Rosatom allocated 12 billion rubles for the development of quantum computing

The main articles are:

• Quantum computer and quantum communication
• Quantum computers and networks in Russia

2024

Rosatom allocated 12 billion rubles for the development of quantum computing

In 2020-2024, the total amount of funding for the Russian program "Quantum Computing," within the framework of which a 50-qubit ion quantum computer was created, amounted to 24 billion rubles. Of these, 12 billion were provided by Rosatom. Such data were released by the state corporation at the end of September 2024.

According to Ekaterina Solntseva, director of digitalization at Rosatom, the state corporation coordinates and financially supports the Russian quantum project. Further work will continue within the framework of the federal project "Development of promising technologies" of the national program "Data Economics." At the same time, attention will be paid to both the development of the characteristics of quantum computers and the creation of conditions for their practical application in the economy and social sphere.

source = Evgeny Pogonin/Rosatom Country

Among the priority areas of application of quantum computing are pharmaceuticals and medicine in general. Quantum computers are expected to repeatedly speed up the modeling processes of complex molecules, which will contribute to the emergence of new drugs. In addition, personalized medical technologies will be developed, allowing the doctor to develop personal recommendations for the treatment of a person as soon as possible, taking into account the specific factors of his disease and the characteristics of the body. Quantum computing will also be applied to predict new epidemics.

In the IT field, the introduction of quantum computing will make it possible to take to a new level the solution of complex problems in areas such as shipbuilding and the aircraft industry. Quantum technologies, as noted, will find application in the transport and logistics sector - for example, to redirect traffic in real time, taking into account a huge number of parameters. Quantum technologies stimulate the further development of artificial intelligence in terms of speeding up machine learning, image recognition and analysis, speech and text, big data processing, etc.^[1]

With the creation of a 50-qubit ion quantum computer, Russia has become one of the world leaders in the field of quantum technologies

Russia became one of the world leaders in the field of quantum technologies with the creation of a 50-qubit ion quantum computer. This became known in September 2024. The unique development was the result of the work of Russian scientists within the framework of the roadmap for quantum computing, coordinated by the state corporation Rosatom. The new quantum computer was created by the scientific group of the Russian Quantum Center and the Lebedev Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which allowed Russia to reach the forefront in this high-tech field.

Russia has become one of three countries with quantum computers on all four priority platforms - superconductors, ions, neutral atoms and photons, - said Likhachev.

source = Evgeny Pogonin/Rosatom Country Newspaper

The ion quantum computer has become the most powerful in Russia. FIAN Director Nikolai Kolachevsky demonstrated the ion trap, which is a key element of the quantum processor, to Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin. The quantum computer is based on kudit technology, which is used in Russia, Austria and the United States. This new approach made it possible to significantly increase the power of the computer, which is now available through the cloud platform to execute basic quantum algorithms.

The first 16-qubit quantum computer in Russia was unveiled in July 2023. By February 2024, Russian scientists had already created a 20-qubit computer, and in less than a year this figure was increased to 50 qubits, which significantly exceeded the original plans of the roadmap. According to forecasts, this milestone was planned to be reached by the end of 2024, but the project was implemented ahead of schedule.^[2]

Rosatom called the timing of the launch of serial production of quantum computers

Rosatom State Corporation announced plans to launch serial production of quantum computers in Russia, scheduled for 2030. This became known in August 2024.

Ekaterina Solntseva, director of digitalization at Rosatom, noted that the corporation intends to become a leader in creating a competitive quantum industry at the national level. According to Solntseva, Rosatom's strategic goal is to develop and implement sovereign quantum computing technologies that will be applied not only in the nuclear industry, but also in other key sectors of the economy. It is planned that by the scheduled date the company will complete the development of technology that will allow the serial production of quantum computers on an industrial scale.

source = Rosatom

In addition, Rosatom has already launched a program for the introduction of quantum computing. Between 2024 and 2025, quantum algorithms will be tested on model tasks related to various aspects of the nuclear industry. By the end of 2025, 5-10 pilot projects are expected to be created, demonstrating the potential of using quantum computing to solve applied problems.

