Import substitution of computer equipment in Russia. TAdviser 2024 review

Import substitution of computer equipment in Russia, as a phenomenon, goes into the stage of restrained optimism. However, experts look at the future in different ways and name various trends that concern them, although they offer options for solving problems. But the main instance to which aspirations are addressed is the state. In part, the processes in this direction will depend on how ready officials will be to listen to the market.

Despite all the efforts that are being made by domestic business together with the state, for the production of high-tech, complex products at the moment, experts estimate the link to imports at 80-100% according to the component base.

I think that the component base on average in the market today is used by 80% foreign, "said Sergey Kupriyanov, vice president of Ricore.

We estimate this dependence as 100% due to the fact that for a number of critical components, such as central processors, various microcontrollers, active element base, high-frequency connectors and connectors - there are currently no domestic solutions available for purchase, "commented Andrey Shulga, technical director of Sila.

Processors (including microprocessors), microcontrollers, GPUs, memory - all this in most cases is produced outside the Russian Federation. We are also talking about textolite, transistors, resistors, capacitors and other components of printed circuit boards that are produced in the Russian Federation, but in China they are cheaper, wider than their range and "on average" higher quality.

The issue of price competition here is key. Today we cannot compete with China. Our manufacturers have a much narrower sales market, the tax burden is higher, money is more expensive, "said Sergey Kupriyanov.

In his opinion, strengthening state measures to support the industry can solve this problem: raising customs duties on finished products and introducing a utilization fee of 20-25%, which will stimulate Chinese companies to more actively supply not ready-made devices to Russia, but components from which equipment will already be produced within the country.

I believe that achieving full independence is a utopia, it is worth considering scenarios with an iterative increase in the share of components for domestic ones, as well as the use of components where the full production cycle is established in friendly countries, "Andrei Shulga suggested.

According to Dmitry Petrov, head of the product management department of the X-Com Group of Companies, less than ten enterprises are engaged in the production of microprocessors in the Russian Federation, which do not fully meet the need of the Russian market: only chips with a 65-130 nm process are massively produced, while in modern electronics 6 nm is already being actively introduced.

According to the expert, the development of technologies is not going as quickly as we would like. For example, a plant that plans to produce chips using a 28nm process technology is still under construction and has not even announced the start date of production. Russian manufacturers are trying to get out of the situation by releasing medium-performance processors for "undemanding" areas, such as the defense and aerospace industries. If it comes to modern equipment, then so far there is no alternative to foreign component manufacturers.

However, some positive progress has been outlined in recent years, in particular, a limited batch of Baikal-S server processors has returned to the market, the nomenclature and production volumes of passive element base are increasing, the development of a domestic BMC controller has been initiated, the source codes of components and system libraries for development on the Elbrus platform have become available to the community.

The trend is positive, the main thing is not to slow down, "Andrei Shulga urged not to lose heart.

Alexey Pankov, head of sales at OpenYard, noted in this regard that work on import substitution of computer equipment is being carried out quite actively and continuously, but so far a large amount of components have to be purchased abroad. In his opinion, the key metric of the success of this process is still the point system, according to the decree of the government of the Russian Federation No. 719, and the most striking marker is the inclusion of products in the register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

Of the most striking achievements, we can note the localization of microcode, the use of Russian textolite for the production of printed circuit boards. However, it is too early to talk about significant changes in substitution, "he said.

Despite the fact that the situation with a high degree of probability is unlikely to change in the near future, domestic vendors have managed to achieve some progress and move from a simple large-node assembly to local soldering and even the development of their own circuitry, which is one of the steps towards the development of domestic electronics production, said Vasily Demidov, Head of the Registered Equipment "DataRu Technologies."

Russian computing is still highly dependent on imported components, and even products that meet the requirements of the Ministry of Industry and Trade have a foreign basis. This is especially evident in the segment of microelectronics, including processors, memory chips and other high-tech elements, where there are no analogues comparable to foreign ones, "the expert stated.

According to Alexey Zotov, head of the IT infrastructure department at K2Tekh, the market for classic Russian servers is developing dynamically: the number of manufacturers and solutions continues to grow every quarter, and domestic products are less and less behind their foreign counterparts. If earlier Russian solutions lagged behind by generations, now the situation is leveling off, and domestic manufacturers are already offering equipment on the fourth and fifth generations of Intel processors. The register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade already has more than three dozen manufacturers of classic servers. And although AMD, Intel, Nvidia products are in short supply, there are analogues on the market.

