Moscow Metro

Main article: Transport in Moscow

Mobile application "Moscow Metro"

Main article: Moscow Metro (mobile application)

Metro in the suburbs

Metro in Mytishchi

Main article: Metro in Mytishchi

Performance indicators

2023: Losses - 30.65 billion rubles

In 2023, the Moscow Metro network raised 180.76 billion rubles against 167.66 billion rubles a year earlier. Net losses of the enterprise decreased from 31.56 billion to 30.65 billion rubles. This is evidenced by the data of the Kontur. Focus service, which TAdviser got acquainted with in October 2024.

It follows from these materials that the cost of sales of the Moscow Metro State Unitary Enterprise in 2023 increased to 203.5 billion rubles from 191.25 billion rubles in 2022. Gross loss decreased from 23.59 billion to 22.74 billion rubles. Accounts payable increased from 22.82 billion to 27.28 billion rubles, accounts receivable - fell from 7.52 billion to 7.28 billion rubles.

Moscow Metro

For 2023, the metro cash flow from the sale of services and goods at the end of 2023 amounted to 92 billion rubles. Another 101 billion rubles - budget subsidies.

These funds are not enough to cover the operating costs of the metro, writes Forbes. Almost 103 billion rubles are spent on personnel remuneration alone.

The metro's investment program - opening new stations and purchasing trains - is also funded from the budget. In 2023, the company spent almost 239 billion rubles on this.

Chairman of the Union of Passengers of Russia Kirill Yankov told MSK1.RU that public transport should not pay off, because it has other functions.

The Met is not a business story, although there may be elements of the business. This is about the fact that public transport performs functions defined by law. That is, a socially important story, "Yankov explained. - There is no concept of station payback. Not all subways pay off at current costs. If the public transport payment system is not subsidized, then we will only have commercial routes that will not run after 9 evening.[1]

History

2024

12 new stations, 28 km of lines. Sobyanin spoke about development in the coming years

In 2025-2027, 12 new metro stations and 28.4 km of lines will appear in Moscow. In addition, two electric depots will be built. This was announced on October 17, 2024 by the mayor of the Russian capital Sergei Sobyanin.

According to him, one of the main tasks of megacities is to provide opportunities for comfortable movement around the city. As of 2024, about 13 million citizens live in Moscow, another 10 million people live in the Moscow region. So that people can freely get from one point of the city to another, a new transport frame is formed.

Sobyanin said that the construction of new stations will continue on the Troitskaya line - four of them will appear on the ZIL - Groundbreaking section. In addition, a new Rublevo-Arkhangelskaya branch will be created: it will house eight stations from the Shelepikha section to Ilyinskaya. The construction of the Biryulevskaya line, the Golyanovo station of the Arbat-Pokrovskaya line and the Dostoevskaya station will also take place.

Separately, the mayor of Moscow spoke about the construction of the Trinity metro line. So, as of mid-October 2024, the general construction readiness of the section with the stations "Krymskaya," "Akademicheskaya" and "Vavilovskaya" with a length of 7.1 kilometers (taking into account the stretch to the already introduced "Innovative") is 41%. The Krymskaya station is being built on the site between the tracks of the Moscow Central Ring and the residential quarter of the Donskoy District: it will have two ground vestibules. "Academic" with two underground lobbies will be located under Dmitry Ulyanov Street near its intersection with Profsoyuznaya Street and 60th Anniversary of October Avenue. The Vavilovskaya station is being built on the odd side of Leninsky Prospekt near the junction of Stroiteley and Panferov streets: the station will have one underground lobby.^[2]

Approval of the construction of the metro in the National Park "Losiny Ostrov"

In early October 2024, it became known that the extension of the Sokolnicheskaya metro line after the Rokossovsky Boulevard station was approved in Moscow. Within the framework of the project, geological surveys began on the territory of the Losiny Ostrov National Park.

It is assumed that the paths will go to the Yaroslavl highway and the Yaroslavsky district. The project provides for the construction of two new stations - under the conditional names "MGSU" and "Yaroslavskaya." The first, as expected, will be located inside the "Elk Island" (outside its official borders) on the territory of the former arsenal (the former artillery warehouse), the second - on the Yaroslavl highway, at the junction of Kholmogorskaya street.

Moscow will lay a metro in the National Park "Losiny Ostrov"

As noted by the MSK News resource, after the extension of the Sokolnicheskaya line, residents of the Yaroslavl district of Moscow will be able to use the subway. As of 2024, they are forced to ride buses and electric buses to the nearest metro stations "Botanical Garden" and "VDNH" or use electric trains of the Yaroslavl direction of the Moscow Railway.

At the same time, transport analyst Vladislav Bulgakov calls the project "transport madness." On the one hand, it will be possible to unload VDNKh and the Kaluga-Riga metro line, the Yaroslavl direction of the Moscow Railway and the Yaroslavl highway itself. But, on the other hand, in the event of an increase in the load on the Sokolnichesky line, a collapse may arise due to a sharp increase in passenger traffic.

{{quote 'The "Vykhino" effect will appear out of the blue - the cars will be packed. This is an illogical thing with all the ensuing ones. In the place of designers, I would think. This extension sounds crazy. But the goals, apparently, are good. And there is commercial interest. And in an amicable way, the branch must be extended towards Metrogorodok. But they don't really build new housing there, there are trams, "says Bulgakov, quoted by the MSK1.Ru resource. ^[3]

Opening of the 16th metro line - Troitskaya

On September 7, 2024, a new 16th metro line, Troitskaya, opened in Moscow. The first section of the line includes four stations: "Groundbreaking," "Peoples' Friendship University," "General Tyulenev" and "Tyutchevskaya." This stage of the project, with a length of 8.3 km, will significantly improve transport accessibility for residents of areas located in both Staraya and New Moscow. The opening of the line was an important step in the development of the Moscow transport infrastructure and will reduce travel time to the city center by 30-40 minutes.

According to the data published in the telegram channel of Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, all conditions have been created at the new stations for the convenience of passengers: modern turnstiles with the ability to pay for biometrics, terminals for selling tickets and intuitive navigation have been installed. Passenger transportation will be carried out by new trains "Moscow-2024," which are equipped with wide doors, air conditioning system, USB connectors and information screens, which makes travel more comfortable.

