Digital road

The draft concept for the creation and operation in the Russian Federation of a national network of intelligent transport systems on public roads defines VATS as "a vehicle, intended for the carriage by road of people, passengers and baggage, goods or equipment, installed on it, equipped with an automated driving system operating within the normal operating environment for some or all trips without the need for human intervention in traffic safety management.

Modern vehicles are already equipped with a large number of different sensors, video cameras, and other devices. They are designed to understand what is happening with or within the vehicle, "explains Igor Kravchenko, deputy director for innovative markets at Rexoft. - In a modern car, more than 6 thousand types of parameters are formed, which is 4 TB of data per day. These are data on the technical condition of the car, its speed, driving style, road profile, weather conditions, environment, geography of use. Some of this data is already being transferred to the platforms of automakers, service providers, car dealers, operators of such systems.

Dmitry Smirnov, First Deputy General Director of FSUE ProtectionInfoTrans, notes that intelligent transport systems have already gone a long way in active development using various approaches and standards for building such systems. However, the appearance on the roads of VATS fundamentally changes the requirement for the functionality of ITS.

Now their functioning is impossible without relying on modern telecommunications systems that allow vehicles to exchange information with external devices and with each other, on the basis that in the future the safe movement of VATS on public highways should be ensured, "says Dmitry Smirnov in his article in the journal Intelligent Transport Systems of Russia.

Its content is the implementation of solutions in the field of "connectivity" - the so-called V2X, V2I or V2V, when it comes to the fact that equipment and infrastructure can transmit information on board a car, one car to another car, or vice versa the car can exchange information with infrastructure.

V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) is a generic designation of an automotive technology system that allows vehicles to communicate with moving transport and the environment using short-range wireless signals. At the same time, V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) implies a connection between individual vehicles, and V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) - between cars and transport infrastructure. For example, V2X can support data exchange between a car and various road infrastructure objects: road signs, markings, traffic lights, whose infrastructure should also be connected to data networks.

When driving independently and moving cars both in tight formation on highways (the so-called platooning) and on public roads, it is necessary to ensure the exchange of this information between various vehicles, as well as with elements of road infrastructure, "Dmitry Smirnov emphasizes. - This allows to achieve greater traffic safety by transmitting warning messages to infrastructure facilities.

We are at the beginning of the V2X century, "notes Igor Kravchenko." We are still far from absolutely unmanned systems. "

Advanced active cruise control systems (a necessary element of highly automated transport) allow you to keep the car in the right lane and adjust its speed taking into account the speed of surrounding cars. In fact, this is the first stage of automating road transport and a real step in the direction of completely unmanned traffic, "Igor Kravchenko is sure.

SAE International (Professional Association of Automotive Engineers) VATS Automation Levels

Automation level	The essence of the level	Note
0	No automation	Human driver is 100% responsible for vehicle control on an ongoing basis. There are many modern cars with driver assistance functions that still correspond to Level 0
1	Separate, some help for the driver	Partial control of braking and taxiing under certain conditions
2	Partial automation	Limited assistance with taxiing and braking, but this is not an autopilot. The driver should be ready to take control almost instantly. Even if human involvement is required for a short period, the system should not be described as an autopilot
3	Significant automation, "conditional autopilot"	The role of man-be in reserve. Drivers no longer need to constantly monitor the car and the road. They should just stay on the check and take control when the system offers to do so. Due to the difficulty of determining the difference between Level 2 and Level 3, many automakers avoid it
4	High automation of driving. A real autopilot, but with restrictions	The system does not need a reserve in the form of a person while the system is operating within its limits. For example, the vehicle depends on the map, which means that it is limited because it cannot travel to places that have not yet been added to the map
5	Full unconditional automatic driving	The vehicle must drive in any place, under any conditions (which a qualified driver can cope with) completely independently

^{Source: Fundamentals of creating intelligent transport systems in urban agglomerations of Russia. I.A. Evstigneev. - M.: Pero Publishing House, 2021}

The stage of connected cars has already been completed, "agrees Alexander Semkin, chairman of the GLONASS cluster (K-57). - We perfectly collect data from any equipment, understand how they are displayed in different subsystems, for which it is necessary. And this information can be used in any segment where there is transport - from car sharing to the municipality and agriculture.