From 2026, the corporation plans to begin a gradual transition from testing on model tasks to solving specific practical problems. According to forecasts, after 2030 Rosatom will be able to demonstrate the first tangible results of the use of quantum technologies in its production activities.

Solntseva also stressed that active work is underway to determine priority industrial tasks, to solve which quantum processors will be involved. These tasks will be included in a special stack of projects, the implementation of which is planned until 2030. We are talking about tasks that will help the corporation understand in what areas and with what effects quantum computing can have the greatest impact.^[3]

Opening of the All-Russian School for Physics Teachers on Quantum Computing

The first All-Russian summer school for physics teachers in quantum computing opened on August 5, 2024. The event was organized by the state corporation Rosatom together with the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, the Russian Quantum Center (RCC) and the Atom Foundation.

According to Rosatom, teachers from six regions of Russia take part in the school: Tatarstan, as well as Sverdlovsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk and Vladimir regions. Classes are held at the sites of the Atom Museum at VDNKh, as well as at the NRNU MEPhI and the RCC.

The project is being implemented within the framework of the roadmap for the development of the high-tech field "Quantum Computing," coordinated by Rosatom. The main goals of the program include improving the qualifications of physics teachers, introducing innovative approaches to teaching quantum physics and developing competencies in the field of future professions.

The summer school program provides classes with Russian researchers working in the field of quantum computing. The topic includes the study of quantum computers, quantum Internet, quantum encryption and the practical application of quantum computers. Participants will also get acquainted with modern discoveries in the field of physics.

Roman Ilyin, Director of the Education Department of Rosatom-Quantum Technologies, emphasized the importance of advanced training programs for physics teachers to form an educational ecosystem in the field of quantum computing.

Already today we understand that Rosatom needs qualified personnel who are competent in modern quantum programming languages, know how to set tasks for quantum emulators, know the key principles of quantum physics and technologies, - said Ilyin.

As part of the school, teachers will visit the scientific laboratories of the Russian Quantum Center and the exposition of the Atom Museum. This will allow them to familiarize themselves with advanced developments in the field of quantum technologies and get an idea of ​ ​ the needs of the industry.^[4]

By 2030, a quantum industry will be formed in Russia

The state corporation Rosatom"" and scientific teams created within the framework of the governmental roadmap for the development of the high-tech field "Quantum Computing" will continue to work within the framework of the federal project "" Quantum technologies as a component. national project "Data Economics" This federal project will replace the quantum roadmap, calculated until the end of 2024, coordinated by Rosatom TAdviser. This was announced on March 27, 2024 by representatives of the state corporation.

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According to Ekaterina Solntseva, Director for Digitalization of Rosatom State Corporation, the strategic goal of the program document will be to create a quantum industry by 2030, the active actors of which will be not only scientists and specialists, but also entrepreneurs and a wide range of future consumers of quantum technologies.

According to her, at the time of the approval of the roadmap in 2020, work on its implementation began amid a significant lag in Russia in the quantum sphere. But the efforts of academic structures, universities and development institutions with the support of Rosatom made it possible to break out of the "lag trap."

If at the start of work in Russia there was a prototype of only a 2-qubit quantum processor, then at the beginning of 2024 it was announced the creation of a 25-qubit-convex computer on neutral atoms and a 20-qubit one on ions in traps, and soon it is planned to present a 50-qubit domestic quantum computer. It should also be noted that, along with the number of qubits, the power of a quantum computer is determined by their quality - the level of inaccuracy during operations. In computers developed by Rosatom, such an error is low, which allows you to successfully test practically significant algorithms on them, explained Ekaterina Solntseva.

The Director for Digitalization also noted that these achievements were made possible thanks to coordinated joint work within the framework of the roadmap of strong scientific groups both from among the scientists of the Russian Federation and compatriots - authoritative scientists who returned from abroad and opened their own laboratories in Russia. In particular, quantum infrastructure is being developed by joint efforts, research activities, educational projects are being implemented, and the quantum ecosystem as a whole is expanding.