Alexey Zotov noted that the market for data storage systems (DSS) is expanding, manufacturers of hardware and software systems (PAC) are strengthening their positions, and the Russian segment of user devices continues to be replenished by large Russian manufacturers.

The entry-level and mid-level storage segments remain the most crowded in the DSS market. The Software Defined DSS (SDS) segment is rich in proposal. The high-level DSS segment is still inferior, but new solutions appear here.

The legislative requirement for the transition of CII subjects to trusted PAC until September 2024 formed a stable demand, which stimulates the active development of new solutions.

TAdviser collected data on the revenue of a number of Russian manufacturers and suppliers of computer equipment.

The localization scoring system was developed by the state to replace the ad valorem system in order to stimulate domestic production and in a soft way to limit competition from foreign manufacturers. Thus, it was planned to reduce dependence on imported goods. In fact, a point system is a mechanism by which the degree of use of domestic resources and components in a particular product is assessed. According to Dmitry Petrov, head of the product management department of the X-Com Group of Companies, the point system has a number of advantages.

In my opinion, it is more effective, as it allows you to more reliably assess the role of technological operations in the process of creating computing devices, and also facilitates the process of choosing a supplier during public procurement, "the specialist believes.

In his opinion, the system is also convenient for vendors, since it can be used in strategic planning - for example, in the distribution of investment budgets, payback calculations.

The point system encourages localization of manufacturing processes and reduction of dependence on imported parts. The government sees these successes and expands the system to other industries, for example, telecom, "commented Roman Bobryshev, director of the competence center for computing complexes, T1 Integration.

Alexey Pankov believes that the point system plays a leading role in stimulating the localization of production processes. The point system helps customers to identify trusted and trusted vendors, and the market to consolidate and segment according to the specifics of the target industry or equipment offered. In addition, the introduction of a point system pushes companies to move from an easier way to resell Asian equipment to opening and scaling their own production facilities in the Russian Federation.

This is certainly the main engine of import substitution, encouraging manufacturers to invest in development and increase the degree of localization, "says Andrey Shulga.

Tatyana Mikhailichenko, Commercial Director of CESCA, is confident that the point system helps attract investments in the creation of production facilities and increases the demand for Russian technologies. Manufacturers with a high level of localization gain access to public procurement, subsidies and benefits.

However, there remain problems with a lack of key technologies and risks of formal localization when assembly is carried out from imported parts, "the expert noted.

The point system is effective only for real manufacturers of equipment who provide this process on their own lines. It hardly makes sense to extrapolate the system to players purchasing components at third-party sites, says Sergei Kupriyanov, vice president of Ricore: perhaps such "severity" will result in a decrease in the number of vendors, small brands without production will disappear, but a pool of large, reliable and understandable full-cycle suppliers will form, from which customers will only benefit, because this is what the market looks like in developed countries.

The expert also pointed out the fact that scaling the point system to scarce components negatively affects the price of devices and the timing of such orders. It is necessary first to ensure the wide availability of such nodes and only then "reward" them with points.

Otherwise, we get completely non-market, in terms of prices, projects that harm the market rather than develop it, "the expert warned.

For example, at this stage, Ricore specialists do not welcome the point system for Russian HDDs and SSDs and RAM, since their availability still tends to zero, but support it for components such as Wi-Fi modules, motherboards and cases.

The ad valor approach was less transparent and less effective, says Vasily Demidov, head of the DataRu Technologies Register Equipment department, especially for server, storage and telecommunications equipment segments. However, the point system needs to be improved, since it does not always take into account the real technological capabilities of manufacturers in terms of the volume of production of solutions required by the industry and the complexity of localizing high-tech components.

According to Dmitry Petrov, there are alarming assessments of the market, but there is no global shortage of any components - any components can be brought from China. There is a certain impact of sanctions, there are problems with payments, but these are only technical issues that, as a maximum, can sometimes affect the increase in standard delivery times.

Andrey Vinokurov, Head of Business Development for Infrastructure at Krayon, agrees with this assessment. According to the expert, the market is very well adapted to external challenges and threats, and components and spare parts continue to arrive in Russia almost without interruptions. Related logistical complexities are taken into account as simply an "additional variable." Some GPU card versions from Nvidia are in short supply. Basically, this is due to US sanctions against China.