With the development of 5G technologies, humanity is fully entering the era of the industrial revolution, when all devices begin to communicate with each other without human participation. The same technologies are beginning to be actively used in the transport industry, fully automated traffic control systems, automated public transport and road equipment control systems, systems managing the infrastructure for unmanned vehicles and unmanned vehicles themselves are emerging, "says Valentin Martins, director of the Softline.- And to realize that the future has already come, you don't need to go far for examples.

The future of smart roads has already arrived

At the moment, unmanned technologies in our country are rapidly developing. Moreover, not only in the field of transport, but also in other sectors of the economy, one way or another close to the transport industry, "said Dmitry Olkhovikov, executive director of the Digital Era of Transport Association. - Highly automated vehicles on public roads, unmanned technologies on the railway, autonomous navigation, delivery of goods using drones, development of technologies in agriculture and much more. Sooner or later, unmanned vehicles will enter our lives.

Back in the spring of 2020, SMARTS JSC, together with NP GLONASS, implemented a pilot project to launch smart roads in the Samara region. A pilot zone has been launched to introduce the C-V2X intelligent platform (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything, a wireless cellular communication technology for exchanging information between a vehicle and its environment in V2X format) based on the infrastructure of SMARTS JSC, the length of which in the Samara region is approximately 1000 km. This provided a communication base for the implementation of the pilot project together with NP GLONASS.

For three years, it is planned to confirm the possibility of operating cars without a driver on public roads in automated control mode. As part of the preparation of work, acoustic monitoring complexes were installed at the pilot site. The role of the acoustic sensor is played by an optical fiber laid in the transport multichannel communication of SMARTS.

Based on the acoustic monitoring mechanism and its integration with the intelligent integration platform (IIP), as well as the layout of the V2X technology network, a number of digital services scenarios are implemented, including:

• informing the driver of the presence of a pedestrian on the side of the road;
• informing the driver about the operation of harvesting equipment on the road;
• informing the driver about the opening of the manhole on the side of the road and the roadway;
• informing the driver about the nearest free power station (based on the interaction of the intelligent integration platform with the on-board controller of the domestic electric vehicle Zetta and the layout of the V2X process network).

Unmanned logistics corridors

In September 2021, the Ministry of Transport Russia and the state-owned company "" Avtodor began joint implementation of the project "Unmanned logistic Corridors," approved earlier. By the Russian Government The project provides that until 2024 commercial use autonomous trucks will be provided on the M-11 Neva highway and until 2030 - on 20 thousand km of federal routes, including M-12 and. As CENTRAL RING ROAD Dmitry Olkhovikov said, already now experts are talking about the launch of unmanned cargo traffic on the M-11 not in 2024, but at the end of 2023. "There is a large team, more than 20 companies," the expert noted.

The project participants previously became:, KAMAZ, National Telematic Systems (NTS) SberAvTot,,,,,,, Business lines GlobaltruckFirst Expeditionary Company (PEC) X5 Group Volvo Infrastructure Russian Post State Transport Leasing Company (GTLK)VTB Holding.

{{quote 'This will be the first step towards their large-scale commercial use on the highway between Moscow and St. Petersburg from 2024 and the launch of autonomous transport between Asia and Europe by 2030, "comments Kirill Bogdanov, Deputy Minister of Transport of Russia, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Digital Transport and Logistics Association (CTL).

Annual savings on the side of carriers are estimated at 1.3 billion rubles. The formation of unmanned logistics corridors, according to the calculations of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, will provide by 2030 an additional income of the country's budget in the amount of 0.7 billion rubles. and GDP growth by 2.4 billion rubles. annually.

Kirill Bogdanov also notes that digital road infrastructure and a technological data transmission network should ensure the passage of Russian and foreign drones.}}

Russia is one of the first countries in the world, if not the first to plan for the launch this year of a pilot project of cargo unmanned vehicles on the M-11 highway, "emphasizes Valentin Martins from Softline and adds: This route is not a landfill, but a really working road, along which various vehicles move on a daily basis.