"Right now, we are at the intersection of two periods of development of quantum technologies in Russia - at the stage of transition from a quantum roadmap to a new federal project. In addition to quantum computing, it will include work on quantum sensors, a large section will be devoted to "quantum-inspired technologies," which are not quantum in essence, but develop, being inspired by quantum developments. And, of course, there remains a big task on the agenda related to the development of the ecosystem. Indeed, by 2030, a full-fledged quantum industry should be formed in the country, "said Ekaterina Solntseva, director of digitalization at Rosatom State Corporation.

Rosatom creates a 50-qubit quantum computer

At the end of February 2024, Rosatom CEO Alexei Likhachev spoke about the development of a 50-qubit quantum computer by the state corporation, which is more than twice the performance of the system that the company created by the time its main statement was made.

The task is to reach 50 qubits this year, Likhachev said during a speech in the State Duma on February 28, 2024.

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Earlier in February 2024, Ruslan Yunusov, adviser to the general director of Rosatom State Corporation, in a conversation with TASS, spoke about the creation of a 20-qubit quantum computer. It is built on an ion platform. Then Yunusov said that by the end of 2024, the state corporation expects to create a quantum computer with 50 qubits.

The accuracy of our computer is 95% - on a two-cube system. At the same time, progress in accuracy is very fast. A year and a half ago, we started with 60% - this is slightly higher than chance - now 95%. And then, I think, we will quickly reach 98-99%. Then engineering work will begin on even larger arrays, "Yunusov said at the end of February 2024.

At the same time, Yunusov stressed that the state corporation by February 2024 does not have enough iron power to show the usefulness of quantum algorithms.

We don't know why we need a quantum computer... Of course, we know the first applications of a quantum computer, we have the first algorithms. We don't have enough iron power to show the usefulness of algorithms, but they already exist. And they will help solve problems in logistics, in modeling molecules, for example, and so on, "he explained.

According to Rosatom's forecasts, the widespread practical use of quantum computing may begin as early as 2025, and on the horizon of 2030, extra-quantum technological leadership will become impossible.^[5]

Participation in the implementation of the "quantum" roadmap of more than 1000 specialists and scientists

One of the priorities of the government roadmap on quantum computing, which is coordinated by the state corporation Rosatom, is the development of a dialogue between all participants in the "quantum" ecosystem. This allowed not only to unite more than 1000 specialists, including 500 scientists from 15 Russian universities, in joint research work, but also to establish their interaction with business as a future consumer of new technologies. Such information was shared with TAdviser on February 15, 2024 by representatives of Rosatom.

source = Rosatom

According to the director of digitalization of the state corporation Ekaterina Solntseva, in order to develop science, it is necessary to stimulate a dialogue between scientists and business so that the market can effectively use the achievements of researchers and set scientists the task of jointly developing technologies of the future. This will expand the areas of scientific work and strengthen the research resource base.

"Most of the" quantum "roadmap is devoted to the development of dialogue between scientists engaged in fundamental research and business. This is important, since it is the business that will become a consumer of high technologies in the horizon of 10 or more years, - explained Ekaterina Solntseva. - We are developing the quantum industry, realizing that for this entrepreneurs must not only choose the scientific results that have been achieved by scientists within the framework of current research programs, but also set their tasks in new areas of priority for the market. When such a dialogue arises, the work of scientists goes differently - both from a substantive point of view and from the point of view of providing resources. "

The director of digitalization of the state corporation also added that Rosatom is an example of close mutual linking of research activities with business development tasks. As part of the road quart on quantum computing, this allows attracting extra-budgetary funds from the state corporation to finance the relevant measures. The total amount of funding provided for the implementation of the "quantum" roadmap in 2020-2024 is 24,143,94 million rubles. Of this amount, 11,246,17 million rubles are extra-budgetary funds of the state corporation Rosatom.

