Transport in Russia

Ground transport

Road construction

Main article: Rosavtodor

Intelligent Transport Infrastructure (ITS) in Russia

Main article: Intelligent Transport Infrastructure (ITS) Russia

Automotive market of Russia

Main article: Automotive market of Russia

Hydrogen transport in Russia

Main article: Hydrogen transport in Russia

Self-driving cars in Russia

Main article: Self-driving cars in Russia

Road freight transportation (Russian market)

Main article: Truck transportation (Russian market)

Railways

• HSR Moscow - Petersburg
• North Siberian Railway

Surface Metro

Water transport

Main article: Water transport in Russia

Air transport

• Passenger air travel
• Air cargo (Russian market)

Transport in Moscow

Main article: Transport in Moscow

Effective transport system (national project)

Main article: Effective transport system (national project)

Chronicle

2023: Mishustin allocated 44 billion rubles for the purchase of domestic buses

At the end of January 2023, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed an order, which allocated 44 billion rubles to update the public transport fleet in the regions. We are talking about an investment project for preferential leasing of domestic buses, included in the list of self-sustaining projects that receive funding from the National Welfare Fund (NWF) on a return basis.

According to the press service of the Cabinet, the allocated funds are designed for the period 2023-2024, during which the State Transport Leasing Company (GTLK) will purchase 4130 buses of various modifications. It is assumed that 2023 buses will be purchased in 1990, and 2140 in 2024. The cars will be leased to regional transport companies for a period of seven years at 6.8% per annum. The share of the NWF funds in the total financing of this project will be 60%.

Mikhail Mishustin signed an order, which allocated 44 billion rubles for the renewal of the public transport fleet in the regions

The decision will speed up the implementation of import substitution programs, improve transport services for the population, as well as achieve an increase in passenger traffic. In addition, the load of automobile plants producing medium, large and especially large class buses will be increased, the Government of the Russian Federation noted.

According to the National Union of Liability Insurers, by the beginning of 2023, 183.9 thousand buses operate on city and suburban routes, of which 31% are older than the regulatory service life (10 years) and require updating.

GTLK is also the executor of the program for updating urban transport within the framework of the road national project. The program is implemented using the GTLK leasing mechanism and state support in the form of subsidies from the Ministry of Transport. In total, since 2020, GTLK has acquired for 26 regions about 1.5 thousand units of equipment under the national project in the amount of 27 billion rubles.

At the same time, the needs of the regions in updating passenger equipment significantly exceeded the current volumes and resources of the program, which led to the development of a specialized project with the involvement of funds from the NWF, explained in the GTLK.^[1]

2022

Proposal to Azerbaijan and Iran to create a North-South transport corridor

In October 2022, Russia proposed to Azerbaijan and Iran to create a single logistics operator on the North-South international transport corridor according to the model of the existing OTLK ERA, which is owned on a parity basis by the railways of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus.

However, unlike the OTLK ERA route, the railway in the new direction is not developed enough, it is not even continuous. The development of routes is much more active in the message Russia - Azerbaijan than through the border of Azerbaijan with Iran, where the cargo flow does not exceed 500 thousand tons.

Russia and Iran are preparing a new transcontinental trade route that will stretch from the eastern outskirts of Europe to the Indian Ocean, a 3,000-kilometer passage inaccessible to any foreign interference.

According to Bloomberg, as of December 2022, the two countries spend billions of dollars to speed up the delivery of goods along rivers and railways associated with the Caspian Sea. Vessel tracking data compiled by Bloomberg shows that dozens of Russian and Iranian vessels are already cruising this route, including those sanctioned.

The created trade corridor will allow Russia and Iran to reduce thousands of kilometers from existing routes.

The first railway bridge between Russia and China was built

At the end of April 2022, the first railway bridge was erected between Russia and China. Its launch will allow 700 km to reduce the distance for goods traveling from the territory of the Russian Federation to the north-east of the PRC.

According to TASS, the construction of the Russian part of the first railway bridge across the Amur between Russia and China was completed near the village of Nizhneleninskoye, Jewish Autonomous Region. Deputy Prime Minister - Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District Yuri Trutnev took part in the construction completion ceremony. He thanked the builders for their work and handed them state awards. Trutnev added that Russia is ready to start moving on the bridge and is now waiting for the Chinese partners to announce the opening of their part of the move. According to him, the bridge should open and start working within a month, that is, in May 2022.

At the end of April 2022, the first railway bridge was erected between Russia and China. Its launch will allow 700 km to reduce the distance for goods traveling from the territory of the Russian Federation to the north-east of the PRC.

The first railway crossing between our friendly countries will become a key link in the new export route, an incentive for the creation of new industries and logistics hubs in the Far East, and will improve the transport accessibility of several regions of the Far East at once, said Yuri Trutnev.

Press Secretary of the President of Russia Dmitry Peskov called the construction of the bridge an important event that will contribute to the development of the region's infrastructure. He added that President Vladimir Putin will visit the facility in the future.

