Internet of Things in Agriculture (IoTAg)

Main article:

• Internet of Things
• Digitalization in the agro-industrial complex of Russia
• IT in the agro-industrial complex in the world

If in 2010 there were no more than 20 high-tech companies operating in the field of agriculture in the world and the venture capital investment market was $400 thousand, then already in 2013 an exponential growth of venture capital began. By 2016, more than 1,300 new technology startups were invested, more than 500 high-tech startups are created annually. Investments in the agricultural industry in 2015 reached an all-time high of $4.6 billion. The most active countries that attract investments in agrostartups - the USA, China, India, Canada, Israel^[1].

The Internet of Things in Agriculture (IoTAg) market is one of the vertical segments of IIoT. As of the end of 2016, agriculture accounted for about 6% of all IoT projects implemented worldwide.

According to J'son & Partners Consulting (Jason & Partners Consulting), as the market develops, more devices, mechanisms, equipment and information systems will be "connected" and have all the attributes of the Internet of Things. Therefore, when evaluating the market, one should consider equipment, solutions, applications connected to a single network along the entire value chain, including the end consumer.

Given that developed countries set themselves the goals of maximizing agricultural productivity and efficiency per unit area through digital agriculture, the task of accelerating the development and use of technologies that increase productivity in the industry is all the more urgent for Russia.

Despite Russia's prizes in wheat and pork exports, as well as the indicators of domestic agricultural production increased due to import substitution, the efficiency of domestic agriculture is noticeably inferior to the largest economies. In Russia, the gross cost of agricultural products per employee in 2015 amounted to $8 thousand, in Germany $24 thousand, in the USA - $195 thousand.

The catalyst for evolution and progress is a set of technologies united by the common name Internet of Things. This is a combination of fundamental discoveries in the field of data analysis (Data Science, artificial intelligence, machine learning), innovative achievements in the development of sensors and self-driving (unmanned) technology, which allowed to collect data and control all objects at a level not previously achievable, as well as connected network solutions, control systems, platforms and applications that take the ways of growing plants and animals to a new level.

Agriculture is becoming a sector with a very intense data flow. Information comes from various devices located in the field, on the farm, from sensors, agricultural equipment, meteorological stations, drones, satellites, external systems, partner platforms, suppliers. Common data from various participants in the production chain, collected in one place, allows you to obtain new quality information, find patterns, create additional value for all involved participants, apply modern scientific processing methods (data science) and based on them make the right decisions that minimize risks, improve manufacturers' business and customer experience.

Mobile or online applications become available to farmers, agronomists, consultants, which, when downloading data on their field (coordinates, area, type of crops, past yields), provide accurate recommendations and sequence of actions, taking into account the analysis of many historical and current factors, both in their site and in the external environment, combining data from equipment, sensors, drones, satellite, other external applications. Now the program helps to determine the best time for planting seeds, fertilizer, moistening or harvesting, calculate the time of loading and delivery of cargo to the buyer; monitor the temperature in the storage and transportation area to avoid damage and deliver fresh products; predict crops and income and receive advice on improving plant processing compared to past indicators.

Elements of IoT in Agriculture

• SMT : GPS/GLONASS trackers, fuel sensors
• Animal Activity Sensors/Boluses
• Personal IDs (RFID cards, IButton)
• Parallel Driving Systems
• Precision Farming Systems
• UAVs/Drones
• Smart weather stations
• Weighing and measuring instruments
• IP cameras
• Smartphones/Tablets
• Animal milking systems
• ERP systems

RFID

RFID - Technology in agriculture helps automate many processes. In animal husbandry, the whole range of production and management tasks is solved, from accounting for livestock stock, controlling its movement and all current indicators, to vaccination and optimization of breeding work - which usually remains beyond the perimeter of standard IT solutions of a smart farm, but is easily implemented in an RFID solution. Thus, labor costs are significantly reduced, the possibility of errors caused by the human factor is eliminated, information processing is accelerated even in large rural farms, and the identification of positive and negative heredity is simplified. All this makes it possible to significantly increase the profitability of agricultural enterprises and their competitiveness in the world market.

