Animal husbandry in Russia

Main article: Agriculture in Russia

Meat exports and imports in Russia

• Meat exports and imports in Russia

Meat (Russian market)

Main article: Meat (Russian market)

Beef (Russian market)

Main article: Beef (Russian market)

Animal labelling

Main article: Animal labelling

Animal feed (Russian market)

Main article: Animal feed (Russian market)

2024

SPbGUVM announced a laboratory for the development of breeding livestock

A laboratory of reproductive technologies was launched at the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine (SPbGUVM). The first planting of embryos obtained by the in vitro method for breeding cattle at the enterprises of the Leningrad Region is planned in early 2025. The university announced this on December 13, 2024. Read more here.

Damate launched a new poultry complex in the Penza region for ₽7 billion

The Damate Group of Companies commissioned in December 2024 the first of two poultry blocks for 64 poultry houses in the village of Bolshaya Elan, Penza Region. Investments in the project financed by Rosselkhozbank amounted to about ₽7 billion. Read more here.

"Miratorg" opened a farm for breeding horses

On October 7, 2024, the Miratorg agro-industrial holding announced the launch of a project to create its own coneferm in the Oryol region. The new facility is designed to breed horses to be used in managing cattle herds on the company's farms. Read more here.

2023

2.2% reduction in cattle stock to 17.1 million animals

As of January 1, 2024, the number of cattle in Russia was 17.1 million heads. For comparison, a year earlier this figure was estimated at 17.5 million goals. Thus, the livestock decreased by about 2.2%, or 393 thousand animals. This is stated in the study of the Expert Consulting Center "InvestProekt," the results of which were published on August 28, 2024.

It is noted that the number of cattle in the Russian Federation has been decreasing since 2014, when it was estimated at 18.9 million animals. By 2020, the figure fell to 18 million goals, and in 2021 it fell to 17.7 million. In general, from 2014 to 2023, the livestock decreased by almost 10%.

The study says that by the end of 2023 there were 7.55 million cows in Russia: compared to 2022, their livestock decreased by 2.4%. The Holstein breed is the most common in the Russian Federation - 64.37% of the total number of cattle.

The revenue of companies engaged in the breeding of dairy cattle and the production of milk in 2023 amounted to 754.2 billion rubles. This is 29.6% more than in 2022. In 2023, 33.8 million tons of milk were received - plus 2.4% compared to the previous year. The average milk yield per cow was recorded at 5424 kg, which is 4.4% higher than in 2022.

In 2023, premises for cattle for 154.3 thousand places were built in Russia. The main capacities were introduced in the Volga Federal District (73 thousand places) and in the Central Federal District (34.4 thousand places). It is also said that in 2023, investments by large and medium-sized companies in the breeding of dairy cattle and the production of raw milk amounted to 162.4 billion rubles. This is 10% more compared to the volume of investments in 2022.^[1]

Reduced production of sheep and goats for slaughter to 443.7 thousand tons in live weight

The production of sheep and goats for slaughter in Russia in 2023 amounted to 443.7 thousand tons in live weight, which is 98.6% of the level of 2022. This was announced at the end of May 2024 by the Director General of the National Union of Sheep Breeders Mikhail Egorov at a plenary meeting of the XXIV Russian Exhibition of Breeding Sheep and Goats in Kaspiysk.

The main export direction of Russian lamb in 2023 was Iran - it accounted for 98% of the total export, which amounted to 10.73 tons. In addition, lamb was supplied to Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Saudi Arabia. In total, Russia exported 10,968 tons of lamb, which is 11 times higher than in 2022.

Production of sheep and goats for slaughter in Russia in 2023 amounted to 443.7 thousand tons

Imports of live sheep and goats to Russia in 2023 increased 3.5 times, reaching 3.8 thousand heads. The largest volumes of supplies fell on Austria and the Netherlands - 40% for each of these countries. The animals were also supplied from Germany and Hungary.

Egorov stressed that in 2023 there was a decrease in the volume of raising sheep and goats for slaughter in some regions. In Dagestan, production amounted to 74.9 thousand tons, which is 0.7% less than in 2022. In Kalmykia, 42 thousand tons (-2.6%) were produced, in the Astrakhan region - 33.1 thousand tons (-15%), in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic - 18.8 thousand tons (-2.6%), in the Volgograd region - 22 thousand tons (-1.4%), in the Republic of Tuva - 9.8 thousand tons (-4.8%). However, in the Stavropol Territory, production increased by 3% to 27.7 thousand tons.

