Public Transport Management
At the end of November 2021, the Government of the Russian Federation approved new guidelines for a transport strategy until 2030 with a forecast until 2035. In terms of passenger traffic, it is assumed that by 2035 the transport accessibility of the main infrastructure by public transport within a single transport space will not exceed two hours. The article is included in the TAdviser review Intelligent Transport System of Russia
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The share of public transport trips in the largest agglomerations will increase by 15% compared to 2019. By launching regional services for building the optimal travel route (Mobility as a Service, mobility as a service), the share of residents who today prefer to use a personal car will decrease by a third.
The active introduction of digital services will increase the share of passengers using biometric identification on suburban, intercity and international transportation by 2035 to 80%. The speed of movement of passengers by public transport will increase by 37%, and its waiting time will be reduced by almost a quarter.
Transformation of passenger transportation in the strategy of digital transformation of the transport complex of Russia
 | Such growth is possible provided that a more comfortable, high-quality and secure transport system is created, where public transport can compete with personal transport, comments Maxim Isaev, Deputy General Director of Datapax, in an article for the PLAZA magazine. - The key factor in achieving these goals is the large-scale introduction of MaaS digital tools that make urban transport more flexible, convenient, predictable and passenger-oriented. |  |
According to the expert, a unified mobility management system can ensure the development of MaaS - a comprehensive digital platform that presents services not only to passengers, but also to carriers and regions.
In 2021, at the government level, the Strategy for the digital transformation of the transport industry of the Russian Federation was adopted, which includes the project "Green Digital Passenger Corridor." Within the framework of the project, it is planned to develop and implement a MaaS service for building an optimal travel route and using a single digital travel payment tool for different types of transport, taking into account the time of transportation and its cost. If the interest of the regions in the implementation of complex solutions continues to grow at an active pace, then by 2025 a MaaS service may appear, providing seamless travel throughout the country, Maxim Isaev believes.
We see that today the leading goal of the state is to unite disparate systems, introducing the principles of interoperability and integration interaction, Datapax experts emphasize. And they add that at the same time in the country there is not a single region with the most developed transport infrastructure, and the low quality of passenger traffic is included in the top 5 issues of concern to Russians. To achieve the set tasks, it is necessary to introduce comprehensive management systems for public transport and passenger mobility.
Economic aspects of modernization of the public transport system of the Russian Federation
Andrei Cheremnykh, head of the working group on the digitalization of passenger transportation of the Association "Digital Transport and Logistics," recalls that most of the projects for the modernization of passenger transportation provide for refunds:
| | The state does not just allocate funds, but creates some conditions under which mechanisms for monetizing new infrastructure are launched. | |
This means, firstly, that the owners of this infrastructure must create convenient and comfortable conditions for passengers.
Secondly, the creation of the Unified Federal System for Monitoring and Control of Passenger Transportation (EFS MKPP) as part of the reform of the passenger transportation industry should help solve the problem of unsafe and low-quality services provided by illegal carriers.
Of course, to achieve these goals, the "figure" plays a significant role, notes Andrei Cheremnykh.
| | It is a consequence of the actual system. Normal revenue accounting within a normally working system will only become possible when the route networks of cities are fully controlled by local authorities, taking into account the paradigm shift: "the city is the customer of transportation," and not the "supervisor." | |
The roots of the problems go deep enough, explains Valentin Martins, director of the complex projects department of Softline, into the traditional division of powers between the subject and the municipality. Historically, federal subsidies for the development of transport systems began to be allocated back in the early 2000s, as a rule, to navigation and information systems, and a number of cities created their own navigation systems for municipal funds. In general, it turns out this way, the expert says, that each of the state authorities manages its own routes, has different budgets and bears different responsibilities, not to mention the fact that different information systems are used.
A striking example is, they Moscow region say in the company The T-1 Group"": out of 10 thousand buses that move along the roads of the region every day, a significant part enters Moscow or neighboring regions. Moreover, control over this transport is carried out partially at the municipal level, partially at the regional level, and a significant part of the vehicles belongs to JSC Moscow transcar"." In parallel with this large carrier, dozens of small transport companies work.
Sergei Ponomarev, General Director of T-1 Group JSC, said in an interview with the Intelligent Transport Systems of Russia magazine that the introduction of a public transport management system in the region was successfully implemented, including thanks to the tough position of the Ministry of Transport and Road Infrastructure of the Moscow Region, and all carriers are connected to the system.