China finished its portion of the bridge in northeastern Heilongjiang Tongjiang province in October 2018. The entire building consists of 20 spans with a total length of 2.2 thousand meters, a great honor is located in China. According to the treaty concluded in 2013, Russia was supposed to build three spans, and China - the remaining 17. Construction work began in 2014.

Initially, the launch of traffic on the bridge was planned in August 2021, but due to the untimely reconstruction of the infrastructure of the Leninsk and Leninsk-2 stations, it was repeatedly postponed.^[2]

Transport companies turned to the state for support due to sanctions

The situation in the freight market is becoming tense due to the changed economic conditions. The cost of transportation has already increased by 10-12%, and the cost of servicing freight vehicles - by 60%. This became known on March 31, 2022 from a letter sent to the Presidential Commissioner for the Protection of the Rights of Entrepreneurs Boris Titov from the community of top managers of logistics companies. Among the signatories of the document are PEK, GLT, Altica M, SPAK, as well as Dentro.

Companies are asked to provide subsidized loans to replenish working capital, pay lease payments and cover cash gaps for a period of 1 year with a zero interest rate. Members of the industry community focus on the commissioner that these measures will save at least 90% of jobs, as well as free up money for repair and maintenance of the fleet.

Transport and logistics companies propose to equate the amount of subsidies with the amount of interest rate increases. According to Igor Ilkaev, CEO of Dentro, the benefit will reduce the financial burden on carriers, because 60% of the equipment is leased.

Minimizing costs, companies believe, will also help fix by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation the maximum size of the exchange difference between the rate of purchase and sale of foreign currency. Each bank sets this difference independently, and the spread can reach 20%, which places an additional financial burden on foreign economic activity participants and organizations that pay for products and services of foreign partners in foreign currency. This opinion was expressed by Alexander Kibalnikov, General Director of SPAK.

This will reduce the financial burden when buying equipment, taking into account the fact that foreign trucks have already increased in price by 2 times, and the cost of domestic trucks has increased by 60%, "said Vadim Filatov, Deputy Director of PEC.

Among other things, the companies asked the state to limit the operation of the automated weight and dimensional control system for a period of 1 year. The work of the ASVGK is not seen by business representatives as sufficiently correct: there is no consideration of the possibility of shifting the cargo during movement, the places of installation of the AVGK points are not regulated. As a result, carriers often receive unreasonable fines, which they are forced to challenge in court, explained in PEC and Dentro.

Transport companies are in favor of expanding the range of goods that are not subject to seasonal restrictions on axial load when driving on regional and local roads. For March 2022, these are categories such as food, medical and sanitary products. It is proposed to supplement the list with consumer goods. According to Vadim Filatov, the decision is relevant, since some of the product categories are temporarily absent from the Russian market, and in order to prevent product shortages, uninterrupted delivery throughout the Russian Federation is important.

Over the past month, the costs of transport companies for auto parts and components have increased - by 87%. In total, by the end of the year, the increase in equipment maintenance costs will reach 90%, experts predict. This will happen, among other things, in connection with the suspension of service contracts with authorized centers of foreign manufacturers Volvo Scania,,,,. Mercedes-Benz Iveco MAN

Previously, carriers paid for maintenance and repairs at authorized centers once every few months. Now, if a vehicle (vehicle) breaks down during the journey, the service center asks for full payment for repair services in advance. The current situation leads to cash gaps, due to the increase in the repair time, the delivery time may also increase.

At the end of 2022, transport and logistics companies predict an increase in the cost of transportation by 32%.

The signatories of the appeal to the Presidential Commissioner RUSSIAN FEDERATION for the Protection of the Rights of Entrepreneurs emphasize that "transport is a system-forming industry, the Russian economy task of which is to ensure uninterrupted transport links, including the delivery of food, essential goods,. medical supplies and equipment The companies believe that support measures sanctions in conditions of pressure can prevent a sharp increase in the cost of products for end consumers^[3]

Preparing a bill to support the transport industry

The Government of the Russian Federation introduced to the State Duma the second package of bills to support citizens and business The measures relate to the support of the construction and transport industries, hotel business and tourism, IT companies, simplify the import of medicines into Russia, and also introduce a number of measures to protect the savings of citizens. The State Duma announced this on its website on March 10, 2022.

For March 2022, the bill has a rule on adjusting the increased transport tax for expensive ones. cars Now it will be charged to cars worth from 10 million, and rubles not from 3 million rubles, as it was before.

Another bill establishes norms that allow you to register the rights to foreign aircraft leased from Russian companies and issue them Russian airworthiness certificates. This measure will help Russian airlines maintain a fleet of foreign aircraft and make it possible to operate them on domestic lines. This is aimed at ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the transport industry.

The Government will also have the right to restrict the entry of foreign sea vessels from the list of unfriendly countries into Russian ports and inland waterways. In addition, the draft law provides for a delay in certification of technical means of ensuring transport security, which will allow companies to redistribute funds in the current conditions. Read more here.