Each of the stations has a unique architectural design. The station "Innovative" is dedicated to the theme of "Moscow windows," which is reflected in the design of LED lamps and cash registers. The "University of Friendship of Peoples" is decorated in a style symbolizing international cooperation and youth spirit, and the walls are decorated with mosaics depicting students. The station "General Tyulenev" commemorates the hero of the Soviet Union and is decorated with a panel with his image. "Tyutchevskaya" is decorated with poems by the great Russian poet Fyodor Tyutchev, applied to aluminum panels.

The opening of this line, according to Sobyanin, will help residents of six districts of the city, including Obruchevsky, Konkovo and Teploy Stan. About 800 thousand people live within walking distance from new stations. The line will also unload other key transport arteries in Moscow, such as the Kaluga-Riga and Sokolnicheskaya lines, Leninsky Prospekt and Profsoyuznaya street.^[4]

3 new lines by 2030. Moscow approved a new plan for the construction of the metro

At the end of June 2024, it became known about a new plan for the development of the Moscow metro, according to which three new subway lines will appear in the capital by 2030. This project is intended to significantly expand the transport infrastructure of the city and improve the quality of life of Muscovites.

Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Transport Maxim Liksutov announced plans to open 39 new metro stations and nine stations of the Moscow Central Diameters (MCD) over the next six years. He stressed that rail transport is the main one for the capital due to the large margin of carrying capacity.

At the end of June 2024, it became known about the new plan for the development of the Moscow metro

The new metro development plan provides for the construction of the Troitskaya, Rublevo-Arkhangelsk and Biryulevskaya lines. These projects were announced by Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin back in February 2024. The implementation of these plans will allow millions of citizens to access rail frame stations in the immediate vicinity of their homes.

Over the past 13 years, 112 new stations have already been opened in Moscow by June 2024, and the metro network has grown 1.6 times. A significant achievement was the completion of the 70 km long Great Ring Line (BCL), which became the largest circular metro line in the world.

In parallel with the expansion of the metro network, rolling stock is being actively updated. The share of new trains reached 75%, and 30% more trains exit the line than before. Every year, Moscow buys about 300 of the latest cars, which made it possible to increase their share in the metro almost sixfold since 2010.

As part of the new metro development plan, it is planned to complete the renewal of rolling stock on the Zamoskvoretskaya line and begin replacing trains on the Lublin-Dmitrovskaya line. In addition, a new, more technological train "Moscow-2026" is being developed^[5]

2023

The number of metro stations in Moscow has doubled in 13 years

During 2011-2023, the number of metro stations in Moscow more than doubled. In addition, as part of the development of transport infrastructure, the Moscow Central Diameters (MCD) and the Moscow Central Ring (MCC) were launched. As of the end of 2023, 469 stations (39 stations of the Yaroslavl and Paveletsky directions) operate in the Russian capital. This is stated in the materials published in early June 2024.

It is noted that every year the rolling stock of the Moscow Metro is updated: since 2010, the share of modern generation trains has increased from 13% to 75%, and the average age of cars has halved to 12 years. At the same time, 100% of metro stations, MCC and Aeroexpress are available for payment by biometrics.

During 2011-2023, the number of metro stations in Moscow more than doubled

As a result of unprecedented work today [at the end of 2023], 430 metro stations, the MCC and the MCD were opened instead of 182 metro stations in the city. For 13 years, thanks to the construction of new lines in the metro, there are no overloaded tracks left, - reports the Official Portal of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow.

By 2030, 48 new metro and MCD stations are planned to be built in the Russian capital, increasing their number to 517. Three new metro lines will be opened - Troitskaya, Rublevo-Arkhangelskaya and Biryulevskaya. In addition, the connectivity of the cities of the Central Transport Hub will improve three times. It is expected that with the introduction of MCD tariffs in the Yaroslavl and Paveletsky directions, the number of trips in Moscow for them will increase by 3-4 times. Trains connecting Moscow with regional centers and the largest cities in Central Russia will run six times more often. After expanding the infrastructure of the subway, travel time per day will be reduced by 30-50%, or up to 35 minutes, for more than 800 thousand people. As a result of reconstruction and modernization, 125 MCD and MCC stations will meet the standard of the Moscow city station.^[6]

LTE network for unmanned trains launched in Moscow metro

The Moscow metro launched the LTE network, which will be used to operate unmanned trains. This was announced on April 7, 2023 by the Deputy Mayor of Moscow Maxim Liksutov.

According to him, the new cellular network began to operate on one of the sections of the Nekrasovskaya metro line in pilot mode. Two test base stations have been installed, but after the tests are completed, the network will be extended to the entire branch, on which 12 base stations will be installed by the end of 2023.

We have our own range of radio frequencies, which will allow us in the future, using the metro range, to move to unmanned control. My opinion is that for this the approximate period is about 5-10 years, - said Liksutov (quoted by TASS).

At the same time, the task of "removing the driver from the train" is not worth it, he noted. According to the deputy mayor of Moscow, technology must "step forward strongly" before unmanned trains can be equal in efficiency to drivers.

We, of course, are engaged in such technologies, but do not put this at the forefront... Unmanned control, in our opinion, in addition to technological progress, should have an economic effect, and, of course, security issues should be resolved. In order for all this technology to work, it is very important to have a dedicated radio communication channel, "he added.

Liksutov also said that on the Big Ring Line, all stations of which were opened on March 1, 2023, the Big Four mobile operators provide high quality communication, almost everywhere - the 4G standard, and the peak speed reaches 250 Mbps.

To test this network while in the closed circuit, we will attract about 100 passengers, distribute them special mobile phones with a card that support 5G, which is installed at the stations "Maryina Roshcha," "Rizhskaya," "Sokolniki," "Avtozavodskaya," "Nizhny Novgorod," - said the deputy mayor.[7]

Moscow metro received radio frequencies to control unmanned trains

Zamera, Moscow the head of the capital Department of Transportation Maxim Liksutov in early April 2023, said that the capital's subway received its radio frequencies, with which it is possible to control unmanned trains. According to him, the segment of this radio signal was received from the Moscow government. More. here

Putin and Sobyanin opened the world's longest circular metro line

On March 1, 2023, the president Russia Vladimir Putin and the mayor Moscow Sergei Sobyanin officially opened a full-fledged train service along the entire Big Ring Line (BCL) of the Moscow Metro. The commissioning of nine new stations of the northeast, east and south sections of the BCL was the final stage in the implementation of the world's largest metro construction project.

