U.S. Foreign Policy

Main article: United States

US State Department

The country's international policy is carried out through

• U.S. State Department

United States Congress

Main article: US Congress

Wars

2023: Top 5 countries by military and economic aid from the US in 23 years

Data for 2023 incomplete

2022: Fomenting conflict in Ukraine

Average annual U.S. military spending for wars from 1950 to 2023

2020: US military aid to other countries in the world

Data for 2020

2003: Attack on Iraq and hanging of President Saddam Hussein

On March 20, 2003, US troops, with the support of Britain and several other countries, attacked Iraq. On April 9, Baghdad fell, and President Saddam Hussein was overthrown. The Iraqi president was subsequently executed by hanging.

On December 13, 2003, the ousted Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was arrested, hiding in the basement of a village house near the village of Ad-Daur.

The pretext for the invasion was the statements of the Americans about the presence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, which were subsequently never found.

The country plunged into chaos and a series of feuds for a long time, turning into a bleeding ulcer on the body of the Middle East. After 10 years in 2013, it was from Iraq that the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant began.

Sanctions

Export control by May 2023 has become a favorite US tool in the fight against Russia and China. Enforcement actions are increasing, along with a register of companies that American firms require licenses to work with.

USAID

• United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

GSMSG

• GSMSG (The Global Surgical Medical and Support Group)

NATO

Globally, the US is trying to push its policies through

• North Atlantic Military Alliance. NATO

Nuclear Power Industry

• Nuclear cooperation between the United States and other countries is based on the so-called "Agreement 123." The main tool in nuclear international projects is Westinghouse Electric.

Institutes and NGOs

• USIP - American Peace Institute - recommendations to strengthen US interests in various regions of the planet
• IRI - Polling, Consulting Country Politicians and Lobbying for Legislative Changes

• Samaritan's Purse (Samaritan's Bag)
• SOA (Save Our Allies Foundation)

Allies

2023: From "control the world" policies to deliberate fragmentation of the world and allied control

The long-term trend of declining dollars in international reserves for 2023 is undeniable, exactly, as is the decline in dollars in international trade settlements.

Due to the development of alternative trade unions and clusters of the global economy, the importance of alternative currencies, primarily the yuan, will grow. It is necessary to understand and recognize the existing trends as irreversible, and the decline in the US share as inevitable.

This is not a guarantee of weakening the United States or even a decrease in dollar turnover in absolute values, Spydell Finance wrote. In relative terms, yes, but the influence of the United States can and will remain significant within the formed clusters.

The share of key US allies in the structure of foreign treasure holders has grown from 52 to 66% over the past 10 years, with all major growth occurring between March 2018 and June 2022, when it rose from 55 to 66%.

There is a high-intensity and quite successful replacement of, China,, Russia Turkey OPEC countries (a decrease in the share from 3.8 to 2.7% in 5 years due to a loss of interest Saudi Arabia in Treaseris). The share decreases Brazil from 5.6 to 3.3%.

The geopolitical bitterness of the United States, which has reached a new round since 2018, is rather a meaningful strategy, where in the American establishment there is an understanding of the impossibility of controlling everyone at once.

If so, it is much more rational to fragment the global geopolitical landscape and prevent the assembly of a new geopolitical and economic structure led by China from being realized.

For 2023, it turns out not particularly well, but there is an understanding that the United States is quite comfortable in its own ecosystem of key allies, where high-strength technological, political, economic and financial cooperation takes place.

The United States does not rely on the control of Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and China and other obstinate countries, as it did 10-15 years ago, but concentrates on retaining key allies.

It makes no sense to maintain "warm" political relations, but you can "chop off the shoulder and shoot from the hip," while in your own ecosystem there is quite harmonious and effective cooperation and development.

Opposition to other countries' projects

2021: US forces Croatia to abandon Chinese investment in Rijeka port

Washington used diplomacy, declassified intelligence and other tools to persuade an ally to NATO Croatia exclude China from the project at the port of Rijeka.

When information about the port reconstruction deal emerged in 2020, alarm bells sounded in Washington: Three Chinese state-owned companies won a tender for a 50-year deal to build and operate a new state-of-the-art container transshipment terminal in Rijeka, a deep-sea port with easy access to central European markets.

American diplomacy, combined with pressure from the EU, ultimately helped block Chinese ambitions, sources said in 2023. In January 2021, the Croatian government canceled the tender without explanation.

The effort to block China's access to the port, details of which have not been previously reported, provides insight into how American officials are working as part of a broader strategy to counter Beijing's influence in Europe.

Relations with countries of the world

Relations with Russia

Sanctions against Russia

• US and EU sanctions on Russian oil and gas sector

1949: "Dropshot" - a new plan to destroy the USSR

The Dropshot Plan was developed in 1949, when Harry Truman was re-elected for a second presidential term. And declassified only in 1978, under Jimmy Carter. The plan for an all-out war with the USSR, unlike Totality, did not put nuclear bombing first, but the number of nuclear bombs that were planned to be dropped on Soviet settlements and military facilities could destroy most of the population and 85% of the country's industrial potential.

The basic assumptions of the plan are a set of conditions and time frames for waging war between the United States and its allies against the USSR.

The first basic assumption is the date of the beginning of the war - January 1, 1957. The reason is allegedly an act of aggression, an attack by the USSR and/or its allies.

The allies of the United States in the conflict are members NATO (at that time Canada Britain France Belgium-,,,,,,,,,, and Netherlands) Luxembourg, Italy Norway Denmark Iceland as well as Portugal part (in which China communist rule was not established), and all countries Philippines of the British Commonwealth, except and. India Pakistan

Side by side with the Soviet Union are, Poland, Finland Czechoslovakia,,,, Hungary,,, Albania Romania Bulgaria Mongolia Manchuria, Korea and communist China. The Dropshot also suggested that Yugoslavia could take the side of the USSR, but would stay closer to neutrality.