In February 2018, it became known that the ISBC Group of Companies certified domestic radio frequency tags in the international organization InternationalCommittee for Animal Recording (ICAR). RFID tags are designed for automated identification and accounting of animals. The products of the Zelenograd ISBC plant have successfully passed all inspections for compliance with international standards ISO 11784 and ISO11785. From that moment on, Russia independently produces certified RFID tags for animals. The food security aspect is extremely important here. The clear identification of sick animals will allow the timely identification of infected products, including imported ones, to prevent epidemics of dangerous diseases.

But the main benefits will not be received by the state, but by ordinary people. We don't know where milk and meat came from on our table. Radio frequency identification will provide 100% control. The whole field-to-table food journey will become crystal clear and we will be confident in the health of the burenka pictured on the milk bag. The long-awaited Internet of Things will be implemented in practice in a simple technology that everyone needs.

Another innovation will be the search for missing pets. Thousands of animals are lost. RFID tags will become official passports of pets, prevent bitterness from breaking up with fluffy and shaggy friends.

IoTAg in the world

2020

Connecterra is a Dutch agrotech startup

Connecterra is a Dutch agrotech startup developing a machine learning-based platform for dairy farms. This solution helps to reduce the use of hormones and antibiotics in agriculture, as well as increase the productivity of farms. The platform uses sensors to collect information about the animal, data arrays and a mobile application. With the help of technology, farmers can assess the health status of cows and their productivity, track the impact of changes, for example in the diet, on the herd.

On June 22, 2020, Connecterra announced that it had raised €7.8 million in investments. The Series B funding round was attended by Sistema VC venture capital fund AFK Sistema, as well as a number of other investors, including ADM Capital, Kersia, Pymwymic and Breed Reply.

CropX (Israel) - optimal watering solution

2017

IoT system for monitoring the health status of livestock in pig farms

In November 2017, it became known about the creation of the Internet of Things (IoT) system in the United States, which allows you to remotely monitor the health of livestock at pig farms. The solution provides for the attachment of special tags to the ears of pigs. With the help of a variety of sensors, they monitor the body temperature and movements of animals to assess their well-being and readiness for reproduction. Information from the sensors is transmitted to the cloud, where it is analyzed, after which the processed information is sent back to the employees of the pig farm. Read more here.

Gentle spraying and accurate weed detection

With an increase in the population of the Earth, agricultural areas per capita are rapidly decreasing. Based on the forecasts of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in order to feed the world population, farmers will need to consistently produce almost one and a half times the crop by 2050. In order to fulfill this condition, agricultural complexes will need environmentally friendly means of protecting crops and other technical innovations. To bring this to life, Bosch and Bayer announced in September 2017 that they were joining forces. As part of a three-year research partnership, the companies will develop smart spraying technology that will enable more efficient use of pesticides.

Bosch's research focuses on highly efficient sensor technology and an intelligent procedure for analyzing a selective spray system. In partnership with Bosch, Bayer applies its experience in the field of working with geoinformation systems (GIS), which includes the development of algorithms that are the basis for agronomic solutions: for example, integrated protection of crops, formulations and methodologies for applying solutions.

Crops like corn and wheat vie in weed fields for water, nutrients and a place in the sun. And the result is poor yields. At the moment, the most effective means for controlling unwanted plants is the widespread large-scale use of herbicides, but this method does not take into account the fact that weeds grow unevenly. As a result, crops and fertile land also fall under pesticide treatment, which can harm the environment.

Using cameras with special sensors, the new smart spraying technology distinguishes weeds from crops. Then, with the help of a special method of pollination, only weeds are treated with pesticides, which significantly reduces the damage caused to the environment.

"With smart spraying, we bring manufacturability to agriculture," says Dr. Johannes-Jörg Rüger, head of Bosch's division transport in the commercial and cross-country vehicle solutions segment. What distinguishes the new technology from previous developments is that prior systems could only distinguish between the presence or absence of plants without dividing them into weeds and crops.

The technology works as follows: before leaving for the field, the farmer, using special equipment, assesses the situation on the field and receives recommendations for the most suitable time to kill weeds. Literally one action allows you to detect unwanted plants and dot them. Many cameras dispersed throughout the length of the sprayer take a large number of photographs of the weed, which allows you to determine its type and optimal method of exposure. While the sprayer moves across the field, the desired volumes of herbicides in the correct proportions are sprayed according to predetermined parameters. So, weeds are treated with a composition, and free territories avoid exposure, and all this happens in just a few moments.