The general director of the National Union of Sheep Farmers noted a decrease in the number of sheep and goats in farms of all categories - 20.3 million heads in 2023 against 20.8 million heads a year earlier.

Mikhail Egorov paid special attention to the growing import of unwashed wool and TOPS (processed wool) to Russia. In 2023, Russia exported unwashed wool in the amount of 1,384 tons, while imports amounted to 7,734 tons. Wool is imported from Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and other countries. TOPS is imported annually in the amount of 587 tons, mainly from China.

The head of the National Union of Sheep Farmers stressed that the solution to the problem is possible through an increase in the number of thin-grain sheep in farms, which will provide raw materials with light industry. "Thus, we will be able to increase the competitiveness of Russian products and reduce dependence on imports," he said.^[2]

Growth in livestock and poultry production by 3.1% to 13.3 thousand tons

The production of livestock and poultry for slaughter (live weight) in Russia in 2023 reached 13.3 thousand tons, which is 3.1% higher than a year ago. This is evidenced by the data that Rosstat disclosed at the end of January 2024.

According to Interfax, citing materials from the department, the number of cattle in agricultural organizations by the end of 2023 amounted to almost 7 million heads, which is 2% less than a year earlier. This number includes 3.1 million cows (2.8% less). The number of pigs increased by 3%, to 26.377 million heads, birds - decreased by 0.9%, to 464.9 million heads. The number of horses fell by 6.2%, to 208.7 thousand heads, sheep and goats - by 5.2%, to 2.97 million heads.

Livestock and poultry production for slaughter reached 13.3 thousand tons

According to the results of 2023, cattle production in Russia increased by 6.9% (the highest growth rates among all categories of farm animals) in comparison with 2022, to 1.1 million tons. Pig production increased by 6.5%, to almost 5.6 million tons. Sheep and goats in 2023 were grown 40 thousand tons, which is 2% more than a year earlier. At the same time, poultry production decreased by 0.1%, to 6.5 million tons.

According to Rosstat, in agricultural organizations in 2023, 20 million tons of milk were fed up, which is 5.6% more than in 2022. The yield per cow grew by 5.6%, to 8067 kg.

According to the Rosselkhoznadzor, in 2023 Russia increased the export of livestock products, primarily meat. So. pork supplies abroad increased by 6%, lamb - 11 times.

In 2023, livestock products were supplied to dozens of countries, and for many types of products (pork, lamb, horse meat, food offal), positive dynamics was noted compared to the same period in 2022, the Rosselkhoznadzor said in a statement.[3]

2022

Decrease in sales of milk substitutes for farm animals by 8% to 53.2 thousand tons

Sales of whole milk substitutes (CCM) for farm animals in Russia in 2022 amounted to 53.2 thousand tons, which is 8% less than a year earlier. The market showed a decline after 13.8% growth in 2021. This is evidenced by the data that BusinesStat analysts published in early September 2023.

They note that whole milk substitutes are used predominantly in dairy and meat farming. The industry is highly dependent on imported supplies of breeding products, feed, veterinary products, equipment and components. In 2022, Western sanctions led to a significant increase in prices for means of production and the transition of many counterparties to an prepaid system of work under supply contracts. Under the current conditions, the solvency of agricultural producers was limited, and the volume of purchases of CCM in 2022 decreased, experts explain.

As noted in the study, the main factor in the growth of sales of whole milk substitutes for agricultural animals in Russia in 2018-2021 was an increase in purchase prices for raw milk. The use of HCM in dairy production releases a significant amount of raw milk for sale and reduces the cost of feeding young animals. In 2018-2021, the marketability of milk (the percentage of raw milk sold from its total production) in Russia increased by 4.8%.

The increase in sales of whole milk substitutes in 2018-2021 was also facilitated by an increase in the number of pigs by 10.4%. With the increase in the demand for pork domestically and for export, the growth of livestock required an increase in the number of litters during the year and a larger amount of milk to feed the offspring. ZTM as an additional feed for piglets was actively used by pig farms.^[4]

Ministry of Agriculture: Damage to Russia from African swine fever and bird flu reached 3 billion rubles in a year

In 2022, the damage to the Russian agro-industrial complex (APC) from African swine fever (ASF) and bird flu amounted to 3 billion. rubles About this in early June 2023. agriculture Russia Minister Dmitry Patrushev said at the final meeting of the board of the ministry. According to him, the damage from especially dangerous animal diseases of the agro-industrial complex remains very significant.

