2024
How robots build houses in Moscow
At Moscow construction sites, by the fall of 2024, robotic systems are actively being introduced for various construction work - from dismantling structures to finishing facades. Technologies allow you to improve work safety and ensure consistently high quality of tasks.
According to Hals-Development, universal dismantling robots with various mounted equipment are used on the construction sites of the capital: hammers, hydraulic scissors, buckets, cutters and bulldozer dumps. Thanks to tracked travel, cars are distinguished by high maneuverability even in difficult areas.
Robots with several kilometers of silicone matrices of various textures are involved in the production of facade panels, which determine the future design of the facade. Automated systems lay matrices on special pallet conveyors and install formwork with an error of only 0.4 mm.
Robotic finishing complexes paint facades according to the specified parameters, which ensures stable quality of work with minimal human intervention. Operators only set the necessary parameters and control the process.
A pilot project for testing a robot dog is being implemented at the Skolkovo medical cluster construction site by the fall of 2024. The main area of application of the cyberdog − the control of compliance of the built object with the project, compliance with safety at sites, as well as various measurements.
The factory of reinforced concrete structures in Naro-Fominsk uses the LEIT industrial metering system, which controls all production processes. Robots determine the optimal time for removal of panels from molds after concrete solidification and participate in the formation of iron frames.
governments Russia Marat Khusnullin The Deputy Chairman notes that the housing renovation program stimulates the further modernization of production lines of house-building plants and the introduction of new technologies.
During the construction process, operations are saved that can only be performed by people - for example, the final assembly of reinforcing frames. At the same time, robotization allows you to minimize the risk of errors in difficult and dangerous areas of work.[1]
Moscow Mayor's Office launched a map of all facilities under construction in the city with addresses and construction dates
In March 2024, the mayor's office Moscow launched a map of all facilities under construction in the city with addresses and construction dates. A service called "Construction Map," developed by the company Mosstroyinform"," is available on the portal BuildingSimple"." More. here
"Airplane" will build an analogue of "Moscow City" in Kommunarka. The first 3.5 billion rubles have already been spent
In early February, it became known that the company "Sphere Pro," which is part of the "Airplane" group, won the auction for the sale of shares in six companies that own the rights to 6.6 hectares in the village of Kommunarka. In this territory, according to Vedomosti, it is planned to build an administrative and business center, which is positioned as an analogue of Moscow City. The total amount of the transaction is estimated at 3.5 billion rubles. Read more here.
2023: Digital construction. The mayor's office told how smart technologies are changing Moscow
At the end of March 2023, it became known about some results of digitalization of the construction industry in Moscow. By this time, every fourth object of the Moscow Construction Department is being designed using the so-called BIM technologies. We are talking about 150 + facilities (25% of the total number of designed facilities in the capital). Read more here.
2022
Construction of expensive apartments in Moscow decreased by 11%
In 2022, the construction of just over 1,000 premium apartments was launched in Moscow, which is 11% less than in the previous year. Such data in February 2023 led to the real estate agency "Bon Ton."
According to experts, the share of apartments in the total volume of the Moscow expensive real estate market decreased to 31% from 42% in 2021. The NF Group company clarified that before the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in the premium segment, apartments accounted for a share of 50%.
Experts explained the trend that fewer elite apartments began to be built in the capital, the economic situation. "In all crises, developers are reducing the commissioning of such facilities due to narrow demand, the company said. Kalinka Among the reasons for the decrease in the share also called the lack of free space for development.
The number of potential buyers is now declining in all segments, says Alexander Andrianov, vice president of GloraX. Sergey Nyukhalov, Deputy Sales Director of Granel Group of Companies, noted that many bought premium apartments for rental, including expats and tourists, of which there have been significantly fewer in Moscow since last spring.
However, there is no reduction in their share in the mass market of apartments, says Anna Rajabova, director of the Metrium Premium luxury real estate department. In her opinion, developers of inexpensive facilities support demand by bringing to the market projects with extremely compact lots, for example, an area of less than 10 square meters. m.
