Economy of Belarus

Main article about the country: Belarus

GDP

Main article: GDP of Belarus

Financial system

Currency

Main article: Digital Belarusian ruble

Gold and foreign exchange reserves

The total volume of ZVR of the Belarusian National Bank from January 2020 to April 2021 collapsed by 25%, to $6.9 billion, while only $2.8 billion remained directly in the form of liquid assets.

The amount available to Belarus is already below the critical threshold of the IMF, which recommends keeping the equivalent of three months of imports in reserves.

Key rate

From April 21, 2021, the Central Bank of Belarus raised the rate to 8.5% (from 7.75%).

External debt

2021: $42.1 billion

As of April 2021, the external debt of Belarus exceeds the reserves in foreign currency by 15 times and amounts to $42.1 billion.

2019

Debt to Russia - $8.1 billion

with

Debt to China - $5 billion

with the

Public debt: 39.8 billion Belarusian rubles

The total national debt of Belarus increased in January-July 2017 by 2.8 billion Belarusian rubles. (by 7.6%) to 39.8 billion Belarusian rubles.

External public debt $18 billion

The external public debt of Belarus increased in 2016 by 9.6% to $13.6 billion.

By August 31, 2017, the external public debt of Belarus increased since the beginning of the year by 14.3% (by $2 billion) and amounted to $15.6 billion, the Ministry of Finance of Belarus reported.

In January-July, Belarus attracted external government loans in the amount of $2 billion 572.5 million. This amount includes:

• $1.4 billion raised through the placement of Eurobonds,
• $600 million loan from the Eurasian Stabilization and Development Fund (EFSR),
• $300 million of loans from the government and banks of Russia,
• $176.6 million bank loans, China
• a $92.6 million loan from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and
• $2.9 million loan from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).

Since the beginning of the year, $653 million has been paid to repay the external public debt, including $217.5 million to Chinese banks, $226.8 million to the Russian government, $176.6 million to the EFSP, $31.2 million to the IBRD, $700 thousand to US banks, $200 thousand to the EBRD.

According to the Ministry of Finance of Belarus, its external public debt as of July 1, 2020 amounted to $18 billion, having increased by 5.3% since the beginning of the year.

The debt of Belarus on loans provided by the Eurasian Fund for Stabilization and Development (EFSR) exceeds $2.5 billion.

Belarus is the main borrower of EFSR funds - since 2011, it has approved two loans for budget support totaling $5 billion.

Domestic public debt: 9.5 billion Belarusian rubles

In 2016, the domestic public debt of Belarus reached 10.2 billion Belarusian rubles. (+ 5%).

Since the beginning of 2017, the domestic public debt of Belarus decreased by August 1, 2017 by 7% (by 700 million Belarusian rubles) to 9.5 billion Belarusian rubles.

In January-July, the Ministry of Finance of Belarus placed internal foreign currency government bonds for legal entities and individuals in the amount of $406.7 million, repaid foreign currency and ruble government bonds for legal entities and individuals in the amount of $897.9 million and 120.5 million Belarusian rubles. respectively^[1].

State loans

2021: Financial assistance in the amount of $630 million from Russia

Russia has allocated financial assistance to Belarus in the amount of up to $640 million. This was stated by Russian President Vladimir Putin during a press conference following talks in the Kremlin with his Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko, which took place on September 9, 2021.

Alexander Grigorievich and I also spoke about this. The total volume of loans from September of this year to the end of 2022 will be somewhere around $630 million, $630-640 million, "Putin said during a conversation with journalists.

In June 2021, Belarus received from Russia the second tranche of a loan in the amount of $500 million. The total amount of the loan is $1 billion.

On September 9, 2021, the President of Russia and Belarus made a reservation to unite industrial policy, access to public procurement, as well as gas, electricity and petroleum products markets. The corresponding agreement will be signed by the governments of the two countries on December 1, 2023, Vladimir Putin announced. The price for Belarus for Russian natural gas in 2022 will remain at the level of 2021 - $128.5 per thousand cubic meters without indexing to inflation.

As one of the main outcomes of the negotiations, the transition to a single macroeconomic policy was announced. Countries will move to a unified industrial policy, common access to public procurement and government orders. It was possible to reach agreements on the integration of payment systems, deepening cooperation in information security, in the customs, tax, energy spheres and other areas. Oil, gas and electricity markets will also be standardized.