2022

Rosatom creates a university for the development of quantum computing

In November 2022, it became known that Rosatom is organizing a corporate university for the development of quantum computing. Other universities will also be able to connect to the project, where additional education programs will be implemented. Read more here.

Quantum Internet Plan

On January 26, 2022, representatives of the State Corporation Rosatom"" reported that by the end of 2022 they will present To the government a draft second roadmap for development. quantum computing The main task in the period from 2025 to 2030 will be to unite the former quantum processors into a common network and create a quantum one on its basis. Internet

The state invests significant resources in the creation of a domestic quantum computer because it understands that quantum devices will provide technological leadership in many key areas. As of January 2022, prototypes of quantum processors are being created in parallel on a number of platforms at the same time - superconductors, ions, atoms and photons - however, perhaps in the future we will focus on one or more platforms that demonstrate the best results, "said Maxim Parshin, Deputy Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation.

Quantum computing is a technology implemented in the form of complex systems that interact with each other. We understand that one of the most important tasks of the decade is to learn how to combine quantum computing devices built on various platforms into a single complex system. In the long term, quantum Internet will allow tens and hundreds of millions of times to accelerate the performance of today's devices, "commented Ruslan Yunusov, head of the project office for quantum technologies at Rosatom State Corporation.

2021

Creation of a universal quantum computer on ions in Russia

At the end of December 2021, scientists from the Russian Quantum Center and the P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences announced the creation of a universal quantum computer based on ions. The development used the technology of scaling quantum processors using multi-level storage media - kudits.

In classical computing devices, all information is decomposed into bits - 0 or 1, and in quantum ones, the smallest unit of information is a quantum bit (qubit), capable of simultaneously being in both states at once - both 0 and 1. The number of states in which a quantum processor is located grows rapidly with an increase in the number of qubits - due to the ability to connect them with each other. This feature allows quantum devices to solve various computing problems orders of magnitude faster than classical computers and supercomputers.

В Russia developed a universal quantum computer on ions

However, there are also extended versions of qubits - kudits, capable of simultaneously being in three states (cutrites) or in four states (cookwarts). Russian physicists built a system of 2 cooks, which is completely equivalent to 4 qubits.

During the experiment, scientists managed to capture 2 ions in a vacuum chamber, after which, using a laser, they performed a set of single-bit operations on them, a two-cube operation inside the kudit, and an operation to confuse 2 particles (Mölmer-Sorenson). With these studies, scientists were able to show that the quality of operations between qubits bound into cookwart exceeds the quality of operations on independent particles. This provides a higher quality implementation of quantum algorithms in the future.

Today, the ion platform demonstrates some of the most interesting results, which is especially noteworthy, since 5 years ago ions were not considered a priority area of ​ ​ development, "said Ruslan Yunusov, head of the project office for quantum technologies of Rosatom State Corporation. Within [6]

Rosatom ordered research on quantum computing for 7.73 billion rubles

In early October 2021, it became known about the tender announced by Rosatom for large-scale scientific research in the field of quantum computing. For the implementation of this project, the state corporation is ready to pay 7.73 billion rubles. Read more here.

Rosatom and Sberbank jointly engaged in quantum technologies

Rosatom and Sberbank jointly engaged in quantum technologies, which they announced on March 30, 2021. The partners see great potential in several areas, including the use of quantum computing systems to solve practical problems related to finance and banking.

Within the framework of cooperation, Sberbank and Quant JV LLC, which is part of Rosatom, plan to pay special attention to the possibility of using quantum technologies, including quantum computing, to solve practical problems within the country. Earlier, Sberbank, together with the Russian Quantum Center, launched a line of communication with quantum protection between two Moscow offices.

Rosatom and Sberbank will develop quantum technologies

The introduction of quantum technologies can qualitatively change the Russian financial sector and make it more competitive in the world market, "says Ruslan Yunusov, head of Rosatom's project office for quantum technologies. - Coordination of actions and joint work with the leading financial institutions of Russia, Central and Eastern Europe will make it possible to achieve a synergistic effect in the financial technology industry and significantly strengthen national positions.

