Fruits, vegetables and berries (Russian market)

Main article: Agriculture in Russia

Main article: Fruits, vegetables and berries (global market)

Grapes

Main article: Grapes (Russian market)

2023

Increase in imports of dried fruits to Russia by 19.8% to 85.8 thousand tons

In 2023, 85.8 thousand tons of dried fruits were imported to Russia. This is 19.8% more in relation to 2022, when 71.6 thousand tons of these products were imported into the country. Market indicators are given in a study by BusinesStat, the results of which were published at the end of October 2024.

The review takes into account the import of raisins, figs, dried apricots, dates, prunes, mixtures of dried fruits, etc. It is noted that foreign dried fruits prevail on the Russian market: in 2023, their share was approximately 97%. At the same time, domestic demand is very sensitive to the level of prices: with their growth, consumption decreases significantly, with a decrease, it grows. The volume of import of products into the Russian Federation is also changing accordingly.

According to estimates, 91.8 thousand tons of dried fruits were imported to Russia in 2019. In 2020, a 5.6% decline was recorded - to 86.7 thousand tons. In 2021 and 2022, negative dynamics was also noted: the decrease was 10.1% and 8.1%, respectively, with a final result of 77.9 thousand and 71.6 thousand tons. It is noted that in 2021, prices for dried fruits rose due to crop failure in many regions of Central Asia. And in 2022, the complexity of supply chains had a negative impact on the cost of products against the background of the emerging geopolitical situation: the price of imports of dried fruits to Russia increased by a record 23%.

The situation began to stabilize in 2023. This was facilitated by the increase in supplies from the countries of Central and South Asia, as well as North. Africa Shipments of products from increased significantly. The India report notes that in 2019-2023, the main supplier countries that provided more than 70% of imported dried fruits to Russia were,,, Turkey,, and Uzbekistan Chile. In Tajikistan Kazakhstan Algeria 2023, Belarus^[1]

Vegetable harvest growth by 5% to 34 million tons

At the end of 2023, the gross harvest of vegetables and mushrooms in Russia reached 34 million tons. This is 5% more compared to 2022, when the volume of the crop was estimated at more than 32 million tons. Favorable weather conditions contributed to the growth, as stated in BusinesStat materials published in mid-October 2024.

The study takes into account various types of mushrooms (including truffles), peas, potatoes, cabbage leaves, carrots, cucumbers and gherkins, tomatoes, onions, table beets, garlic and other fresh vegetables. Among the largest enterprises in the industry are named LLC TK Zelenaya Liniya, LLC Agrokultura Group, LLC Agro-Invest, LLC TK Yeletsky Vegetables and LLC Vegetables Chernozemye.

According to estimates, in 2019, the gross harvest of vegetables and mushrooms in the Russian Federation was about 36 million tons. In 2020 and 2021, a drop of 7% and 6% was recorded, respectively, with a final result of about 33 million and 31 million tons. Unfavorable weather conditions during this period provoked a decrease in yields, which entailed a significant increase in prices for potatoes and other vegetables. Against this background, agricultural producers began to expand their sown areas.

In 2022, the gross harvest of vegetables and mushrooms in Russia rose by 3%, amounting to 32.4 million tons. At the same time, the main harvest was received in personal subsidiary farms - 18.3 million tons, or 57% of the total indicator. Agricultural organizations harvested 8.2 million tons of vegetables and mushrooms - 25% of the crop. Farms provided 5.9 million tons, or 18%. At the same time, due to the worsening geopolitical situation, the costs of agricultural producers significantly increased and the profitability of production decreased. Against the background of sanctions, difficulties arose with imported seeds, fertilizers, spare parts for harvesting equipment, logistics costs increased, and the usual supply chains were disrupted.^[2]

Harvest of fresh fruits in Russia increased by 1%, to 4.9 million tons

At the end of 2023, the gross harvest of fresh fruits in Russia reached 4.9 million tons. This is about 1% more compared to 2022, when the figure was 4.85 million tons. Such data are given in the BusinesStat study, the results of which were published in mid-October 2024.

The review takes into account apricots, avocados, pineapples, guayava, figs, mango and mangostan, dates, oranges, watermelons and melons, bananas, grapefruits and pomelo, pears and quince, lemons and limes, tangerines and similar hybrids, peaches and nectarines, plums, apples, etc. Among the leading enterprises of the industry are named LLC NPG Sady Pridonya, JSC Sad-Giant, LLC Cossack Khutor, JSC Crimean Fruit Company, etc.

According to estimates, in 2019, the collection of fresh fruits in Russia amounted to 4.24 million tons. A year later, there was a 0.6% drop to 4.21 million tons. The market then returned to growth. So, in 2021, an increase of 14.1% was noted with a final result of 4.81 million tons, while in 2022 the increase was 0.8%. In general, in 2019-2023, the gross harvest of fresh fruits in the Russian Federation increased by 15.5%.