Another reason for the reduction of new projects of premium apart-complexes is the shortage of free-for-development sites in prestigious locations, Ms. Rajabova notes, allowing a further decrease in the share of such facilities in Moscow.[2]
Commissioning of office real estate in Moscow decreased by 42%
In 2022, the construction of 341 thousand square meters of offices was completed in Moscow, which is less than 50% of the original plans of developers, which they voiced at the beginning of the year. They wanted to introduce at least 755 thousand square meters. Analysts of the consulting company NF Group released such data on January 26, 2023.
According to them, the volume of commissioning of offices in the capital in 2022 was 42% lower than the previous year. According to experts, this is due to the deterioration of the economic situation in the country. Due to the sanctions, the supply chains of building materials and equipment have become more complicated, and some products have become inaccessible.
In 2023, analysts expect a further decrease in the commissioning of office space - developers will hand over no more than 250-300 thousand square meters. In addition, about 12.4% of premises remain free in the office real estate market of the capital, and by the end of the year this figure will increase to 13%.
About 76% of new office real estate projects in Moscow in 2022 belonged to class A. The share of vacant space increased by 3.6 and 1.8 percentage points in classes A and B, respectively, to 13% and 7.4%. About 690 thousand square meters of class A office space turned out to be free on the market, the indicator increased by almost 30 thousand square meters for the period from October to December, as well as more than 1.6 vky square meters of class B offices.
According to the calculations of the NF Group, the volume of annual net absorption of class A, despite the fears of the beginning of the year, turned out to be positive and amounted to almost 47 thousand square meters. In Class B offices, net absorption showed a negative result of 154,000 square meters. The requested weighted average rate in class A offices decreased by 3% over the year and amounted to a little more than 26 thousand rubles per 1 sq. m per year, in class B rates increased by 1% - to almost 17.6 thousand rubles.[3]
Revenue of Moscow housing developers decreased by 13%
In mid-January 2023, analysts at Cian.ru reported that, according to their calculations, the total revenue of Moscow housing developers in 2022 decreased by 13% compared to 2021 and amounted to 1.63 trillion rubles.
However, revenue decreased not as significantly as the number of transactions, experts say. Due to the rise in prices for residential real estate, sales decreased by 21% over the year, to 135.4 thousand contracts for equity participation in construction. As in previous years, the basis of revenue was projects in the "old" Moscow (64%), the report said.
In annual terms, the average cost per square meter of housing in new buildings in the capital region increased by 6.5%, to 260.3 thousand rubles. In Moscow, the increase was 2%, to 311.7 thousand rubles. In the Moscow region, the square meter of the "primary" has risen in price by 11%, to 166 thousand rubles.
According to the head of "Cian.ru. Analytics" Aleksei Popov, at the end of 2022, prices for primary housing slightly decreased. Due to the restrictions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the issuance of subsidized mortgages, developers began to provide discounts. In the first two or three months of 2023, prices may decrease by another 5-6%, Popov said.
He added that despite increased competition in the real estate market, demand is strongly inferior to 2020-2021. In 2022, against the background of restrictions on the issuance of mortgages with near-zero rates, developers had to switch to providing discounts, so that during the year prices in the primary real estate market slowly decreased, Popov said.[4]
In November 2022, the Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation Elvira Nabiullina said that at the beginning of 2023 the Bank of Russia would limit the issuance of a "mortgage from the developer" at near-zero rates. According to her, the regulator's measures will reduce the risks of near-zero mortgages for borrowers and credit institutions. A number of experts believe that the decision of the regulator will lead to a drop in the cost of housing by a third.
The volume of high-rise construction in Moscow increased by 18%
At the end of 2022, the 10 largest developers of skyscrapers built skyscrapers in Moscow with a total area of 4.8 million square meters. m, which is 14% more than a year earlier. This is evidenced by the data of analysts of the Metrium company.
According to their calculations, in 2022, 10 leaders of Moscow high-rise construction are building skyscrapers with a total area of 4.8 million square meters. m, which is 14% more than in 2021 (4.2 million square meters), and twice as much as in 2017 (2.2 million square meters). The total area of all skyscrapers under construction in Moscow in 2022 amounted to 5.9 million square meters. m against 5 million square meters. m a year earlier. Thus, this figure increased by 18%.