Sberbank Chief Technology Officer David Rafalovsky, in turn, noted that such cooperation, which allows you to jointly analyze the accumulated experience and continuously incoming new information, is necessary to begin the practical development of solutions based on quantum technologies, when the necessary level of technological maturity is reached. They are capable of changing business models in many industries: from artificial intelligence to pharmaceuticals and transport, he added.

For Sberbank, the key is the unconditional security of data exchange and the speed of computing power that quantum technologies can provide, Rafalovsky said.

Plans to allocate 6.1 billion rubles for the development of quantum computing

On February 17, 2021, Rosatom informed TAdviser that, as part of the events dedicated to the official start of the Year of Science and Technology in the Russian Federation, it presented priority areas of work aimed at creating a domestic quantum computer.

Rosatom will allocate over 6 billion rubles for the development of quantum computing
Photo source: newvz.ru

It is planned to allocate 6.1 billion rubles for the implementation of the roadmap for the development of the high-tech field "Quantum Computing" during 2021. Financial resources will allow starting the construction of a nanofabrication center on the territory of the Skolkovo Innovation Center, as well as updating the existing laboratory complexes of participating organizations of the National Quantum Laboratory - a federal consortium created under the auspices of Rosatom, uniting scientific centers, technology companies, universities and startups.

As part of the implementation of a large-scale project for the development of quantum computing, we solve two key problems. It is necessary not only to create quantum processors and a single cloud platform for solving practical problems, but also to form the necessary infrastructure that accumulates advanced competencies, as well as organizational and financial resources. One of the tools for ensuring a "quantum breakthrough" is the National Quantum Laboratory - an integrated platform for interaction between representatives of science, innovation and business. In the near future, quantum technologies can change the global landscape. Our goal is to reduce the existing lag of our country in this area and ensure the entry of Russia into the number of participants in the quantum race, emphasized Ekaterina Solntseva, Director for Digitalization of Rosatom State Corporation.

For the entire global quantum community, 2021 has begun more actively than ever: France has repeatedly increased investments in quantum technologies, Germany has decided to build the Munich Quantum Valley, the Netherlands has launched a consortium for quantum startups to consolidate the efforts of market players - interest in quantum technologies is growing, and the demand for pilot projects is entering an active phase. The participation of the state contributes not only to obtaining the results themselves in the short term, but also to an increase in the number of talented young researchers in the future, Ruslan Yunusov, Head of the Project Office of ROSATOM State Corporation for Quantum Technologies.

"The total budget of the roadmap for quantum computing is 23.6 billion rubles. No changes occurred in 2020, our budget was not sequestered, so the entire announced action plan is being implemented in full, "said TAdviserRuslan Yunusov, head of the project office for quantum technologies of Rosatom State Corporation.

2020

Rosatom revealed the details of its quantum computer

On November 25, 2020, Rosatom revealed the details of its quantum computer. By 2024, the state corporation plans to create a prototype of such a system, and 2030 - to increase the power of the installation to effectively solve the problems of the economy in the field of big data technologies, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, etc.

It is planned to create a domestic 100-qubit quantum computer, which should work faster than a classic supercomputer, will be carried out within the ecosystem, which will include:

• scientific laboratories of leading technical universities in Russia;
• industrial projects;
• created; startups
• nanofabrication center, etc.

Rosatom has revealed the details of its quantum computer, the prototype of which will be ready by 2024

According to Ruslan Yunusov, head of the project office for quantum technologies at Rosatom State Corporation, the quantum computer is capable of solving the problems of organizing absolutely secure communications, efficient operation of ultra-accurate navigation systems and sensitive sensors in medicine, training neural networks, creating new materials and drugs, etc.