IoTAg in Russia

2024

Production of soil and climatic stations to be launched in Stavropol Territory

In the Stavropol Territory, the production of a soil and climatic station for agronomists will be launched. This was announced by the Stavropol State Agrarian University, StGAU on March 26, 2024. Read more here.

What tasks the Internet of Things helps to solve in animal husbandry

Expert Konstantin Berezin in a column for TAdviser spoke in March 2024 about how the Internet of Things (IoT) works in agriculture and what tasks it helps to solve in animal husbandry.

First, let's figure out what the Internet of Things is. Simply put, this is a system that connects different devices to the network. All these devices collect, analyze and transmit data to other devices through special software.

IoT devices can work on their own, but they are configured by people, and specialists can also regulate access to data. As a rule, such systems operate in real time and consist of smart devices and a cloud platform to which they are connected using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.

IoT is used in a wide variety of fields. We all know devices that help to monitor our houses and not worry about whether the iron is turned off or not, whether the front door is closed, whether the gas sensor works. A device installed at home sends data to a smartphone, and if it suddenly turns out that the iron is not turned off, this can be fixed by simply pressing a button in your phone from anywhere in the world.

In agriculture, IoT technologies allow satellite imagery to be used to track all processes from planting to harvesting and transporting crops. Special sensors help reduce the risks of pest infection, as they signal in time that a plant has died.

In animal husbandry, applications are effectively used that monitor internal conditions at dairy plants and stables. Sensors record changes in humidity, temperature, vibration and transmit all data in real time to farmers.

The use of IoT in animal husbandry has great promise, as it helps to make informed informed decisions, and minimizes human participation in monitoring processes.

IoT in animal husbandry

Consider key terms that are related to IoT. The Internet of Things is based on 4 basic concepts:

• DATA, IoT includes many ways to collect data about the physical world around us. Data is the basis of all processes that occur in IoT.
• Sensors (DEVICE) are a variety of devices that collect this data.
• ANALYTICS is the process by which raw data is turned into conclusions that form a further action plan.
• CONNECTIVITY - A network that allows you to exchange data and conclusions based on it.

Already, IoT systems are actively used in animal husbandry. Special sensors are attached to animals to monitor their health and location. Also, sensors track the performance of cows on dairy farms, assess the quality of feed, and monitor the timely supply of water.

Health monitoring

The physical state sensors of each animal help not to miss, the moment of deterioration of health and the beginning of the disease, this significantly reduces the risk of infection of the entire herd.

As an example, let's give smart agricultural sensors from Allflex. So-called collar tags, measure the temperature, assess the activity and general condition of each cow, and collect and analyze statistics throughout the herd.

Sensors are of particular importance when monitoring milk production. The sensory system helps detect cow disease before it affects milk yield and its quality. The sensor is attached to the neck, tail or leg of a cow and collects data on its behavior, activity, food consumption. If an animal has mastitis, for example, the sensor will immediately signal this and the farmer will be able to prescribe treatment in time.

Location monitoring

Drones are actively used to track the location of livestock on grazing. Such monitoring reduces personnel costs. In addition, sensors drones are used for the same purposes GPS , which are attached directly to the animal and help to determine exactly where it is and how it moves.

Pasture management

Using IoT, geosoning systems can be installed around pastures. If the animals leave the established area, the sensors will detect this and send a notification to the owner. Sensors can also be used to monitor soil moisture levels and pasture air temperatures to optimize nutritional conditions.

Weather monitoring

IoT devices installed on the farm effectively collect weather data, including temperature, humidity, wind speed and precipitation. All this helps farm owners make decisions about when it is better to release animals to pasture or, conversely, when it is worth keeping them indoors for safety.

Automation of processes on dairy farms

IoT technologies are effectively used on dairy farms and solve several problems that arise during manual milking at once. Automatic milking, helps reduce staff costs and guarantees high quality milk.

Unlike ^{manual milking, when the process is automated through IoT, milk immediately enters smart cooling tanks, so it does not deteriorate, even if it is too hot indoors or outdoors.}

What is automatic milking? This includes several stages:

• Animal preparation
• Installation of milking equipment
• Milk extraction
• Removal of equipment and removal of the animal from the special area.

