Moscow State University

Lomonosov Moscow State University is the largest classical university in the Russian Federation. It trains undergraduates, postgraduates and doctoral students in 40 faculties in areas and specialties that cover almost the entire spectrum of modern university education. Currently, more than 40 thousand people study at Moscow State University. About 10 thousand schoolchildren are engaged in Moscow State University. The university has 15 research institutes and 380 departments. The special status of Moscow State University is confirmed by the right to its own educational standards, its own entrance and certification tests.

Faculties

For 2020, Moscow State University includes:

Mathematics, Cybernetics, Space

• Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics
• Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics (VMiK)
• Faculty of Space Research

Natural sciences

• Faculty of Physics
• Department of Chemistry
• Faculty of Fundamental Physicochemical Engineering
• Faculty of Material Sciences
• Faculty of Biology
• Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics
• Faculty of Biotechnology
• Faculty of Fundamental Medicine

Earth Sciences

• Faculty of Soil Science
• Faculty of Geology
• Faculty of Geography

History, Philology, Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology

• Faculty of History
• Faculty of Philology
• Higher School of Translation (Faculty)
• Faculty of Pedagogical Education
• Faculty of Philosophy
• Higher School of Modern Social Sciences (Faculty)
• Faculty of Sociology
• Faculty of Psychology

Journalism, Television, Arts

• Faculty of Journalism
• Higher School of Television (Faculty)
• Faculty of Arts

Economics, Law, Business

• Faculty of Economics
• Faculty of Law
• Graduate School of Business (Faculty)
• Higher School of Innovative Business (Faculty)
• Moscow School of Economics (Faculty)

International relations

• Faculty of Global Processes
• Faculty of Foreign Languages and Regional Studies
• Faculty of World Politics
• Faculty of Political Science
• Institute of Asian and African Countries

Public administration

• Faculty of Public Administration
• Higher School of Public Administration (Faculty)
• Higher School of Public Audit (Faculty)
• Graduate School of Management and Innovation (Faculty)
• Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanitarian Sphere (Faculty)

Boarding schools

• Specialized educational and scientific center (faculty) - boarding school named after A.N. Kolmogorov
• University Grammar School (boarding school)

Institutes

For 2020, Moscow State University includes the following institutes:

• Mechanics Research Institute
• Research Institute of Nuclear Physics named after D.V. Skobeltsyn
• Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology named after A.N. Belozersky

• P.K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute
• Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology named after D.N. Anuchin

• Institute for Mathematical Studies of Complex Systems

• Institute for Information Security Problems
• National Anti-Doping Laboratory (Institute)

• Institute of Russian Language and Culture
• Russian-German Institute of Science and Culture
• Institute of World Culture
• Confucius Institute

Institutes of Advanced Study:

• Institute of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Number of students

2024

Participate in the creation of a chatbot for writing pages of memory about people

Service for saving memory in the digital environment "Memory code" in conjunction with students and graduates of some universities countries developed AI boat in. Telegram The company announced this on September 9, 2024.

Participants from NUST MISIS, Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman and Moscow State University in 3 days created a chat bot based on artificial intelligence that helps you write your own "Memory pages" on the service. Read more here.

Record enrollment of foreign students - 2.9 thousand people

Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Moscow State University) broke the record for the number of admitted foreign students, accepting in 2024 about 2.9 thousand applicants from abroad. This became known at the end of August 2024. This result was the highest since 2015, as announced by the rector of the university Viktor Sadovnichy at a press conference on the beginning of the new academic year.

According to RIA Novosti, according to Viktor Sadovnichy, in 2023 the number of foreign students admitted to Moscow State University was 2.4 thousand people, and in 2022 - 2.1 thousand people. Thus, there is a steady increase in the number of students from other countries wishing to get an education at a leading Russian university.

Moscow State University increased the admission of foreign students

In total, more than 11 thousand foreign students study at Moscow State University, including its branches, in 2024. This number includes undergraduates, graduate students and students in further vocational education programs. According to the university, applicants from China, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Mexico and other countries are showing the greatest interest in training.