Problem points for the development of public transport
A significant factor hindering the development of the industry is the problem of the gray public transport market, industry experts say. According to ONF specialists, about 65% of carriers in the regions pay salaries of less than 15 thousand rubles. (data for December 2021), and 68% of carriers work in violation of the labor and recreation regime. For every 100 large class buses operating according to "gray" schemes, there are about 70 million rubles. per year of lost income to the consolidated budget. The total effect of the loss of local budgets from "gray" carriers is 38.8 billion rubles. According to experts from the Russian Academy of Transport, solutions related to the transition of public transport to the use of gross contracts will allow the industry to be brought out of the shadows.
A gross contract is an agreement according to which the transportation organizer purchases the volume of passenger transportation services from the carrier. This concept first appeared in the West Germany in the 60s, and today it is gradually penetrating into - Russia the transition to gross contracts is implemented in Kazan,,,,. To Moscow Tver Perm Novokuznetsk This year, the introduction of gross contracting is St. Petersburg planned by other cities. This countries direction, however, expects legislative improvement.
Thus, Evgeny Alekseev, Deputy Director for Urban Transport Development, Center for Infrastructure Economics LLC, notes that today the contract, as a rule, involves the purchase of work on specific routes, however, given that the gross contract is a long-term event, and road networks are actively modernized in cities, it is more logical not to tie traffic volumes to specific routes.
| | Then, during the term of the contract, the city will be able to redistribute the amount of transport work between routes depending on the specific need, says Evgeny Alekseev. | |
And support for all changes taking place can be entrusted to the transport model.
Advanced public transport
| | Public transport should provide a person with exactly the same level of comfort, safety and predictability that a car of its own provides today. | |
In these directions, passenger transport is being modernized today.
Pandemic times have expanded traditional ideas about security systems on board public transport beyond video monitoring cameras and on-board DVR - the task of ensuring the sanitary safety of passengers has arisen.
Anton Golubev, director of the Hikvision project management department, speaks of the high demand for a system based on thermal imaging technologies that allow measuring the temperature of people passing by with high accuracy. The expert believes that this demand has become a good incentive for the technological development of security systems for public transport. Thus, the Hikvision DS-MDH005-B terminal, designed for use on public transport, supports the functionality of fast and contactless measurement of surface body temperature and detection of the presence of a protective mask with an additional function of face recognition. This function can also be used to identify criminals in transport - for this, the terminal must be integrated with the databases of persons wanted by the police.
The company says that the recognition accuracy exceeds 99% (people's faces stand out from other objects in the frame, and the temperature is measured in humans and other warm objects). The response speed is less than 1 s per person, which allows for a quick landing of passengers.
During the pandemic years, passenger meters in public transport salons have changed. If earlier a simple tool was used for these purposes - "crossing the line," today it is replaced by more advanced technologies, for example, binocular stereo vision, using 3D models of passengers in the cabin. For example, Hikvision has such solutions.
The point is that the object is monitored from two different positions, which allows you to fix the displacement of the position of the object in two images to obtain a geometric projection in three-dimensional space. In addition to increased accounting accuracy (more than 98%), this model makes it possible to accurately separate incoming and outgoing passengers.
If 3D passenger counting sensors are integrated with the internal on-board network associated with the transportation control system, they become a source of a large amount of useful data to improve the organization of transportation.
| | In large cities, public transport monitoring systems are well developed. They work with several categories of users, - summarizes Igor Kravchenko, deputy director for innovative markets at Reksoft. - Firstly, they perform the function of informing citizens using applications about the situation on the desired route, and secondly, transport companies and the transport department can monitor the road situation, compliance with transport discipline and business processes. | |
Information services
These include both information services along the route of the vehicle, including current news, and useful information about the arrival of transport for people waiting for it at a stop: a passenger can see on his mobile device at what moment the desired bus will come to a stop.
"Smart stop" in Rostov
Smart stops also appear in cities.
| | Last summer Eagle , the first smart stop appeared in: with, video surveillance an information board, a button 112 voice and an auto-informant for visually impaired passengers, - says Alexander Semkin, chairman of the cluster council. - GLONASS Cameras track approaching transport, its actual arrival, can identify illegal minibuses and objects left at the stop, as well as record a violation of road rules. | |
The development of the "intellectual filling" of the object belongs to the company "Unified National Dispatch System," a resident of the GLONASS cluster.
| | The system allows you to build the work of the entire passenger transport of the urban agglomeration in the interests of residents. There are also subsystems for the management and control of communal equipment. In particular, such a subsystem has been working since last winter in Novokuznetsk. | |
At the second stage of the creation of ITS Orel, an ASUDD created by the Navigator Group will be introduced on the streets of the city. The main task of this digital solution is to control traffic lights.