Today we are opening nine stations of the Big Ring Line of the Moscow Metro. This was the final stage of large-scale construction. Sergei Semenovich has repeatedly reported to me about how this construction is going. The new ring line is now fully operational and it has become available for travel over its entire length. I congratulate Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region on this wonderful event, - said Vladimir Putin at the opening ceremony.

In turn, the mayor of Moscow thanked him for his high assessment of the work of builders and the work of the city as a whole in the development of the transport system. He called the opening of the BCL a historical event for the capital.

This is the largest and most difficult project in the history of metro construction. This is the new heart of the transport system of Moscow, which unites the MCD, MCC, and metro lines into a single transport system and allows you to connect new metro lines, creating the future of the transport system, "said Sergei Sobyanin.

Vladimir Putin signed an updated scheme of the Moscow Metro, on which new stations of the Big Ring Line have already appeared. After that, the movement of trains throughout the ring was launched. It is reported that up to 35-45 minutes can be saved on many routes every day. For example, the travel time from the Rizhskaya station to Sokolnikov was reduced by 5.5 times (from 17 to three minutes). The path from Varshavskaya to Vnukovo airport has become twice as fast (40 minutes instead of 80).^[8]

Department of Transport: Moscow was the first in the world to reduce the interval of metro trains to 80 seconds

Moscow has reduced the interval of trains in the metro to a record 80 seconds. This was announced on February 18, 2023 by the capital's transport department.

Recently, the system was tested on domestic software in maximum load mode, and we managed to achieve the shortest movement interval between trains in the world - about 80 seconds, and confirm in practice the reliability and continuity of its operation, - quotes the deputy mayor Maxim Liksutov Telegram of the capital, the channel of Deptrans.

According to the ministry, this is the shortest interval of metro trains in the world. On the Ring Line of the Moscow Metro, thanks to the new automation of movement, trains replaced each other at stations faster than in the metro, and Paris Tokyo. Hong Kong Beijing This was achieved due to the fact that up to 45 trains ran on both tracks.

Now, at peak hours, the waiting time for trains in the metro has decreased by 6-10 seconds, and in the cars it has become freer thanks to 2.5 thousand additional seats, according to the capital's Department of Transport.

According to Liksutov, Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin instructed to pay attention not only to the development of a new, but also to the modernization of the existing metro infrastructure. As part of this work, at the beginning of 2023, a new microprocessor centralization was installed on the Ring Line, due to which the intervals between trains were reduced, additional passenger seats appeared and the reliability of the train control system increased, he said.

The new system on domestic software works stably and without interruptions at extreme loads - it was made with a margin to cope with the increase in the number of passengers, the Moscow Department of Transport and Road Transport Infrastructure Development said.[9]

2021

The largest metro ring in the world was closed in Moscow

At the end of 2021, the tunneling of the Big Ring Metro Line was completed in Moscow. Thus, the tunneling of the Big Ring Metro Line has ended, the largest metro ring in the world is closed.

Today, December 29, 2021, we completed a gigantic volume of work. 143 km of tunnels of the Big Ring Metro Line (BCL) - the largest metro ring in the world - wrote Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin in his blog.

According to him, more work is coming on the construction and decoration of stations, as well as the installation and commissioning of equipment, run-in of tracks, etc. The mayor stressed that in some areas the tunneling was carried out manually at a depth of up to 70 meters.

The BKL metro tunnel system is a symbiosis of classic single-track tunnels and new double-track tunnels of large diameter for the capital. The last BCL tunnel passed was a two-track distillation tunnel 1.2 kilometers long from the Nagatinsky Zaton station towards the Klenovy Boulevard station, the readiness of which by the end of December 2021 is 54%.

The head of JSC Mosinzhproekt"" Yuri Kravtsov noted that the use of 10-meter giant shields, which create double-track tunnels, saves time and labor. They are also used for construction tunnels under water or parks, where there are certain restrictions on the location of sites for the construction of additional connective structures or ventilation chambers.

At the BCL, shields were used to penetrate the site in the west, from Mnevnikov to Davydkovo. They also worked in the east of the line from Tekstilshchikov to the transition chamber between Maple Boulevard and Kashirskaya.

Earlier, the deputy mayor of the capital for urban planning policy and construction, Andrei Bochkarev, said that by the end of 2024 Moscow plans to complete the construction of 27 new metro stations, including the Rublevo-Arkhangelsk branch from Shelepikha to Ruble and Arkhangelsky.^[10]

A train with displays instead of windows appeared in the Moscow metro

On October 13, 2021, it became known about the appearance of a train in the Moscow metro, which has interactive displays instead of windows. Russia In addition to the capital, similar technologies are used in the Beijing and Shenzhen metro, according to the Telegram department's channel. transport Moscow More. here

2020

Plan to start trains with air disinfection system

Trains with an air disinfection system will be launched in the Moscow metro, the press service of the Department of Transport of the capital reports in August 2020

The supplier of the new rolling stock will be JSC Metrovagonmash. Until 2023, 1360 new cars will appear in the Moscow metro. The cars will move quieter and smoother, and will also be able to carry up to 2.2 thousand passengers at the same time.

Each car will be equipped with two climatic systems with ultraviolet disinfection function.

The technology allows you to destroy viruses and bacteria. In addition, the cars will be equipped with USB chargers, console LCD monitors will be placed under the ceiling to better inform passengers. And so that passengers already at the station know where the train is going, for the first time the cars will be equipped with wide external information boards on the sides.

Increase in the number of metro stations since 1991 by 84.56%

On April 28, 2020, information appeared that a rating of subways built in Soviet times was compiled, ranked by the number of stations built after the collapse of the USSR. This rating considers high-speed transport (subways and light rail systems), built in the cities of the former USSR in the Soviet period. In first place in terms of the number of metro stations, monorail and MCC built after the collapse of the USSR is Moscow with the number of stations equal to 275 (an increase of 84.56% since 1991). Read more here.

2019

Surge in amphetamine intake by metro workers

In 2019, within the framework of planned professional examinations in the metropolitan metro, the number of cases of drug intoxication of metro train drivers has sharply increased.

"The bill goes to dozens. People take amphetamines and other narcotic substances due to the excessive work schedule caused by the lack of employees. "

The topic is so serious that it is under the control of the metro security service and the Moscow FSB.

Another source from the transport department of the FSB confirmed the information from the Moscow metro.

According to him, the special services also record a sharp increase in the consumption of amphetamines and other drugs by drivers of the capital's taxi, truckers and couriers of postal services.