Sadovnichy stressed that the admission of foreign applicants to Moscow State University has not yet been completed, and the conclusion of contracts continues, which may further increase the number of students from abroad. The university actively develops international cooperation and continues to attract students from around the world, offering high quality education and a wide range of educational programs.

MSU also continues to strengthen its position in international rankings, which helps to increase its attractiveness for international students. According to the rector, the university does not experience problems with the training of foreign citizens, which is confirmed by a stable increase in the number of applicants from abroad.^[1]

2020

As of April 2020, the total number of students at Moscow State University is 38,150, of which 3907 are foreign citizens.

Architecture

A large-scale improvement program in the capital reached the territory of Moscow State University on Vorobyovy Gory in 2017. The corresponding tender for 2.7 billion rubles was announced by the city authorities. Improvement work is planned to be completed by September 2018. The work will affect the streets of Kosygin (the territory of the observation deck), Academician Samara, Academician Khokhlov, Kolmogorov, University Avenue and University Square. The territory for improvement will be 57 hectares.

Near the main building of the university, the lawn will be updated and new asphalt will be laid, walkways will be made and fountains will be restored. Historical lanterns will also be restored and more than 270 new lamps will be installed. Special recreation areas will be arranged in the park nearby and ecotropes for walking will be organized.

"The ensemble of Moscow State University was created in 1949-1953, since that time large-scale improvement work has not been carried out. The main task facing the contractor is to preserve and restore the historical appearance of the territory next to the main building, "the city department of major repairs said. The initial price of the state contract is 2.7 billion rubles. Applications for participation in the auction are accepted until July 7. The winner will be announced on July 12. It is expected to complete the work before the beginning of September 2018.

History

2024: Slovenia closes MSU's only European branch

The only European branch of Lomonosov Moscow State University (Sputnik), which was located in the city of Koper in Slovenia, is now closed, the rector of the Russian university said in October 2024.

A letter from the leadership of the branch about its closure was sent to the university. "We have not closed it, neither the university nor the Ministry of Education. No one on our part had anything to do with it, "he said.

Lomonosov Moscow State University has never refused to cooperate with foreign countries and other universities, especially since it was not the initiator of the deterioration of relations, the rector says.

2023

Lomonosov Moscow State University received 340.4 million rubles to launch an engineering school for drug development

Moscow State University. Lomonosov received 340.4 million rubles to launch an engineering school for the development of drugs. The press service of the university told about this on December 11, 2023. Read more here.

Mishustin instructed to create a training cluster of Moscow State University in Sarov

Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin gave instructions following a working trip to Sarov. One of them, as the press service of the Cabinet of Ministers reported on July 8, 2023, concerns the development of the training cluster of Moscow State University in Sarov.

The Ministry of Education and Science, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Finance, Rosatom and Lomonosov Moscow State University should work out the possibility of building scientific and educational infrastructure facilities within the framework of the program for creating world-class campuses when forming the draft budget for 2024 and the planning period 2025 and 2026..

The area of ​ ​ the new building of the educational building will be 20 thousand square meters. m. At the same time, 500 people will be able to study here. It is assumed that the following will be created as part of the future university campus:

• dormitory for students, graduate students, teachers and professors with a total area of ​ ​ more than 20 thousand square meters. m;
• objects of communal and engineering infrastructure.

It is noted that the Sarov branch of Moscow State University is a key element of the National Center for Physics and Mathematics, which is created with the participation of Rosatom at the initiative of the President of the Russian Federation. The branch was created in 2021 to train scientific and scientific and pedagogical personnel of the highest qualifications in the field of physics and mathematics for high-tech organizations of the Russian Federation.

