Innovations in medicine

Main article: Technological innovations

Polymers in medicine

Main article: Polymers in medicine

2024

Rospatent named 4 most promising medical inventions in Russia

In September 2024, Rospatent included four medical inventions in the list of the most promising developments that have received patents since the beginning of last year. These decisions have the potential to significantly change approaches to treating and rehabilitating patients.

According to Farmedprom, among the promising inventions highlighted by Rospatent is an ear implant developed by NUST MISIS specialists. This implant was created using advanced 3D bioprinting technologies and is a polyurethane framework that closely follows the structure of the human ear. An important feature of this device is its structure, which promotes the engraftment and germination of blood vessels, which ensures biological compatibility with the patient's body. Each implant is created individually based on a scanned model of the patient's ear.

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The second invention that attracted the attention of Rospatent was the "smart" MioOrto orthosis, developed by the Competence Center of NTI "Bionic Engineering in Medicine" of Samara State Medical University. This device is designed to rehabilitate patients after surgery on the hip and knee joints. The orthosis is equipped with sensory elements, which record indicators of muscular activity and amplitude of movements. These data allow doctors to monitor the recovery process and adjust the rehabilitation program depending on the patient's condition. According to the developers, the introduction of such technology reduces the recovery period and increases the effectiveness of treatment.

Another important development is a DNA calibrator created by scientists from the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology. This device allows you to quickly and accurately assess the condition of HIV-infected patients, monitor the stages of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. Thanks to the DNA calibrator, doctors can make more accurate predictions about the course of the disease and adjust the therapy according to changing conditions.^[1]

Putin instructed to introduce rewards for scientists for the transfer of rights to medical technologies

In mid-February 2024, the president Russia Vladimir Putin announced the need to introduce rewards for scientists for the transfer of rights to medical technologies.

I believe that when transferring intellectual rights to manufacturers, that is, commercializing breakthrough scientific solutions, research teams should receive a decent reward, the so-called royalty. The size of such payments should be calculated according to understandable rules and a unified methodology, - said the head of state at a meeting of the Forum for Future Technologies on February 14, 2024 (quoted by TASS).

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As Putin noted, the payment of royalties to the authors of breakthrough scientific solutions will help ensure reliable protection of the intellectual rights of leading medical centers and research institutes that create unique technologies.

The Russian president also proposed to form a modern legal field that will allow scientists to develop and test innovative medical technologies. According to him, some legislative decisions for this have already been adopted by mid-February 2024.

This also applies to the use of personalized drugs developed for a particular patient, as well as the development of such a new direction as regenerative medicine, - said Putin.

At the forum, the director of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Grigory Trubnikov asked the head of state to assist in the annual competition of scientific works in the field of medicine. Putin approved such an initiative.

The President also noted that a total of 530 Russian drugs were registered in 2023 alone. Thanks to the developments of leading scientists and doctors, specialists for the first time began the production of many types of domestic equipment for cardiovascular surgery, as well as for resuscitation, rehabilitation, diagnosis of genetic diseases.^[2]

2023

Rospatent named the top 10 medical inventions for the year

On June 29, 2024, the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) published a rating of the ten most significant medical inventions patented in Russia since 2023. The publication is timed to coincide with the Day of the Inventor and Rationalizer, which is celebrated on June 29 in 2024.

According to the head of Rospatent Yuri Zubov, the selected inventions correspond to state health policy and meet modern challenges.

All presented medical developments are worthy of respect, because their authors want to make people's lives better: to help cope with ailments, to protect against possible diseases, - said Zubov.

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The top 10 includes innovative developments in various fields of medicine. The St. Petersburg Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums has created a test system for standardizing influenza vaccines, using only domestic raw materials. Tomsk Polytechnic University has developed a new chemical compound for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer with low toxicity.

RPK LLC has patented a modern knee module for prosthetics of the lower extremities with a microprocessor transmitting data to a mobile application. The Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry has created an agent based on sea urchin pigment to combat skin aging.