Launch of an electric transport modernization program for 400 billion rubles

In mid-February 2022, it became known about the launch of a federal program for updating urban electric transport. The estimated amount of funding is estimated at 400 billion rubles.

As Kommersant was told in the office of Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Grigorenko, Nizhny Novgorod and Kursk submitted the first applications for the modernization of urban electric transport - they indicate budgets of 42.5 billion and 12.4 billion rubles, respectively. The following cities also participate in the program: Vladivostok, Irkutsk, Yaroslavl, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Tver, Perm, Saratov, Ufa, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Rostov-on-Don.

Federal program for modernization of electric transport for 400 billion rubles launched in Russia

As explained to the publication in "ВЭБ.РФ," projects will be implemented within the framework of concessions - regional or municipal, projects will be selected by the Ministry of Transport. To subsidize the rate on loans "ВЭБ.РФ," the newspaper was told in the office of the Deputy Prime Minister, in 2022-2024 it is planned to allocate 2.8 billion rubles. ВЭБ.РФ estimates possible investments in such projects at about 237 billion rubles.

According to the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, by February 2022, the actual wear of rolling stock of electric vehicles is about 70-80%. This is due to the prolonged lack of investment.

According to Alexei Safronov, deputy head of the Economics of Infrastructure Industries direction of the CSR, electric transport is the most capital-intensive, "even the federal budget does not have as many funds as are required to quickly bring public transport to a civilized state," which is the reason for attracting private investment. Previously, according to his estimates, after its modernization, mortality from road accidents in participating cities will be reduced by 15%, emissions from transport - by 25%, and additional budget revenues will amount to about 10 billion rubles a year.^[4]

2021

Digital projects that were included in the strategy of the transport industry of Russia

The strategy for the development of the transport industry in Russia, approved by the government at the end of November 2021, contains several digital projects and related plans.

Among other things, the document talks about the introduction of various digital services on the public transport - from cashless payment biometric using technologies to the introduction of the Mobility as a Servic (Mobility as a Servic,) model. MaaS

Named digital projects that were included in the strategy of the transport industry of Russia

The strategy defines the following directions for the development of the digital component of the transport industry:

• increasing the level of technological development of the transport complex, including the level of digitalization of passenger and freight transportation, in order to reduce costs, increase reliability, safety of infrastructure and vehicles, as well as environmental friendliness of the transport complex;
• development of digital solutions for interaction with customers and their information support;
• increasing digital penetration across the entire transport infrastructure and vehicle lifecycle for all modes of transport;
• high level of digitalization when managing a transport complex.

According to the authors of the initiative, the implementation of these IT projects in the field of transport is a way to ensure the following results:

• labor productivity growth by at least twice by 2035, primarily due to autonomous driving technologies, automation of control processes based on predictive analytics built on the use of artificial intelligence;
• increasing the speed of multimodal transportation by four times, including in terms of transit and domestic cargo and passenger transportation, due to the digitalization of planning and management of cargo and passenger flows and related document flow;
• reducing the waiting time and passing customs procedures by 10 times due to the digitalization of cross-border information exchange;
• reduced waiting time and passing control procedures on all types of transport by five times due to the introduction of digital ticket systems.

Among the technological trends of digitalization in the transport industry, systems for processing large amounts of data and artificial intelligence are highlighted.^[5]

Mishustin approved a transport strategy for ₽60 trillion until 2030

At the end of November 2021, the Government of the Russian Federation approved a transport strategy until 2030 with a forecast until 2035. The document assumes investments exceeding 60 trillion rubles. Most of these funds will go to railways and highways until 2024.

We have laid down appropriate guidelines in the strategy for a ten-year period so that the door-to-door road between any two major cities does not exceed 12 hours. This will also support domestic tourism, - said Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin at a meeting of the Cabinet.

Mikhail Mishustin approved a transport strategy for ₽60 trillion until 2030

According to him, this strategy fully takes into account all the tasks set by Russian President Vladimir Putin to accelerate the country's socio-economic development and achieve national goals. Mishustin also listed the main goals of the new initiative:

• increasing population mobility;
• development of domestic tourism;
• increasing the volume and speed of cargo transportation;
• transit of goods;
• ensuring transport accessibility of territories;
• accelerated technology adoption;
• low-carbon transformation of the industry.

In terms of passenger traffic, it is assumed that by 2035 the transport accessibility of the main infrastructure on the public transport as part of a single transport space will not exceed two hours. The share of public transport trips in the largest agglomerations will increase by 15% compared to 2019. The active introduction of digital services will increase the share of passengers using biometric identification on suburban, intercity and international transportation by 2035 to 80%.

According to the head of the Cabinet, within the framework of the project, high-speed highways for road and railway transport will be built in Russia, a serious modernization of the airfield infrastructure will be carried out, and internal waterways will be used more actively.^[6]

Notes