Testing of unmanned cargo transportation on the M-11 will be carried out simultaneously with the development of regulatory regulation as part of the experimental legal regime of the "digital sandbox." To manage risks when autonomous trucks move and prevent them from entering city traffic on the Neva highway, special hubs and a state center for controlling drone traffic will be created.

Smart trunk of Central Ring Road

The launch on the A-113 (TsKAD) of the world's first smart highway for unmanned vehicles in the Russian Federation was carried out in May 2021. The intelligent road infrastructure was implemented jointly by the concern National Telematic Systems (NTS) and Avtodor (TsKAD is under the trust of Avtodor). In September, GLONASS JSC became a participant in the project - the company aims to launch innovative services for cars connected to the road infrastructure at the Central Ring Road. In addition, the project is attended by Business Lines, ITECO Russia, Daimler Kamaz Rus, Mercator Holding, Kazan-Telematics, Kapsch TrafficCom.

"We have put into industrial operation the world's first intelligent road for all modes of transport: traditional cars, connected cars and unmanned vehicles 4 and 5 levels of autonomy. This is the first system of this class in the world implemented on public roads, "said Alexei Nashchekin, general director of the NTS concern.

Video cameras, weather stations and communication antennas are located throughout the Central Ring Road. Data on the road situation and information from devices on board cars go to the Central Control Station of the Central Ring Road and are used to coordinate road services, send emergency commissioners and work logistics services. It receives real-time information about the location of drones, their technical condition and charge level. If necessary, dispatchers can adjust the unmanned transport route, for example, direct it to the nearest charging station.

In turn, connected and highly automated cars will exchange information coming from road infrastructures (TsKAD) about the repair of the roadway, accidents along the route, critical weather reports and other interference on the highway. GLONASS JSC uses the Precision Point Positioning service in the project, which implements a mode of absolute navigation of high accuracy on a global scale: consumer equipment receives signals from global navigation satellite systems and high-precision ephemeris-time information, which allows calculating a navigation solution with an error of up to 10 cm anywhere in the Eurasian and Arctic regions. According to Pavel Varnavsky, director of the navigation products department of GLONASS JSC, high-precision positioning is used in VATS together with autonomous systems and sensors, which provides reliable navigation regardless of weather and other conditions.

The "smart road" of the Central Ring Road is not a technological product, its participants emphasize, but a business-oriented service based on the information infrastructure for unmanned vehicles. So, Evocargo plans to launch a logistics service on smart roads using unmanned electric trucks.

The infrastructure of the Central Ring Road is integrated with a barrier-free fare payment system for paid areas "Free Stream," an automated traffic control system, information boards with variable information for drivers, equipment for interacting with connected and unmanned vehicles and other technological solutions "NTS."

Elements of smart roads tested at the Central Ring Road will be replicated to other transport corridors. In Russia particular, M-12 "-,"Moscow Nizhny Novgorod " Kazan Kazan -," " Yekaterinburg South-West Chord" (- - - Ufa -), in the Togliatti Saratov Volgograd Krasnodar South Cluster project, as well as on the routes of international logistics projects passing through the territory of Russia: transport corridors "North-South" and "East-West."

We plan to cover the North-South, West-East routes with smart roads and create chord directions, "says Georgy Chicherin, deputy chairman of the Avtodor state-owned company. - The company forms the framework of Russia's high-speed road infrastructure for the movement of people and goods, and here digital technologies are necessary, including to ensure increased comfort and safety of movement of people between regions.

In addition, smart roads are a high-tech product with great export potential. So, the relevant decisions of NTS are already in demand in India, Indonesia, Turkey and Colombia, said Alexey Nashchekin.

Smart Digital Road Infrastructure Principles

Highly and fully automated vehicles operating in unmanned mode should be gradually included in the existing transport system, without endangering other road users and ensuring full compliance with the established traffic rules, "says Igor Evstigneev in his monograph" Fundamentals of Creating Intelligent Transport Systems in Urban Agglomerations of Russia "(M.: Perot Publishing House, 2021).

At the same time, the expert notes, it is necessary to provide for a differentiation in the level of responsibility of road users depending on the level of autonomy of vehicles.