Difficulties with deliveries do arise, but you need to understand that any problem is a challenge, "says Alexey Pankov.

The specialist noted that the difficulties associated with import directly affect two indicators: the cost of the final product and the deadline for its shipment.

The totality of current circumstances determining difficulties with financing, logistics of both goods and funds, make their adjustments to the business models of domestic industries, confirmed Andrei Shulga: the value chain is becoming longer and more expensive, and investment projects look risky and less attractive. Significant problems arise with dual-use products and components, technical documentation for these products, as well as support from manufacturers.

As Tatyana Mikhailichenko said, problems with access to foreign technologies limit opportunities for the development of domestic production. These factors contribute to cost growth and delays in production processes.

Supply interruptions lead to a shortage of key components such as processors, chips and memory, the expert stated. - The shortage of high-tech materials, for example, photographic patterns for the production of chips, is especially noticeable. "

The sanctions affect the cost of final products and the speed of development of the industry, especially this was observed in 2023-2024. However, they also stimulate the search for alternative solutions, including the development of their own microelectronic base and reorientation to supplies from friendly countries such as China and India, said Vasily Demidov, head of the Registered Equipment "DataRu Technology." To reduce risks, according to the expert, even greater investments are needed in the creation of reserve stocks and the development of supply chains.

Now Russian manufacturers have to overcome the path that world brands have passed for decades in a very short time. Business itself is not able to solve the issue of creating a high-tech ODM industry, market participants say.

According to Dmitry Petrov, head of the product management department of the X-Com Group of Companies, there are about two dozen industries in the Russian Federation that operate according to the ODM model. These plants produce a fairly wide range of products: tablets, laptops, monitors, SSDs, PCs, server equipment, and so on, as well as components for them. Most of these industries plan to scale up and increase production volumes, which sooner or later will lead to a decrease in production costs.

Dmitry Petrov is sure that the main thing is not to spray efforts in attempts to import substitution of everything at once. It is important to decide on what can be done with your own hands, and buy the rest, where appropriate. After all, even Chinese and American manufacturers use imports.

Strategic leadership is provided, first of all, by high-tech components, for example, the production of chips, chips, boards - and in this direction it is necessary to establish production. But this is not a matter of one year or even three years.

In the much shorter term, the design problem can be solved: even in case of a shortage of personnel, foreign professionals working remotely can be attracted to Russian enterprises. And at the same time, take measures to promote the development of Russian design bureaus (industrial design bureaus), encourage startups in this area, where Russian young professionals will work.

In addition, it is necessary to encourage work in the specialty with the relevant specialists. But the most important thing is to increase the prestige of the engineering profession. Now she is not considered a popular specialty. Thus, there is no reason that young people who are now choosing a profession will decide to become engineers and industrial designers. It is necessary to refract this situation, Dmitry Petrov is sure, then in the future 5-7 years a new generation of industrial designers and engineers capable of creating modern products will appear.

According to Andrei Shulga, the issue of creating a domestic ODM industry is quite capacious and complex. A significant impetus can be the introduction of financial instruments to stimulate RnD activities in small companies, as well as the development of production cooperation, which provides the creation of raw materials, materials and components for use in the development and production of modern computer equipment.

Alexey Pankov recalled that high-tech production requires not only resources, but also a strong scientific base. In this direction, you can focus on the experience of China: to stimulate the emergence of research institutes that oversee various directions in microelectronics.

Until the concentration of computer vendors decreases in Russia, the creation of a high-tech ODM industry is impossible. The market size is finite, so the allocation of TOP-5 vendors investing in the development of technologies is absolutely necessary, the expert is sure. To do this, you need to come to adequate competition, protect the market from parallel imports, optimize registers and the procedure for inclusion in them. Which will help customers more easily choose a vendor to solve business problems.

The

ODM model in Russia has currently taken root only in the budget sector of servers, which involves exclusively surface soldering of the provided components. We are confident that the potential of ODM has not yet been revealed, since the market is not ready for it. As soon as the main problems are resolved, the development of the ODM industry will be possible, "summed up Alexey Pankov.

Tatyana Mikhailichenko believes that business does not have enough resources and technologies to solve this problem on its own to create a high-tech ODM industry. At the state level, it is necessary to increase investment in R&D, support education and create strategic partnerships with the world's leading technology manufacturers to accelerate the process.