Belarus and Russia will increase joint counteraction to military threats. The presidents dwelt in detail on the situation in the zones of instability, primarily in Afghanistan, in terms of threats to the security of the Union State, including the topic of the allied military exercises "West-2021."^[2]

2020

EDB issued a loan to Belarus for $0.5 billion

In mid-October 2020, the Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) transferred a loan to Belarus in the amount of $500 million at a floating interest rate (defined as the average return on Russian Eurobonds in US dollars for a period of 7 years) for 10 years. The grace period will be up to 5 years, the press service of the bank reports.

A loan from the Eurasian Stabilization and Development Fund (EFSR) is aimed at supporting the budget of Belarus in the context of the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The EDB added that Minsk has prepared a program to counter the impact of the pandemic on the economy, financial and social sector.

It includes measures to strengthen the debt stability of Belarus. In particular, we are talking about the consolidation of non-priority budget expenditures, optimization of tax incentives, the continuation of policies to ensure market mechanisms for the formation of exchange rates and interest rates. The EDB also noted that in the complex all these measures are aimed at strengthening the debt stability of Belarus.

On September 20, 2020, Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov announced that Belarus will direct the bulk of the loan - $330 million - to pay off the debt to the Russian Gazprom.

On September 14, 2020, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a decision to allocate a loan of $1.5 billion to Minsk. This was done during a meeting in Sochi with Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko. Later, the Kremlin clarified that a significant part of these funds would go to refinance the debt of the Belarusian side to Moscow, and refused to consider this interference in the internal affairs of Belarus. It was also emphasized that Russia will continue to provide economic support.

In addition to the funds of the EFSR, Russia will issue a loan to Belarus for $1 billion. The republic will receive it in two tranches: the first $500 million - in 2020, the second $500 million - in 2021.^[3]

Russian loans account for about 48% of Belarus' external debt

Russia is the main source of external borrowing for the Belarusian government: according to the Ministry of Finance of Belarus, Russian loans account for about 48% of the republic's external state debt (as of the end of the first quarter of 2020), or $7.92 billion. The indicator includes intergovernmental loans and loans from the state corporation ВЭБ.РФ, all foreign currency loans. In second place is China, which has credited the Belarusian state for $3.3 billion.

2018

Since 2018 Russia , it has changed its approach to lending to the union republic, for the first time publicly refusing to refinance the Belarusian debt. After that Belarus , she placed bonds in Russian on the rubles Russian exchange market. President Belarus Alexander Lukashenko said in February 2020 that Minsk he pays about Russia $1 billion a year for using previously taken loans and does not Moscow ask for new money.

2008

Since 2008, the Russian government and VEB have issued Belarus at least eight loans, it calculated. RBC At the end of March 2020 Minsk , the government owed about $7.5 billion Russia and another $0.44 billion to VEB (on a loan for the construction of the Belarusian nuclear power plant)^[4]

The ratio of public debt to the country's GDP

2023: State debt - 40% of GDP

2017: State debt - 53% of GDP

Investments

2023: Russian companies invested ₽300 billion in Belarus in a year

On November 1, 2024, it became known that Russian companies in 2023 invested ₽300 billion in the economy of Belarus. This was announced by the Minister of Economic Development of Russia Maxim Reshetnikov at a joint meeting of the colleges of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia and Belarus, held in Moscow.

According to TASS, according to Maxim Reshetnikov, the investment activity of Russian business in Belarus in 2023 made it possible to increase the volume of investments by 8% compared to the previous year, which indicates the positive dynamics of cooperation between the two countries.

Russian companies invested ₽300 billion in Belarus in a year

The Minister noted that at the new stage of interaction, the emphasis will be placed not only on economic projects, but also on the humanitarian agenda. Particular attention will be paid to the development of joint programs in the fields of education, health, culture, science and sports. According to him, in previous years, the focus was on economic issues, but at the current stage it is important to develop wider interaction between the peoples of the two countries.

In addition, Maxim Reshetnikov stressed that Belarusian companies that place their production in Russia are provided with the same support measures as Russian investors. These include risk sharing, the construction of finished infrastructure and other mechanisms. For example, the Belarusian company for the production of logging equipment used the program of restructuring budget loans and special investment contracts to open production in Karelia. Also, the Belarusian machine-building holding opened a center for the production and maintenance of specialized equipment on the territory of the special economic zone in Ufa, and a similar project is planned to be implemented in the Lipetsk region.