Metrium experts have compiled a rating of developers of Moscow skyscrapers. Three criteria were taken as a basis:
- Traditionally, buildings with a height of 100 meters or more are classified as skyscrapers (including buildings close to this mark from 99.5 meters).
- Developers are ranked by the total living area of only those buildings that exceed 99.5 m.
- The rating includes only those new buildings in which sales were going on by the end of 2022.
In 2022, the PIK group of companies retained its leading position in the ranking. In total, this developer is building 1.3 million square meters. m, which is 10% less than in 2021, when his portfolio of skyscrapers included more than 1.4 million square meters. m. The tallest skyscraper of this developer was the building in the new project - "First Dubrovsky," reaching 115 meters. The largest residential complex with high-rises is Amursky Park (the total building area is 174 thousand square meters).
MR Group is still on the second line of the rating. The silver medalist has an increase in the total area of high-rise buildings. If in 2021 it amounted to 673 thousand square meters. m, then in 2022 it increased to 1,045,026 thousand square meters. m The developer's tallest skyscraper is the premium Mod residential complex (200 m). The largest high-rise complex in terms of building area is City Bay (275,390 sq. M.).[5]
2020:2 skyscrapers above 200 meters built in Moscow in a year
1963: Kalinin Avenue - Novy Arbat cleared
1958: Construction of Leninsky Prospekt
1956: Construction of the Novoarbat Bridge
1929: Construction of the Melnikov House
1925: Mosselprom House completed
Mosselprom House - the first Soviet skyscraper - was completed in 1925. But the history of this building began earlier. At the beginning of the 20th century, a tavern was located in its place. Merchant Andrei Titov bought a plot and in 1912 decided to build a tenement house on it seven floors: he wanted to repeat the world's first skyscraper from Chicago. The work was completed quickly, by the spring of 1913. However, soon one of the walls of the building collapsed. The court found that this was due to poor quality materials, a violation of technology and the rapid pace of construction.
The skyscraper did not have time to rebuild due to the First World War. In 1917, the building had only five floors. In the 1920s, architect David Kogan and engineer Vladimir Tsvetaev added two more. And the tower of 11 floors was created by engineer Arthur Loleit. In 1925, Mosselprom entered the skyscraper - an association of Soviet factories and food industry factories.
The facade of the house was decorated with constructivist panels. It was developed by avant-garde artists Varvara Stepanova and Alexander Rodchenko. The image of products - sweets, milk, beer - complemented the slogan of Vladimir Mayakovsky: "Nowhere except/as in Mosselprom."
The image existed until the 1930s. Then it was destroyed, and Mosselprom itself was disbanded in 1937. The house was transferred to the People's Commissariat of Defense.
In the 1960s, the artist Ilya Glazunov settled in the building, his workshop was located here until 2017. At the end of the Soviet period, part of the premises was occupied by the theater department of GITIS.
1915: Orlikov's apartment building was built
"Tucherez" Afremov haunted the Moscow merchant Orlik, who owned a neighboring plot of land, so that he decided to surpass his neighbor and in 1915 attached his own skyscraper to the skyscraper. There were also eight floors in it, but the house itself went one and a half meters higher.
He no longer became the record holder of Orlikov's Apartment Building - by that time a 10-story building had already appeared in Moscow - the Nirnsee House of Cheap Apartments.
1904: The first tourist in 8 floors and the first elevator - Afremov House
In 1904, the first Moscow "Tucherez" grew on the Garden Ring. The building is located at Sadovaya-Spasskaya, 19, p. 1, and its height was about 35 meters. There were as many as 8 floors in it. The young architect Shishkovsky built it for the alcoholic magnate, merchant of the I guild and owner of the Moscow distillery Fyodor Afremov.
"Afremov's House " is one of the first Moscow "skyscrapers" of the early 20th century - the first building in the city with a height of eight floors, it was with its appearance that the word "skyscraper" and "brown" came into use.
Estimates of citizens - from admiration to fear and bewilderment. Many townspeople were afraid to ride a tram past him in case the structure collapsed. To understand the cultural shock of the Moscow public, look at the photo of what the street looked like before the construction of the first skyscraper in this place.
The townspeople feared that the Mother See, finding such houses, was losing its face of a spacious and bright city. And in part, they were right. So it happened.
