Main article: Human body
Three stages of wound healing
Hemostasis (coagulation)
Within minutes of the injury, platelets in the blood begin to attach at the site of the injury. Platelets are activated and glued together. As a result, blood clots form that block damage to blood vessels, preventing further bleeding.
Inflammation
During this phase, damaged and dead cells are cleaned out, along with pathogens and their fragments. This occurs through the phagocytosis process, where white blood cells absorb these biological objects. See Macrophages for details.
Proliferation (new tissue growth)
At this stage, new blood vessels are formed, connective tissue grows and active division of the organ cells occurs until it is fully healed.
Catalase enzyme or why does hydrogen peroxide foam on the wound?
In human cells, there is an enzyme catalase, the function of which is the decomposition (and, accordingly, removal) of peroxides. Peroxides are formed during normal functioning, but they are able to damage the cell, so the body has adapted to decompose peroxides, and above all hydrogen peroxide.
When injured, some part of the cells are destroyed, and catalase comes out. It reacts with hydrogen peroxide, resulting in water and oxygen in the form of a gas, which gives foaming. In medicine, this feature of our body is actively used, since when foaming, the wound is better cleaned of dirt that gets into it.
But, by the way, the contact of peroxide and a small amount of human blood.
Technologies for wound healing
2024
World's first surgical stapler for stomach resection launched
On August 21, 2024, the American company Teleflex announced the release of the Titan SGS tool, the world's first surgical stapler designed specifically for bariatric surgery. In particular, the device is suitable for performing sleeve gastroplasty operations. Read more here.
Electric wound healing patch released
In mid-August 2024, a team of American and Korean researchers announced the development of a new type of patch called WPED (Water-Powered Electronics-free Dressing), designed to accelerate the healing of wounds using electric current. Moreover, such a smart dressing is activated by ordinary wetting with water. Read more here
In Moscow, for 460 million rubles, launched the production of "live leather"
On August 20, 2024, it became known that the company "Akrus Biomed," a resident of the special economic zone (SEZ) "Technopolice Moscow," organized the production of "live leather" at the "Pechatniki" site. Investments in the project amounted to 460 million rubles. Read more here.
Russian scientists have created an LED device for the treatment of various wounds
NRNU MEPhI has developed a therapeutic LED device designed to disinfect wounds. The university announced this on August 9, 2024. Light irradiation promotes not only disinfection of the wound, but also tissue regeneration. Read more here.
In Kostroma, the production of unique hemostatic products began. They are 3D printed
To Kostroma In July 2024, the production of hemostatic harnesses with a mechanism for fixing the application time began. A feature of these products is their manufacture using technology, 3D printing which allows you to quickly produce the necessary components. More here
Bracelet for stopping bleeding from radial artery released in Russia
In mid-July 2024, the Russian company Newman Technologies announced the development of a special bracelet to stop bleeding from the radial artery. A device called NewMan (NEW MANner of artery compression - a new way of compression of the artery), according to the creators, is more efficient and cheaper than foreign analogues. Read more here.
A gel for bone regeneration was created in Russia. They can treat bullet and shrapnel wounds
A gel capable of restoring bone tissue has been developed in Russia. This was announced on May 18 by TASS. Read more here.
How wounds heal. The principle of operation of the key mechanism is disclosed
On March 28, 2024, Australian researchers at Monash University reported the discovery of a key wound healing mechanism. It is assumed that in the future this discovery will allow the introduction of new regenerative medicine methods that provide higher efficiency.
Scientists say that as a result of aging or in the case of a number of diseases, such as diabetes, the wound healing process deteriorates. One of these conditions is the so-called diabetic foot - a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, in which non-healing ulcers form on the legs. The cost of treating poorly healing wounds is estimated at $250 billion per year. The new technology is designed to solve existing problems.
The researchers found that during the wound healing process, the ends of sensory neurons grow into damaged skin and muscle tissues, binding to immune cells through the neuropeptide CGRP (calcitonin gene related peptide). It turned out that this neuropeptide acts on immune cells, controlling them and thereby promoting tissue repair after injury.