The study notes that the government provides support to farmers by providing subsidies for laying and caring for new plantations. From June 2023, a "stimulating" subsidy was introduced for the creation of intensive gardens of seed and stone crops, subject to the use of only domestic seedlings. However, there are also restraining factors. This, in particular, is a lack of fruit storage. Due to their shortage, producers are forced to sell grown fruits in a short time. For the development of domestic horticulture, it is planned to implement new investment projects for the construction of storage facilities in the country. It is also reported that in 2019-2023, the export of fresh fruits from Russia decreased by 51.7% - from 176.3 thousand tons to 85.1 thousand tons.^[3]

Reduction in imports of fresh berries by 18% to 495.4 thousand tons

In 2023, 495.4 thousand tons of fresh berries were imported to Russia. This is about 18% less compared to 2022, when 601.2 thousand tons of these products were imported into the Russian Federation. The sharp decline is primarily due to a decrease in grape imports, as stated in the BusinesStat review, published in mid-August 2024.

The study considers the following types of berries: grapes, sour cherries, strawberries, gooseberries, raspberries, currants, cherries and other cherries, blueberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blackberries, cranberries, logans berry, sea buckthorn, mulberry. The report takes into account only those products that were produced outside of Russia. Berries previously exported from the Russian Federation and re-imported back are not included in the import volume.

Reduction in imports of fresh berries by 18% to 495.4 thousand tons

According to estimates, 392.4 thousand tons of fresh berries were imported into the Russian Federation in 2019. In 2020, an increase of 16.7% was recorded - up to 458.1 thousand tons. In 2021, an increase of 25% followed with a result of 572.7 thousand tons, while in 2022 an increase of 5% was noted. In general, in 2019-2022, imports of fresh berries to Russia rose by 53.2%.

It is noted that the development of imports was facilitated by an increase in demand for berries for processing and an increase in sales in the consumer segment after the COVID-19 pandemic with a limited increase in gross collection. Russian trade enterprises and producers of berries products were forced to purchase more imported berries to support their production activities.

But in 2023, due to the worsening geopolitical situation, imports of fresh berries to Russia fell sharply. Under the conditions of sanctions, difficulties were observed with payment for foreign economic transactions and logistical problems. In addition, demand for grapes from the wine industry fell. The fact is that wine producers are dependent on the import of components for the manufacture of their products, the supply of which has also become more complicated: this has led to a decrease in output.^[4]

Apple and pear harvesting in Russia rose to 2.89 million tons

According to analysts, in Rosselkhozbank 2023, the total harvest of apple, pear and quince fruits reached 2.89 million tons, which exceeds 2022. The bulk of production is concentrated in, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic which accounts for 25% of the total collection. Such data were released in August 2024.

According to Rosselkhozbank, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, traditionally the leader in the production of seed crops, collected 737 thousand tons of apples and pears in 2023. The second place was taken by the Krasnodar Territory with a volume of 503 thousand tons, and the third - the Republic of Crimea, where the harvest amounted to 168 thousand tons. The top ten also included the Volgograd region (131.3 thousand tons), the Republic of Dagestan (119.6 thousand tons) and the Voronezh region (107.7 thousand tons).

In the Russian Federation, there is an increase in the volume of harvesting apples and pears

Most fruits in Russia are collected by large agricultural organizations, which provided 53% of the total harvest in 2023. Households contributed 38% to the total gross collection, and farmers - 9%. The yield of seed crops from agricultural organizations amounted to 239 centners per hectare, which exceeds the indicators of farms (219 c/ha) and households (132 c/ha).

According to Andrei Dalnov, chief industry analyst at Rosselkhozbank, Russia's self-sufficiency in fruits and berries is now approaching 50%. The import substitution process in this segment faces difficulties, but the gradual growth of domestic production is a positive signal for the market.

A significant role in this growth is played by the development of intensive gardens, which is actively supported by the Rosselkhozbank. In particular, a plantation with an area of ​ ​ 727 hectares was laid in the Krasnodar Territory, the total production of which is 20 thousand tons. Also in Kabardino-Balkaria, a complex was built for the storage, sorting, packaging and processing of fruits with a one-time storage capacity of 5.3 thousand tons.^[5]

Vegetable consumption in Russia increased by 2.5% to 106.6 kg/person

In Russia, the consumption of vegetables and melons in 2023 reached a new record, increasing by 2.5% compared to 2022 and amounting to 106.6 kg on average per person. This became known on August 9, 2024 from Rosstat data published in a report on food consumption in Russian households.

According to the information provided in the report, in 2023, vegetable consumption in the country increased steadily against the background of increasing public interest in healthy eating and awareness of the importance of fresh vegetables in the diet. This trend, despite a 26% increase in vegetable prices for 2023, continues to strengthen, which indicates the growing demand for this category of products among Russian consumers.

Vegetable consumption in Russia reaches a new record

The increase in vegetable consumption in Russia is explained by several factors. Firstly, this is the desire of Russians for a healthier lifestyle, which is reflected in the increased demand for fresh vegetables. Second, the impact is being made by changing preferences in dietary patterns, with populations increasingly abandoning traditional carbohydrates and high sugar foods in favour of healthier alternatives.

According to RBC, the Rosstat report also recorded an increase in potato consumption by 4.5%, to almost 55 kg per person, which was a noticeable change after a long-term decrease in this indicator. This confirms a general change in population preferences in favor of more traditional foods, which may be due to both economic factors and changes in dietary patterns.