Plan to open 8 new metro stations outside the Moscow Ring Road

Eight new metro stations will be opened outside the Moscow Ring Road in 2019, the press service of the Moscow construction department said in January 2019 on Wednesday.

They noted that four stations will be opened as part of the Nekrasovskaya line - Nekrasovka, Lukhmanovskaya, Dmitrievsky Street, Kosino. Four more stations will appear on the territory of the "new" Moscow as part of the extension of the Sokolnicheskaya metro line: Filatov Meadow, Prokshino, Olkhovaya and Kommunarka.

The department recalled that in total in 2019 it is planned to build 14 new metro stations.

Earlier, Moscow Deputy Mayor for Urban Planning Policy and Construction Marat Khusnullin told Interfax that 41 metro stations are planned to be built in the capital from 2019 to the end of 2023.

"The

metro network development program for the coming years is large-scale and ambitious. By the end of 2023, 95% of Muscovites will have step access to the metro. For this, it is planned to build 99 km of lines, 41 stations and 4 electric depots for train maintenance, without taking into account the commissioning of this year, "said M. Khusnullin

.

2018

Metro Station Congestion Map

The volume of MegaFon's Internet traffic in distillation increased 14 times

On January 25, 2019, it became known that the capital's MegaFon analyzed the dynamics of Internet traffic in the Moscow metro. According to the operator, in 2018, passengers were more active on the Internet than a year earlier, and in the races, data traffic increased almost 14 times. And most of all gigabytes of data were pumped up at the Kurskaya station of the Arbat-Pokrovskaya line and in the stretch from Tula to Nagatinskaya.

In December 2018, the total volume of Internet traffic generated by MegaFon subscribers at Moscow Metro stations exceeded the same figure in 2017 by 91%. The growth of traffic in the distillates was even more significant - almost fourteen times (+ 1291.7%).

author '= Anton Pirogov, Operations Director of the Capital Branch of MegaFon ' Such an indicative upward trend is associated with an increase in 4G coverage in the Moscow metro. As of January 2019, LTE is available to MegaFon subscribers at all stations and in more than 60 distillations, in particular, at all distillations of Koltsevaya and Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya, as well as at the central sections of Sokolnicheskaya, Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya, Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya and Lublin-Dmitrovskaya lines. It is the ability to continuously access the network that allows users to spend more time online, which leads to the generation of traffic.

Traffic peaked on December 25, 2018, when 19.2% more data was transmitted than the daily average in December. This is due to an increase in passenger traffic: on December 25, the Moscow Metro recorded a record number of passengers in 2018.

The most "rocking" station of the Moscow metro at the end of 2018 Kurskaya the Arbat-Pokrovskaya line. In addition to it, the leaders in the volume of Internet traffic in 2018 included stations located within the Ring Line or directly on it. The exception was "Victory Park." Almost all traffic generating stations are interchange nodes connecting two or more metro lines (the exception is Sukharevskaya).

It is worth noting that in 2017 the rating was also headed by Kurskaya. However, over the year, the top 10 has undergone noticeable qualitative changes. So, he left "Chkalovskaya," "Aviamotornaya" and "Kievskaya" Filevskaya line, giving way to the "Komsomolskaya" Sokolnicheskaya line, "Sukharevskaya" and "Tverskaya."

Among the covered sections, the leaders in terms of data transmission in 2018 were the Tula - Nagatinskaya, Kievskaya - Culture Park and Serpukhovskaya - Tula sections. In general, passengers of the Koltsevskaya and Serpukhov-Timiryazevskaya lines, fully covered with MegaFon 4G, are the most actively using the Internet in the races. It is also interesting that, unlike the stations, the most "rocking" distillation was located not inside, but outside the "ring" (along with the distillation of the Ring line itself).

A new ticket system will appear in the city transport of Moscow

transport Moscow A new ticket system will appear in the city. It provides for the personalization of Troika cards and the ability to integrate with ticket systems in other regions. The new ticket system will handle more than 6 billion transactions per year. Read more here.

Chinese contractors began to build a section of the Moscow metro

The Chinese company China Railway Construction Corporation (CRCC) has begun tunneling the first tunnel in the metropolitan metro. This was announced in August 2018 with reference to the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Urban Planning Policy and Construction Marat Khusnullin by the portal of the city Construction Complex.

We are talking about the section between the stations "Aminyevskoye Shosse" and "Michurinsky Prospekt" of the Big Ring Line (BCL). The length of the crossing is about 1.5 km. The tunneling complexes necessary for laying the route were delivered from China, the message says.

According to Khusnullin, a contract was signed with the CRCC corporation for the construction of three BCL stations: Aminyevskoye Shosse, Michurinsky Prospekt, Prospekt Vernadsky, as well as tunnels between them. Contractors from China will perform only civil construction work, installation and testing of engineering equipment will be carried out by Russian specialists, the official said.

Recall that the total BCL involves the construction of 69 km of tracks, as well as 31 stations with 19 transfers. The city authorities plan to close the ring in 2022-2023.

Creation of JV together with Micron

On July 4, 2018, it became known that Moscow Metro and Micron created a joint venture on the basis of Micron Security Printing LLC, a competence center for transport projects of Micron Group of Companies. The corresponding agreement was signed in May 2018 after approval by the corporate bodies of the parties and approval of the transaction by the Federal Antimonopoly Service. Read more here.

Moscow announced a shortage of 20 thousand metro builders

The metropolitan metro is built by 50 thousand people, and the city is experiencing a shortage of another 20 thousand such specialists. This was announced in February 2018 on the air of Vesti FM radio by Moscow Deputy Mayor Marat Khusnullin. According to him, such a significant number is necessary "to maintain the pace and volume of construction of the metro."

In December 2016, in an interview with Vedomosti and Rossiyskaya Gazeta, Marat Khusnullin claimed that 35 thousand people were building the Moscow metro. Thus, over the year their number increased immediately by 43%. "We gather specialists from all regions and neighboring countries," the deputy mayor admitted (quoted by RIA Novosti).

Only 30% of Muscovites are involved in the construction of the metro, he added. The rest of the specialists work on a rotational basis on a 15-day shift. According to the deputy mayor, the salary of metro construction workers ranges from 45 to 60 thousand rubles, engineers - from 120 to 150 thousand rubles. and higher.