Training in the branch is carried out under the programs "Computational methods and methods of modeling," "Supercomputer technologies of mathematical modeling and data processing," "Dynamics, strength and stability of deformation processes of complex bodies and structures," "Supercomputer technologies and fundamental informatics," "Laser nonlinear optics and photonics," "Theoretical physics," "Extreme electromagnetic fields, relativistic plasma and attosecond physics." By July 2023, about 100 students and graduate students are studying at the Sarov branch of Moscow State University.^[2]

Opening of the exhibition "Echo of Heroes"

Moscow state Edutainment-exhibition "Echo of Heroes" opened at the University named after M.V. Lomonosov. This is the first exhibition generated with. artificial intelligence

A cube was built at Moscow State University, inside which a video projection is created that animates the heroes using neural networks. Here come to life the names, stories and images of famous graduates who contributed to the development of not only their alma mater, but the whole country. Read more here.

2022

Applications for admission from more than 3 thousand foreigners

Moscow State University in 2022 received applications for admission from more than 3 thousand foreigners. More than 80% of applicants this year come from East, Central and West Asia. The largest number of applications were submitted by applicants from China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Iran, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan.

Agreement with T1 Consulting on the preparation of IT personnel

On July 1, 2022, developer POT1 Consulting announced the launch of a cooperation program with Russian universities. Cooperation was also concluded with Moscow State University. Read more here.

Scientists have confirmed the presence of anomalies in the brain of those who have had coronavirus

On February 28, 2022, it became known that scientists NUST MISIS"," Moscow State University named after M.V., together with experts Sberbank , used the developed on the neurointerface basis to electroencephalography assess the characteristics of electric the brain activity of people who had recovered. COVID-19 The revealed features of the brain can be interpreted as a manifestation of possible neurological consequences. Researchers have shown statistically significant signal differences brain in people who have suffered and have not undergone COVID-19. More. here

2021: Russian scientists have proposed a new method for analyzing the mechanism of action of nanopreparations

Scientists of NUST "MISIS," Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Physics and Technology Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and RCTU named after D.I. Mendeleev proposed to use Mossbauer spectroscopy for the analysis and assessment of diffusion parameters and hydrodynamic properties of nanoparticles - a method of nuclear gamma resonance, popular in physical materials science, geology and chemistry. This was announced on August 24, 2021 by NUST MISIS. Read more here.

2020: Creation of the Institute of Artificial Intelligence. It was headed by Katerina Tikhonova

February 28, 2020 became known about the creation on the basis of Moscow State University. Lomonosov Institute for Advanced Studies of Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems. It was headed by Katerina Tikhonova, General Director of the National Intellectual Development Foundation (works under the Innopraktika brand, founder of Moscow State University). Read more here.

2019

Russian scientists have shown the possibility of detecting the penetration of apricot vortices across the border of a superconductor with a ferromagnet

On October 31, 2019, it became known that scientists from MIPT, Moscow State University and IFTT RAS showed the possibility of detecting the penetration of apricot vortices across the border of a superconductor with a ferromagnet. The device is a ferromagnetic nanowire to which superconducting electrodes are connected. Read more here.

Rostec and Moscow State University will create a center to combat cancer

On February 14, 2019, Rostec State Corporation and Lomonosov Moscow State University signed an agreement on cooperation in the development and introduction of technologies to combat cancer. Read more here.

MSU scientists have found a non-toxic way to produce silicon nanomaterials

On February 13, 2019, it became known that scientists at Moscow State University found a non-toxic way to produce silicon nanomaterials. In the production of silicon nanostructures, which are in demand in various fields of industry, as a rule, quite toxic hydrofluoric acid is used. Employees of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov found a way to avoid its use. The discovery of MSU scientists can find application in the industrial production of nanosilica-based anti-reflective coatings for solar panels, optical sensors for detecting various molecules, nanocontainers for drug delivery. The study was carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (RNF), its results were published in the international journal Frontiers in Chemistry.

As reported, silicon-based nanostructures for February 2019 are in demand and are used extremely widely: they are used in electronics, biomedicine, fiber optics, solar power and many other areas. Of particular interest for February 2019 are silicon nanonites with a diameter of about 100 nm. Such nanonities are used in the production of transistors, sensitive sensor elements, in solar panels, and as carriers for targeted drug delivery.