In 2023, the largest volumes of Russian investments in Belarus were directed to the manufacturing industry, pipeline transport and wholesale trade. Over 60 projects with Russian participation are being implemented in six free economic zones of Belarus.^[5]

2020: The total volume of investments from Russia to Belarus by the beginning of the year amounted to $4.26 billion

Russian capital is the largest source of foreign direct investment in Belarus. According to the Russian Central Bank, in 2018-2019, investors from Russia annually invested $0.65 billion in the Belarusian economy, and the total volume of accumulated investments from Russia to Belarus by the beginning of 2020 amounted to $4.26 billion^[6]

However, these indicators underestimate the true volume of investments of Russian origin in Belarus. The Bank of Russia takes into account only investments directly in Belarus, and investments in transit through other countries (for example, Cyprus) are not counted. According to the National Statistical Committee of Belarus (Belstat) and the local Ministry of Finance, in 2019 alone, the country received $2.87 billion of direct investment from Russia, or almost 40% of the total ($7.2 billion). This is more than four times the amount appearing in the statistics of the Bank of Russia.

The discrepancy is explained by the fact that the Ministry of Finance of Belarus took into account investments of Russian origin, even if they were carried out through other jurisdictions, such as Cyprus or the Netherlands. But even this indicator does not include investments in the banking sector, taking into account which Russian investments in Belarus will be even higher. According to the rating agency Expert RA, as of January 1, 25% of the assets of the banking sector of Belarus fell on banks with Russian capital (Belgazprombank, Alfa-Bank Belarus, Sber Bank (formerly BPS-Sberbank), VTB Bank Belarus, BelVEB).

Inflation

2022

Inflation in November - 15.2%

Inflation in July - 18.1%

2015: Inflation 12%

Inflation in Belarus amounted to 12% in 2015, said Alexei Yarkovets, head of the main department of price statistics of the National Statistical Committee of Belarus (Belstat), in January 2016.

"In 2015, we fulfilled the forecast indicator for inflation growth, although in the middle of the year, according to the government and the National Bank, it was planned at the level of 15-16%. At the beginning of 2015, the inflation rate was slightly higher than 2014, but since April inflation has slowed down a little, "Yarkovets said

.

According to Belstat, food products in Belarus rose in price in 2015 by 11%, non-food - by 11.5%, services - by 15.7%.

Yarkovets believes that the denomination scheduled for July 1, 2016 should not affect prices.

"According to

our assessment, the denomination should not affect inflation, the denomination process should not affect the price level," the official emphasized^[7] down in ^[7]

The government's inflation forecast for 2015 was about 12%, the forecast of the National Bank of Belarus - 18% plus or minus 2%. The budget for 2016 included inflation at the level of 12%.

For comparison, inflation in Ukraine in 2015 amounted to 43.3%, in Russia - 12.9%.

Banks

Main article: Banks in Belarus

Largest companies

Electronic payment systems in Belarus

Main article: Electronic payment systems in Belarus

Cash circulation

2024: The share of non-cash payments in retail in Belarus reached 59.4%

According to the results of the first quarter of 2024, the share of non-cash payments in retail trade in Belarus up to 59.4%. This was announced in June 2024 by the chairman of the board of the National Bank of the country Pavel Kallaur.

Salaries

Main article: Salaries in Belarus

Unemployment

2020: Unemployment rate - 1.4%

Consumption

Cars

Main article: Cars (Belarusian market)

Milk

2018: Milk consumption in litres per year per person

Meat

2023: Pork is the most consumed type of meat

2019: Pork is the most consumed type of meat

Beer

2019: Beer consumption in litres per year per person

Power

2025:2 operating nuclear reactors

The number of operating nuclear reactors in countries around the world according to Bloomberg as of February 2025:

• UNITED STATES: 94
• China: 57
• France: 57
• Russia: 36
• South Korea: 26
• India: 20
• Canada: 17
• Ukraine: 15
• Japan: 14
• United Kingdom: 9
• Spain: 7
• Czech Republic: 6
• Pakistan: 6
• Sweden: 6
• Belgium: 5
• Finland: 5
• Slovakia: 5
• Hungary: 4
• Switzerland: 4
• UAE: 4
• Argentina: 3
• Belarus: 2
• Brazil: 2
• Bulgaria: 2
• Mexico: 2
• Romania: 2
• South Africa: 2
• Armenia: 1
• Iran: 1
• Netherlands: 1
• Slovenia: 1

2021: Natural gas is the main source of energy in the country

2020: Energy consumption per capita

and

Oil pipelines

Main article: Druzhba oil pipeline

Energy carriers

2018: Petrol price

Industrial production in Belarus

Main article: Industrial production in Belarus

Foreign trade

Trade between Russia and Belarus

Main article: Trade between Russia and Belarus

Export of food and agricultural raw materials from Belarus

Main article: Export of food and agricultural raw materials from Belarus

2024

Export growth to $50 billion

The volume of Belarusian exports in 2024 exceeded $50 billion. This was announced by President Alexander Lukashenko on January 23, 2024 at the ceremony of presenting the symbols of the State Quality Mark.