Key approaches to ensuring the safe interaction of unmanned vehicles with other road users include the following key components:

• Safety through provision of situational awareness of unmanned vehicles by maximizing the use of the capabilities of road transport infrastructure and comprehensive risk management.
• Security by providing the necessary functionality of unmanned vehicles, complementing and, if necessary, duplicating the capabilities of road transport infrastructure, as well as by exchanging information between vehicles.

Digital roads are modern tracks that collect information from video cameras, sensors, detectors and monitor in real time traffic, traffic jams, accidents, pedestrians and other objects, weather conditions, "explains Maxim Revyakin, head of the regional development department of Galileosky.- Based on this data, scenarios are launched. For example, motorists may receive notification of impending bad weather. Such intelligent road management is an opportunity to make car traffic safe, comfortable and fast. And telematic equipment can help in this, among other things.

• Safety by ensuring proper traffic management based on dynamic traffic flow control through control actions by intelligent transport systems.

Road transport infrastructure should be able to ensure maximum situational awareness of highly automated vehicles, "says Igor Evstigneev. - At the same time, final decisions in various traffic situations are generally carried out by an automated driving system independently, taking into account the recommendations of road transport infrastructure facilities.

Communication Systems for V2X Infrastructure

Vladimir Kayurov, Senior Project Manager of the ICL Group, points out that the data exchange systems between cars and transport infrastructure make it possible to optimize road traffic, improve the usability of transport and road safety by obtaining the most complete amount of accurate data on the traffic flows of the V2X system. But this poses special requirements for the characteristics of the communication channels used.

A key technical problem is to provide cars with high-speed network connectivity, "says Igor Evstigneev. According to experts, for the stable operation of V2X, the use of 5G networks is necessary: 4G networks are not suitable for indications of stability of operation and communication speed, the expert says. Only 5G networks allow you to transfer huge amounts of information generated by road infrastructure and vehicles, "adds Igor Kravchenko.

5G communication, thanks to a lower connection delay, will make interaction through V2X more efficient, and the movement of self-driving cars on smart roads is safer, "adds Dominic Bont, director and vice president of ABI Research, and notes: For V2X technology to become a reality, two areas - automotive and telecommunications - must expand the coverage of the 5G signal and provide confident reception.

ABI Research analysts expect this to become quite real by 2025: by this time, 5G communications will allow mobile operators to introduce more value-added services for the automotive ecosystem. ABI Research analysts expect appropriate business models and new opportunities for the automotive industry due to a low connection delay of up to 1 ms.

Dmitry Olkhovikov, Executive Director of the Digital Era of Transport Association, says that issues of ensuring uninterrupted and sustainable communication still remain a bottleneck of ITS:

If we are talking about roads, that the infrastructure of the road should have technologically stable data transmission networks, high-precision positioning systems.

These issues are in the process of being resolved. Thus, in accordance with the passport of the federal project "Information Infrastructure," the share of federal roads provided with mobile radiotelephone communications and the share of priority transport infrastructure facilities equipped with networks with wireless voice and data transmission should reach 100% by 2024.

Problems of sustainable communication in other sectors (autonomous navigation, unmanned drones for the transportation of goods by air, etc.) also still has not been resolved, "continues Dmitry Olkhovikov. - In addition, interconnection and interaction in communication issues are very important, because in the future the allocation of frequencies for" flying "drones can create a problem when implementing ITS, mutual interference between various unmanned vehicles (cars and aircraft) can occur. Ensuring uninterrupted and sustainable communication is therefore a top priority.

Dmitry Smirnov, top manager of FSUE ProtectionInfoTrans, speaks about the current intense competition in the field of transport telematics networks, where there is a struggle for the right to become the main standard for communication in V2X between technologies based on 4G/5G C-V2X or PC-5 cellular networks, which are developed by 3GPP, and technologies based on the standard. In Wi-Fi the latter case, the focus is on DSRC technology (Dedicated Short-Range cCommunications - dedicated short-distance communication IEEE) from the 802.11p group of standards) and its kind of ITS-G5 the European from the group of standards. ETSI

Currently, there is a struggle between ITS-G5 and C-v2x standards in the world, "comments Igor Evstigneev. - ITS-G5 is promoted by the Car2Car Communication Consortium alliance and the C-Roads association. C-v2x is promoted by the 5GAA (5G Automotive Association) alliance and telecom equipment and chipset suppliers. At the same time, China supports the C-v2x standard, North America still chooses between C-v2x and DSRC. So far, the official position in the Russian Federation is technological neutrality.