These are direct losses of our agro-industrial complex, and in the end they affect the final prices for products, - quotes the Minister of Interfax.

According to him, the state is taking enhanced measures to improve the epizootic situation. In particular, for the first time in recent history, an action plan was approved, which collected the entire range of measures to protect animals from dangerous diseases. Including from the federal budget, impressive amounts are allocated for the purchase of vaccines and diagnostics, which are distributed free of charge to the regions. In 2023, 3.7 billion rubles were allocated for this, the minister said.

Not the first year I have been communicating with the branchers, so they do not confirm the official statements of the authorities. Over the past decades, we have experienced a serious decline in the rural population, and the reason for this is the ban on keeping pigs on personal farmsteads. Pig farming has always been a tradition and a good help for peasants. Therefore, I will say that this plague is not in farms, but in heads, - summed up the chairman of the Kuban ACCOR.

On May 15, 2023, the Izvestia newspaper, citing the Ministry of Education and Science, reported that Russian scientists had created a vaccine strain to protect animals from death when infected with the ASF virus. The order to develop a vaccine against infection was given by Deputy Prime Minister Victoria Abramchenko.^[5]

Russia became Europe's largest turkey producer for the first time

According to the consulting agency "Agrifud Stretegis," Russia at the end of 2022 for the first time took the leading place in Europe in the production of turkey. In terms of world volume, the Russian Federation lags behind only the United States, which accounts for almost half of the production of turkey meat (in 2022, the United States produced 2.4 million tons of this poultry meat).

According to analysts, agricultural enterprises, farmers and personal subsidiary farms of Russia in 2022 produced 415 thousand tons of turkey meat. The country was ahead of Poland (409.2 thousand tons), Germany (406 thousand tons), France (244.9 thousand tons) and Spain (231.9 thousand tons).

Over the past 10 years, Russian turkey management has demonstrated fivefold growth, and in most countries - traditional turkey producers there is an average reduction of 10-20%, according to the Agrifud Stretejis review, which quotes Interfax on May 30, 2023. Analysts call the reason for the increase in production in Russia the noticeably increased demand for turkey meat in our country as one of the most useful types of meat. Among other reasons are the physical and economic availability of turkey meat to consumers and the actively developing export of turkey products.

According to the study, in 2022 Russia became the largest supplier of turkey meat to, and, China Saudi Arabia UAE overtaking the United States, Poland, Chile and some countries. European Union The export volume amounted to 26 thousand tons, or $70 million in monetary terms.

For 2023, Agrifud Stretegis predicts a further increase in turkey production in Russia by 10%, to 440-450 thousand tons. And by 2030, the volume of production, according to analysts, should reach 600-650 thousand tons. This will significantly strengthen the position of Russian manufacturers in the world market, according to a consulting agency.^[6]

Russia produced a record volume of fodder for farm animals

In 2022, Russia produced a record volume of feed for farm animals - about 41 million tons, which is 8% more than a year earlier. In previous years, the market grew by about 3% per year. This is evidenced by data from the analytical agency Feedlot, which was released in March 2023.

According to a study for 2022, more than 60% of the volume of finished feed is provided by enterprises of two federal districts of Russia: Central (43%) and Volga (21%). At the same time, the most intensive increase in output in 2022 was shown by enterprises in the Far East (+ 33%).

In the structure of production of ready-made feed for farm animals, the main volume falls on compound feed - more than 80%. In 2022, domestic enterprises continued to increase their production rates - 6% more feed was produced than in 2021. The volume of production reached 34 million tons.

The structure of feed production by type is similar to the structure of meat production in various segments of animal husbandry. As in previous years, the bulk of the feed is for poultry and pigs, in total they account for about 90%.

In 2022, the volume of feed production for cattle reached almost 3 million tons, adding about 9% over the year; pig feed production was estimated at 14 million tonnes, up 7% year-on-year. The volume of production of feed for agricultural poultry for the year increased by 4%, to 16 million tons.

A significant increase in production volumes was observed in the segment of feed for other animals - about 17% in 2022. Among them, it is worth highlighting feed for horses, sheep and fish: over the year, their production increased by an average of 44%. At the same time, the output of feed for game has noticeably decreased (-21% per year).^[7]

Growth in livestock and poultry production by 2.9%

In 2022 Russia , livestock and poultry production on farms increased by 2.9% compared to the previous year. Milk yield also increased by 2%. This is evidenced by data Rosstat published in January 2023.