Sensory neurons are crucial for the spread of CGRP, the study says. Specifically, selective removal of such neurons in mice reduces CGRP and significantly impairs skin wound healing and muscle regeneration after injury. In contrast, administration of a modified version of CGRP to rodents with neuropathy similar to that seen in diabetic patients results in rapid tissue repair and muscle regeneration.
 | Using neuro-immune interactions, experts are striving to develop innovative therapies that will eliminate one of the main causes of tissue healing disruption and give hope to millions of people, says Mikael Martino, a participant in the study.[1] |  |
Surgery without scars: "Live" skin began to print directly on the wound
On March 1, 2024, American researchers from the University of Pennsylvania announced the development of a new technology that allows printing "live" skin directly on the wound. In this case, it is possible to reconstruct the cover without scars. Read more here.
Presented a Russian device for the treatment of wounds by vacuum and electricity
The Novosibirsk State University (NSU) has developed a vacuum aspirator for healing wounds and burns. The university told about this in February 2024. Read more here.
Nanomaterials for the healing of all types of wounds have been developed in Russia
In December 2023, Sechenov University spoke about the development of a new type of biomedical devices based on nanomaterials for wound healing. To implement this project, the Russian Scientific Foundation provided a grant, the size of which is not called.
As noted by the doctor of medical sciences, professor of the Sechenov University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and project manager Ekaterina Silina, whose words are quoted by the press service of the university, by the end of 2023, many drugs have been created for wound healing, but the percentage of unsatisfactory results in the treatment of acute and especially chronic wounds remains high.
| | Existing drugs on the market, unfortunately, are not universal or even optimal in wound healing processes at all stages of treatment. Therefore, the issues of antibiotic resistance and bacterial films are acute. In order to solve this non-trivial problem, a unique team was assembled in which doctors, chemists, physicists, pathophysiologists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, microbiologists, histomorphologists and other specialists work, the professor noted. | |
According to her, the initiative of Sechenov University involves the creation of new wound healing agents that will exceed the effectiveness of registered drugs on the market, while they will have a complex of regenerative, redox-active and antimicrobial effects.
Scientists are set to release at least two new medical devices to heal acute and chronic wounds based on rare earth metal nanocrystals with variable valence. The developments are suitable for patients with superficial and deep skin injuries caused by chemical, thermal, mechanical and radiological aggression, as well as chronic ulcers accompanying the course of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, post-thrombophlebitic disease and other somatic pathologies.[2]
2023
Presented "Fabric pistol" 2.0 with ergonomics changed for the tasks of the medical staff
MISIS University together with FGBU "GWKG named after N. N. Burdenko" of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, LLC "Koleteks" and the company "3d Bioprinting Solutions" presented the "Fabric Pistol" version 2.0 - an autonomous manual device for simultaneous processing, treatment and closure of wounds. It can be used both at the stages of medical evacuation, starting with the 2nd level of medical care for the wounded, and in civilian conditions. This was announced on August 22, 2023 by representatives of MISIS University. Read more here.
An implant sponge is presented to stop internal bleeding
On June 28, 2023, American researchers from the Terasaki Biomedical Innovation Institute (TIBI) announced the development of an implantable sponge designed to stop internal bleeding. Read more here.
In Russia, they created patches with blood cells for accelerated wound healing
On July 7, 2023, Russian researchers from the University of MISIS and the Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology (a branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the SB RAS) announced the creation of new bioengineering structures that accelerate wound healing. Read more here.
Special bandages for cancer treatment began to be printed on a 3D printer
On June 6, 2023, Canadian researchers at Waterloo University reported on the development of an innovative dressing designed to improve the process of tissue repair after burns. In addition, the device can be used for drug delivery during therapy of malignancies. Read more here.
A laser complex for bloodless stitching of wounds has been created in Russia
Specialists from Sechenov University, MIET National Research University and OKB Bulat LLC have developed a device for bloodless operations. This became known in early June 2023. Read more here.
Russian scientists have created nanofibers for antiseptic wound dressings
Scientists from MISIS University and the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology have created a fiber for antiseptic wound dressings, which will avoid complications in patients in the postoperative period. This was announced on May 31, 2023 by Zdrav.Expert representatives of MISIS. According to them, ultra-thin threads were obtained from various polymers by electrospinning. Read more here.
Smart seam threads have been created that recognize and suppress inflammation
On May 16, 2023, US researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) reported the development of smart surgical threads that, in addition to their main function, can recognize the appearance of foci of inflammation. Read more here.