We do not set the task of overtaking the whole world in five years, "says Yunusov. - Now our lag is about 7-10 years. We want to reduce it to two or three years, and in some narrow areas to reach the forefront. Probably, these will be those areas where you do not have to overcome the technological barrier - for example, software solutions and algorithms. The key point of our program is the involvement of the world Russian-speaking diaspora. There are many high-class physicists in it, whose expertise we can use, and through them develop wider international cooperation.

According to the general director of Rosatom Alexei Likhachev, its own quantum computers should become the key to Russia's technological competitiveness, including in the nuclear industry.^[7]

Creation of the National Quantum Laboratory in Russia

On November 25, 2020, Rosatom announced the launch of a new federal project - the National Quantum Laboratory, which the state corporation created together with seven leading scientific centers of the Russian Federation: Kvant Joint Venture, HSE, MISIS NUST, MIPT, Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Quantum Center and Skolkovo Foundation. Read more here.

The Government of the Russian Federation decided to reduce the cost of quantum sensors by 6 times

In early September 2020, it became known about the risk of freezing the development of quantum processors due to budget cuts for this technology. This was warned in a letter to the Deputy Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media Maxim Parshin by the Director-at-Large of Rostec Vasily Brovko.

The state corporation planned to create a market for quantum sensors in Russia and estimated this task at 41 billion rubles. The government wanted to sequester the budget for the development of this technology to 7 billion rubles. Due to a decrease in state support, money will be enough only for research work, but it will not be possible to put the production of quantum sensors on stream and create their industrial samples, Brovko said. Vedomosti got acquainted with a copy of the letter, its authenticity was confirmed by a person close to Rostec and a federal official.

The Russian authorities decided to reduce the cost of quantum sensors by 6 times =

Quantum sensors based on atoms (ions, nuclei) and condensed media allow you to measure with high accuracy time intervals, mechanical motion parameters (movement, speed, acceleration), electrical, magnetic and gravitational fields. They are going to be used in satellite and ground communication systems. Sensors will allow you to determine the positions of satellites, ballistic missiles, aircraft, submarines, speed and direction of movement of unmanned vehicles. Among potential consumers of products based on quantum sensors, the roadmap lists the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Defense, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Railways, Rostelecom, Airbus, Yandex and other companies.

According to Vedomosti, the roadmap for quantum sensors was included in the Digital Technologies project and it was initially assumed that 18.4 billion ^[8] be allocated from the budget.https ^[9]]

Rosatom launched the first laboratory in Russia for the development of quantum AI for the nuclear industry

On July 7, 2020, it became known about the launch of the first laboratory in Russia for the development of quantum and artistic intelligence for the nuclear industry. This is a joint project of Rosatom and the Russian Quantum Center (RCC). Read more here.

Rosatom asked not to cut government spending on a quantum computer

At the end of June 2020, Rosatom's reaction to the proposal of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation to reduce state funding for the development of quantum computing by 50% became known. This initiative of the department, according to the state corporation, may have a negative impact on plans to create a quantum computer, given that the purchase of relevant equipment for 4.7 billion rubles is scheduled for 2020.

Rosatom sent a corresponding letter to the profile working group of the ANO Digital Economy. It follows from it that the funds of the federal project "Digital Technologies" in the amount of 8.1 billion rubles will be redistributed and cut. In the direction of "Quantum Computing" it was planned to allocate 5.72 billion rubles, including 2 billion rubles of state corporation funds.

A quantum computer from Rosatom may not be created by 2024 due to a 50% reduction in government funding for quantum computing in 2020

The need to build a full stack of quantum computer technologies does not allow excluding certain technological directions, Rosatom insists, so the corporation asks to provide funding in full.

According to Sergei Vikharev, director of the consulting group on promising technologies at KPMG in Russia and the CIS, without the necessary laboratory equipment, it is at an early stage of research that teams of scientists and engineers collected bit by bit can simply go to other projects, including abroad.

It is the equipping with the necessary elements from lasers to frequency generators that makes it possible to consider the project to create a quantum computer started, "he explained, adding that at subsequent stages it becomes possible to restructure work with less damage.