Payment tools
The pandemic has become a real driver for the growth of cashless methods of payment for travel in public transport. Today, a passenger does not need to buy a transport card or ticket at all. It is enough to open a mobile application and link a payment tool - a bank card. This is very convenient not only for passengers, but also for the city administration: you can quickly deploy the system and flexibly manage fares.
Effects on passengers and regional government from the introduction of the digital platform
For example, the mobile application used by passengers after switching to a new model of transport services for the population in the Tver region includes, in addition to convenient ways to replenish the balance and manage payment tools, functions of online route building (including transfers), an online schedule and a forecast of the arrival of transport. The Datapax company, which has introduced a digital platform, says that during the first year of implementation of the system, mobile payment transactions were actively growing - people began to pay with mobile phones with pleasure.
At the same time, on the map of the region, you can see the peak values of the difference between passenger traffic data obtained from sensors and transactions in the public transport fare payment system.
| | In other words, these are the places where the largest number of "hares" is required, and the presence of controllers is required to check travel documents. The service automatically processes data on transported passengers and paid passes, predicts stowaways with high accuracy and automatically, using a mobile application, manages work orders for controllers. As a result, the efficiency of control services increases and the number of stowaways decreases, - notes Maxim Isaev, Deputy General Director of Datapax. | |
Stowaway Heat Card
The current trend in the field of payments is the use biometric data of users registered in. Unified biometric system Today, such technologies come to the sphere of passenger transportation. For example, mobile terminal DS-MDH005-B Hikvision it supports the technology, and face recognition with its help you can pay for travel or check tickets. This is especially convenient for multimodal routes (on several types of transport), says Anton Golubev: if, when buying a ticket, a person agreed to transfer his data to the carrier's system, then he will not need to present a travel document when transferring - the system will recognize and miss it.
A separate difficult task is to take into account the benefits of paying for travel. Public transport is an important social function, so the state at the federal and regional levels provides a significant number of diverse benefits to citizens. But at the moment, in order to confirm this benefit, it is necessary either to present the document physically at the box office, or to use a social card, having previously visited the MPSC to confirm its benefit, but this is not possible throughout the country.
| | From the point of view of the seamless "green corridor" of the passenger, it would probably be logical to ensure interaction by identifying the citizen and subsequent integration of the systems that charge the payment, providing these settlements with the relevant systems of the federal and regional level, says Andrei Cheremnykh. | |
However, today you can access the ECI within the framework of a payment service, say, banks or insurance companies, but not transport companies that provide mobility management for citizens.
| | I think that in the process of interaction between the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Digital Science, it will be possible to find a reasonable compromise and provide this opportunity, which is a serious incentive for the development of a non-cash system for paying for travel by passenger transport, - believes Andrei Cheremnykh. | |
This and a number of other issues still need to be resolved in order to combine various types of public transport into a single information space that ensures the creation of a "seamless" experience for passengers - the ability to flexibly plan and pay for their trips on different types of urban transport, without having to wait a long time or choose a means of transportation.
| | A passenger who got on a comfortable train, using wonderful systems, should not be in a complete information vacuum at the destination station. Digital transport inequality of regions is a task that has yet to be solved. | |
Public Transport Management
A key element of the public transport management system is the platform. Its most important features include scalability and integration capabilities.
| | The Maxima Telecom platform is able to scale from the city level to the scale of the region, and at the same time it retains its ability to provide users with the necessary data with the required degree of detail, up to a specific driver and compliance with the work and rest regime, "says Alexander Minov. | |
Driver screen in Maxima Telecom system
Dmitry Pavlov, Project Manager of the Navigator Group of Companies (part of the GLONASS cluster of the Oryol Region), is confident that the modern public transport management platform should provide a flexible approach to creating a user working environment, managing the flow of data available to users, ensuring the fastest and simplest integration. A key feature of the Unified Digital Platform for Managing the Transport System of the NAVIGATOR-ITS Region (EPUTS), he calls the ability to work with new types of urban transport: car sharing, means of individual mobility, etc.