No matter how we put sticks in the wheels, key sectors of the economy give an increase. GDP in 2024 was 4%. No matter how we try to cut off oxygen, Belarusian products were exported to 154 countries... And we even entered 14 new sales markets, - said Lukashenko (quoted by the BelTA agency).

Minsk

The fact that Belarus exported $50 billion at the end of 2024 was also mentioned by the Prime Minister of the countries Roman Golovchenko earlier in January 2025. According to him, the indicated figure is less than planned, but still a record.

Roman Golovchenko also stressed that the positive dynamics in the country's economy in 2024 corresponds to an important task set by the president - to improve the well-being of citizens and improve the quality of their lives. He added that the economy should remain balanced and without distortions. For the second year in a row, it was possible to ensure faster growth in investment in GDP.

Stocks of finished products decreased significantly, payment discipline improved, and the foreign exchange market became more balanced. An important achievement, according to Golovchenko, is that the economy continues to grow in most indicators, exceeding the established, albeit tense, goals.

The stocks of finished products decreased significantly, payment discipline improved, and the foreign exchange market was balanced. And it is important that for the second year the economy has been growing almost in all indicators above the established tasks, which, as I said, are tense, - the prime minister summed up.[8]

Rising imports from China

2023

Sharp rise in imports of expensive cars from the EU after the imposition of sanctions against Russia

Poland's exports to Belarus reach a new historical maximum

In December 2023, Poland's exports to Belarus reached a new historical maximum.

Take-off of imports from China 15 times since 2008

2021

EU adopted economic sectoral sanctions against Belarus

In June 2021, the EU adopted economic sectoral sanctions against Belarus. The restrictions will affect the oil, potassium, financial and tobacco industries of the republic. By the decision of the EU Council, the following restrictions were introduced:

• Concerning the export and transfer of equipment, technologies or software intended for use in the interests of the Belarusian authorities in monitoring or intercepting the Internet and telephone communications on mobile or stationary devices;

• Regarding the export to Belarus of dual-use goods for military use;

• Regarding the export to Belarus of goods used for tobacco products.

• Regarding the import of petroleum products into the EU from Belarus;

• Regarding the import of potash fertilizers into the EU from Belarus;

• Regarding access to the EU financial markets to the Belarusian government, as well as to Belarusian state financial institutions and entities. It is forbidden to buy, sell, provide investment services and deal with government securities and money market instruments with a maturity of more than 90 days. This applies to Belarusian financial and credit institutions, where the state's share exceeds 50%. Belarusbank, Belinvestbank and Belagroprombank are included in the list.

The restrictions will also affect access to the capital markets of the European Union for the government of Belarus and state financial institutions. The European Investment Bank is prohibited from financing projects in the public sector, and the EU member states are obliged to limit the participation of multilateral development banks in Belarus, of which they are members.

US sanctions against 9 state-owned enterprises in Belarus

In April 2021 USA , the sanctions regime against nine state-owned enterprises was restored, the Belarus American Ministry of Finance State Department announced. The largest oil-processing concerns Belneftekhim and Naftan, fertilizer producer Grodno Nitrogen, as well as the Khrushchev-built plants Grodno Khimvolokno, Lakokraska and Polotsk fiberglass are returning to the "black list" of the Office for Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).

The decision was made "because of the blatant disregard for human rights and Belarus's failure to fulfill its obligations under international law,"  the State Department said in a statement. The companies that fell under the sanctions, as the agency notes, "finance and support the Lukashenka regime," contributing to repressions against the Belarusian people and undermining the rule of law. "

The US sanctions strike is aimed at Belarusian exporters supplying the economy with foreign currency. Oil products produced from Russian raw materials provide 20% of export revenue coming to Minsk.

The loss of export earnings will be a painful blow for the candidate of the country Lukashenka, who has less than $3 billion in foreign exchange reserves at his disposal.