2017

Discussion of the construction of a second private station between Kozhukhovskaya and Pechatniki stations

A second private station may appear in the metropolitan metro. In November 2017, Maxim Vasiliev, head of the off-street transport department of the Moskomarchitecture, told Interfax about this in an interview. An infrastructure facility can be built on the existing Lublin-Dmitrovskaya line between the Kozhukhovskaya and Pechatniki stations. Recall that the first station - Myakinino - was built by Crocus GroupAraz Agalarov.

"A number of investors implementing their projects within the boundaries of the Yuzhny Port industrial zone announced their readiness to participate in the construction of a new station," Vasiliev explained. According to him, the department studied this issue and came to the conclusion that the placement of a new station is possible. "Now the word for investors," the official summed up.

With which companies negotiations were conducted, Vasiliev did not specify. However, with a high probability, AEON Corporation Roman Trotsenko was included in their number. The company intends to build in this area the residential complex "South Port" on the banks of the Moscow River. The project involves the construction of 400 thousand square meters. m of real estate on a plot of 25.8 hectares. Of these, almost 270 thousand square meters. m will occupy housing. According to the developer's official website, permits for the implementation of the project have already been received, and preparatory work will begin in December.

Construction plan for 106.2 km of lines and 49 metro stations in 3 years

In the capital, 106.2 km of lines and 49 metro stations will be built in the next three years. He writes about this with reference to the latest edition of the Targeted Investment Program in May 2017. Interfax"" According to the previous version of the AIP, the corresponding indicators were 89.9 km and 41 stations, respectively.

In particular, in the next three years it is planned to build a new Kozhukhovskaya metro line. It will run from the Aviamotornaya station to the Nekrasovka station in the eponymous district of Moscow. A section of the Third Interchange Circuit between the Nizhnyaya Maslovka and Delovoy Tsentr stations, part of the Kalinin-Solntsevskaya line from Ramenok to Rasskazovka, and a number of other stations will also be commissioned.

At the same time, the amount of funds allocated for these purposes has not been increased. As in the previous version of the program, it will amount to 507, 4 billion rubles. 997.2 billion rubles will be allocated from the capital's budget for the development of the transport system as a whole.

The Moscow metro launched a train with a through passage through the cars and USB sockets

 

In the Moscow metro on April 14, 2017, the operation of new trains "" Moscow developed by the plant "" began.Metrovagonmash

The first train began to run on the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya ("purple") metro line. In 2017, 33 new trains will appear on it.

Moskva trains accommodate 15 percent more passengers than previous series, they have extended doorways, and through passages are made between the cars. In addition, they are equipped with USB outlets.

Hackers published vulnerabilities in the Moscow metro ticketing system

At the beginning of 2018, at Pastebin^[11] a publication appeared - someone who called himself the "Che Burashka research group" posted a link to a description of vulnerabilities in the system for selling tickets for travel in the Moscow and Moscow region metro, developed by Microtech. According to the author/authors of the publication, Che Burashka is not a hacker group, and the nickname temporary^[12]

As unknown persons explained, the publication of the vulnerabilities is an action in support of Denis Kazmin and Yury Putin, who hacked the Troika card in 2015^[13]"We believe that the main source of Kazmin and Putin's problems is the unwillingness of the developer of turnstile software and hardware to recognize and eliminate vulnerabilities in their developments," Che Burashka said.

According to the publication of the "research group," most of the vulnerabilities discovered by Kazmin and other researchers in Microtech software and equipment have not been fixed. "The bugs have not yet been fixed and provide a ticket selling system vulnerability for attackers. Everyone can print tickets and ride for free, "the authors said.

According to Che Burashka, they thought for a long time how to present the security problems they discovered in the Microtech ticketing system. As a result, the researchers prepared an article and posted it for download on Mega file sharing. The hacking technique in the article is not fully described. However, if the vulnerabilities are not fixed in two or three months, Che Burashka threatens to publish all the details. "In order to print working tickets, a simple program for Windows or Linux, a laser printer and scissors are enough," the researchers assure.

2017

Development of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University for scanning passengers in the subway on the run

Russian scientists announced in May 2017 a new system for screening transport passengers. To prevent attacks and terrorist acts, but not paralyze movement, people will be scanned right on the run. The development belongs to engineers from the Laboratory of Remote Sensing of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman^[14].

This system will improve the effectiveness of security services. It will be useful for the metro, where stopping passengers for manual inspection is fraught with a crush, as well as for public events.

The device will "see" that a person is hidden under clothes. The technology is based on the combined use of a radar system and a three-dimensional optical sensor - a time of flight (ToF) camera). The data is read by the sensor, as a result, a radar image is formed. Even winter clothes will not become an obstacle to the system. Radiation from the device will not harm a person, scientists assure. It is one hundred times less than that of a mobile phone.

New anti-terrorist security rules after the terrorist attack in the metro of St. Petersburg

As a result of the terrorist attack in the St. Petersburg metro on April 3, 2017, 14 passengers and a suicide bomber were killed. On April 17, it became known about the detention of the alleged organizer of the terrorist attack. The Russian government, meanwhile, has issued new rules for the anti-terrorist security of subways. How are you planning to protect the subway from such incidents?^[15]

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 5, 2017 No. 410, approving the requirements of anti-terrorist protection of various categories of subways, was signed a day after the St. Petersburg terrorist attack. The document refers to the protection of stations, tunnels, electric depots, electrical substations and traffic control points. Now the management of each metro is obliged to appoint a person responsible for general security, as well as persons who will be responsible for each individual facility. In the subways, special transport security units should be formed, which will include rapid response groups.

All subways will have to submit information to the Federal Agency for Railway Transport, which will allow them to be divided into four categories of danger. Within three months after the agency posts information on the assignment of a category to the metro on its website, the metro management will have to assess the vulnerability of its facilities. And within three months after the assessment, a metro protection plan should be developed, which (depending on the category) will need to be implemented within one or two years. Information about the vulnerability of the subway and its protection plan will be considered secret.

Work related to transport safety should not involve persons with outstanding and unexplained criminal records; registered in psychological and narcological dispensaries; having other medical contraindications for such work, dismissed from state bodies on defamatory grounds; listed suspected extremists; recognized as unreliable during the audit by the internal affairs authorities; failed the necessary certification; who reported deliberately false information when hiring.

In each metro, special premises should be allocated for employees of the transport security unit, for the temporary storage of forgotten things and for the placement of checkpoints (including special rooms for personal inspection of passengers). It is also necessary to purchase equipment for recognizing faces and cars on the recording of CCTV cameras. In addition, subways must have equipment for recognizing the nature of events on video, to search for specific faces and cars. In general, a simple guard in front of the monitors is now impossible to do.