On the back of growing vegetable consumption, there was a 3.8% decline in bread and bread consumption in 2023, also a record low since the 1990s. This fact indicates significant changes in the diet of Russians, when preference is given to products considered more useful and dietary.^[6]

Sales of vegetable seeds in Russia for the year increased to 14.9 billion rubles

At the end of 2023, the volume of the Russian market for seeds of vegetable crops reached 14.9 billion rubles. For comparison, in 2022, sales of these products were estimated at 13.2 billion rubles. Thus, taking into account inflation, an increase of about 13% was recorded. The dynamics of the market is considered in the review of the company "GuideMarket," published on July 24, 2024.

The study says that the vegetable industry in Russia is the main component of crop production, the development of which determines the basis of life and food security. One of the leading roles in the policy of food security and national independence of the Russian Federation is played by the selection and seed production of vegetable crops. It is noted that the Russian vegetable seed market is largely represented by foreign products. Therefore, the instability of the political situation in the world has a negative impact on this segment.

According to estimates, in 2019 the volume of the vegetable seed industry in the Russian Federation amounted to about 7.9 billion rubles. In 2020, an increase of 12.1% followed - to 8.8 billion rubles. In 2021 and 2022, sales increased by 15.7% and 29.4%, respectively, to 10.2 billion and 13.2 billion rubles. The main factors stimulating the growth of the market are the increase in the number of personal subsidiary farms, summer cottages and garden plots, as well as an increase in the level of consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. It is noted that in February 2023, the demand for seeds and soil increased by 89% compared to the same period of the previous year.

From a regional point of view, the most significant growth is recorded in St. Petersburg, Samara, Voronezh, Perm and Moscow, where seeds of vegetables, greens and flowers are most often purchased. In general, the observed trend indicates the stable state of the market and its potential for further growth against the background of the development of home gardening and the field of healthy nutrition.^[7]

In Russia, the construction of year-round greenhouses has decreased - 90 to 60 hectares

In Russia, a decrease in the pace of construction of year-round greenhouses was recorded: in 2023 they were introduced in the amount of 60 hectares against 90 hectares a year earlier. This was reported to the Ministry of Agriculture in June 2024.

According to the forecasts of the department, in 2024 about 108 hectares of such greenhouses will be introduced, which, although it indicates some growth compared to the previous two years, does not allow reaching the level of construction characteristic of the mid-2010s.

Reducing the construction of year-round greenhouses in Russia

According to the project manager of the Aluminum Association Andrei Funk, despite the expected commissioning of about 100 hectares of greenhouses in 2024, the overall decline in construction continues.

The peak of the introduction of new greenhouse enterprises in Russia fell on the period from 2015 to 2021. In the best years, up to 300 hectares of greenhouses were introduced annually, but in recent years the pace of construction has significantly decreased. According to the representative of the Ministry of Agriculture, this is due to the saturation of the market with domestic products of protected soil.

According to the National Union of Fruit and Vegetable Producers, in 2018 there were 2,452 hectares of greenhouse complexes in Russia, of which more than half were outdated, energy-consuming structures. In recent years, the situation has changed due to the intensive introduction of modern greenhouses of the 4th and 5th generations. By the end of 2023, the total area of ​ ​ greenhouse complexes reached 3231 hectares, of which 2165 hectares are occupied by modern year-round greenhouses.

The development of the greenhouse industry is actively underway in the Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts. In the European part of the country, the construction of new greenhouses is practically not carried out due to the saturation of the market. Director of the Institute for Agricultural Market Studies Dmitry Rylko explained that the European part of Russia is already sufficiently provided with greenhouse complexes.^[8]

Fresh apple sales up 1.2% to 2.19 million tonnes

In 2023, sales of fresh apples in Russia reached 2.19 million tons. The volume of sales of these fruits has been growing steadily since 2019, which is facilitated by an increase in harvest, as well as high demand from the industrial processing sector and retail buyers. Statistics on the market in early February 2024 were published by BusinesStat.

The review says that the largest volume of apples in Russia is sold at retail. Ordinary buyers increasingly prefer fresh fruits and healthy food. In addition, the demand for apples in the field of catering and production is growing. The demand for such finished products as juices, mashed potatoes, jam, jams, etc.

According to estimates, 1.77 million tons of fresh apples were sold on the Russian market in 2019. In 2020 and 2021, sales increased by 3.5% and 8.7%, respectively - to 1.83 million and 1.99 million tons. In 2022, an increase was recorded at 8.4% with a final result of about 2.16 million tons. At the end of 2023, the growth was approximately 1.2%.

The study says that in 2019-2023, in general, apple sales in Russia increased by 23.4%. At the same time, the development of the industry was constrained by the lack of capacity of fruit storage facilities, the seasonality of its own production and a large share of natural consumption.

The restrictions imposed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect the industry, as grocery stores continued to operate as usual. Sales grew due to the short-term rush demand for food at the beginning of quarantine. At the same time, some industries purchasing fresh apples are officially recognized as affected by the spread of coronavirus. They include the field of catering: restaurants and cafes did not work for several months and did not purchase products for their activities.^[9]

Growth in expenses for the production of vegetables in Russia almost doubled to 4.6 billion rubles

The costs of vegetable production in Russia in 2023 almost doubled compared to 202 and reached 4.6 billion rubles. Such data on January 9, 2024 led the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.