The method of metal-stimulated chemical etching of single crystal silicon plates in a hydrofluoric acid solution is usually used to obtain arrays of such nanonites. But hydrofluoric acid is toxic to the environment and humans, and the symptoms of poisoning are difficult to recognize. For large-scale industrial production of silicon nanonites, it is necessary to find less toxic ways to obtain them, and a team of scientists from Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov proposed an option to solve this problem.

In this work, the method of metal-stimulated chemical etching was modified to obtain silicon nanonites, where hydrofluoric acid (HF) was replaced by much less toxic ammonium fluoride (NH4F). Electrochemical methods investigated the mechanism of nanonitre formation on the surface of monocrystalline silicon substrates. The structural and optical properties of the obtained silicon nanostructures were investigated, also depending on the pH of the solutions that were used for the manufacture of nanostructures. The shape of the nanofilaments has been shown to change from vertical to pyramidal with increasing pH of the etching solution. Kirill Gonchar, lead author of the study, Associate Researcher, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University

The obtained samples have extremely low reflectivity (up to 5%) in the visible light spectrum. This feature is more pronounced for samples with a pyramidal structure. It allows the use of such nanonites to create an anti-reflective coating for solar panels. Scientists also note that in silicon nanonets produced by their method, an increase in the localization of light is observed. This property can also be used to create an optical sensor sensor sensor for different molecules.

The study was performed at the Laboratory of Physical Methods of Biosensorics and Nanoterantics under the leadership of Liubov Osminkina at the Physics Department of Moscow State University. This laboratory was established as part of the Green Light Laboratory Program led by young scientists at Moscow State University. The study was also attended by scientists from the Faculty of Chemistry, the Faculty of Materials Sciences of Moscow State University, as well as employees of the Institute of Biological Instrumentation. RAS^[3]

2018: Joining the Digital Health Consortium

The national consortium "Digital Health" began work in Russia, the memorandum of creation of which was signed on February 16, 2018 at the National Medical Research Center named after Almazov. The consortium is attended by the Shvabe holding (structure of Rostec Group of Companies), the Ministry of Communications and Mass Media of Russia, Rusatom Healthcare, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, ITMO University and the engineering center ElTech SPb. Read more here.

2001: The number of full-time students was 31,000

The total number of full-time students increased from 13,000 in 1953 to 31,000 in 2001.

1963

1959: Creation of a preparatory faculty for teaching foreigners the Russian language

To teach foreign citizens the Russian language in 1959, one of the first preparatory faculty of this profile (now the Center for International Education) was formed at the university. Moscow University has become a major international center for the training of students and graduate students.

1956: Broadening the spectrum of scientific research and launching new faculties

Strengthening the material base, measures taken since the mid-1950s to democratize political life in the country, expanding contacts with foreign states made it possible to significantly enrich the range of scientific research carried out at the university. Numerous specialized laboratories are being created, including inter-faculty laboratories, and a powerful Research Computing Center has been organized.

New faculties appeared as part of Moscow State University:

• Institute of Oriental Languages ​ ​ (since 1972 - Institute of Asian and African Countries at Moscow State University),
• Faculty of Psychology,
• Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics,
• the country's first faculty of soil science.

1953: The beginning of classes in the new complex of buildings on the Sparrow Hills

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the financial situation of Moscow University improved significantly. A huge complex of new university buildings is being built on the Leninsky (Vorobyovy) mountains. On September 1, 1953, training sessions began in them.

Laboratories and audiences were equipped with the latest equipment at that time. The university's budget has grown more than 5 times that of the pre-war.