The rules also spell out special requirements for subways of each of the four categories. The requirements for the validity and content of employee passes have been established - it is indicated that in subways I and II categories of passes must be biometric. Special passes must also be issued for items and equipment that are imported into the metro.

All passengers, as well as entrepreneurs working at metro facilities, must be clearly informed about the rules of transport safety. For metro employees, exercises should be held regularly.

The Federal Agency for Railway Transport should be immediately informed about the change of the owner of the metro or the transfer of the right to use it. Also, the agency should be informed about the change in the structures of the metro and the procedure for its work. Of course, the agency needs to be made aware of the identified illegal interventions in the work of the metro.

If any additional points are made to the rules themselves, the management of all subways will have to conduct an additional vulnerability assessment within three months.

Noise level 80 decibels

Tracks at Moscow metro stations are gradually equipped with vibration protection elements using LVT technology. This was announced in February 2017 by the portal of the capital's construction complex. The use of the technology reduces the noise level from trains by about 10%: from 80 to 72 decibels.

LVT tracks have already been installed at seven new metro stations. These are Troparevo, Rumyantsevo and Salaryevo on the red branch, as well as Butyrskaya, Fonvizinskaya and Petrovsko-Razumovskaya on the salad. Similar work has been done at the Spartak station. Until the end of March, it will become a little quieter at six more metro stops. These are Vladykino, Planernaya, Sviblovo, Dynamo, Baumanskaya and Park of Culture (ring).

LVT technology involves the installation of special vibration-proof half-drops under the rails. They consist of concrete blocks on elastic gaskets laid in a rubber cover and then "embedded" in non-reinforced concrete. Since 2011, such half-poles have been produced in Syzran at the Russian Railways enterprise under license from the Swiss company Sonneville AG.

2016

Only 5 stations have been opened out of 14 planned

In total, in 2016, taking into account the Moscow Central Ring, about 70 km of rail transport was introduced in the city. As the head of the deputy mayor of the capital for urban planning policy and construction Marat Khusnullin said earlier, according to this indicator, the Russian capital is second only to Beijing, where 80 km of tracks are built annually. At the same time, only five of the planned 14 metro stations were opened.

"In terms of entering the three remaining stations on the Lublin-Dmitrovskaya line -" Okruzhnaya, "" Verkhnye Likhobory "and" Seligerskaya "and the next section of the Kalinin-Solntsevskaya branch from" Ramenok "to" Rasskazovka "in New Moscow immediately with seven stations:" Michurinsky Prospekt, "" Ozernaya, "" Tereshkovo, "" Solntsevo, "Borovskoye Shosse," Noveta "Khusperedelkino" and "Khusnovka. The construction of a section of the "yellow" branch from Victory Park to Ramenok with three stations: Ramenki, Minskaya and Lomonosovsky Prospekt is nearing completion.

In 2017, it is planned to build 15 new stations in Moscow and lay about 30 km of metro tunnels, Khusnullin told reporters at the end of 2016.

Moscow metro launches world's longest escalator

At the metro station "Park Victory" in Moscow at the end of 2016, the longest escalator in the world was launched. This was stated by the deputy mayor of the capital Marat Khusnullin, reports RT. The length of the escalator is almost 130 meters, its lower point is located at a depth of 68 meters.

FSB officers were able to carry the Shahid belts into the metro 50 times. Security only worked 4 times

On June 7, 2016, the media told about the uselessness of metal detectors in the Moscow metro by 72%^[16].

To work with the framework of detectors, not 3 thousand are needed, but 8 thousand people, noted the publication life.ru, and at 30 stations the design of detectors responds to trains. FSB officers 50 times were able to carry the "Shahid belts" into the metro, of which they were detained four times.

As the metro security officers told reporters, it is practically not possible to control passenger traffic in the metro: dozens of passengers pass through the metal detector frame per minute, and even if a security officer on a mini-computer sees a signal about a citizen's possible presence of weapons, he will not be able to squeeze to him through a continuous stream of people.

Passenger traffic at the Vykhino station in 2009 176.6 thousand people per day, after the extension of the purple line to Kotelnikov, the passenger traffic of Vykhino decreased by an average of 30 thousand people per day. But not everyone is placed on trains to the center, the metro service noted.

According to representatives of the RIMI Security Center (CJSC "Modern Science-Intensive Technologies" is a supplier of detectors and other security tools for the Moscow metro), now there are not enough inspectors in the "subway": according to the developed standards, in each of the 300 lobbies of the Moscow subway, five people should work in the shift. In reality, there are one or two of them. One inspector does not have time to respond to the human flow.

In 2015, inspectors checked almost 17 million people and 9 million pieces of luggage (2.4 billion people were transported in 2015). The metro security service confirmed the indicated figures for the shortage of employees: "if there is no one to look at, they are useless."

To staff the metro needs an additional 2 billion rubles annually. Then in each metro lobby there will be not one or two inspectors, but five, in accordance with the staffing schedule, and due to the lack of inspectors, they are pulled to work with X-ray drugs: there is an hour-long inspection plan for them.

The installation of the main part of stationary metal detectors was completed in 2015. At the entrance to the metro lobby, special equipment for suppressing radio links for controlling explosive devices works, inspection zones with X-ray installations have been created. The arsenal of the Security Council of the metro has portable detectors of vapors and explosives, devices for localizing and suppressing explosion energy, intelligent surveillance systems that allow you to control the movement of passengers - all this stood the federal budget in the amount of about 7.5 billion rubles.

Company contractor

CJSC "Modern Science-Intensive Technologies" was established in 2007 on a parity basis by Dmitry Basov and Alexander Zhitov. The idea is to equip the V.I. Lenin Metro with metal detectors in 2013 was expressed by the head of the Moscow Department of Transport Maxim Liksutov, Basov told the publication.

In 2013, the company won the tender of FSUE Moscow Metro, during 2014 1.5 thousand frame metal detectors were installed in 300 metro lobbies. All equipment has been tested in a special center, FSB the entire production cycle - in, Russia the share of imported components is less than 10%.

Despite this, the framework has risen in price several times: the cost of one stationary frame metal detector in 2014 is 50 thousand rubles, in April 2016 - 200 thousand rubles.