As explained in the department, we are talking about the implementation of the federal project "Development of vegetable and potato growing," which started in 2023, expanding state support for this area. The project covered 76 regions of the country.

Subsidies per unit of produced products were able to receive both large and small forms of management. For farmers, pogectar support for commodity production has been preserved. Special attention will be paid to the regions of the Far East and the Kaliningrad region, where an increasing coefficient is provided. One of the important innovations was the support of personal subsidiary farms that apply a special tax regime when selling products, the Ministry of Agriculture noted.

At the end of 2023, potato production in the organized sector, according to preliminary data from Rosstat, amounted to 8.6 million tons. This is 18% more than a year earlier and is the highest figure in the last 30 years. The largest volumes fell on the Bryansk, Tula, Moscow, Astrakhan and Nizhny Novgorod regions.

The harvest of vegetables of open and protected soil in the organized sector, according to Rosstat, amounted to about 7.2 million tons. The traditional leaders in the production of open ground vegetables in our country are Astrakhan, Moscow,, Volgograd Rostovskaya Saratov regions,, Krasnodar Territory as well as. In the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria production of vegetables in protected soil, the key producing regions are, Lipetsk Moscow,, Kaluzhskaya Volgograd regions, Krasnodar and territories. Stavropol ^[10]

Russia leads cherry, peach and nectarine purchases in Turkey

in Russia 2022/2023, the agricultural year purchased Turkey the most cherries, peaches and nectarines - about 25.17 thousand tons against 23.12 thousand tons a year earlier. This is evidenced by the data of the review of the Foreign Agrarian Service (FAS) of the Ministry, agriculture USA published in August 2023. More. here

2022

98% of bananas come from Ecuador

Decline in nut imports by 18% to 190.8 thousand tons

In 2022, 190.8 thousand tons of nuts (in terms of core) were delivered to Russia from abroad, which is 18% less than a year ago. This was announced in the analytical company BusinesStat at the end of December 2023.

Imports of nuts to Russia from Brazil (from 100.6 to 63.8 thousand tons), Argentina (from 37.3 to 17.8 thousand tons) and Nicaragua (from 7.5 to 0.8 thousand tons) decreased the most. The rupture of supply chains amid sanctions has led to restrictions on working with individual Latin American nut suppliers. The increase in imports from Azerbaijan, Turkey and Uzbekistan helped to partially compensate for the decrease in supplies, the researchers note.

According to their estimates, peanuts took the largest share in the structure of foreign nut supplies to the Russian Federation in 2022. Peanuts are the cheapest type of nuts and the most widely used in the confectionery industry, which explains its popularity. In 2022, the share of peanuts in nut imports amounted to 70.3%, which corresponded to 134.1 thousand tons. Hazelnuts took 8.7% of imports (16.7 thousand tons), cashew - 7.9% (15.1 thousand tons), walnut - 5.7% (10.9 thousand tons), almonds - 4% (7.6 thousand tons). The remaining types of nuts accounted for 3.4% of imports (6.5 thousand tons) in total.

Analysts also note that in 2022 nuts were also supplied to Russia Estonia (annual volume - 22.2 thousand tons), (Latvia 10.1 thousand tons), (Lithuania 2.9 thousand tons) and (Netherlands 1.7 thousand tons). The countries listed are not major nut producers. Previously, supplies from these countries were insignificant, given the effect of the food embargo (since 2014) on food produced European Union. Nuts Europe produced in Argentina, Brazil, and began to be imported from countries to Russia in 2022. In Philippines Vietnam 2022, China^[11]

Growth in sales of frozen vegetables and mushrooms by 14.6%, to 11.2 billion rubles

Sales of frozen vegetables (except potatoes) and mushrooms in Russia in 2022 reached 11.26 billion rubles, which is 14.6% more than a year earlier. In the period from 2018 to 2022, the market volume grew by an average of 14.6% per year. Analysts of the market research agency GuideMarket reported this in October 2023.

They note that in five years - from 2018 to 2022. - the revenue of the largest producers in the market of frozen vegetables (except potatoes) and mushrooms in Russia increased by more than 1.8 times. Researchers associate this rise with an increase in consumer demand against the background of an acceleration in the rhythm of life of the population, an increase in the income of the urban population, and the popularization of healthy eating.

According to data, in Rosstat 2018-2022. the production of frozen vegetables in Russia increased 1.9 times, but at the end of 2022 there was a decrease in output by 18% due to a decrease in consumer demand. In Russia, the leading producer of frozen vegetables is Western Cold Processing Plant, which occupies more than 20% of the market. The company carries out a full cycle of processing vegetables and produces a wide range of products under the brand name "4 seasons." In addition, the company is engaged in contract production by order of Tape the "" and "" networks. Dixy Among other leaders in the production of frozen vegetables in Russia, Interagro singled out TD Pokotorg, Trio-Invest, Belgorod Vegetables and Ortika Frozen Foods.