1945

Main article: World War II

During the war years, the university graduated more than 3 thousand specialists. MSU scientists have made a significant contribution to the defense of the country and the development of its economy with their scientific achievements. More than 3 thousand scientific developments were carried out at Moscow State University for a military four-year period. Among them:

• improvement of aircraft construction and control of sea vessels,
• substantiation of the theory of accuracy of artillery firing and firing in areas,
• providing accurate time signals for the whole country, invention of explosives.
• thrombin, a drug that accelerates blood clotting, was introduced into medical practice;
• uranium research work was started;
• geologists discovered the largest tungsten deposits in Central Asia, contributed to the development of the "second Baku";
• geographers provided the Red Army with cartographic material, etc.

A great contribution to strengthening the morale of the army and the people, denouncing the criminal essence of fascism, propaganda of patriotic ideals was made by humanitarian scientists. The documents of the Nuremberg and Tokyo Military Tribunals, which tried fascist criminals, reflected the development of Moscow State University lawyers, for example, on the individual criminal liability of former fascist leaders.

In total, more than 5 thousand university pets fought on the fronts of the war, over a thousand people were awarded orders and medals of the USSR and the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition during the war, and seven were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

About 3 thousand students, graduate students, professors, teachers and employees of Moscow State University did not return from the war. In their honor, a memorial sign was unveiled next to 1 educational building in 1975 and the Eternal Flame of Glory was lit.

1944: Creation of MGIMO on the basis of the International Faculty of Moscow State University

The date of creation of the university is considered to be October 14, 1944, when the Council of People's Commissars transformed the International Faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, created a year earlier, into an independent institute.

1943

Creation of the Faculty of International Relations with the recruitment of 200 students

The first steps of the faculty were taken in support of the best personnel of Moscow State University and its material base. In 1943, the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs of the USSR asked the Soviet government about the need to open a faculty of international relations at Moscow State University. On August 31, 1943, a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was issued - four-year studies were supposed at the new faculty, with 200 students admitted to the first year "mainly from among males."

The Faculty of International Relations became the thirteenth at Moscow State University. He was granted a separate building at 6 Kropotkinsky Lane. The first dean was Doctor of Economics, Professor Ivan Dmitrievich Udaltsov.

1943: University returns to Sverdlovsk

The university returned to Moscow from Sverdlovsk only in the spring of 1943, although classes with students remaining in the capital resumed in February 1942 after the defeat of the fascist hordes near Moscow.

1942: University transfer to Sverdlovsk evacuation

Since the summer of 1942, Moscow State University has been working in Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg).

1941

University evacuation to Ashgabat

Main article: World War II

Already on June 25, 1941, the first group of students and employees of Moscow State University went to the front, mainly to replenish the command and political composition of the Red Army. Volunteers of Moscow State University were staffed by the 8th (Krasnopresnenskaya) division of the people's militia. She fought heroically during the defense of Moscow.

Since October 1941, the university was evacuated, first in Ashgabat.

Return of the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History to Moscow State University

In October 1941, Moscow University was strengthened by the inclusion of IFLI - the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History.

5 thousand full-time students

By 1941, about 5 thousand students were engaged in full-time studies alone.

1940: Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov

In 1940, during the celebration of its 185th anniversary, the university was named after M.V. Lomonosov, which he still bears today.

1934: The first candidate dissertations in the USSR were defended

In 1934, the first candidate dissertations in the years of Soviet power were defended at the university.

1932: Cancellation of the "brigade-laboratory" training method

In 1932, the "brigade-laboratory" method introduced earlier was canceled, which involved the cancellation of lectures, the transfer of the study of material to self-rotation to student teams of 3-5 people, and the replacement of individual exams with collective reports of teams.

New curricula were introduced, the working hours in higher education changed.

1931: Humanities departments are separated into a separate Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History

On the basis of humanitarian faculties in 1931, the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History was opened, which merged again with Moscow State University only 10 years later.

1919: University fully transferred to public funding

The revolutionary whirlwind of 1917 that swept over Russia left a contradictory mark on the fate of higher education. On the one hand, its deep democratization took place. Tuition was canceled, students were provided with state scholarships. Since 1919, the university has been completely transferred to state funding.