Roman Bobryshev of the same opinion. According to him, business cannot completely solve the issue of creating a high-tech ODM industry on its own. Only by joint efforts of the state and business can significant progress be made in replacing computer equipment and ensure the technological independence of the country.

The degree of localization varies depending on the direction. Significant successes have been achieved in the segment of server equipment, data storage systems and telecommunications solutions, where the share of localization can reach 50% or more, said Vasily Demidov, head of the DataRu Technologies Registry Equipment Department. However, in the production of complex components such as processors, graphics chips and memory elements, import dependence remains critical. In 2023-2024 projects were actively developed to create domestic production lines for printed circuit boards and electronics assembly, but for the full cycle of microelectronics production, the creation of its own chip factories is required, which remains a long-term task.

The least localized are industries related to the production of processors and microchips, video cards, GPU, SHD, memory. According to Tatyana Mikhailichenko, Commercial Director of CESCA, the average degree of localization is observed in the field of software and operating systems, network and server equipment, security systems and data encryption.

As of the beginning of 2025, Andrei Shulga, technical director of Sila, noted, it was possible to achieve a fairly high level of localization in the production processes of textolite production - up to class 6 inclusive, surface mounting, final assembly of products, firmware of the main microcircuits, testing of the product assembly. According to the expert, these are high-level technological redistributions that allow you to get finished products at the exit.

Anton Karasev, technical director of the Skala^r, described the localization as steadily growing. Among the significant achievements, the expert highlighted the launch of the production of domestic basic components and particularly noticeable progress in software development, as well as Russian PAC. For the latter, there is a positive trend in demand among corporate customers.

Now you can find Russian servers and DSS of any level, except hi-end, which is a good indicator, believes Dmitry Petrov, head of the product management department of X-Com Group of Companies. According to him, the best successes are demonstrated by the office segment of technology: monitors, laptops, PCs, and other equipment. Basically, these are the categories of products for which there is a demand from state and near-state customers.

Printing equipment and peripherals are more problematic areas, the choice of Russian manufacturers is much narrower here. But the situation is gradually changing, for example, there are already four models of printing devices in the register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, although they are all from the same manufacturer.

Alexey Pankov, the head of the sales department, OpenYard confidently says that electronic technologies in Russia are completely imported. There are significantly more domestic industries - they are opening and developing throughout the country. All products, OpenYard for example, are produced in their own full-cycle production complex located in the Ryazan region.

To understand the degree of localization of IT production, it is enough to compare the number of operating Russian vendors and production complexes, - suggested Alexey Pankov. - According to our calculations, this is about 25-30 companies against 7-10 fully functioning factories for the production of computer and computer equipment. "

In recent years, the demand for domestic components for microelectronics has increased by a multiple. But today, due to the technological lag, limited assortment and high cost, manufacturers of components and BT products are having difficulty competing with Chinese and South Korean counterparts in price, quality, technical characteristics, assortment. Simple products are being replaced, but many key components are still not produced in Russia. Domestic producers have to go through a path in several years that friendly countries have overcome in two decades. Russian companies can often compete on equal terms in market conditions only if a comprehensive project with the provision of services or services is required.

With comparable characteristics, Russian equipment remains more expensive than foreign equipment. This is explained by several factors: the Russian market is significantly inferior in volume to the world market, and domestic manufacturers are forced to invest in attracting personnel, designing, developing and launching production facilities. In China, loans for business are 4-5 times cheaper, preferential taxation systems are used for high-tech industries and tens, if not hundreds, times wider than the sales market. In such conditions, Russian manufacturers can withstand price competition only with even more active state support. In particular, preferential taxation and more serious protection against parallel imports are needed.

Yes, many Russian companies are looking at the future towards domestic equipment, since there are obligations to switch to domestic solutions imposed by regulators. However, despite this parallel import, so far remains an economically more profitable mechanism.

According to experts, effective tools could be to raise customs duties on finished products and introduce a utilization fee of 20-25%. The industry could benefit from tougher standards on limiting the presence of parallel import devices in tenders for 44 and 223 FZ. Such norms will stimulate the same Chinese companies to actively supply to Russia not ready-made devices, but components from which equipment will be produced within the country.

Russian companies are gradually moving towards producing competitive equipment, and competition on an equal footing with Asian markets is, in principle, possible, since a similar component base is used. So, over the past two years, a huge step has been taken in Russia in building production processes and quality control systems, which sometimes allows us to achieve even better results than competitors. In 2023-2024 there was an increase in the quality and performance of Russian solutions. To optimize pricing and the transition from single orders to wholesale, as well as further strengthen the position of domestic manufacturers, it is necessary to continue work to increase production volumes, scale production capacities, invest in R&D, modernization, and more actively introduce robotic lines, combining rich engineering potential with the most advanced world production technologies.