2020

Export Structure by Country and Product

Information Technology

• ICT (Belarusian market)
• IT market of Belarus
• Information technologies in Belarus
• Information security in Belarus
• Cellular communications (Belarusian market)
• Internet in Belarus
• Web development (Belarus market)
• Digital economy of Belarus

Social networks and instant messengers

2024: The number of users of social networks in Belarus increased by 31.8% to 5.63 million

Social networks are becoming more and more popular in Belarus: the number of their users has grown to 5.63 million, an increase of 31.8% compared to 2023, representatives of the digital hub Wunder Digital said in October 2024.

The most popular social networks are TikTok and Instagram (the social network is recognized as extremist, banned and blocked in Russia) with audiences of 5.3 million and 3.9 million users, respectively.

As specified in Wunder Digital, only every 1000th user is unique to most platforms, which means significant audience intersection. This requires brands and advertisers to take a careful approach to creating: content activity across social media must either eliminate duplication or vary format and content to effectively reach and retain audiences.

As for the age distribution, in Belarus the youngest audience is concentrated on TikTok, where 41% of users are aged 18-24, while Instagram (the social network is recognized as extremist, banned and blocked in Russia) and VK are popular among the wider age range, especially in groups 18-34 years old. Classmates and Facebook (the social network is recognized as extremist, banned and blocked in Russia) attract an older audience with the largest share of users aged 45 + years, especially in the 55 + group, where 33% falls on Odnoklassniki and 23% on Facebook (the social network is recognized as extremist, banned and blocked in Russia).

Internet trade (Belarusian market)

2024: Trends in the e-commerce market

The e-commerce market in Belarus is showing steady growth, becoming an increasingly significant part of the economy. It is expected that by 2028 the annual revenue growth rate will be 9.5%, and the projected revenue for 2024 will reach $3.1 billion, the Wunder Digital digital hub reported in October 2024.

For 2023, about 30,000 Internet stores were registered in Belarus, which is 3.7% more than a year earlier. Marketplaces occupy a significant share of online sales (40%), and the share of Internet trade in the total retail turnover countries is 6%. Key categories by revenue share include hobbies and leisure (26.4%), (to the electronic engineer 20.5%), fashion (16.8%), and furniture and household goods (11.7%).

As for the players, the dominant position is occupied by Wildberries and Ozon, while their own e-commerce platforms are also actively developing. Competition between Russian marketplaces and Belarusian online stores is intensifying. The most active local players are the Onliner catalog and the online hypermarket 21vek.by.

Shopping trends show that when choosing goods in the categories of food, clothing and household appliances/electronics, people primarily pay attention to quality and price. In food, quality is important for 84%, and price for 82% of customers, reputation (69%) and shares (51%) are also significant, with the brand making a difference for 36%. In clothing, the price comes first (85%), then quality (82%), shares (43%) and brand (30%). In household appliances and electronics, the main factors are price (80%) and quality (77%), with equal importance of shares and brand (48%). Interestingly, the brand is especially important in the food category (for 30% of the audience). However, it should be borne in mind here that this figure belongs to the category of "food" as a whole, but in various subcategories this indicator may differ from the average, noted in Wunder Digital.

Product categories may have different demand dynamics for each individual retailer. However, situational shareholder periods (international holidays, Black Friday, seasonal discounts) create significant spikes in overall consumer demand for online stores.

In general, according to Wunder Digital estimates, 5 main trends can be observed in the e-commerce market in Belarus:

1. Growth of e-commerce and optimization of mobile experience of buyers. Mobile commerce is becoming more and more popular due to the convenience of searching, buying and shipping, as well as its availability. Creating a mobile application and adapting the site for mobile is one way to ensure a positive experience for buyers.
2. Smart technology and automation of sales and logistics processes. They provide the opportunity to reduce costs, increase the speed of processing and delivery of orders, as well as increase customer satisfaction.
3. Using artificial intelligence to improve customer experience. AI creates personalized recommendations and reduces maintenance costs.
4. Personalization and individual approach to each client. Personalization in e-commerce is the use of consumer data to create a unique and personalized purchase experience. To offer the right product or service, you need a competent analysis of customer data. Personalized recommendation systems reduce the number of irrelevant recommendations and, accordingly, the number of those who leave your online store. Key benefits of personalization in e-commerce are increased conversion, improved customer experience, reduced purchase decision time, increased average check amount and increased customer loyalty.
5. The popularity of D2C sales (direct to customer). The D2C sales model, in which the manufacturer sells its products from the official website without intermediaries, proves its effectiveness. For the buyer, the undeniable advantage is the quality guarantee when buying from the manufacturer.
   