The National Medical Research Center for Hematology of the Ministry of Health of Russia presented a method for personalized monitoring of acute leukemia. Angiolife LLC has developed a biotechnological solution to stimulate the growth of blood vessels in ischemia.

Other significant inventions include the technology of the National Research Center for Neurosurgery to facilitate brain surgery, a method for determining blood glucose by sweat from the Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a device for navigating visually impaired people from St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University and a safe biotin product for children of the first year of life from PROMIX LLC^[3]

How the symbiosis of science and medicine in CITO changes approaches to the treatment of complex diseases in Russia

Science and medicine are closely connected and work together to solve problems that directly affect people's quality of life. This relationship allows the development of new treatments and the application of advanced technologies in medical practice. On October 2, 2023, representatives of the MAGNIT: All about Science and Technology project told Zdrav.Expert. about what research at the intersection of science and medicine is being carried out at the Nikolay Nikolayevich Priorov Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (CITO), and what contribution this research center makes to improving the lives of patients. Read more here.

Transparent ceramics for new generation medical lasers received in Russia for the first time in the world

Chemists of Lobachevsky University have obtained transparent ceramics with the structure of fluorapatite for near-infrared lasers. The unique development at the university was told on September 4, 2023. Read more here.

Rospatent named the top 10 inventions in medicine

In June 2023, Rospatent presented the top 10 most interesting (according to the department) inventions in the medical field:

1. A prosthetic hand that can interact with the phone's touch screen and other devices. The author of the invention is Ilya Chekh, one of the founders of the company "Motorica," which develops and manufactures functional prostheses of hands with an individual design.

Rospatent presented the top 10 most interesting (according to the department) inventions in the medical field

2. Prosthetic auditory ossicles to replace damaged parts of the middle ear. This device will help children and adults with hearing injuries due to damage to the middle ear.

3. The set of a metal implant with auxiliary polymer products was offered by doctors Yevgeny Fedotov, an orthopedic traumatologist at the Medsi clinic and Nikolai Zagorodny, head of the department of traumatology and orthopedics at the RUDN University.

4. Invention of functional-cosmetic prosthesis of hand. Its peculiarity lies in a reinforcing framework enclosed in a polymer matrix, repeating the shape and appearance of the organ.

5. The transplant, capable of restoring the integrity of large defects in bone tissue, was created by Alexey Kovalev, candidate of medical science, researcher at the connective tissue laboratory with the clinical genetics group CITO named after N.N. Priorova.

6. A new way to fix an interosseous implant in degenerative diseases of the spine. The implant is placed between the vertebral processes due to the original attachment of the tapes to the anatomical formations of the vertebrae. This increases the stability of the spine, maintains mobility, eliminates the displacement of the implant during human exercise. It is important that this implant very quickly eliminates pain after surgery.

7. An intranasal device that expands the nasal lumen for air passage. This structure is made from individual images of the patient's nose.

8. Wound dilator with automated formation of the wound shape during surgical operations, which facilitates the work of surgeons to access the organ being operated on.

9. A manual self-contained device for two-component bioprinting and a method for applying a therapeutic coating to the wound surface was developed at the National Research Technological University of IIA

10. An original procedure for performing surgery to eliminate the congenital interruption of the aortic arch in infants and newborns. Method eliminates narrowing of aortic arch at its long extension and provides normal blood circulation due to use of own tissues of pulmonary artery and vascular graft from patient's tissue.^[4]

FMBA doctors performed surgery on oncopacient using preoperative 3D modeling

On March 7, 2023, the Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia (FMBA) announced the successful implementation of a unique operation using preoperative 3D modeling. During the surgical intervention, the oncopacient underwent resection of the ½ part of the tongue with its simultaneous reconstruction with a radial flap from the forearm area. Read more here.