In niche solutions, for example for government agencies, domestic products already demonstrate competitiveness. In the "middle" office segment, Russian manufacturers can already offer a product comparable in quality to Korean and Chinese. Much of the acceleration of improvement processes is helped by closer feedback from the market, which foreign manufacturers do not have.

The state is making significant efforts to localize IT production in Russia, for the sustainable development of the industry. In 2024, the government allocated more than 100 billion rubles to support technological initiatives, including the launch of new factories for the production of semiconductors.

The development of modern educational programs in cooperation with business, the launch of programs such as Digital Professions and the national Education project have reduced the ever-growing need for qualified personnel.

This also includes "legislative support." The industry was influenced by changes to the decree of the government of the Russian Federation No. 719 of 17.07.2015, which defines the requirements for the "point system."

In August 2023, the Russian government approved a strategy for the development of the manufacturing industry, providing for measures to support domestic manufacturers of microelectronics. In the first half of 2024, the production of computers, electronic and optical products in Russia increased by 35%, which indicates the positive dynamics of import substitution.

Recall that in February 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Trade approved the updated work regulations on the grant program for reverse engineering of components. The grant was increased to 150 million rubles, and for radio electronics 100% of the project budget is compensated.

The development of the industry was significantly influenced by a comprehensive system of state support for IT companies and specialists, including tax preferences and special mortgage programs. This approach contributes not only to the development of human resources, but also successfully solves the problem of retaining qualified specialists in Russia, ensuring the stable development of the domestic IT industry.

Another significant tool of state support can be considered the program "Data Economics and Digital Transformation of the State." It not only expanded the requirements for the use of Russian equipment and software, but also introduced new areas of its application, due to the fact that digital technologies will need to be introduced into more processes. Thus, not only the demand for existing Russian solutions will be created, but also a deposit for the development of fundamentally new technologies in Russia. This program stimulates the development of Russian technologies, for example, in the field of data processing and storage, creates a steady demand for domestic PAC meet the requirements of a power of attorney for CII.

The Law on CII ("On the Security of the Critical Information Infrastructure of the Russian Federation") has become a strong measure that stimulated the growth in demand for domestic products. The law created the basis for the development of domestic solutions in this area. In fact, now any state departments or companies with state participation are obliged to buy Russian-made products and software. And this is a large sales market, the largest in the country.

For the electronic industry, the legislative initiative stimulating development is Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2392, which provides for the creation of a register of organizations operating in the field of the electronic industry. The document, in particular, provides for a number of tax and insurance breaks: a decrease in insurance premium rates, a decrease in the tax rate.

In addition, the state encourages manufacturers to localize certain parts of the finished product: to establish the production of textolite, accelerate the localization of microcode and the development of specialized software.

An important step was the creation of industry competence centers that consolidate expertise and contribute to the development of Russian technological solutions.

According to Vasily Demidov, head of the Registered Equipment Department of DataRu Technologies, the state actively supports the industry through subsidies, grants, soft loans and the creation of industrial clusters. The digital economy program highlighted goals and steps in specific IT areas. We can talk about a fairly high level of digitalization of services and services, both at the level of ministries and local state and commercial institutions, and this level is constantly increasing.

Programs have also been launched to support R&D and create its own production facilities for the production of microelectronics. However, to achieve technological independence, closer interaction between the state, business and scientific institutions is required, "said Vasily Demidov.

It is worth noting that there is also an opinion on the market that barrage measures for parallel imports could be a good help for Russian vendors and manufacturers.

At the moment, Russia has launched the production of a number of products, the production of which is carried out completely within the country, including the stages of development, design and assembly. This applies mainly to products with a lower level of technological complexity or specially designed for the needs of the domestic market. Many companies today carry out an almost complete cycle of production of computer and server equipment, with the exception of the use of a foreign microelectronic base.

In 2025, we can state with confidence that the production of server equipment has been fully established in Russia, "said Alexey Pankov, head of sales at OpenYard.

If we talk about server equipment, then almost any element that is part of it, with the exception of microelectronics, can be produced or already produced in Russia, be it a server platform, motherboard, razers, backplanes, network cards, power supplies, memory, disks, etc., said Vasily Demidov, head of the Registered Equipment "DataRu Technologies."