It should be noted that milk production depends on the amount and quality of food that animals receive. Each cow is unique: the herd can have pregnant cows, sick and old animals, or, conversely, very young individuals. Their needs are different and sometimes it is difficult to assess by eye whether they receive enough nutrients. For this, it is also possible and necessary to use IoT systems that accurately track the amount of carbohydrates and proteins that each cow receives.

Automatic water supply

Another important improvement in dairy farms available through IoT technologies is the automatic supply of water.

In order for the animal to develop safely and be healthy, it is important that it always has enough good quality water in access. The fact is that milk contains almost 87% water and dehydration can seriously affect the condition of cows and the quality of milk. The need for water also depends on the humidity of the feed and on the air temperature and humidity in the room.

Farms typically use a standard watering system. It consists of an insulated floor and a heated bowl, which is automatically filled with water from the pressure line. A float valve adjusts the water level in the bowl, and a thermostat set at 4-6 ° C adjusts the temperature of the water in it. Thus, the situation in which the animal was left without water is virtually excluded.

IoT Implementation

The following are examples of specific technologies and companies specializing in IoT in animal husbandry.

Fitbit for animals

Fitbit The company, known for its devices for monitoring human health and activity, is also developing solutions for monitoring animal health. Sensors collect data on heart rhythm and other health indicators.

Allflex Sensors

Allflex specializes in the development and production of identification and monitoring solutions. Products include RFID tags and sensors. An RFID tag is an electronic device for receiving, processing and re-sending a signal. They are commonly used to identify and track animals on a farm.

FarmBot Pasture Management Systems

The company offers automated systems to manage pastures and monitor animal eating conditions. FarmBot's technology helps farm owners effectively manage diet and pasture conditions.

Semtech

Semtech develops solutions for creating long-distance data networks. The system is called LoRaWAN. With its help, it is possible to monitor and transmit data on the health and location of animals over distances of more than a thousand km.

SMARTBOW

SMARTBOW is a smart system with smart ear tags, radio chips and a server designed to track livestock. The system processes data in real time, determines the location, detects sexual hunting. Also SMARTBOW monitors the health of animals by their activity.

It is important that the technology is confirmed by scientific research - the results showed high accuracy in determining the location. The average deviation from the results of the laser rangefinder was only 1.22-1.80 m. This greatly facilitates the search and observation of cattle.

Using IoT in Russia

In Russia today, the use of IoT in animal husbandry is rather exceptional. For example, in the Leningrad region began the introduction of the IoT ecosystem. But there are also a number of problems and restrictions. The fact is that all IoT devices generate a huge amount of data, and the main task is their processing and development of solutions.

So, according to the general director of Agriconsalt Andrei Golokhvastov, one should not hope for the imminent introduction of IoT into the region's agriculture. According to the expert, neither the Leningrad Region nor the country as a whole has yet reached the desired level for the mass development of IoT technologies.

The main difficulties in this area are associated with the instability of the Internet, but there is also a psychological component. First, it is important to prepare the basis for such a transition, to work with personnel, to prepare the technical base. And, of course, we must not forget that the digitization of the agricultural sector requires significant funding.

2023: E-Cabinet has developed a system for monitoring production facilities for greenhouses

On May 19, 2023, the E-CABINET plant announced the development of a system for monitoring production facilities for greenhouses. The technology is able to "calculate" even 1 extinguished phytocouple out of 180,000. Read more here.

2022

SEZ " Technopolice Moscow" will launch the production of components for cattle control systems

A company from the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Technopolice Moscow is preparing for serial production of components for the Smart Farm cattle monitoring system. This was announced on November 7, 2022 by the head of the Department of Investment and Industrial Policy, which is part of the Complex of Economic Policy and Property and Land Relations of the capital, Vladislav Ovchinsky. Read more here.

A project has been launched in the Irkutsk region to create a network of agricultural metalworks

JSC ER-Telecom Holding (TM Дом.ру Business), together with the Ministry of Agriculture of the Irkutsk Region, has launched a project to create a digital service for agricultural metaedata of field meteorological stations in the region. ER-Telecom Holding announced this on October 25, 2022. Read more here.