The key task that lies in this area is the formation of a common data exchange protocol.- says Anton Zhuravlev. - For example, in the field of the development of unmanned vehicles, a "connected" vehicle, pilot tests are carried out when at the entrance of the VATS, the signal of the traffic light is not determined using lidars, not due to CCTV cameras, and by telecommunications, when a signal from the traffic light object controller is transmitted to the vehicle side. Conversely: due to monitoring systems, information about the approach of the car to the intersection is transmitted to the traffic light object controller.

New level of road awareness

Igor Evstigneev recalls that the purpose of the digital road is to help drivers maintain safe speed and distance, carry out rebuilding, avoid overtaking in critical situations and safely pass road crossings, and for this, traffic management requires a fundamentally different level of awareness: it is necessary to monitor not only the functioning of the car itself, but also the surrounding transport environment.

This feature determines, in particular, the appearance in the draft concept of creating and functioning in the Russian Federation a national network of intelligent transport systems on public roads of a dynamic digital road map: it is "part of an intelligent transport system based on high-precision spatial digital data, using data from an engineering digital model of the terrain of a highway and providing automatic increase in situational awareness of vehicles."

V2X changes the focus of informing the driver, "Igor Kravchenko from Rexoft is sure. - We will gradually move from the scoreboard on the tracks to the terminals inside the car, where various messages will be displayed that assist the driving process: about the danger from the vehicle nearby, leaving for markings, weather conditions, speed, etc.

This is a very large piece of ITS, which will receive massive development in the West in the next five years, "says Igor Kravchenko. - But today we can see cars equipped with V2X systems on our roads. So far, these are premium brands.

Infrastructure Monitoring and Incident Management

Infrastructure monitoring can occur not only through video cameras, but also with the help of various kinds of detectors that are installed on the roads and have the ability to "monitor" the situation on the road up to a kilometer and transmit the same information aboard the car, he explains.

For example, this year on the roads of Krasnoyarsk, the Iney-M mobile road monitoring complex will begin work, which consists of special equipment installed on a road service car and a computer program at the employee's workplace. It is part of the intelligent transport system, which is being introduced in Krasnoyarsk as part of the national project "Safe quality roads."

Control is carried out by the operator using a special mobile application. After starting the program and starting the movement of the car, regular automatic polling of the measuring and video equipment of the complex is carried out, as well as synchronization of the received data with the geographical coordinates of the location of the car.

Iney-M is able to detect defects in the coating, shoulders and all road elements. The system allows video shooting and photo recording with reference to the coordinate system and time. The mobile complex will also allow you to receive operational information about the level of maintenance of the road network, automate the control of the work of contractors for winter maintenance of roads, timely inform users about the state of the roadway, quickly identify sections of roads that do not comply with winter maintenance standards, etc. All received data are recorded in computer memory in the form of a specific track.

According to the regional Ministry of Transport, the use of the Iney-M complex will optimize the costs and time for the work of a whole group of specialists involved in detours, defects, measurements and other types of assessment of the state of urban roads.

New V2X Digital Services

The capabilities of the drone are limited by information coming from sensors and sensors. Therefore, the creation of services that provide information support for the movement of drones, including those warning of dangerous approach, difficult meteorological conditions, notifying of the recommended speed of movement for traveling to the "green" phase of the traffic light, will significantly optimize and make traffic safer, Deputy Transport Russia Transport Minister Alexei Semenov said in an interview with the newspaper "" in 2020.

An example of such new digital services is digital testing of intelligent road infrastructure. Testing of the work of V2X according to the data of the world normative and scientific literature includes a large number of various trials. However, today there is no single international standard, Igor Evstigneev notes, and the most relevant ISO/WD 34501 standard "Road vehicles - Terms and definitions of test scenarios for automated driving systems" is still under development.