Analysts point to a significant share of imports in this segment of vegetable products, almost three times the volume of production. According to Interagro, the share of imports in the resources of frozen vegetables in Russia at the end of 2021 amounted to more than 70%. According to experts, the development of the production of frozen vegetables in Russia is constrained by the lack of high-quality, reliable and financially affordable fluidization rapid freezing devices.^[12]

Apple sales up 6% to 3.33 million tonnes

In 2022, the volume of the Russian apple market amounted to 3.33 million tons, which is 6% more than a year earlier. Sales of these fruits continued to grow. This is evidenced by the data of the market research agency "GuideMarket," which were released in early October 2023.

Analysts estimate the potential capacity of the apple market in Russia at 3500-3600 thousand tons. To achieve this capacity, it is necessary to ensure the maximum price availability of fresh apples, as well as stimulate consumption to the level of 24-25 kg of apples per year per capita, they say.

Using their own raw materials to produce juice products could also fuel the growth of the market, the researchers said. If we focus on the recommendations of the Ministry of Health on the rate of consumption of apples per year (50 kg per person), then the potential market capacity may increase by 119% compared to the current volume.

These data indicate the growth prospects of the industry and create new opportunities for apple producers and consumers in Russia. The growth of the apple market not only contributes to economic development, but also has a beneficial effect on the health of the population, providing access to fresh and healthy fruities.The study notes that the "apple boom" opens up new prospects for producers to develop and the possibility of increasing their market share. They can focus on improving the quality and diversity of their products, as well as developing innovative approaches to apple production and packaging. Consumers are also benefiting from the growth of the apple market. The greater variety and availability of fresh apples allows them to enjoy the taste and benefits of these fruits. A wider selection of apples also contributes to diet diversity and healthy eating levels.^[13]

Sales of fruits and vegetables in Russian stores returned to growth

Sales of fresh fruits and vegetables in stores RUSSIAN FEDERATION returned to growth (+ 3.4% in physical terms in 2022) after a decline of 2.2% in 2021. This is evidenced by analyst data Nielsen IQ published in August 2023.

In money, the volume of the Russian market for fresh fruits and vegetables in 2022 increased by 8.8%, with vegetables making the main contribution to this rise. At the same time, as the researchers note, the situation in individual segments varies, and the drivers of both positive and negative trends differ in many individual cases. Thus, the leaders in growth in terms of natural sales in 2022 were goods with a small share in the category structure (nectarines, blueberries, plums, kiwi). Deflation was observed in the listed segments - high sales rates could be due precisely to lower prices and increased interest from buyers against the background of a general rise in the cost of FMCG goods, the study says.

As for the larger segments of vegetables and fruits, prices for such products in 2022 mainly increased. Against this background, demand for some categories slowed down - for example, natural sales of bananas, peppers, herbs and oranges went into the red against the background of inflation at the level of 8% to 20%. At the same time, in the most popular segments (tomatoes, apples, potatoes, cabbage), which occupy the most significant share of basket sales, the dynamics remained in a positive zone even amid rising prices - this is largely due to the wide consumption of such vegetables and fruits, which make up the base of the consumer basket of Russian buyers.

Analysts add that the seasonality of the industry and the associated decline in prices partly cause an increase in consumer interest: for example, if at the beginning of the year the dynamics of vegetable sales slowed down, then since May 2022, sales indicators have reached a positive zone against the background of simultaneous cheaper products. At the same time, during the seasonal peak of sales, potatoes and cabbage made the greatest contribution to the deflation of vegetables - that is, those goods that went up the most in price in the first half of the year.^[14]

21.9% increase in vegetable seed sales

In 2022, 1.46 thousand tons of vegetable seeds were sold in Russia, which is 21.9% more compared to 2021. Experts from the GuideMarket marketing agency disclosed such data in August 2023.

According to a study in 2022, due to the aggravation of the political situation and due to the instability of the exchange rate, many agricultural enterprises in Russia faced difficulties in importing seeds due to the impact of the current crisis due to the special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, Western sanctions and logistics problems. Therefore, the market in 2022 grew mainly due to purchases "for future use," experts explain.

In March, immediately after the start of the SVO, a huge number of foreign seed producers, referring to force majeure, terminated the already paid contracts. And a little later, the same seeds reappeared on the Russian market, only at a price twice as high. In general, it is not surprising that import substitution of seeds is perhaps the most discussed topic at the level of the Ministry of Agriculture and the government, analysts say.

The share of domestic seeds in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in 2022 amounted to about 60%. This was announced at the end of December 2023 by the director of the selection and seed production department of the Ministry of Agriculture Irina Lavrentieva. According to her, for a number of crops this figure is much lower: for example, the share of domestic sugar beet seeds was measured at 1.8%, potatoes - 7%.

Now our task is to organize interaction between science and business so that business companies form their requirements - what seeds, what varieties, what hybrids they need, what selection they need, what selection will be in demand, "Lavrentieva said. - We would like scientific organizations, breeders, directly understanding the needs of the business, to work on those varieties of hybrids that will be in demand now or which will be in demand in the market in the future. The wishes of the business will be put at the forefront.[15]

The growth of imports of canned olives and olives to Russia resumed

In 2022, the growth of imports of canned olives and olives to Russia resumed - the volume of supplies increased by 5.8% (to 77.2 thousand tons) compared to 2021, when there was a decline of 1.1%. This is evidenced by data from the analytical agency BusinesStat, which was released in July 2023.