2022: Deloitte reveals how technology will change healthcare

On May 24, 2022, Deloitte published a report on trends in the future development of medicine. In their study, experts tried to predict how technology can change healthcare.

According to the report, the global health sector has already used new technologies and processes to expand the provision of medical care outside the hospital walls, when COVID-19 forced service providers to change their activities as soon as possible and abruptly switch to virtual visits and remote patient monitoring. This shift will complement physical and virtual service in a meaningful and integrated way that will provide superior patient experience and better clinical outcomes. It will also affect the medical personnel and change what, how, where and by whom the work is done.

While there will continue to be inpatient hospitals in the future, all types of medical care and procedures, except for the most severe, will be moved from these locations and will be provided in communities, whether within walking distance clinics, retail outlets, schools or community facilities, workplaces or, most often, the patient's home. This transition will be possible through data interaction/pooling, digital technology, remote patient monitoring, cost-based payments, scientific discovery, and consumer requirements.

Deloitte told how technology will change healthcare

COVID-19 has shown how vulnerable the healthcare industry is to change and how much it needs structural and technological transformation. In the future of healthcare, Deloitte expects six key areas - data sharing, interoperability, equitable access, consumer empowerment, behavior change and scientific breakthrough - to collectively transform the existing healthcare system from reactive treatment to prevention and well-being. The traditional boundaries of the industry will disappear and there will be new professions in the future of healthcare as exponential innovation will boost the industry by 2040.

By 2040, health care as we know it will cease to exist. There will be a fundamental transition from "health" to "health." And while diseases will never be completely eliminated, thanks to science, data and technology, it will be possible to identify them at earlier stages, take preventive measures and better understand their development to help patients more effectively and actively support their well-being. The future will focus on wellness and be managed by companies that will take on new roles to create value in a transformed healthcare ecosystem.

Deloitte told how technology will change healthcare

With greater data connectivity, interoperability, and open, secure platforms, as well as increasing patient engagement, there are likely to be 10 archetypes that will replace and redefine today's traditional life sciences and healthcare specializations to adapt to future trends. These 10 archetypes will fall into three different but interconnected categories:

• Data and platforms: These archetypes will be the foundational infrastructure that will form the foundation of the healthcare ecosystem of the future. They will generate information for decision-making. Everything else will be built on the data and platforms that underpin user-driven healthcare.

• Well-being and health care delivery: These archetypes will be the most healthcare-oriented of all three groups consisting of health facilities and health communities - both virtual and physical - and will provide consumer-oriented provision of products, care, wellness and well-being.

• Health care provision: These archetypes will be connecting links, funding and regulatory structures to help keep the entire industry running.

For the future of healthcare to become a reality, all three components must fully function and integrate.^[5][6]

2021

Doctors assessed the impact of technology in medicine on their work

Doctors assessed the impact of technology in medicine on their work. This was announced on November 9, 2021 by the Doctor Nearby company.

The introduction of electronic cards, an electronic prescription system, programs for collecting patient history and other technologies facilitated the work of two-thirds of doctors, according to the survey results. Nevertheless, a third of doctors are still skeptical about technology - primarily because of the need to spend time mastering the basics of working with them.

Respondents were asked to name the auxiliary medical technologies that bring the greatest benefit to the doctor if they were introduced. The relative majority of respondents (48%) name the history collection systems and applications for remote counseling and monitoring of patients. One in five (20%) considers electronic medical records to be the most useful technology. One in six (16%) is an electronic prescription system.

Among the most unpopular were surgical robots used by doctors for operations (10%), and a mobile warning system to improve the safety and maintenance of healthy lifestyles of the elderly (6%).

The impact of technology on routine work is viewed positively mainly by women (55% versus 45% of men). The most negative innovations are perceived by men (79% versus 21% in women). Interestingly, respondents aged 40 + (74% versus 13% in the age category 26-35, 9% aged 36 to 45 and 4% in respondents under 20) called their experience positive.