Smart bandages developed that diagnose diseases right on wounds
In mid-April 2023, researchers from Linköping University in Sweden announced the development of an innovative wound dressing that allows you to quickly detect signs of infection and change the course of therapy accordingly. Read more here.
A gelatin-based surgical sealant has been created that heals internal organ wounds. Video
On March 29, 2023, researchers at the Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation in Los Angeles reported on the development of an advanced gelatin-based surgical sealant. The material is designed to accelerate the healing process of internal organ wounds.
Sealing internal cuts and damages is a difficult task. This is due to the peculiarities of the structure and functioning of the body. The slippery surfaces of the internal fabrics require that the composition used has good adhesion. Moreover, many organs, such as the lungs, constantly move, which makes sealing difficult. However, the application of traditional sutures and staples takes time, which can lead to tears or blood loss.
To address these challenges, researchers are developing new surgical sealants that can work effectively even in the most challenging conditions. Because these substances must be biodegradable and biocompatible, many technologies rely on the use of natural materials such as gelatin, which is derived from animal collagen. But in this case, difficulties arise in providing the necessary coupling and strength characteristics.
Specialists from the Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation managed to bypass the restrictions thanks to the use of coffee acid. This substance contains catechol, a compound that binds to portions of gelatin and improves its adhesion. Scientists have shown that the material based on gelatin and coffee acid demonstrates improved adhesion qualities and strength, and therefore can be used to heal complex injuries to internal organs. Researchers claim that the new type of sealant "has demonstrated impressive effectiveness," including when applied to lung wounds.[3]
The first "tissue pistol" stitching wounds with biopolymers was printed in Russia
The University of MISiS presented the first "tissue pistol" in Russia, which can stop bleeding and trigger regenerative processes in light and moderate injuries. This was announced on April 5, 2023 to Zdrav.Expert by representatives of NUST MISIS. The device created in the REC of Biomedical Engineering NUST MISiS is designed for operation in military field conditions and in the emergency zone. Read more here.
Peter the Great Polytechnic scientists have created material that can quickly heal wounds
The scientific group of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University has created biocompatible material that accelerates the healing of complex soft tissue lesions and affected skin areas in the treatment of chronic wounds. The university announced this on March 24, 2023. Read more here.
An electronic bandage has been developed that accelerates wound healing and dissolves in the body after use
Northwestern University on February 22, 2023 announced the development of the first electronic bandage of its kind, which can speed up wound healing by about a third. Read more here.
Microneedle bandage introduced that can quickly stop bleeding
At the end of January 2023, the University of Pennsylvania (USA) presented a bandage with microneedles, which can quickly stop bleeding. The device received an array of biodegradable and biocompatible microneedles made using gelatin-methacryloyl biomaterial. Read more here.
A device for draining purulent cavities has been created in Russia
Specialists of Penza State University (PSU) have developed a multi-layer drainage tube with replaceable parts, which allows you to speed up wound healing and reduce hospital stay. The Ministry of Education and Science spoke about this development on February 6, 2023. Read more here.
2022
Smart dressing to control wound healing introduced
In early December 2022, a wireless smart dressing was introduced that combines advanced electronics with a developed hydrogel, promises to speed up tissue repair by simultaneously monitoring the healing process and treating the wound. Read more here.
A new medical glue has been created in Russia. It doesn't irritate the skin
In September 2022, it became known about the creation in Russia of a new medical glue that irritates the skin. We are talking about the development of specialists from the North-Eastern Federal University and the Institute of Mechanics of Metal Polymer Systems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Read more here.
ITMO created web-based material for wound healing after surgery
On July 12, 2022, ITMO representatives announced the creation of a wound healing material based on spider silk - it can be used as threads for suturing after operations. In addition, the development will help doctors quickly track possible wound infection after surgical manipulation. The material is safe for the human body. Read more here.
In Russia, created a bracelet to stop bleeding after intravascular operations
In June 2022, it became known about the creation of a bracelet in Russia to stop bleeding after intravascular operations. The device was called Newman (NEW MANner of artery compression). Read more here.
Flexible electric patch created for rapid wound healing
On April 20, 2022, the Terasaki Biomedical Innovation Institute Collaborative Group reported that it has developed a "smart" flexible electric patch (ePatch) that fully addresses the challenges posed by using existing electric field stimulation devices and has many unique benefits. Read more here.