Another example of new digital services is road management on digital roads. So, DSK "Autobahn" together with the company "Roads and Bridges" announced the universal IT platform "Preon," which is designed to combine a set of tasks in the field of road construction. In one window mode, it will provide access to the documentation for the construction site to all its participants: customers, regulators, design institutes, construction companies, subcontractors, operating organizations. According to Yevgeny Korshunov, general director of Autobahn Digital, it will allow managing the risks of discrepancies in design and working documentation, of which problems arise very often when creating road objects.

The platform, which will operate on the basis of BIM technologies, is scheduled to enter the market at the end of this year. Rosavtodor has already announced its readiness to consider the possibility of using the Preon platform after the completion of development and testing. Overall, building V2X infrastructure requires new approaches to traffic lifecycle management. Thus, accurate data from the current digital database of objects can be used for the purposes of transport planning and modeling, and with the help of pre-installed tools, the design documentation is automatically prepared in accordance with the requirements of the legislation. Transparent data exchange with external regional and federal information systems is achieved.

But so far, Igor Evstigneev notes, there are no proven design solutions on the market for the deployment of elements of the "digital" road infrastructure necessary for the effective use of VATS.

Obviously, the development of projects of this level requires the interaction of various ministries and private companies, as well as large-scale work to amend the current legislation, experts say.

It is advisable to use mechanisms of public-private partnership or privatization of state sections or road infrastructure that will require modernization (equipping the necessary equipment with a safety service (car - infrastructure) and adapting the roadway, markings, signs and parking spaces for the operation of vehicles of various levels of autonomy, "says Igor Evstigneev.

Standards are needed both for the VATS themselves and for their behavior on the roads. When developing rules, we must not forget that many countries of the world are engaged in the introduction of unmanned vehicles. This means that at some point harmonization of accepted standards for BTS will be required, and it is better to envisage the need for this step in advance.

Legislative aspects and regulation

Since the main directions of the next stage of ITS development in the world and in Russia will be the introduction of unmanned vehicles and V2X systems, in my opinion, complex changes in legislation, improvements in communication technologies to increase the speed and stability of data transmission and high investments from the state will be required, "says Vladimir Kayurov from ICL.

To fully use them, safety requirements are needed, to determine liability in case of damage from unmanned vehicles, liability insurance, commercial and personal use opportunities, "Vladimir Kayurov emphasizes. - Also, analysis and amendments to the main existing documents will be required. For example, in the Criminal Code, as a new actor appears - a robot that can cause damage.

The expert believes that in part V2X it is necessary to legally oblige all manufacturers and owners to equip transport with onboard and transmitting elements of V2X systems by analogy with seat belts and the emergency service call button, as well as to ensure the ability of government customers to purchase and install V2X system elements on public roads, as well as to certify them.

Without its revision in most countries of the world, the release of VATS on the public road in a completely unmanned mode without a driver is impossible, since it is not clear who will be to blame in the event of an accident. If VATS goes from one country to another, where its rules of movement are adopted, then how should it behave? After all, this is not just a restructuring for local traffic rules - this is a new model of behavior loaded into the "brain" of a drone.

Digital Road Models

They allow the virtual navigator to build routes and tell the driver how to get to point B as economically and safely as possible.

Last year, Urbanteh announced the Avtodiskaveri software and hardware complex, designed to create digital doubles and monitor the state of road transport infrastructure. According to developers from the company "Digital Roads" (part of the Urbanteh Group of Companies), this decision will help the transport authorities of the regions to have up-to-date data on the state of road transport infrastructure, take prompt measures to restore damaged DTI facilities, as well as prepare the necessary documentation in an automated mode - PODD, KSODD, etc.

Data are collected using a car with special equipment. The neural network recognizes, classifies and places DTI objects on panoramic images at each point of the trajectory. Mechanisms for digitizing 23 classes of DTI objects with detailing 20-50 attributes per object and location accuracy from 10 cm to 1 m are implemented, and the accuracy of digitizing reaches 95%. Digital Roads says that one mobile laboratory can digitize up to 150 km of roads per day.

In general, the Avtodiscavery system creates a single information environment for executive authorities and operating organizations. This allows you to objectively monitor the performance and timing of the maintenance of DTI, say Digital Roads. In addition, it is possible to develop road traffic management systems (DBMS and DCMS) with the most accurate and up-to-date information. Process automation minimizes the impact of the human factor and the probability of errors, and documentation preparation time is reduced to 2-3 days.