Among the surveyed doctors of various specializations, 39% of respondents admitted to the lack of experience in working with auxiliary medical instruments. Another 34% find it difficult to answer this question, since they do not really understand what technologies are in question. Among those who had experience in the use of assistive technologies (27%), the response is generally positive. The introduction of technologies into the daily work of a doctor is positively perceived by therapists (19%) and specialists in clinical laboratory diagnostics (22%). Surgeons (18%) and anesthesiologists (33%) are cautious about technology.

Opening of the first technology and microfabrication center in the Russian Federation

On September 29, 2021, the official opening of the first technology and microfabrication in the Russian Center took place. It was created on the basis of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Physicochemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency (FMBA). Read more here.

Moscow allocated 1 billion rubles for innovations in medicine

On August 11, 2021, the mayor Moscow Sergei Sobyanin announced the allocation of 1 billion rubles to support scientific developments and innovations in the field. health care More. here

5 best Russian inventions in medicine

On April 8, 2021, Rospatent listed the five best medical inventions in the first quarter. During this period, the department issued a total of 865 patents devoted to technologies in health care.

The best among them is a new mouse monoclonal antibody of the IgM isotype, which has virus neutralizing activity and is capable of binding S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). This development was patented by the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry. Academicians M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov.

The second place was taken by a patent MSU for a 3D matrix structure for the delivery of drugs. A significant advantage of the present invention is the ability to adjust the desired drug release rate over a wide range of time, as disclosed in the patent specification.

Rospatent named 5 best Russian inventions in medicine

The third place was taken by the CRISPR-Cas system for detecting the antibiotic resistance gene of blaVIM-2 (metallo-beta-lactamase class B VIM-2) Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ultra-low concentrations. The diagnostic tool developed by the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor allows detecting antibiotic-resistant microorganisms through the technology of determining their antibiotic resistance gene.

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology patented a diagnostic technique breast cancer for plasma TGEβ and TNFα mRNA levels. And blood this invention is located in 4th place in the Rospatent rating. PCR diagnostics technology allows you to diagnose cancer the breast at an early stage.

Fifth place behind the complex for detection and directed destruction of cells, which was patented by ITMO University. Solution allows to reduce background toxicity of photosensitizers used for directed destruction of cells by methods of photodynamic therapy, and to increase specificity of their detection.^[7]

2020: Doctors start using Medtronic technology to create 3D models of heart valves to prepare for surgeries

In early September 2020, researchers from the University of Minnesota using Medtronic developed a way to 3D print models of aortic valves and nearby anatomical formations. These models, based on computed tomography data, almost completely copy the shape of real tissues and therefore help surgeons prepare for complex transcatheter cardiological procedures, such as valve replacement. The use of the models enabled treatment outcomes and the development of new therapies that have already begun to be applied in clinical practice in Minnesota. Read more here.

2018: Intel: 5G will revolutionise non-invasive treatment

Preparations for the launch of fifth-generation networks continue by June 2018, and, as noted by Intel General Manager Robert Topol, advanced 5G technologies will be used in various areas of healthcare and will be able to revolutionize non-invasive treatment. Read more here.

2017:10 Cleveland Clinic innovations

In October 2016, specialists from the Cleveland Clinic named the main innovations that will develop intensively in medicine in 2017. The forecast is presented at the 14th Annual Cleveland Clinic Medical Innovation Conference, attended by more than 1,600 physicians, entrepreneurs and other health care professionals.

Named the top 10 innovations in medicine 2017

1. Microbiome

The microbiome is a diverse community of trillions of beneficial bacteria that inhabit the human gut and perform disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis functions. Microbiome studies aimed at learning how to control the balance of microflora and study the vital characteristics of hundreds of types of microorganisms inhabiting the intestines will make a powerful breakthrough in the development of medicine.