You need to understand that having a much smaller sales market and less hours worked and errors detected, there is great potential for improving the price/quality ratio of such solutions. If we take the segment of DSS and network equipment, where software and its compatibility with hardware carry great value, then there is an increase in domestic vendors and products offered by them, but the lag behind foreign analogues is much higher, "the expert noted.

In the PAC segment, full-fledged assembly plants are successfully functioning. Russian companies have their own tools and capabilities for the production of the necessary components. Anton Karasev, Technical Director of Skala^r, believes it is important to note that the full cycle is implemented in the PAC segment, and not in individual hardware components.

We will remind, on February 19 at the TAdviser conference "Import substitution 2025: real experience," Alexey Zabrodin, technical director of the cloud operator of data centers RTK-DPC, spoke about the company's experience in replacing imported ICT solutions with domestic ones. RTK-DPC has already counted about 40 server manufacturers on the market, noticed the emergence of choice in the segment of Russian laptops. Alexey Zabrodin noted that it will not be possible to replace DSS at high loads and good functionality yet.

Understanding the wording "full production cycle" as a chain of actions starting with the development of a product and ending with its production, we can say that for all categories of computer products such cycles have been mastered, but the level of value added is still low. This opinion was expressed by Andrei Shulga, technical director of Sila.

Andrei Vinokurov, Head of Business Development for Infrastructure at Krayon, recalled the nuances of the wording "full production cycle":

The registry contains all "Russian" made equipment, but it uses central processors and controller chips - developed by the United States, and manufactured by Taiwan. "

In this regard, the expert noted the achieved level of autonomy in the production of cable systems and, in part, engineering infrastructure.

Dmitry Petrov, head of the product management department of the X-Com Group of Companies, believes that at the moment there are no full-cycle production facilities in Russia in its classical sense, but there are manufacturers who are engaged in high-tech assembly, including applying components to the board:

We can already make individual expansion boards, but not yet fully. At the same time, the production volumes of such components are already very decent, and the price of products has already begun to go down. "

As Tatyana Mikhailichenko, Commercial Director of CESCA, said, the full cycle is characterized by the use of mainly localized production facilities, including design development, component production, assembly and testing.

The most striking, according to her, in the Russian Federation are the following areas: hardware cryptographic modules, key storage media; means information protection based on Russian encryption standards; servers based on domestic processors; onboard computers and control systems for civilian and military; transport navigation systems based on; and GLONASS; routers switchboards operating systems based on; Linux office software packages; onboard computing systems and specialized processors for military needs.

However, even these areas may contain imported items such as specialized equipment or raw materials. In high-tech products (for example, processors, graphics cards), a full cycle has not been achieved due to technological dependence on foreign equipment and materials. Complex products, such as smartphones or high-performance servers, are still produced using a large number of imported components, "said Tatyana Mikhailichenko.

The shortage of qualified personnel remains one of the key challenges for the industry. It was possible to quickly launch replacement processes thanks to the accumulated expertise during the work of international vendors in Russia. Foreign colleagues brought up good teams of businessmen, presale engineers, architects and service engineers. However, R&D and manufacturing as processes have never been localized by international companies. Therefore, in these areas, personnel shortages are especially acute: from managers to operationists. Many choose the path of nurturing their own personnel, but this takes time and huge resources.

In 2023-2024 educational programs aimed at training specialists in the field of microelectronics, programming and engineering were actively developing. There is also an influx of specialists from related industries, which partially solves the problem. However, long-term success requires the creation of a continuing education system, including retraining and continuing education programs. An important step was the opening of new R&D centers and technology parks that attract young specialists and promote innovation.

Training requires active collaboration between IT manufacturers and educational institutions.

At the stage of curriculum formation, it is important to lay specialized disciplines that meet current market requirements. From the second year, you can select promising students, helping them to navigate in the directions that will be in demand in the next 5-10 years. This approach gives tangible results.

For example, thanks to cooperation with partners from universities, over the past three years, CESCA has employed more than 300 young specialists, many of whom are now developing hardware solutions for computing.

IT Holding T1 develops cooperation with universities and invests in the training of young specialists. The task of the business is to create attractive conditions in the labor market.