To fully launch the unmanned driving mode, a high-precision digital model of road network objects is needed, with which onboard software interacts, says Daniil Khazov, commercial director of Urbantekh Group of Companies. After all, the accuracy of this model is subject to a variety of degradation, for example, snow or rain hide road markings, and also negatively affect the accuracy of meteorological sensor data. That is why, the expert believes, technologies for creating and updating digital doubles of road signs, traffic lights, markings and other critical objects are in demand on the market: such technologies will be useful for digitizing and creating an accurate virtual model of road infrastructure, which is necessary for launching unmanned vehicles taking into account strict road safety standards.

V2X security is a complex issue

Whether it is a road, a railway or the sea, the key issue is the issue of ensuring security, "says Dmitry Olkhovikov.

This means, firstly, that the road infrastructure should be unified for all road users: regardless of the level of automation of the vehicle, the road infrastructure should be safe, convenient and comfortable for everyone. Secondly, when we talk about infrastructure, the specialist notes, we are already "descending" into local issues within the framework of specific issues: the comprehensive development of ITS in the regions, the introduction of ITS subsystems (ASUDD, weather stations, detectors, etc.), various standardization options in ITS, BDD and much more, and problems need to be solved, first of all, at this level.

Ensuring the information security of the transport complex as a whole, and highly automated vehicles in particular, is a complex multi-component task that requires significant efforts not only by various departments, but also by research teams that take into account the emergence of modern technologies, "Dmitry Smirnov believes.

He talks about the promise of using quantum key distribution systems in modern cryptographic protection methods in accordance with Russian information security standards. True, so far their widespread use is limited in information and communication systems to be certified in accordance with the requirements of regulators for research and development. Until the regulator accepts the requirements for certification of such equipment, developers and manufacturers of SKZI are guided by the recommendations of TK26 FSTEK of Russia "Protected protocol of interaction of quantum-cryptographic equipment for the generation and distribution of keys and cryptographic information protection tools," GOST 28147-89, GOST R 34.12-2015, GOST R 34.13-2015 and existing requirements and orders for the development of the FSB of the Russian Federation.

In addition, there is a lot of work to be done in international standardization organizations to adopt and standardize Russian technologies, algorithms and methods of information protection.

V2X Equipment

As for Russian technologies in V2X equipment, according to Dmitry Olkhovikov, competition among developers at this stage is in terms of the mounted equipment used (lidars, cameras, etc.), as well as software.

Manufacturers "pull" software due to machine vision and artificial intelligence (this applies to projects both in transport and in agriculture). But in terms of "connecting" cars to the infrastructure, the results are negligible, "complains Dmitry Olkhovikov.

Meanwhile, modern automotive electronics is a new huge market.

Already today we see how a car from a vehicle turns into a gadget - high-tech, autonomous, safe, effective and environmentally friendly, "says Vasily Shpak, Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade of the RF. - Russia has every chance to become a leader in the organization of unmanned traffic. This will allow us to use all the advantages of our geographical location and territory.

We create unique hardware and software complexes, but if there is at least one electronic component, the complex will remain a development. Therefore, we consider it important at the state level to take care of the creation of domestic enterprises of the elementary base - this will be the basis for the safe development and introduction of digital technologies, including ITS.

In addition, in addition to problems with the development and production of advanced domestic automotive electronics, there is a shortage of complex landfills or dedicated pilot zones where you can fully test VATS, their interaction with infrastructure, "connectivity," technologies, etc., before launching drones on public roads, Dmitry Olkhovikov notes.

Thus, Igor Evstigneev summarizes, a critical aspect associated with the development of autonomous driving technologies is the ability of such autonomous systems to effectively and safely interact with the surrounding transport infrastructure in various road situations (for example, interaction with various types of users, unexpected. But to date, most VATS manufacturers have not paid much attention to the issue of cooperative management of VATS.

Their main efforts are aimed at developing algorithms for the movement of individual VATS in a wide range of modes and road situations, since the main task is to release a product that is attractive to the end user as soon as possible, but, alas, mainly due to savings in road safety, the expert comments.

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