According to experts, the increase in imports of olives and olives in the Russian Federation at the end of 2022 occurred largely due to the projected crop failure of olives in 2023 due to heat waves and drought. Also on the market there are negative expectations of market players associated with sanctions pressure: if olives and olives fall under restrictions, then the volume of imports will become catastrophically low, researchers say.

They note that as of May 2023, there were no direct sanctions on the import of olives and olives into Russia, but retail chains report difficulties with payment and delivery due to complications of foreign exchange transactions and imbalances in supply chains. In this regard, some suppliers refused to cooperate with Russian importers. Spain supplies 70% of canned olives and olives. There are no alternative suppliers that can completely replace Spanish products. The introduction of a tough sanctions scenario will be a serious challenge for the Russian market, the study said.

As for 2021, when there was a drop in imports of olives and olives, the reason for this was a significant increase in imports in 2019 (as a result, high volumes of reserves were formed), devaluation of the ruble, crop failure of olives due to the Filomena snowstorm in Spain. In addition, the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has caused a lack of labor, which has made harvesting difficult.^[16]

The increase in the area of ​ ​ raspberry plantations by 17.6% over 5 years to 24.1 thousand hectares

The area of ​ ​ raspberry plantations in Russia over 5 years has grown by 17.6% - from 20.5 thousand hectares in 2018 to 24.1 thousand in 2022. Such data analysts BusinesStat released in May 2023.

According to the researchers, the expansion of the area of ​ ​ raspberry planting was associated with the implementation of a "State program for agriculture the development and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food" in the country. The State Program provides for the allocation of subsidies to support the laying and care of perennial plantings of agricultural producers. Measures of state support for the industry also include: preferential investment lending, compensation for the costs incurred for the creation and modernization of facilities. AGRARIAN AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX In addition, from October 1, 2019, a reduced rate VAT of 10% began to operate for berries and fruits grown in Russia, experts explain.

The study says that in 2022, as a result of the sanctions, access to imported seedlings, fertilizers and plant protection products was limited. At the same time, existing high-tech buttocks were laid down until 2022. At the end of 2022, the sown areas of raspberries in Russia did not decrease - they increased by 1%. At the same time, in 2021 and 2020. growth was measured at 9% and 5%, respectively.

Sown area - an area occupied by raspberry planting. The sown area of ​ ​ raspberries, taking into account the yield, corresponds to the maximum possible level of raspberry harvesting.

In 2022, a program for the development of gardening and nursery farming continued to operate in Russia. It includes the following activities:

• selection, nursery farming and horticulture of competitive domestic varieties of fruit and berry crops;
• development of pathogen diagnostics for plants;
• production of chemical agents and agrochemicals of biological origin for the protection of fruit and berry plants;
• development of technologies for the production and post-harvest storage of fruits and berries.^[17]

16.2% reduction in imports of fresh fruits to 4.14 million tons

Imports of fresh fruits to Russia in 2022 decreased by 16.2% compared to the volume of one year ago - to 4.14 million tons from 4.94 million. Under these conditions, the Russian Federation strengthens the processes of import substitution on the market. This was reported in a study by BusinesStat, published in May 2023.

According to experts, the main problems for fruit imports are associated with the introduction of Western sanctions against Russia. These restrictions led to the rupture of supply chains, and also complicated payments on foreign economic transactions. Foreign companies from countries supporting sanctions were afraid to work with Russian business due to reputational risks. For individual suppliers, the Russian market has become economically unprofitable due to logistics problems. For example, Moldovan gardeners had to transport apples through several countries and even by sea. Supplies of drains from Moldova and Serbia were reoriented to the European market.

In their study, BusinesStat analysts attributed the following fruits to fruits:

• apricots
• avocado, pineapples, guayava, figs, mango and mangostan, dates
• oranges
• watermelons and melons
• bananas
• grapefruit and pomelo
• pears and quince
• lemons and limes
• tangerines and similar hybrids
• peaches and nectarines
• plums
• apples
• other citrus fruits.

The study says that in 2021-2022. thanks to state support measures, farmers managed to increase the area of ​ ​ gardens by 4.3% - up to 415.3 thousand hectares. The Ministry of Agriculture has developed a subprogram "Development of nursery farming and horticulture in the Russian Federation," which implies the construction of phytotrons (premises for growing plants) in scientific centers and the organization of basic nurseries with an area of ​ ​ at least 500 hectares with modern protected soil. This measure is able to bring the annual sustainable production of planting material of fruit and berry crops of domestic varieties to 23-24 million pieces per year.^[18]

Sales of currants in Russia increased by 19%

In 2022, 162 thousand tons of currants were sold in Russia, which is 19% more compared to 2018. This rise was facilitated by the development of a food culture and the expansion of the range of retail chains, the analytical agency BusinesStat reported in May 2023.

According to experts, the growth in sales of currants was restrained by a significant share of natural consumption, a high dependence of the quality of berries on the terms and conditions of storage, transportation and sale, as well as pronounced seasonality.