Nikolai Komlev, Executive Director of the Association of Computer and Information Technology Enterprises, believes that with commercial plans for a quantum computer, Rosatom could attract private funds and not depend on the state.

As an informed source told Kommersant, Rosatom's position, as well as proposals from other members of the working group, were sent to the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications.

Within the framework of the project, VNIIA named after N. L. Dukhov is engaged in the development of quantum computers, and the elements of the quantum computer - qubits - are also being worked at Moscow State University, MIPT, NUST MISIS and a number of other academic institutions.^[10] 

Russia will spend 23.6 billion rubles on the creation of quantum processors of four different types

On June 16, 2020, it became known that CNews had at its disposal a draft roadmap for the development of quantum computing technologies. The document was prepared by the state corporation Rosatom under the relevant contract with the Government.

In 2019, as part of the implementation of the activities of the federal project "Digital Technologies" of the national program "Digital Economy," the National Technical University of MISIS prepared a roadmap for the development of quantum technologies in Russia. Three sub-technologies were identified in it - quantum computing, quantum communications and quantum sensorics. For each of them, state corporations have prepared separate road maps.

According to the draft roadmap for quantum computing, the total financing of relevant measures in 2020-2024. should amount to 23.66 billion rubles. Of this amount, the federal budget will allocate 13.25 billion rubles, extrabudgetary sources - 10.4 billion rubles. Rosatom itself, within the framework of extrabudgetary funding, will allocate 1.5 billion rubles for the development of quantum computing.

The most expensive part of the roadmap is the development of several types of quantum processors. 18.6 billion rubles will be allocated for these funds. This amount will be divided by the federal budget and extrabudgetary sources approximately equally: 9.12 billion rubles. and 9.49 billion rubles. (including Rosatom 1.2 billion rubles.). Quantum processors with dozens of uncorrected qubits should be ready by the end of 2024, after which the commercialization of ready-made devices based on them will begin.

superconductors 9.87 billion rubles will be spent on the development of quantum processors based on. Of this amount, the federal budget and extrabudgetary sources will allocate about 5 billion rubles. each, including Rosatom will spend 380 million rubles. The global market for quantum processors based on semiconductors from $30 million in 2020 will increase to $250 million in 2024, CNews noted.

The creation of a quantum processor based on neutral atoms will cost 2.12 billion rubles. Of this amount, the federal budget and extrabudgetary sources will allocate about 1 billion rubles. each, including Rosatom 270 million rubles. The global market for quantum processors based on neutral atoms by 2024 according to CNews will be $100 million.

2.33 billion rubles will be spent on the creation of a quantum processor based on photon chips. Of this amount, the federal budget and extrabudgetary sources will allocate about 1.1 billion rubles. each, including Rosatom 210 million rubles.

4.29 billion rubles will be spent on the creation of a quantum processor based on ions in traps. Of this amount, the federal budget and extrabudgetary sources will allocate 2 billion rubles. each, including Rosatom 340 million rubles. The global market for quantum processors of this type by 2024 will amount to $150 million.

The implementation of the service to provide access to the cloud platform for quantum computing will cost 1.72 billion rubles. Of this amount, the federal budget will allocate 810 million rubles, extrabudgetary sources - 915 million rubles. (including Rosatom - 300 million rubles). It is understood to provide cloud access to quantum processors and support for solving problems on it.

The federal budget will spend 1.75 billion rubles on organizational measures as part of the development of quantum computing. Including 710 million rubles. will be aimed at creating a competence center and a project office for quantum computing based on Rosatom. Under the leadership of the project office, it is planned to form a consortium of teams - developers of quantum computing, universities and research centers. Also, key customer organizations will create competence centers in order to implement practical tasks on specific quantum platforms and develop models for the business application of problem solutions in the field of quantum computing.