CJSC "Modern Science-Intensive Technologies" easily won formally open contests - thanks to a positive characteristic from the Federal Security Service. In November 2013, the Moscow Metro put up a tender for the supply of about 300 stationary frames for 38 million rubles: applications were submitted by Kazan Electrotechnical Plant OJSC, Export Import LLC, IRA PROM Production Group LLC, Network Solutions Company LLC.

On November 22, 2013, all participants were suspended from the auction for lack of approval from the 11th FSB Center. In the same month, a tender was announced for the supply of more than 1.2 thousand stationary frames for a total amount of almost 166 million rubles. Applications were submitted by OJSC Kazan Electrotechnical Plant and LLC Export Import.

On December 5, 2013, the competition did not take place: the companies were again withdrawn from the auction for lack of admission from the FSB. As a result, an agreement for the supply of 1.2 thousand frames for almost 65 million rubles was concluded with Modern Science-Intensive Technologies.

In August 2015, this company won a tender for the supply of 27 frames for 4.2 million rubles and a service contract (19 million rubles). In September 2015, SNT won a tender for the supply of its stationary frames for the needs of the St. Petersburg metro for 60 million rubles.

For installation in the Moscow, St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod metro, a stationary frame SmartScan C18 was chosen, which "feels" metal in 18 zones - the same systems will be used to ensure security in 14 stadiums that will take part in the 2018 World Cup.

After installing and launching the systems, unpleasant "nuances" appeared: the frames turned out to be too sensitive - they respond to keys, umbrellas, tablets and laptops. The frames themselves are staggered, close, so each of them "feels" the neighboring zone. If several people go through the framework, and even more so the crowd, it is impossible to understand who exactly they are responding to. The manufacturer indicated in the instructions: the distance between the installed frames should be more than 1 meter.

Technical and Operational Issues

Another problem manifested itself at 30 Moscow shallow stations, where the lobby practically lies on the tunnel - passing trains began to "fone" there. Frames operate on them at the same time, signaling with red light. This effect is observed, for example, on Babushkinskaya, Sviblovo, South-Zapadnaya, Voikovskaya, Vernadsky Avenue, Polezhaevskaya, 1905 Street, Oktyabrsky Pole, Shchukinskaya, Tushinskaya, Belyaevo, Skhodnenskaya. Paragraph 3 of the instructions for SmartScan C18 states that the frame cannot be installed near moving masses of metal and even more so - vehicles.

Experts doubt the benefits of the budget spending of the Moscow metro.

What kind of security are we talking about? This is all imitation and profanation. All this is a cunning way to withdraw colossal money from the national economy. Maxim Shingarkin, State Duma deputy

In his opinion, the issue of correcting incorrectly established means of inspection for terrorists is purely technical and is not even among the priorities. The rules of the Moscow metro prohibit carrying explosives and weapons, but allow, for example, a bucket of screws. Nails and screws will definitely ring on the framework, but no one will stop it, and this is the main filling for homemade bombs. The frames do not respond to explosives, so terrorists can separately carry components into the subway and assemble a ready-made bomb already at the station.

The deputy compares what is happening in this matter with the situation when the Moscow Metro ordered the development of video surveillance systems with the possibility of identifying persons - they spent a lot of money, but there was no sense and no sense. More about the projectSmart video surveillance system (IVVN) of the Moscow metro

No programs to date allow for reliable identification, even with a fixed position of the person's head. It is impossible to identify several million metro passengers - and even more so to understand which of them is preparing a terrorist attack - in principle. All countries of the world fighting terrorism, including Israel, have long established that terrorist attacks can only be prevented at the level of intent. We are talking about agent work. I made a request to the FSB, I was told that the department did not have a non-agency method for determining citizens' access to explosives. And any searches that are carried out without identifying the person being inspected are meaningless. Security officers cannot carry out anti-terrorist measures: inspect passengers and luggage, detain suspicious people. They can only turn a person into the street, but they can no longer prevent a terrorist attack. The Transport Security Act says a passenger who refused a search must leave the lobby area. Maxim Shingarkin

2014

2.49 billion trips per year or 8 million passengers per day

In 2014, the Moscow metro transported 2.5 billion passengers, and its load level corresponds to the level of the subways of the largest cities in the world, said the head of the Moscow metro Dmitry Pegov.

"In 2014, the Moscow Metro transported 2 billion 490 million passengers, and in terms of passenger flow, we are at the level of the largest subways in the world and correspond, in particular, to the passenger traffic of the Shanghai Metro. But we, unlike other subways in the world, have a very high traffic intensity and the interval is no more than 90 seconds during rush hours, "Pegov said at an expanded meeting of the Federation Council committee on regulations

.

He also said that on average, the Moscow metro carries 8 million passengers a day. "On December 29, 2014, we set a record and transported 9 million 700 thousand passengers per day. The occupancy rate in metro cars during "rush hours" is from 9.5 people per 1 sq. m, after the "rush hour" the occupancy rate decreases to 4.4 people per square meter, "Pegov said.

He also said that recently the number of trains on metro lines has been increased, so that during busy hours, metro cars are practically free.

Discussion with the Chinese on the construction of a metro line to New Moscow

In May 2014, Khusnullin announced that the Chinese China Railway Construction (CRC) was ready to build a metro line from the Street Novatorov station (Third Interchange Circuit) to the village of Kommunarka in the "new Moscow" in 3.5 years. "Now the cost of construction and the timing are being worked out. The Chinese say they are ready to build the line before the end of 2017, "the official said. According to him, there is also an assessment of the urban planning potential of the lands around the new line. "The investor must understand how much real estate he can build in the future in order to recoup his costs," the deputy mayor explained. As previously reported, during a recent visit of capital officials to China, the Moscow government signed an agreement on cooperation in the construction of a new 15 km metro line to Kommunarka with CRC.

2012

Insufficient ventilation in carriages

Despite the commissioning of modern air-conditioned trains, the problem of insufficient ventilation is still relevant. Passengers of the Moscow subway had a difficult time during the heat wave and smog in the summer of 2010, when smoke from fires near Moscow penetrated even into the metro. In total, it is necessary to replace outdated equipment at 103 ventilation shafts.

Plan for Construction of the Third Transfer Circuit (TPK) until 2020

In April 2012, it became known that the third interchange circuit of the Moscow metro with a length of 42 km will be built by 2020. This was announced at a meeting of the Moscow government by the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Urban Planning Policy and Construction Marat Khusnullin^[17]

According to the deputy mayor, this will unload the existing metro lines, and passengers will not necessarily get to the city center to switch to another line.