According to the study, the food industry is experiencing the greatest need for currants. Berries are used in making jam, baby food and confectionery. A significant part of the crop is processed into concentrates, intended mainly for the production of juices and fruit drinks. In the experience of previous periods, because of the popularity of currants in the food industry, sales of these berries do not respond well to economic crises.

In 2022, the refining sector accounted for almost 78% of total sales. Retail sales accounted for about 20%. The least fresh currants were used in the HoReCa sector (restaurants and hotels) - approximately 2%.

BusinesStat calculated that In 2020-2022. imports of fresh currants to Russia doubled compared to 2019 and in 2022 amounted to 954.3 tons. An increase in demand for currants for processing, as well as an increase in consumer demand for fresh berries from the population during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, contributed to an increase in imported purchases of currants. Western sanctions did not have a negative impact on the volume of imported purchases of fresh berries. Due to the effect of the food embargo, there were no "unfriendly" among countries importing fresh berries to Russia by 2022, experts said.^[19]

Harvest of fruits and berries increased by 5.8% to 4.3 million tons

At the end of 2022, the collection of fruits and berries in Russia reached 4.3 million tons, which is 5.8% more than a year ago (4 million tons). Rosstat published such data on March 24, 2023.

According to the Interfax agency with reference to the materials of the department, we are talking about the harvest in farms of all categories, including personal subsidiary farms of citizens. Including in agricultural organizations, the collection of berries and fruits increased to 1.5 million tons from 1.2 million tons in 2021.

According to the results of 2022, the total area of ​ ​ fruit and berry plantations reached 450 thousand hectares against 463.3 thousand hectares in 2021, including 132.2 thousand hectares in agricultural organizations against 140.1 thousand hectares. At the same time, the area of ​ ​ fruit and berry plantations in the fruiting age in agricultural organizations increased to 97 thousand hectares from 85.4 thousand hectares.

According to Rosstat estimates, the collection of grapes in farms of all categories in 2022 amounted to 889.6 thousand tons (751.9 thousand tons in 2021), including 672 thousand tons in agricultural organizations. The total area under the vineyards increased to 101.2 thousand hectares from 99.4 thousand hectares a year earlier.

The collection of seed crops increased to 2.9 million tons from 2.6 million tons in 2021, stone crops - to 650 thousand tons from 639.7 thousand tons, respectively. Nuts collected 2.7 thousand tons against 3.4 thousand tons.

As noted by Artem Korovin, Deputy Director of the Department of Crop Production, Mechanization, Chemization and Plant Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture, in November 2022, on average, over the past five years, about 16 thousand hectares of new perennial plantations were laid in the Russian Federation; the target indicator for 2022 is 12.4 thousand hectares. Then it was noted that the share of domestic seedlings from 2019 to 2021 increased to 75% to 62%, the share of imported seedlings decreased to 25% from 38%, and in 2022 this ratio could be 75.8% and 24.2%.^[20]

Reduction of greenhouse vegetable imports by 12.9% to 412.7 thousand tons

At the end of 2022, about 412.7 thousand tons of greenhouse vegetables were imported into Russia from abroad, which is 12.9% less than a year ago (473.9 thousand tons). In money, the volume of imports decreased by 6.4% - from $531.6 million to $497.6 million. Such data in March 2023 led the fruit and vegetable union.

According to his estimates, imports of cucumbers in Russia in 2022 decreased by 11.5%, tomatoes - by 13.1%. Tomatoes and cucumbers were imported mainly from Turkey, Belarus, China, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. The Union recalls that in 2022 the greenhouse industry broke another record, collecting 1.5 million tons of vegetables. This is 7% more compared to 2021.

Since 2015, the industry has been steadily gaining pace in the production of greenhouse vegetables from year to year, there is a positive trend in crop growth in this segment, the organization said in a statement.

The Fruit and Vegetable Union noted that the price dynamics in the greenhouse vegetable market is characterized by a pronounced cyclical nature associated with seasonality. Thus, traditionally high prices for greenhouse vegetables are observed from late late autumn to early spring. This is due to the fact that during this period the supply of domestic products on the market is reduced and imports are increasing.

According to the results of 2022, the Institute for Agricultural Market Studies (IKAR) estimated the crop of vegetables in Russia at 1.6 million tons, which is 5.6% more than a year earlier. The production of greenhouse cucumbers is estimated at 885.7 thousand tons (+ 5.3% by 2021), tomatoes - at 668.4 thousand tons (+ 6%). The production of "other" crops (green, eggplant and pepper) reached 48.5 thousand tons. The conditional capacity of the Russian greenhouse cucumber market in 2022, according to IKAR, amounted to 899 thousand tons, and the level of self-sufficiency in culture - 95%.^[21]

Record fruit and berry harvest

In 2022, more than 1.5 million tons of fruits and berries were harvested in Russia, which is a record figure. Compared to 2021, the harvest increased by 5%, according to data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, published on January 6, 2023.

As noted in the department, the increase in production volumes is primarily due to the high pace of laying modern intensive gardens and nurseries - in 2022 this is about 11 thousand hectares. This will further increase the yield of fruits and berries, reducing the volume of imports, the Ministry of Agriculture said.