The unified ITS control platform combines transport traffic lights, pedestrian traffic lights, high-precision transport detectors, environmental sensors, display boards, with information routers Wi-Fi seamless coating, cameras television viewing with a function, using Face ID thermal imagers an integrating information system. It is implemented in the form of an information and communication add-on and provides in this capacity not only control of all complex subsystems of ITS, but also interaction with external information systems.
| | The introduction of new technologies made it possible to build the work of public transport in accordance with the needs of passengers. In total, more than a hundred units of transport are equipped with terminals and connected to an automated control system: trams, trolleybuses and large buses. | |
In the Maxima Telecom platform, specialized IT solutions are integrated with a single digital platform and connected to the CAN bus of the vehicle. This makes it possible to form different indicators of vehicle use useful to different consumers. For example, municipalities need data from vehicles in order to provide the population with a high-quality transport service. Carrier companies use such data to control the performance of transportation tasks. Traffic services need data on routes and traffic loads to optimize their activities. Even leasing companies will be able to use such data to make sure that the leased vehicle is operated correctly. The presence of detailed data for each transportation allows the introduction of gross contracts in the field of passenger transportation, says Alexander Minov.
Valentin Martins from Softline notes that choosing a public transport management system for the customer is not an easy task - its specific functionality and stages of development strongly depend on the specific features of the territory and the tasks of its socio-economic development. For example, a public transport management platform can be supplied together with an ASUDD or a system of non-cash and contactless payment for travel on transport based on a virtual passenger account, etc.
Thus, the digital passenger transport management platform (KSUPT), developed by Megapage (Avtolokator brand), is focused on the tasks of the largest passenger transport operator in Europe, State Unitary Enterprise Mosgortrans (more than 120 thousand flights per day, more than 10 thousand units of rolling stock daily go on the line).
The functionality of the system includes developed tools for automated scheduling and checking of scheduled schedules, control of the flight with informing the dispatcher about the situation on the routes, making changes to the operational schedule in accordance with the traffic situation. This comprehensive planning and dispatching solution with operational control, management and monitoring of passenger traffic includes a universal mechanism that allows it to be integrated with any external information system without developing a separate service, the company says.
Workstation of ICCS system dispatcher
The Datapax platform is focused on public transport management. In addition to dispatch control, it includes a block of solutions for paying for travel, informing passengers, as well as transport modeling, control over the performance of transport work, a range of monitoring tasks, advanced analytics based on collected big data and forecasting.
Datapax Integrated Digital Solution Architecture
Due to the flexible microservice architecture, the platform can quickly integrate with any other digital systems already operating, the company notes, in particular, supports multimodal travel and seamless transplants.
The development of the T-ONE platform of T-One Group reflects the main stages of the development of digital passenger transport management systems: from telematics systems to solutions with a multi-level architecture that allow connecting different transport enterprises, both municipal, regional, public and private, and further to systems capable of digitizing business processes related to traffic and assessing their quality.
It is based on a telematic platform on which the Transport Monitoring product is launched, as well as a number of vertical solutions. For example, solutions for companies with a fleet, a system for insurance telematics and settlement ROAD ACCIDENT (it can evaluate the driving style insurer in order to form individual tariffs), a system aimed at auto imports - it provides the owner with information about the mileage and condition of cars sold, which allows you to offer customers additional services and personalized maintenance tariffs.
Sergei Ponomarev, General Director of T-1 Group JSC, explained in an interview with the Intelligent Transport Systems of Russia magazine that as part of ITS, the platform solution is a separate subsystem, high-speed data exchange with any other subsystems is provided through an information integration bus. The system has a common layer of regulatory reference information and an administration layer, and users of different types are separated into different levels of the system: transport enterprises, the customer of transport work at the level of a municipality or subject, the level of a minister, mayor or governor. Data entering the system is processed by various business applications, for example, "Control of public transport," "Control and maintenance of road facilities," etc. Thus, the telematic system has turned into a management platform with business analysis functions, says Sergei Ponomarev.
Other Review Materials
- Intelligent transport system of Russia: course - on a national scale
- Specifics of ITS
- City and regional ITs
- Safe and high-quality roads: from photo and video recording of road accidents - to integrated intelligent road control
- Traffic Management Best Practices
- Digital logistics
- Advanced telematics solutions and smart cargo delivery
- ITS infrastructure. Platform and service approach
- Intelligent Transport System Services
- Creation of a national IT
- Digital road
- Perspective development of ITS: unmanned vehicles
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