According to the department's assessment, the production of livestock and poultry for slaughter in live weight in farms of all categories increased in 2022 to 16.2 million tons. Gross milk yield - up to 33 million tons.

The number of cattle in farms of all categories in 2022 decreased to 17.5 million heads (by 0.9%), including 7.7 million cows (a decrease of 0.8%). Also, the number of sheep and goats decreased to 20.7 million, which is 1.1% less compared to 2021.

Pigs and birds in 2022 became larger, their number amounted to 27.7 million heads (an increase of 5.8%) and 550.8 million (an increase of 2.2%), respectively. In 2022, 46.1 billion eggs were received, compared with 2021, the growth was 2.7%.

Meat production in the Kursk region in 2022 amounted to 665.9 thousand tons, which is 10.3% more than a year earlier. The number of cattle as of December 31, 2022 in the region amounted to 169 thousand heads (a decrease of 2.6% compared to December 31, 2021), pigs - 2.4 million (an increase of 1.5%), sheep and goats - 149.1 thousand heads (an increase of 3.1%).

Livestock farmers of the Belgorod region in 2022 produced 1 million 716.9 thousand tons of meat in live weight, which is 1.4% less than in the previous year. Including pork produced 879.4 thousand tons (a decrease of 4.4%), poultry meat - 810.9 thousand tons (an increase of 2.2%). The number of cattle in the Belgorod region as of January 1, 2023 amounted to 184.5 thousand heads (an increase of 2.9%), pigs - 4 million 378.5 thousand (an increase of 2.6%), sheep and goats - 6.6 thousand (a decrease of 11.9%), birds - 46 million 34.3 thousand (an increase of 3.6%).^[8]

Hatching egg imports down 34% to 400m

At the end of 2022, the import of hatching eggs to Russia decreased by 34%, to 400 million pieces.

Russia has reduced import dependence on the incubation egg from 20% to 13% in 2022 - the Ministry of Agriculture.

Ministry of Agriculture creates GIS for the development of breeding livestock

In February 2022, it became known about the decision of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation to create a Federal State Information and Analytical System of Tribal Resources (FGIAS PR) in the country, to which these owners of breeding animals will provide. Read more here.

2020

Growth in livestock and poultry production in Russia by 3.1%, to 15.6 million tons - Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation

Livestock and poultry production in Russia in 2020 increased by 3.1%. This is evidenced by the data of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.

According to statistics, which the department published on February 4, 2021, in 2020, the production of livestock and poultry for slaughter in live weight in farms of all categories reached 15.6 million tons, which is 472 thousand tons more than in 2019. The largest rise was registered in pig farming (+ 8.9% or + 446 thousand tons), which the Ministry of Agriculture associated with the implementation of investment projects in this area and the expansion of export opportunities for Russian suppliers.

According to the Director General of the National Union of Pig Breeders Yuri Kovalev, the annual increase in pig production will remain at the level of 3-5%, and by 2025 production will increase to 5.8 million tons (live weight).

In 2020, cattle production in Russia increased by 0.3%. The production of birds increased by the same amount. The production of eggs amounted to 44.8 billion pieces, including in agricultural organizations the indicator increased by 64.6 million pieces (+ 0.2%). According to Sergey Lakhtyukhov, Director General of the National Union of Poultry Farmers, in recent years the industry has shown stable results, which makes it possible to fully meet the needs of the population and contributes to a decrease in imports. Further development of domestic consumption of poultry meat is possible by increasing the production of turkey and other niche products.

The Ministry of Agriculture attributed to the key factors determining the positive dynamics in Russian animal husbandry:

• the active use of state support measures by farmers;
• formation of a tribal base;
• strengthening veterinary protection.

According to the data, Rosstat the production of livestock products in 2020 increased by 3.2% compared to 2019, to 2.8 trillion. rubles The production of agricultural products as a whole increased by 5.3% during this time and amounted to 6.1 trillion rubles in actual prices.^[9]

Russia entered the top 5 largest pork producers

At the end of 2020, Russia was ahead of Brazil and entered the top five countries in pork production. This is evidenced by the data of the Center for Economic Forecasting (CEP) of Gazprombank. Read more here.

1903

Notes