Ireland Spain Switzerland Sweden,,,,,,, Greece Turkey Egypt Transjordan,,,,,,,, Syria Lebanon Iraq India and Saudi Arabia Yemen Israel Iran Pakistan declare neutrality, but join the United States in the event of a serious threat from the USSR.

There were also additional assumptions regarding both the pace of development and armament of Soviet troops, as well as the pace of mobilization of NATO and USSR troops, and the economic situation in the United States and the availability of Middle East energy resources for the needs of the Allies. The most important and dangerous additional assumption of a general war plan was clause number 14.

"Nuclear weapons will be used by both sides. Other types of weapons of mass destruction (radiological, biological and chemical weapons) can be used by either party, taking into account considerations of retaliatory impact and effectiveness. "

Plan "Dropshot." Chapter 1, Section 4, Item 14

The actions of the United States and allies starting from January 1, 1957 were, according to the plan, divided into four parts. It was implied that, depending on the place of conflict and the pace of development of certain events, four phases could overlap.

The first phase involved a single day, or D-Day, beginning the Allied nuclear bombing of the USSR to "stabilize the early Soviet offensive."

The second phase suggested the start of major offensive operations along the entire front line by all branches of the troops.

The third phase is the conduct of offensive operations until the surrender of the USSR.

The fourth phase is the establishment of control and enforcement of the terms of surrender.

Why didn't the nuclear New Year come in 1957? There are many reasons why the Dropshot plan was not implemented. In just eight years from the plan's inception to the proposed nuclear New Year, both peace and military affairs have changed in radical ways.

In 1951, the United States condemned for espionage and sentenced to death the Rosenberg spouses, who transferred valuable data and drawings related to the American nuclear program to the USSR. The event played a role in strengthening the Soviet nuclear potential.

In 1953, Joseph Stalin passed away, and Dwight Eisenhower, under whose leadership Totality was developed, became president of the United States.

In 1954, the USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear submarine, was launched.

In 1955, Eisenhower met with Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Nikolai Bulganin and First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Nikita Khrushchev, as well as with the leaders of Britain and France at a summit in Geneva. The summit was an important milestone in the desire of the USSR and Western countries for peace and strengthening international security.

In 1956, Khrushchev spoke at the XX Congress of the CPSU with the famous report "On the cult of personality and its consequences." The process of de-Stalinization of the USSR begins.

In 1956, for the first time, a Soviet bomber performs a flight to a range corresponding to the distance to the United States and back with refueling, thereby hypothetically guaranteeing the survival of a Soviet pilot.

In 1957, the USSR conducted successful tests of the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) capable of carrying a nuclear charge. The Soviet R-7 missile was capable of delivering one 3-megaton nuclear charge to a distance of 8800 km. At the same time, the distance from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Los Angeles is 6600 km, from Moscow to Washington - 7850 km.

So, in just two years, the USSR has demonstrated its ability to launch nuclear strikes on US territory in the event of a global conflict. And the scenario of a gratuitous nuclear bombing of the USSR is a thing of the past.

1945: Plan "Totality" to bomb 20 cities of the USSR with nuclear bombs

The Totality plan was developed by the United States in August 1945, when the first atomic bombs began to enter service with the United States. Their numbers and production capabilities were severely limited, as were delivery vehicles (exclusively bombers). He was conceived by US President Harry Trueman in order to mislead the USSR about the real nuclear capabilities of the United States in the post-war years.

"Totality" was the first military plan in history, involving the bombing of several large cities of the alleged enemy with nuclear bombs. The list included Moscow, Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod), Kuibyshev (Samara), Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Novosibirsk, Omsk, Saratov, Kazan, Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Baku, Tashkent, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Molotov (Perm), Tbilisi, Stalinsk (Novokuznetsk), Grozny, Irkutsk and Yaroslavl - only 20 cities.

The United States did not yet have 20 atomic bombs in August 1945. The only two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. But by 1950, the American nuclear stockpile was close to 300.

But the USSR in the same year had only five atomic bombs. Such superiority may have given rise to the idea of ​ ​ developing an even larger plan for the American military command than Totality. In 1949, the Dropshot plan was developed.

Relations with India

Main article: US relations with India

US policy in Ukraine

Main article: US policy in Ukraine

Politics in Africa

2023: US crushes France in Niger

On December 2, 2023, US Ambassador to Niger Kathleen Fitzgibbon officially presented her credentials to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Niger. This diplomatic procedure was immediately interpreted as normalizing relations after a military coup in July and recognizing the new government.

Fitzgibbon arrived in the country in August and the local Foreign Ministry expected her to take office a few months ago. However, Washington said at the time that the ambassador would not present his credentials to the new Niger authorities, since the United States would not recognize them. Well, after the presentation procedure, the media, of course, began to discuss the turn of Niger towards the United States and the reasons for the unexpected warming.

At this time, the Americans are under the control of a large air force base 201 in the area of ​ ​ the city of Agadez in northeastern Niger. The air base serves as a reconnaissance and surveillance center in the Sahel countries and is equipped with attack drones and transport aircraft. In total, there are about 1,000 US troops in Niger.

It is curious that a few days before the mentioned events, Niger and Burkina Faso (obviously for various reasons) left the pro-French defense alliance G5 Sahel, and a year earlier this was done in Mali. As a result, only Chad and Mauritania remained in the association.

In general, processes similar to those taking place in Gabon take place in Niger - the United States replaces France as the colonial metropolis, wrote Rybar.