In order for immigrants from working and peasant families to get the amount of knowledge necessary for admission to the university, a preparatory working faculty has been operating at the university since 1919 (it remained part of Moscow State University until 1936). Teaching at the university in the first post-revolutionary decade was continued by world-famous scientists: D.N. Anuchin, N.E. Zhukovsky, N.D. Zelinsky, A.N. Severtsov, K.A. Timiryazev, S.A. Chaplygin and others.

At the same time, the split of society during the revolution was seriously reflected in university life. Some students and famous scientists who did not take new political orders were forced to leave Moscow University.

1914: Sharp drop in pupils due to the outbreak of World War I

The number of students sharply decreased in connection with the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

1911

Exclusion of more than a thousand students, arrests and expulsion of revolutionary students from Moscow

After the exodus of teachers, the government responded by expelling more than a thousand students from the university by arresting and expelling revolutionary students from Moscow.

130 professors and teachers left Moscow State University in protest against the illegal dismissal of their colleagues

In 1911, in protest against the illegal dismissal of a number of professors and violation of university autonomy, more than 130 professors and teachers defiantly left its walls. Among them are world-famous scientists: K.A. Timiryazev, P.N. Lebedev, N.D. Zelinsky, N.A. Umov, S.A. Chaplygin, V.I. Vernadsky, V.I. Picheta and others.

1905: Students pass resolution demanding overthrow of autocracy and transformation of Russia into a democratic republic

Students of Moscow University were at the forefront of freedom fighters in the 1905-1907 revolution. At a meeting on September 9, 1905, students adopted a resolution demanding the overthrow of autocracy and the transformation of Russia into a democratic republic.

1863

New university charter boosts discipline and faculty

A new stage in the life of the university began after the fall of serfdom in 1861 and Russia's entry into the path of capitalism. The university charter of 1863 reflected the general course of the government to carry out reforms designed to accelerate the development of the country. The growth of industry, trade, agriculture, transformation in the field of management, courts, the army demanded an increase in the level and expansion of university education. According to the charter of 1863, the number of academic disciplines and the number of teachers increased. Much attention was paid to the organization of practical and laboratory classes, seminars. The election of the rector and deans, actually destroyed during the years of the Nikolaev reign, was restored.

1,500 students in four faculties

About 1,500 students studied at four faculties of the university - historical, philological, physical, mathematical, legal and medical - most of whom belonged to raznochintsy.

1820:500 students

By the 1920s, the number of students at Moscow University exceeded 500.

1815: 7.5 thousand books collected for library after fire

The restoration of the university became the business of the entire Russian society. Scientific institutions, scientists, individuals transferred money, books, ancient manuscripts, natural science collections, devices to the university.

Only for the university library by 1815 managed to collect 7.5 thousand books.

1813: Resuming classes

Despite the difficult situation of the university, professors and students began classes on September 1, 1813.

1812: University buildings completely burned down during French invasion

The invasion in 1812 of Russia by the Napoleonic army caused an unprecedented patriotic rise among university students. Many joined the militia, and the work of university doctors was especially noted by M.I. Kutuzov. During the stay of Napoleonic soldiers in Moscow, the university buildings almost completely burned down. The library, archive, museum, scientific equipment were killed.

1804

Three-year training in four departments

Students at this time studied in four faculties (departments, as they were then called):

• moral and political sciences,
• physical and mathematical sciences,
• medical sciences,
• verbal sciences.

The training lasted 3 years. After the final exams, the best of those who graduated from the university were awarded the degree of candidate, the rest - the title of "valid student." The continuity of various levels of education was strengthened. According to the charter of 1804, the university carried out general management of secondary and primary educational institutions of the central provinces of Russia.

The charter of the university was adopted with the provision of autonomy

Until 1804, the activities of the university were regulated by the "Highest Approved Project on the Establishment of Moscow University." In 1804, the university charter was adopted. The university was granted significant autonomy, the rector and deans of the faculties were elected from among the professors. The first elected rector was Professor of History and Literature H.A. Chebotarev. The Council of Professors solved all issues of university life, awarded academic titles. Books printed with the approval of the Council in the university printing house were exempted from general censorship.