A smart tillage machine has been developed in Saratov to increase yields by 20%

Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov has created a tillage unit with Internet of Things technology, which, according to the developers, increases crop yields by 15-20%. The press service of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Saratov Region announced this on August 9, 2022. Read more here.

Perm scientists have developed a basis for a domestic irrigation system

On June 24, 2022, Perm Polytech announced that a group of scientists, including their representative, had developed a software package that allows managing the irrigation system of agricultural land. The project will help automate the process of watering plants, improving its quality, as well as saving fresh water and irrigation costs. Read more here

Interra has developed a solution to control irrigation of crops using sprinkler machines

On February 17, 2022, the company Galileosky announced that the company "" Interra developed monitoring and remote irrigation control system using sprinkler machines. The InSmartRain product is based on Galileosky terminals and Easy Logic technology. It takes into account all the parameters of the technological process of irrigation of agricultural crops, which allows you to adjust the work on soil irrigation and increase yields. More. here

2021: Internet of Things, What a Manager Needs to Know

Internet of Things, aka IoT (Internet of Things). What is it? How is this different from M2M? How can this be used? How much is it? How to implement? Read more here.

2020

Cattle in Primorye began to implant chips

On July 7, 2020, it became known about the start of chipping farm animals in Primorye. The main goal of the livestock identification and automation project of the livestock industry is to ensure the anti-episootic and food security of the agro-industrial complex. Read more here.

MTS started using swallable sensors for IoT monitoring of cows

On April 10, 2020, it became known that Village Dairy"" began to use the developed livestock MTS IoT control system in livestock farms. here More.

2018

FSB to clarify interpretation of "spy" technique after "calf with GPS"

The Federal Security Service (FSB) of Russia will clarify the interpretation of the term "special technical means intended for secretly obtaining information" in the Criminal Code and the Code of Administrative Offenses. This is stated in the^[2] published on the federal portal of draft regulatory legal^[3] of the^[4]

The FSB indicated that now the meaning of the term "special technical means intended for secretly obtaining information" in federal legislation has not been disclosed. It is necessary to consolidate the meaning of the term to prevent crimes related to the illegal circulation of such funds, the justification says proyekta.​

The public discussion of the project will last until July 2, 2018.

Article 138.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (illegal circulation of special technical means intended for secretly obtaining information) provides for a fine of up to 200 thousand rubles. or imprisonment for up to four years. Art. 20.23 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation for violation of the rules for the circulation of such special means provides for a fine from 2 thousand to 2.5 thousand rubles. with confiscation of these devices (for officials, the maximum fine is 5 thousand rubles).

At the end of December 2017, President Vladimir Putin was told about the Kurgan farmer Yevgeny Vasiliev^[5], which was accused under Art. 138.1 of the Criminal Code. According to Vasilyev himself, he bought a GPS tracker on the AliExpress marketplace to monitor the calf. FSB officers found a microphone in this tracker that can be turned on remotely.

The Ministry of Agriculture proposed to subsidize the transfer of data from IoT devices in the agricultural industry

First Deputy Director of the FBSU "Analytical Center of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia" Sergei Kosogor during the international conference "Digital Transformation of Agriculture" spoke about the department's approach to stimulating the use of IoT devices in the agricultural sector. According to him, the ministry proposes to subsidize the transfer of data from connected devices. He explained to PRO IoT^[6], which is about subsidizing the construction of a data transmission infrastructure. At the same time, the department intends to use the data transmitted by agribusinesses for its own analytics and accumulation of information on agricultural production.

The Ministry of Agriculture considers it possible to subsidize data transmission when using foreign IoT devices. However, the department is aimed at using Russian data centers. Sergei Kosogor also said that the Ministry of Agriculture, together with the Ministry of Communications, is developing mechanisms to ensure the connection of Internet of things devices in rural areas where there is no cellular coverage.

In addition, the ministry, according to Sergei Kosogor, is developing training programs for digital specialists for agriculture. We are talking, in particular, about specialists in the field of the Internet of Things and quadcopter operators.