According to the program for the development of the construction of the Moscow Metro until 2020, the third interchange circuit will consist of the following stations:

Khoroshevskaya - Kuntsevskaya - Vernadsky Avenue - Kakhovskaya - Kashirskaya - Pechatniki - Nizhegorodskaya Street - Aviamotornaya - Sokolniki - Elektrozavodskaya - Nizhnyaya Maslovka.

It is assumed that in 2016. 9 stations of the new Kozhukhovskaya line will be built - from the Aviamotornaya station to the Nekrasovka station, as well as the northeastern section of the TPK from the Nizhnyaya Maslovka station to Aviamotornaya.

In 2017 it is planned to lay 3 stations of the Kalinin-Solntsevskaya metro line from Victory Park to Ramenki station and the eastern section of the third circuit from Kashirskaya station to Nizhegorodskaya street station.

In 2018 southwestern and southern sections of the TPK will appear - from the Prospekt Vernadsky station to Kuntsevskaya and from Kakhovskaya to Prospekt Vernadsky, respectively. In addition, this year the Technopark station of the Zamoskvoretskaya line will be built.

In 2019 it is planned to build 2 stations of the Zamoskvoretskaya line - to "Dybenko Street."

By 2020 a chord line will be laid along the Kaluga highway on the territory of Greater Moscow with stations in the Parliamentary Center and the Kommunarka district.

Work on the construction of 20 new metro stations

The mayor of the capital, Sergei Sobyanin, said that work is underway in Moscow to build 20 new metro stations. According to him, at the end of 2010, the city had neither projects, nor prepared sites, nor groundwork for the large-scale construction of the metro. In 2012, work is underway on nine metro lines with a total length of 45 km.

On February 7, 2012, at a meeting of the Moscow Government, the head of the Department of Transport and Development of Road Transport Infrastructure of the capital, Maxim Liksutov, noted that the volume of investment in the construction of the metro in 2012. will increase almost twice, while in 2011. they amounted to about 50 billion rubles, respectively, the pace of metro construction will increase.

Head of the Department of Transport and Development of Road Transport Infrastructure of the capital Maxim Liksutov added that in 2012. will:

• 8.5 km of new sections were built on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya, Kalininskaya, Zamoskvoretskaya metro lines,
• three new stations have been opened: Novokosino, Alma-Ata, Pyatnitskoye Shosse and the second exit of the Maryina Roshcha station,
• 373 new modern cars will be received,
• 72 ventilation units have been replaced,
• installed up to 1.5 thousand ticket machines at metro stations,
• work will continue to replace escalators^[18]

In addition, it is planned to move to a single ticket system on the public in transport Moscow and the region.

"Work will continue to create parking near metro stations. By the end of 2012 27 such parking lots for 7.6 thousand cars will be commissioned. The repair of 11 escalators at the Park Kultury, Medvedkovo, Babushkinskaya stations will be completed, work will begin on replacing nine escalators at the Krasnye Vorota station, "said Maxim Liksutov, head of the Department of Transport and Road Transport Infrastructure Development of the capital, on February 7, 2012.

In April 2012, Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Urban Planning Policy and Construction Marat Khusnullin said that in total until 2020. 150 km of new metro lines and 70 new stations will appear in the capital^[18]

2011: Plan to build 70 km of metro lines by 2015

About 600 km of new metro lines should be created in Moscow for the comfortable transportation of passengers, Ivan Besedin, head of the Moscow subway, told reporters on April 20, 2011. The Mayor of Moscow previously set the task of accelerating the pace of construction of the metro and building more than 70 km of lines by 2015. According to the General Plan for the Development of Moscow, the total length of the metro network in Moscow by 2025 should increase to 650 km^[19].

"Today there are further plans. Metro lines for a city such as Moscow should be created about 600 kilometers. This is a doubling of all lines of the Moscow metro so that this type of transport meets the needs of Muscovites, "Besedin said

.

He said that by 2020 it is planned to build more than 100 km of new lines, replace the entire rolling stock with a new one and "in parallel with this, create a new production base to service new working conditions." "This will improve the quality of the metro," Besedin emphasized.

Moscow Metro Development Scheme until 2020 (November 2011)

1998

1983: 8-car trains on the Zhdanovsko-Krasnopresnenskaya line

On September 27, 1983, trains of 8 cars began to run on the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line (then Zhdanovsky-Krasnopresnenskaya).

1965

1961

Year: 1961. By Sigurd Hilkenbach]]

1958: Paper tickets and their manual control at the entrance

1955

1955 g. Author A. Stolyarenko.]]

1953

1952

1950

1949

1947: Subway Station Layout

1940

Year: 1936-1940. Author: N. Kubeev]]

1939

1938: Invitations to closed subway shows

The first passengers were invited to closed shows in the subway as if it were an invitation to the theater.

Mostly these passengers were journalists who could write about the subway, about the successes of employees involved in the design of new structures in newspapers. It was also a convenient way to run the train and, as they were called at that time, moving stairs.

1937: Buffets and lotteries at subway stations

1935

1932

1918: Architect Sakulin's Metro Construction Plan

In 1918, the architect Sakulin presented his plan for the construction of the metro in Moscow, in 1922 - Bernatsky, and both of them already provided for the construction of ring lines. And not one, but two at once - along the Garden and Boulevard rings.

1902: First Ring Line Design

The first ring line of the Moscow Metro appeared on paper back in 1902, when it was presented by engineers Balinsky and Knorre - first to the Moscow authorities, and then to Emperor Nicholas II.

Their project was two large rings, one coming out of the other. In the future, several radial lines were to cut them.

The idea of ​ ​ a couple of engineers was almost approved, but in the end fell under the onslaught of lobbyists of the horse and tram.

See also

• Moscow - Smart City
• General Article Intelligent Transport Infrastructure (ITS) Russia
• Intelligent Transport System (Moscow)
• Navigation and Information Center for the Administration of Freight Road Transport in Moscow
• Smart Traffic Light System
• Moscow Metro
• Moscow Ring Railway (MKZhD)

• Self-driving cars in Russia
• Self-driving cars (global market)
• Autopilot (self-driving car)

• Transportation Management System Transport Management Systems and _Projects
• Fleet management systems Auto management systems Systems and _projects
• Vehicle Safety and Control SystemsSystems and _Designs
• Satellite Communications and NavigationSystems and _Projects

Notes