R&D

2020: R&D expenses - $907 million

Media and advertising

2023: The volume of the media market in Belarus increased by 5% to $96 million

The advertising market of Belarus begins to gradually grow after the crisis of 2022. Then its volume decreased from 109.2 to $80.3 million. In 2023, new players appeared and advertising investments increased by 17-20%. This indicates a recovery in the sector. Representatives of the digital hub Wunder Digital shared such data with TAdviser in October 2024. In their opinion, the forecasts for 2024 are also optimistic: an increase in the volume of the media market by 15-20% is expected, to $112.7 million, despite the projected inflation of 10%.

By the way, in 2023, the media market of Belarus faced moderate inflation, which amounted to 5%. The market volume for 2023 grew by 5% and reached $96 million. Forecasts for 2024 suggest a further increase in prices for advertising services at the level of 7-10%. Moreover, this increase will affect all channels in the same way, both in digital and non-digital sectors.

Meanwhile, digital channels continue to be the main driver of advertising market growth. The share of non-digital instruments in the media mix is declining, behind digital technologies, which already occupy 54-55% of the market. This trend confirms that digital tools will be key for marketing strategies in the coming years, determining the future of the advertising sector in Belarus, analysts say.

The leaders in the product categories were pharmaceuticals, food, retail and e-commerce, which provided the main growth in advertising investments. The share of these top 5 segments was distributed as follows: 19% is occupied by pharmaceuticals, 17% is accounted for by food, 12% - by retail, 11% - by cellular communications, and 6% - by e-commerce.

Although the cellular category was the only one that showed budget cuts, the rest showed significant growth exceeding 49%. The e-commerce segment stands out especially, which increased by 118% compared to 2022, becoming the fastest growing among all categories, noted in Wunder Digital.

The top 5 advertisers of 2023 included companies such as, PepsiCo LLC,, "Rubicon" A1 and MTS, "5 Item" which had approximately the same market share, which emphasizes the diversity of leaders in various sectors of the economy.

Agriculture

2024: Agricultural production growth by 3.4% to 36.3 billion Belarusian rubles

The National Statistical Committee of Belarus (Belstat) in January 2025 recorded an increase in agricultural production by 3.4% in 2024, reaching a volume of 36.3 billion Belarusian rubles at current prices.

According to SB.Belarus Today, agricultural organizations produced products worth 29.7 billion Belarusian rubles, which is 5.1% more than in 2023. The leaders in terms of production were Minsk (26.4%) and Brest (23%) regions.

Agricultural production in Belarus increased by 3.4% over the year thanks to Russia

Gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops increased by 8.8% to 8.3 million tons, rapeseed - by 15.8% to 1 million tons, sugar beet - by 2.2% to 5 million tons. Potato production amounted to 3.1 million tons, vegetables - 2.8 million tons.

According to the publication, the livestock sector also showed positive dynamics. The production of livestock and poultry in live weight increased by 2.6% to 1824.8 thousand tons, milk - by 5% to 8749.7 thousand tons, eggs - by 8% to 3713.3 million pieces.

Agricultural organizations provide the main share of production in the country: 97.3% of the republican volume of livestock and poultry, 97.9% of milk, 86.8% of eggs, 95% of grain, 95.1% of rapeseed and 97.8% of sugar beets. At the same time, their share in the production of potatoes is 10.8%, vegetables - 5.7%.

Grodno (18.3%), Gomel (11.3%), Vitebsk (11%) and Mogilevskaya (9.9%) regions made a significant contribution to the development of agriculture. The growth of production is largely due to the expansion of export supplies to Russia and other countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The increase in agricultural production was made possible thanks to state support for the industry, modernization of production facilities and the introduction of modern technologies in crop production and animal husbandry.^[9]

2021: 11.1% of workers are employed in agriculture

2019: Low use of pesticides in agriculture

Potato production per capita

1. Belarus - 631.3 kg per 1 person

2. Ukraine - 487.4 kg

3. Netherlands - 384.8 kg

4. Denmark - 343.3 kg

5. Belgium - 299.2 kg

6. Latvia - 251.3 kg

7. Kyrgyzstan - 230 kg

8. Poland - 229.8 kg

9. Russia - 216.8 kg

10. Kazakhstan - 208.5 kg

Alcohol market

Minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages

Transport

2021: Average train speed - 85.6 km/h

Automotive market

2021: 30,000 cars produced

Food industry

2021: Cheese production - 38.4 kg per capita