Russia in the top 15 countries in terms of technology development in agriculture

Russia ranks 15th in the world in terms of digitalization of agriculture, and the information and computer technology market in the industry is estimated at 360 billion rubles, according to data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, announced in February 2018 at the conference "Accurate Agriculture 2018."

Igor Kozubenko, head of the department for the development and management of state and information resources of the Ministry of Agriculture, reminded the meeting participants that at the end of 2017 the department proposed creating a state subprogram "Digital Agriculture," since the industry had not previously been included in the list of priorities in the preparation of the Federal Digital Economy Program.

"The market for information and computer technologies in agriculture at the moment is about 360 billion rubles. By 2026, it should grow at least five times, including by supporting agro-startups, "Kozubenko said. According to him, the ministry works closely with organizations that are engaged in startups, including Skolkovo, the Fund for Assistance to the Development of Small Forms of Enterprises in the Scientific and Technical Sphere, the Internet Initiatives Development Fund (IIDF), and helps "these funds and startups directly reach the agricultural producer."

According to Kozubenko, an analytical center has been created in the ministry to monitor the state of agricultural land, negotiations are underway with Roscosmos and Roshydromet to create a single database of images from space and climate data. Since last year, the largest agricultural universities have opened departments for the digitalization of agriculture, where they will train personnel for this area, the official explained.

2017

Sensors to help keep statistics

Sensors are installed on tractors and other agricultural machinery to control the speed of movement, the amount of fertilizers sown and the harvested crop. Livestock breeders also use special sensors: they monitor the behavior of livestock, activity during the day, body temperature, location. Such devices can be installed both inside and on the animal. The data collected helps increase production productivity. Among the companies supplying the sensors are John Deere and Agro-N.

" Micron We have experience in implementing -labeling projects in RFID various industries. Rural the economy is one of the industries where digitalization gives the fastest and most noticeable economic effect, but there are still very few examples of the use of domestic solutions in our country, "said Oleg Belov, director of applied technologies and system solutions at Micron PJSC in October 2017.

Data from J'son & Partners Consulting

On June 21, 2017, the analytical company J’son & Partners Consulting presented the results [[Internet of a study of the Russian Internet of Things ()|IoT ]]][[Internet of Things (IoT)|Internet of Things (IoT)]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] in the sector. agriculture

According to experts, IoT solutions and digitalization agriculture in will bring a total economic effect of 4.8 trillion rubles per year, or 5.6% of the increase. GDP Russia At the same time, the volume of consumption information technology can grow by 22%, and due to the digitalization of only one industry - agriculture.

J'son & Partners Consulting considers a promising model of direct sales, in which agricultural producers "see" the end consumer, its volume and structure of demand, and through the use of predictive analytics create exactly what the consumer needs and when. At the same time, product supply management is carried out on the principles of automatic exchange of information between participants in the supply chain and minimal use of the warehouse and logistics infrastructure of wholesale intermediaries.

The draft "roadmap" for the introduction of IoT technologies in the agro-industrial complex from the IIDF

In early March 2017, the Internet Initiatives Development Fund (IIDF) spoke about the completion of the development of the draft "roadmap" for the introduction of Internet of things technologies in the agro-industrial complex (agro-industrial complex) of Russia (TAdviser got acquainted with the document). It was created as part of the execution of the order of Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich dated October 21, 2016, given in accordance with the July presidential decree "on the implementation of scientific and technical policy in the interests of the agro-industrial complex."

According to Dvorkovich's instructions, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Agriculture, together with Rosagroleasing and the IIDF, were to provide the government with a roadmap for the introduction of IoT technologies by March 1, 2017. The IIDF clarified to TAdviser that the document was sent to the government on time.

The Roadmap includes the introduction of the concept internet of things (Internet of Things,), IoT optimization of work using drones and its own radio frequencies.

The goals of the implementation of the road map are indicated by the developers of the document:

• increasing the economic efficiency of agro-industrial enterprises;
• expanding the capacity of traditional domestic markets and product sales;
• creation of new niches for agro-industrial complex products;
• withdrawal of domestic agro-industrial complex products to international markets;
• ensuring responsible and rational use of natural resources.

The roadmap spells out measures aimed at developing research and development in the field of the Internet of things, standardizing Internet of things technologies in the agro-industrial complex, developing digital infrastructure, developing a system for training and advanced training of specialists in the field of the Internet of things, and improving state regulation.