2. Diabetes drugs that reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and death

People with diabetes are twice as likely to have diseases hearts and strokes compared to those who do not have chronic diseases, experts from the National USA Institutes of Health have calculated. Earlier in 2016, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly received approvals for the sale of antidiabetic sugar-lowering drugs - Victoza (liraglutide) and Jardiance (empagliflozin), respectively, which, according to manufacturers, should reduce heart complications in diabetics.

3. Cell therapy to fight leukemia and lymphoma

One of the most promising areas of cancer control, Cleveland Clinic specialists consider cell therapy, especially T-lymphocyte therapy with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), which can eliminate malignant cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a matter of hours and in most cases cure it.

The idea of ​ ​ creating chimeric antigen receptors (CAR, from the English chimeric antigen receptor) belongs to the chemist and immunologist Zelig Eshhar from the Weizmann Institute of Sciences (Israel). In 1989, his laboratory obtained the first transgenic T lymphocytes with these receptors.

4. Liquid biopsy for cancer detection

A so-called liquid biopsy can isolate tumor DNA from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and even urine, providing doctors with detailed information about the type of neoplasm. This method is used for early diagnosis and further treatment of cancer patients.

5. Safety and self-driving systems for cars

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), seat belts have saved more than 329 thousand lives over the past 50 years. Other safety systems, such as child seats and airbags, saved another 300,000 lives in the same period of time. According to NHTSA requirements, all cars supplied to the American market will be equipped with rear view cameras. In addition, collision hazard warning systems, adaptive cruise control, electronic assistants for tracking traffic and intersections should reduce the number of fatal accidents by more than 38 thousand per year, the American road regulator predicts.

6. FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) Medical Data Exchange Standard

FHIR is a standard for the exchange of medical information, the purpose of which is the interaction between outdated health systems, as well as access to clinical data from various devices (computers, tablets, mobile phones). The effectiveness of the standard has been proven by several studies and medical institutions, the interaction between which was previously considered an impossible task.

7. Use of ketamine to treat resistant depression

Roughly a third of people who suffer from depression cannot get rid of it with either medication or even electroshock therapy. Ketamine, once sold in nightclubs as a drug, rapidly improves the well-being of many patients. Successful preliminary studies have prompted the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to accelerate the development of treatments for depression with ketamine.

8. 3D imaging and augmented reality in surgery

Often, surgeons have to perform eye and brain operations in a very limited space, using powerful microscopes and straining the muscles of the neck. For example, incisions that are made on the retina of the eye, as a rule, do not exceed 1 mm. 3D cameras help surgeons and their teams gain a complete understanding of the structure of surgery, says Rishi Singh, a surgeon at the Cole Eye Institute at the Cleveland Clinic. According to him, volumetric imaging technology allows each participant in the operation to see what is happening in three dimensions, which certainly adds convenience to the process. There are a lot of studies proving that such a development reduces fatigue and has a favorable effect on the course of the operation, Singh noted.

9. Self tests for human papillomavirus

According to the American Cancer Association, in 2016, about 13 thousand cases of cervical cancer were registered in the United States alone. In more than 33% of cases, this diagnosis is fatal. An HPV test designed for use at home by women over the age of 30 detects cancer cells in the cervix using a vaginal smear test. Such techniques may be particularly useful for women who are not regularly screened for cervical cancer or in settings where screening techniques have not yet been properly implemented.

10. Bio-soluble stents

Bio-soluble stents are the latest achievement of medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction), these stents have many hopes. Bio-soluble stents are made of a special bio-absorbent substance, which, having performed the function of restoring microcirculation at a certain site of the myocardium, is completely dissolved within two years, replaced by the tissues of the patient himself. Every year, Americans are assigned an average of about 600 thousand stents.

1996: The start of the use of thermal imagers in medicine

Main article: Thermal imagers in medicine

1928: Penicillin invention

1928 - Penicillin (Britain )

1910: Antibiotics

1910 - Antibiotics

1895: X-ray machine

1895 - X-ray machine

Notes