1756: Opening of the library, printing house and bookstore

Moscow University played an outstanding role in the dissemination and popularization of scientific knowledge. Lectures by university professors and student disputes could be attended by the public. In April 1756, a printing house and a bookstore were opened at Moscow University on Mokhovaya Street. Thus, the beginning of domestic book publishing was laid. At the same time, the university began to publish twice a week the country's first non-governmental newspaper Moskovskiye Vedomosti, and since January 1760, the first literary magazine Useful Entertainment in Moscow. For ten years, from 1779 to 1789, the printing house was headed by a pet of the university gymnasium, an outstanding Russian enlightener N.I. Novikov.

A year after the creation of the university, the university library accepted the first readers. For over 100 years, it served as the only publicly available library in Moscow.

1755

Education of students in three faculties

In accordance with the plan of M.V. Lomonosov, 3 faculties were formed at Moscow University:

• philosophical,
• legal and
• medical.

All students began their studies at the Faculty of Philosophy, where they received fundamental training in the natural sciences and humanities. Education could be continued, specializing in law, medical, or the same Faculty of Philosophy. Unlike universities in Europe, Moscow University did not have a theological faculty, which is explained by the presence in Russia of a special education system for the training of ministers of the Orthodox Church. Professors lectured not only in the then universally recognized language of science - Latin, but also in Russian.

Moscow University stood out for its democratic composition of students and professors. This largely determined the widespread dissemination of advanced scientific and social ideas among students and teachers. Already in the preamble of the decree on the establishment of a university in Moscow, it was noted that it was created "for the general training of raznochintsy." Immigrants from various classes could enter the university, with the exception of serfs. M.V. Lomonosov pointed to the example of Western European universities, where the principle of class was over:

"At the university, that student is more respectable who has learned more; and whose son he is, there is no need. "

In the second half of the 18th century, out of 26 Russian professors who taught, only three were from nobles. Raznochintsy made up the majority of students in the 18th century. The most capable students were sent to foreign universities to continue their education, strengthening contacts and ties with world science.

The foundation of the university - the first in Russia

Moscow University is rightfully considered the oldest Russian university. It was founded in 1755. The establishment of a university in Moscow became possible thanks to the activities of an outstanding encyclopedic scientist, the first Russian academician Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711-1765).

The activities of M.V. Lomonosov reflected all the power, beauty and vitality of Russian science, which reached the forefront of world scientific knowledge, the success of the country, which managed to significantly reduce the gap with the leading powers of the world after the transformations of Peter I and become one of them.

M.V. Lomonosov attached great importance to the creation of a higher education system in Russia. Back in 1724, at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter I, a university and a gymnasium were established to train scientific personnel in Russia. But the academic gymnasium and the university did not cope with this task. Therefore, M.V. Lomonosov repeatedly raised the question of opening a university in Moscow. His proposals, formulated in a letter to I.I. Shuvalov, formed the basis of the project of Moscow University. I.I. Shuvalov, a favorite of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, patronized the development of Russian science and culture, helped many of the undertakings of M.V. Lomonosov.

After familiarizing herself with the project of a new educational institution presented by I.I. Shuvalov, Elizaveta Petrovna signed a decree on the foundation of Moscow University on January 12 (25 in a new style), 1755 (on St. Tatyana's Day according to the Orthodox church calendar). The ceremony of the grand opening of classes at the university took place on the day of the celebration of the anniversary of the coronation of Elizabeth Petrovna on April 26 (May 7), 1755. Since then, these days have traditionally been celebrated at the university with student celebrations, the annual scientific conference "Lomonosov Readings" and the days of students' scientific creativity are timed to coincide with them.

Government appropriations only partially covered the needs of the university, especially since initially students were not charged for tuition, and in the future poor students began to be exempted from it. The university leadership had to find additional sources of income, not even excluding commercial activities. Huge financial assistance was provided by patrons of art.

Notes