Skala^r actively cooperates with leading Russian universities, creates its own engineering schools and organizes internships. Particular attention is paid to training the customer's specialists for their professional preparation for the operation of the solutions being implemented.

OpenYard works comprehensively with the project of the competence center on the basis of the production complex in Ryazan, which helps to accumulate the knowledge and experience of all teams of the company for the training and development of young personnel.

According to Andrei Shulga, technical director of Sila, the shortage of qualified engineers who have "stuffed cones" on the creation of new models of computer equipment is obvious to all market participants:

A ready-made bundle of circuitry-and-topologist with real experience in developing modules containing high-grade data transmission circuits can be searched for up to six months. And when do you need more than one team? The main recipe is to raise and hold. "

According to the expert, a less obvious approach is to introduce a culture of open communities and exchange expertise and results so that companies overcome difficulties together, and not one by one. But in Russia, this is not yet accepted.

The severity of the issue is due to the fact that no one has been involved in the development of personnel resources in the country for several decades, says Dmitry Petrov, head of the product management department of X-Com Group of Companies:

Until some time there remained a narrow circle of age specialists who studied in the Soviet Union, but then this generation left, but a new generation did not come in return. The result is a strong shortage of professionals of almost all specialties involved in the development and creation of high-tech devices. There are very few specialists, and they are very expensive. "

The prospects for import substitution of computer equipment for 2025 are assessed positively. The growth of the domestic equipment market, which manifested itself in 2024, will continue in the coming years.

Domestic manufacturers of infrastructure software are increasing their capacities and, in terms of volumes and the quality of product maturity, portfolios of solutions of key Russian vendors already meet world standards and meet business requirements.

In addition to pressing issues on import substitution, in a few years the companies will have to update the equipment, as well as scale the infrastructure due to the widespread digitalization of business processes.

It is expected that the degree of localization of production will continue to grow. Even more companies will switch to domestic solutions.

The public sector has long begun an active movement towards replacement. The commercial segment is often indecisive in this regard, but there is progress.

Business preferences will be on the side of manufacturers offering optimal solutions in price and quality with transparent delivery and technical support from the vendor or authorized partner.

In the future, an iterative increase in the share of value added by the domestic real sector of the economy as part of the final localized products seems realistic.

However, achieving technological independence will require significant investment in the development of production capacity and human resources, time and market consolidation.

It is most likely that in the future several large players with their own production and high-quality support will remain on the market, plus a dozen niche players using OEM or contract production.

You can't just dismiss the hypothetical scenario with the advent of a supergiant manufacturer based on state monopoly or a large holding that will oust the rest of the players from the market and remain in the singular. This scenario will be very difficult for all participants in the IT market, but it is likely, since the IT segment has already attracted the attention of the largest corporations ready to make serious investments.

Obviously, no matter what changes take place on the global political stage, the requirements for IT security and IT independence of public sector enterprises and strategically important companies in the commercial segment will remain, and Russian products will be in demand, "said Vasily Demidov, Head of Registered Equipment" DataRu Technologies. "

According to the expert, the current trend towards tightening norms for the recognition of domestic products will clearly continue, which may change the current situation with an extensive increase in the number of vendors, and we will see a picture of the intensive development of the industry. In other words, the number of players in this market will decrease, less competitive companies will be absorbed, but the rest will be able to more fully develop the product ecosystem.

Tatyana Mikhailichenko, commercial director of CESCA, believes that dependence on foreign technologies will continue. Localization opportunities will improve, but a complete transition to domestic components is not expected in the coming years.

Promising Russian developments should go beyond existing paradigms and established rules. You cannot rely on those technologies and methodologies that are already widely used. It is necessary to create your own solutions from scratch, completely new and independent, having nothing to do with standard approaches and components applied around the world, "the expert said.

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• Register of Industrial Products Produced in the Russian Federation
  
• Unified Register of Russian Radio Electronic Products
  
• Register of Telecommunication Equipment of Russian Origin (TORP)
  
• Import substitution in Russia
  
• Import substitution of software in Russia 2024. TAdviser Overview
  
• Import substitution in the field of information security
  
• Russian information security market 2024. TAdviser Overview
  
• Import substitution of software in the public sector
  
• Digitalization of the public sector 2024. TAdviser Overview
  
• Import substitution of information technologies in industry
  
• Overview Digitalization of Industry 2024
  
• Import substitution of information technologies in banks
  
• Review of the Russian banking digitalization market: import substitution, artificial intelligence and own ecosystems