Vodka tycoon Fyodor Ivanovich Afremov was a rich man. His factory produced over 65,000 buckets of vodka per year. With the introduction of a wine state monopoly in the country, the production of vodka by private enterprises became impossible, this was done three Moscow state-owned wine warehouses. So Afremov changed his business.
The plot under the house was then on the outskirts of the city, according to this, the council allowed it to be built up not only record high, but also extremely tightly. Here appeared uncharacteristic for Moscow - wells and curved gateways.
Behind the Garden Ring, land prices were very different. Even under Catherine II, a provision was developed according to which the territory to the Boulevard Ring was considered a city, then, to Sadovoy, it was suburbs, but behind the latter it was a "kick-out" altogether, with low land prices. But the city grew, and they did not bother to adjust this decree to new realities. Whoever was oriented in time, invested in the outside of the ring, he had the largest young ladies in the future.
The construction of apartment buildings was financed by banks that issued loans secured by the future house. By that time, the construction industry had developed greatly. Many brick and cement factories competed with each other, thereby ensuring high quality and low prices for building materials.
Afremov received funds to buy out an old dilapidated mansion with a plot and build a new house at the Moscow Credit Society. And he swung wide, to the fullest. A house of eight (and in some places 9) floors at that time became the tallest building in Moscow. Now he looks like a baby next to a skyscraper at the Red Gate.
The house was built by a young architect Osip Osipovich Shishkovsky.
The style for the house was chosen the most fashionable at that time - Art Nouveau. Despite the "dryness" of the facade (explained by considerations of economy), the house still has classical signs of the Art Nouveau style: decorative metal brackets under the cornice, oval windows in attics ("bull eyes"), the drawing of which is rhymed with a drawing of entrances.
"Boar" is clearly visible. But the grilles of the balcony fences cannot be attributed to the modern. Portals characteristic of modernity also attract attention.
But only for such hulks Art Nouveau is not very suitable, there is no such expressiveness as in small mansions.
In just a year, the house was built and became a real Moscow attraction, and the observation deck on the roof became popular with the bell tower of Ivan the Great.
A tenement house of 8 floors with a basement, had 87 apartments - from 4 rooms with an area of 86 m2 for 450 rubles a year to 5 rooms for 950. An experienced worker then received 300 rubles a year, doctors and teachers - about 700.
The advertisement of that time claimed that this is the tallest house not only in Russia, but throughout Europe! But something else beckoned to tenants. In the house there was an amazing attraction of that time - an elevator!
The newspapers wrote: "On Sadovaya at the Red Gate, the first eight-story building in Moscow was built - with an elevator." The elevator could not be brought to one reception to the eighth floor, so one elevator was brought to the sixth, and from where there was a transfer to the other elevator to the rest of the floors.
Before the revolution, Afremov's household income was among the highest.
After the revolution, the building was nationalized, and the tenants were condensed by turning their apartments into communal apartments.
Workers settled in Afremov's former house, and offices opened in the basements. Among them was GIRD (group for the study of jet propulsion), where Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov began his career. There is a legend that it was in the house of Afremov that Korolev first met with one of the founders of cosmonautics - Nikolai Kondratyuk, who came to Moscow from Novosibirsk.
1903: The mansion of Vasily Nosov was built according to the project of Lev Kekushev
V.D. Nosova Mansion is a merchant V.D. Nosov residential building in Moscow, built in 1903 in the Art Nouveau style according to the project of architect L.N. Kekushev. The building is an object of cultural heritage of federal significance.
1876: First five-story building - Apartment building of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra on Ilyinka
Until the 1900s, Moscow remained a low-rise and manor city.
The first five-story building in Moscow was built by architect Pyotr Skomoroshenko in 1876 for the Trinity-Sergius Lavra courtyard on the corner of Ilyinka and Birzhevaya Square. Until 1904, this apartment building was considered the tallest civil building in Moscow.
It had a sectional layout and included more than 200 premises, where the restaurant, bank, trading and law offices were located. The first floor was occupied by a perfume store, the basement was occupied by the Troitsky Low tavern. On January 4, 1877, the Novotroitskaya Hotel, which had 99 rooms, began to operate in the building.
Notes
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