Traditionally, the leading regions for collecting fruits and berries are the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, the republics of Crimea and Ingushetia, Voronezh, Volgograd and Lipetsk regions. The main types of fruits and berries grown in our country include apples, plums, cherries, cherries, apricots, currants, raspberries and garden strawberries. In addition, in recent years, the production of blueberries has been actively developing, the Ministry of Agriculture emphasized on January 6, 2023.

They recalled that the ministry provides comprehensive support to this area, including through reimbursement of part of the costs of laying and caring for long-term fruit and berry plantations, including nurseries. Also, gardeners are provided with preferential investment and short-term lending, compensation for direct costs incurred for the creation and modernization of agricultural facilities, grants to small forms of management.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture, in 2022, the harvest of greenhouse vegetables also reached a record. In total, 1.5 million tons were collected, which is 7% more than in 2021. The crop of cucumbers increased by 2.5%, to 850 thousand tons, tomatoes - by 7%, to 620 thousand tons. The leading regions in this segment were the Moscow, Belgorod and Chelyabinsk regions, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, Mordovia, Tatarstan and other subjects.^[22]

Reduction in imports of vegetables and fruits by 3%

Imports of vegetables and fruits Russia in 2022 decreased by 3%. The main countries supplying fruits and vegetables were:,, Turkey,, Ecuador, and Egypt. Belarus Iran Azerbaijan Uzbekistan

Imports of potatoes from Egypt increased by 25% to 875 thousand tons

Potato exports from Egypt to Russia in 2022 increased by 25% and amounted to 875 thousand tons.

Reducing apple imports

Rosselkhoznadzor notes a decrease in the import of imported apples into Russia. If at the end of 11.5 months of 2021 the volume of supplies was 777 thousand tons, then for the same period in 2022 they decreased by 24% to 592 thousand tons. 12 out of 20 countries - the main exporters of apples - in 2022 reduced supplies to Russia.

2021

Harvest of a record harvest of fruits and berries in the Russian Federation - 3.9 million tons

In 2021, a record harvest of fruits and berries was harvested in Russia - about 3.9 million tons, which is 7% more than the previous year earlier. This was reported on January 27, 2022 by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation with reference to Rosstat data.

Gross collection in all categories of farms has grown significantly due to the high pace of laying modern intensive gardens and nurseries. Traditionally, the leading regions in this area are the Krasnodar Territory, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, the republics of Crimea and Dagestan.

According to the estimates of the Ministry of Agriculture, gardeners of Kabardino-Balkaria have updated their record for the production of fruit and berry products, growing more than 535 thousand tons in 2021, which is 103.5% more than a year earlier. The increase in production volumes, first of all, is due to the high pace of laying modern intensive gardens and nurseries on an innovative basis, the regional ministry noted. Kabardino-Balkaria is one of the three leading regions in this direction. Data on the collection of berries and fruits for other regions are not provided.

The main types of fruits and berries grown in the country are listed apricot, cherries, raspberries, garden strawberries, plums, currants and cherries. The production of blueberries is also actively developing.

The Ministry of Agriculture added that the department provides significant support to this area of ​ ​ crop production, including through a "stimulating" subsidy to reimburse part of the costs of laying and caring for long-term fruit and berry plantations, including nurseries. It also provides for preferential investment and short-term lending, compensation for direct costs incurred for the creation and modernization of agricultural facilities, the provision of grants to small forms of farming in the countryside.^[23]

The share of domestic fruits in the Russian market over 10 years has grown from 28% to 42%

The share of domestic fruits and berries in the Russian market over 10 years increased from 28% to 42%, and the share of imported products decreased from 72% to 58%. This is evidenced by the data of the Rosselkhozbank, published at the end of December 2021.

The consumption of fruits and berries in the Russian Federation over the same period increased by 3 kg per person per year, over the past 30 years - by 28 kg. In 2021, consumption will reach 63 kg against 61 kg in 2020.

By the end of 2021, Russia is expected to increase the production of fruits and berries by 11.4%, to 3.9 million tons. The increase in production over 10 years will be 63%. At the same time, imports for the specified period decreased by 10% and at the end of 2021 amounted to about 6.4 million tons.

According to experts, domestic consumption has grown significantly, not only due to the growth of personal consumption, but also to a greater extent due to the growth of production consumption. Active demand from certain sub-sectors of the food industry (production of baby food, dairy and confectionery products, etc.) contributed to the growth of production consumption to 1.3 million tons by the end of 2021, which is 64% more than in 2012.

The development of gardening, especially of an intensive and super-intensive type, as well as the use of equipment and technologies to preserve the harvest allowed domestic farmers to reduce the dependence of the domestic market on imports for those crops that grow in Russia, - said Andrei Dalnov, head of the Center for Industry Expertise of Rosselkhozbank.

According to him, this has led to an increase in the availability of domestic fruits and berries, which in turn contributes to an increase in consumption. Formally, the consumption rate of fruits and berries recommended by the Ministry of Health is still far from 100 kg, while Russia has the necessary resources to achieve this indicator, and increasing the investment attractiveness of gardening, including through state support, will contribute to this, he added.^[24]

Notes