The authors of the document expect that due to the implementation of the road map measures by 2019, the share of Russian enterprises using the Internet of Things in the agro-industrial complex will reach 30% against the current one of less than 0.05%. According to their idea, the introduction of the Internet of Things should also increase the share of domestic equipment development based on this technology from 6 to 20% by 2019. By the same time, it is planned to carry out about 20 pilot projects.

The IIDF calculated that the analysis system as an element of the Internet of Things saves 20% of the annual expenses of the enterprise. There was a precedent when after the introduction of the system, the company managed to save more than 40% of diesel fuel, which was originally planned to be spent on production, says the representative of the IIDF^[7].

Regarding the use of drones, the plan provides for the development of the basics of state regulation of the field of unmanned aerial vehicles for the needs of farmers in the 3rd quarter of 2017, and in the 4th quarter, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Economic Development and the FSB should submit a plan to allocate radio frequencies to drones to exchange information with farm infrastructure. In addition, industry enterprises should get simplified access to mapping and meteorological data: farmers need them to observe and predict crops.

The Road Map also provides for simplifying the process of registering communication facilities on land plots of farmers. We are talking about wireless communication towers, which are needed for the informatization of the economy as a whole, as well as for the connection of sensors and other elements of the farm Internet of things with the computer center and database. To do this, the government may oblige local governments to lease land to farmers for the construction of communication lines. At the same time, linear objects and communication structures will cease to be objects of capital construction, but without losing ownership of them.

The developers of the document believe that communication lines and towers, devices for collecting and processing information from sensors and other elements of the farm Internet of Things are the basic elements of APK informatization. However, the road map does not say exactly how such systems will be created and function. It provides that in the 1 quarter of 2018, a set of measures will be developed, including recommendations for the storage, processing and provision of data.

The authors do not specify the cost of introducing all elements of the roadmap. One of the barriers to effective financing of Internet of Things implementations, in their opinion, is the variety of solutions based on various technological standards. It is difficult to determine which of them will become leaders in their areas.

Constant coordination is required with experts in the field of standards, protocols and their parameters, as well as the used means of radio access for the Internet of Things, the draft roadmap says. According to the authors of the document, when developing state policy in the field of scientific technological development, standardization of technologies in the agro-industrial complex, effective interaction with the expert community can be achieved by forming on the basis of "Associations of Internet of Things Market Participants" a working group in the field of standardization with the involvement of industry associations, the expert community and representatives. states

2016: Plans to develop an IoT roadmap

The Open Government project announced plans to develop a roadmap for the development of Internet of Things technologies in the agro-industrial complex in December 2016^[8]. Its need was then explained by the fact that the agricultural sector in Russia, despite the increase in investment, remains underfunded. In addition, in terms of labor productivity, it lags behind the United States and European countries by 3-5 times. Climate risks contribute negatively. Russian agricultural producers cannot compete with Western farmers due to the low level of introduction of modern technologies, the Open Government noted.

The informatization of the agro-industrial complex is based on the technologies of the Internet of things. According to forecasts, by Gartner 2020, the use of the Internet of Things in the agro-industrial complex will contribute GDP an additional $80 billion to the world. dollars In order to successfully develop these technologies in Russia, it is necessary to unite the efforts of all departments, organizations and experts whose activities are related to agriculture and IT.

The message of the "Open Government" said that in order to develop such technologies, you must first provide Internet access on agricultural lands.

It is also planned to monitor the efficiency of the use of agricultural land and conduct their inventory using high technologies - based on space images. Reports on the results of space monitoring should be published in the public domain.

Electronic services developed on the basis of open data from meteorological stations and radars of Roshydromet, as well as the provision of such information on state portals and information systems, should help farmers manage climate risks and predict adverse weather conditions.

The Open Government believes that it would be advisable to include financial support for pilot projects in the field of the Internet of Things in the roadmap. The first such projects may be projects to create unmanned drones for collecting meteorological data, tractors - harvesters and various types of self-driving seeders, "smart" irrigation systems and product storage systems. Financing of such projects may be included in the program of support for the agro-industrial complex industries, which is estimated at 69.7 billion rubles.

Notes