-December, the department expected a 2.7% reduction in consumption in 2020. And even earlier, a 2.3% reduction was predicted.

The self-isolation regime introduced against the backdrop of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in the first half of 2020 led to a decrease in energy consumption in Russia. To a greater extent, this is due to a reduction in enterprises, in particular, Russian Railways - the load there has decreased, said Energy Minister Alexander Novak.

The fall in demand for electricity will proportionally reduce the revenue of energy companies, primarily power grid and energy sales, said Yuri Melnikov, an analyst at the Center for power at the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo:

Generating companies will suffer less - most of their revenue is generated by payments under PDM contracts that are independent of demand. But without exception, everyone risks facing an increase in non-payments amid a sharp drop in the income of electricity consumers.

In 2020, there was the strongest decline in consumption over the past ten years, Vladimir Sklyar from VTB Capital told Kommersant. During this period, a drop in demand was observed only twice - in 2013 and 2015. According to the analyst, the record reduction is primarily associated with a decrease in oil production and transport due to the OPEC + deal and warmer weather, and not with the consequences of the pandemic^[9][10]%

2019

Energy consumption in Russia in 2019 amounted to 1075.2 billion kWh, an increase of 13% over 10 years, by 2040 it will grow by another 20%. At the same time, according to forecasts, the indicator of our country will be the lowest in the global ranking. Resource consumption in India will increase by 165%, in Brazil - by 60%, in China - by 40%. This is due to the fact that the volume of electricity consumption depends on the country's economy, the income of its population, and the gross domestic product. The relationship is simple: improving the well-being of the country and citizens causes the need to increase the production of goods, which increases the need for electricity^[11].

The financial situation of the country, expressed in the volume of gross domestic product or in the average income per capita, is in direct proportion to the level of energy consumption: the higher the wealth of citizens, the higher the indicator of resource consumption.

For example, in the era of industrialization from the beginning of the twentieth century to the 1970s, the rate of global energy consumption increased by 5% per year, exceeding 2.5 times the level of population growth on the planet.

Also, the high energy consumption of that time is explained by low oil prices, the sharp jump of which led to a decrease in the need for the resource in the USA, Japan and European countries. At the same time, the importing states of "black gold" first thought about reducing oil dependence.

The main areas of implementation of this goal were energy saving, the use of own resources, the development of nuclear energy, the replacement of oil with natural gas. As a result, the restructuring of the economies of the great powers of the world ended with a reduction in energy-intensive industrial production and an increase in the share of the service sector, which was the beginning of the era of energy conservation.

Today, it is the high level of energy saving and a change in the structure of energy consumption that are considered a sign of developed countries. Most of them, such as Germany, Great Britain, Scandinavian countries, implement solutions to reduce fuel consumption and reduce carbon dioxide emissions: energy control, smart buildings and environmentally friendly transport, which will eventually become the main tools for energy efficiency and reduce SO2 emissions.

The leaders in industrial production - the United States, China, South Korea and Japan - are working to improve the energy efficiency of cars and household appliances, controlling their minimum energy performance and introducing appropriate standards for more and more vehicles and equipment.

The development of renewable sources of electricity generation and highly efficient resource accumulation systems are also current trends in modern power. By 2030, the share of solar generation in Europe is expected to increase by 3 times - to 185 GW, wind - by 2.5 times, to 255 GW, and in China a decrease in dependence on coal to 50% of the existing level.

In Russia, by 2040, a change in the structure of the energy balance is expected: the share of oil will be 17%, and the share of nuclear power and renewable sources, in particular bio- and hydropower, will increase from 6% to 11% and from 2% to 6%, respectively.

2017

Electricity consumption in the unified energy system (UES) of Russia will grow in 2018, according to the forecast of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, by 1.2% compared to last year: "Electricity consumption is expected at 1.052 trillion kVtt⋅ch," said Energy Minister Alexander Novak. In 2016, consumption in the UES of Russia amounted to 1.04 trillion kVt⋅ch. According to the minister, in March 2018, electricity consumption increased by 5.9%, which is due to cold weather. Total electricity consumption over the past six years has shown an increase. The increase was 3.8% - up to 1.059 billion KWh. During this period, the accident rate decreased both in generation and in the power grid complex^[12].

"A program to attract investments in the industry was implemented - as a result of which more than 2 trillion rubles were invested. This made it possible to update production capacities by 15% and reduce specific fuel costs for electricity supply by 6%, "the minister explained.

He also added that the last six years of power have shown that there is an opportunity to successfully solve the most difficult problems in the shortest possible time. For example, Crimea, Kaliningrad, DV, Olympics 2014, football ChM-2018 Boguchanskaya HPP.

In 2017, power generating capacities totaling 3.905 thousand were put into operation. MW.

The Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation estimated at 1.350 trillion rubles the amount of investments required to modernize 40 GW of thermal capacity under the new program of the PDM type (a capacity supply agreement implying a return on investment with a guaranteed yield). "According to calculations, approximately 3.5 trillion rubles in the period from 2021 to 2035 [the volume of the entire energy modernization program]. About 1 trillion 350 billion rubles are required to modernize 40 GW of thermal capacity for almost 10 years, "said Mr. Novak, noting that this amount includes the modernization of power in the Far East.

Another 950 billion rubles in this program is provided for the modernization of nuclear power projects in the next 10 years, 405 billion rubles - generation based on renewable energy sources (RES), 786 billion rubles - an increase in the price of COM (competitive capacity selection).

Commissioning of power generating facilities in Russia will be in 2018, according to the plans of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, 4 thousand. MW, Mr. Novak reported. He noted that these will mainly be nuclear power units.

See also

• Russian economy
• Power in Russia
• Solar Power (Global Market)
• Wind Power and Wind Power Plants (Russia and the World)
• Nuclear Power. Facts and Myths
• Smart Grid
• Electric generators (Russian market)

• Russian power Automation Market
• Digital Substation Cyber Polygon (DIN)
• Current Technologies for the Electric Power Market
• Digital Substation Cyber Polygon (DIN)

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