Gel entered the market, stopping blood when applied to a wound in a few minutes
On April 12, 2022, New York-based medical hemostatic technology company Cresilon launched a plant-based hemostatic gel that can very quickly stop bleeding when applied to a wound. Read more here.
Smart bandages for wound healing have been created in Russia. They are 4 times more efficient than analogues
In April 2022, it became known about the creation of smart dressings in Russia for rapid wound healing. We are talking about universal wound healing coatings of prolonged action based on biopolymers developed at Dubna State University. Read more here.
World's first smartphone-connected device to monitor wound healing released
In early March 2022, Swift Medical released the Swift Ray 1 device, which wirelessly connects to a smartphone camera and captures comprehensive clinical data to better assess, treat and monitor skin and wound conditions. Imaging allows accurate clinical data for each patient, and the device itself is placed in the palm of the person, which makes the medical service available anywhere from medical institutions to home conditions. According to the developers, this is the world's first device of its kind. Read more here.
2021
Smart bandage that transmits medical indications to a smartphone
At the end of October 2021, a smart bandage was presented that transmits medical indications to a smartphone. The novelty contains a sensor that can very sensitively measure the level of wound moisture, and then transmit data to the user's mobile device. Read more here.
Human Skin Cell Remedy Released for Burn Healing
In mid-June 2021, the biopharmaceutical company Mallinckrodt introduced StrataGraft from human skin cells to treat adults with thermal burns. The agent includes allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts suspended in mouse collagen and can be used for deep burns that usually require surgical treatment. Read more here.
Evrazpharm invests tens of millions in the production of medical devices for wound healing in the Dubna SEZ
On January 26, 2021, it became known about the plans of Evrazpharm LLC to implement a project on the territory of the Dubna special economic zone (SEZ) for the production of innovative highly effective medical devices, namely, a local spray for wound healing. Read more here.
2020
3M has released a system for healing numerous wounds
In early December 2020, 3M introduced a new Prevena Restor system for healing multiple wounds under negative pressure. This system can be applied for up to 14 days with a dressing change every 7 days. At the same time, the included disposable bandages are available in both small and large sizes, which allows you to protect the affected soft tissue around the wound and use the system with a large number of injuries. Read more here.
Mesh for healing wounds after breast surgeries goes on sale in 1 year
At the end of September 2020, the company Surgical Innovation Associates introduced DuraSorb resorbable meshes for wound healing after operations. They provide mechanical support and support in the first months of healing formations and scarring, thereby preventing many postoperative complications. At the same time, the mesh material gradually resolves and a year after the operation leaves no traces. More. here
Sales of accelerated wound healing devices begin in Russia
On July 20, 2020, Rostec announced the upcoming sales of a device for accelerated wound healing and treatment of joint and vascular diseases. We are talking about the modernized device "Tera Fot," which is produced by the Schwabe holding, which is part of the state corporation. Read more here.
Healing hydrogel
The healing hydrogel consists of water, gelatin, a mixture of proteins and some other chemistry, which allows its structure to be as close as possible to the structure of human connective tissues. When ultraviolet light falls on the gel, it thickens and hardens, sticking to the wound, which stops bleeding. And judging by the video below, where the liver is pierced, this takes only 20-30 seconds. In addition, the hydrogel withstands blood pressure up to 290 mm Hg, which is much higher than normal. Read more here.
2019: Scientists test device for rapid wound healing, trophic and diabetic ulcers
On June 24, 2019, it became known that scientists and doctors at Sechenov University, together with representatives of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, developed a wound healing device based on the modified Plason plasma-chemical apparatus. The device that generates a cold flow of gas that contains nitric oxide (NO) is undergoing experimental testing as of June 2019 and will be implemented in clinical practice. Read more here.
2017: Roselectronics unveils accelerated wound healing technology
In September 2017, the combined holding "Roselectronics" (part of the State Corporation Rostec) presented the first operating sample of the accelerated wound healing apparatus manufactured on the basis of NPP "Radio Communication." The device vacuumizes and sanitizes wounds and surgical sutures, reduces the inflammatory process and speeds up their healing by 3 times. Read more here.
Notes
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