The federal budget will allocate 420 million rubles for training personnel in the field of quantum computing. Including 100 million rubles will be spent on attracting foreign specialists. The federal budget will spend 545 million rubles on the formation of an ecosystem for quantum computing. Including acceleration and assistance to development enterprises in providing support measures will require costs in the amount of 175 million rubles. The creation of the National Quantum Laboratory will require another 280 million rubles. The federal budget will spend 273 million rubles on the preparation of infrastructure for quantum computing. A platform will be created for the interaction of key participants in the development of quantum computing, including scientific and educational organizations, startups, customer organizations, development institutions. The federal budget will allocate 340 million rubles for the formation and development of demand and sales markets.

The authors of the roadmap expect that according to the results of the implementation of the measures laid down in the document, the volume of sales of Russian companies in the domestic market of solutions based on quantum computing technologies in 2024 will amount to 150 million rubles.^[11]

2019

Rosatom has developed a roadmap for the development of quantum computing in Russia

On December 16, 2019, it became known about the new roadmap developed by Rosatom as a plan for the development of quantum computing in Russia. The state corporation offers the concept of simultaneous creation of equipment and software.

According to Rosatom's plans, the development of quantum technologies in Russia will require about 23.7 billion rubles until 2024. About half of this amount will go to work on capital-intensive superconducting quantum computers, and the development of software solutions will require about 2 billion rubles, the Russian Quantum Center (RCC) told Kommersant.

It became known about the new roadmap, which was developed by Rosatom as a plan for the development of quantum computing in Russia

Many companies are interested. We plan to work in parallel to create software for a quantum computer so that when its power reaches a sufficient size, the software is ready for it, "Ruslan Yunusov, general director of the RCC, told the publication.

According to him, within the framework of the project, it is planned to create software for business requests. By mid-December 2019, negotiations are underway with 25 companies, including Sberbank Sberbank Technology"," "" and GazprombankSibur"," Gazpromneft he said.

Ilya Massukh, a member of the expert council on Russian software, points out that the funds laid down in the entire draft roadmap are less than the costs of large foreign companies for quantum computing one by one. At the same time, he supported the concept of simultaneously developing software and hardware technologies and added that Russia is not lagging behind in the field of quantum development.

Nikolai Komlev, Executive Director of the Association of Computer and Information Technology Enterprises, says that companies are not yet ready to use quantum computing. There is no real demand yet, we need not unique experimental installations, but finished products with understandable application software and real examples of use, he is sure.^[12]

Development of a quantum computer "Rosatom" for 24 billion rubles

In early November 2019, it became known about the beginning of Rosatom's development of a quantum computer. Its creation will cost 24 billion rubles, of which 13.3 billion rubles are budget funds, Ekaterina Solntseva, director for digitalization of the state corporation, told Vedomosti .

According to her, Rosatom's money will be included in extrabudgetary funds, but it is planned to attract other companies to participate.

Rosatom announced the development of a quantum computer for 24 billion rubles

The first four prototypes of the computer in Rosatom are planned to be developed by 2024 - their size will be from 50 to 100 qubits. So far, Russian specialists have managed to create systems consisting of only two qubits, while American and European scientists have already developed devices built on 50-70 qubits.

The project office was headed by Ruslan Yunusov, general director of the Russian Quantum Center (RCC), who led the development of a roadmap for quantum technologies within the framework of the Digital Economy federal program.

According to Yunusov, processors for quantum computers will be produced in Russia, other components, for example, lasers or measuring equipment, can be bought abroad. In addition, a cloud platform with remote access is going to be developed for the domestic device, which will be based in Russia.

According to the general director of Rosatom Alexei Likhachev, its own quantum computers should become the key to Russia's technological competitiveness, including in the nuclear industry.

The development will help Russia become one of the countries leading the quantum race, Rosatom said in a statement. There is an agreement between the Russian government and Rosatom on the development of quantum computing in the country. 

Quantum computers are capable of solving problems that are not available even to the most powerful supercomputers, Vedomosti writes: for example, modeling the behavior of complex molecules (necessary for the development of new drugs and materials), extensive logistics tasks, working with big data, and so on.^[13]

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