The development of 5G networks in the world

What is 5G

Main article: 5G (fifth generation mobile)

Development of 5G in Russia

Main article: Development of 5G networks in Russia

Development of 5G in Ukraine

Main article: Development of 5G networks in Ukraine

Development of 5G networks in Kazakhstan

Main article: Development of 5G networks in Kazakhstan

The development of 5G networks in Belarus

Main article: Development of 5G networks in Belarus

The development of 5G in Europe

Main article: Development of 5G in Europe

The development of 5G in China

Main article: Development of 5G in China

The development of 5G in the United States

Main article: The development of 5G in the United States

2024: Launch of 5G network in Kyrgyzstan

In early August 2024, it became known about the launch of NUR Telecom (Nur Telecom; mobile operator providing services under the O!) Brand 5G network in Kyrgyzstan. It is expected that the introduction of fifth-generation communication technology will open up new opportunities for digital transformation of society, increasing the competitiveness of the economy and improving the quality of life of citizens. Read more here.

2023

The volume of the global market for dedicated 5G networks grew by 68% to $9.5 billion

In 2023, the global market for dedicated 5G networks reached $9.5 billion. For comparison, a year earlier, the costs in this segment amounted to $5.67 billion. Thus, an increase of 68% was recorded. Going forward, the industry is expected to continue to show rapid growth, as stated in the Market Research Future review presented at the end of October 2024.

One of the major drivers of the market is the rapid adoption of IoT (IoT) technologies in various sectors including smart cities, healthcare, manufacturing and transportation. Against the backdrop of a surge in connected devices, there is a need for a robust, high-performance network infrastructure that can support the transmission of increasing data streams. Dedicated 5G networks, with their high bandwidth and small delays, can effectively cope with such loads. The ability to support a variety of applications - from remote monitoring and management to real-time data sharing and interactive services - highlights the critical importance of 5G autonomous infrastructure in modern technology ecosystems.

Another important factor leading to the rapid expansion of the dedicated 5G network segment is the constant development of technologies and the introduction of innovations in the telecommunications sector. Companies are investing in R&D, bringing new technologies that boost performance and empower 5G systems. In addition, cooperation between telecommunications service providers, technology firms and government agencies contributes to the creation of a favorable environment for the development of the sector.

In terms of application of 5G networks, the market in question is segmented into smart cities, industrial automation, medical services, automotive, entertainment and media. In 2023, 5G solutions for smart cities provided about $2 billion in revenue. Another $1.5 billion came from industrial automation: 5G networks are actively used to improve operational efficiency in production environments. The medical services sector is estimated at $1 billion, and the automotive segment - at $2 billion. Entertainment and media costs reached $3 billion in 2023. In healthcare, the ability to quickly transfer large amounts of data enables the implementation of telemedicine and remote monitoring solutions, thereby improving patient care. In the transportation industry, 5G networks are being applied to keep autopilot systems and advanced logistics running, while the entertainment industry is rolling out improved streaming services and new interactive applications. The key players in the dedicated 5G network market are:

• British Telecom;
• Qualcomm;
• Ericsson;
• TMobile;
• ZTE;
• Nokia;
• Huawei;
• China Mobile;
• SK Telecom;
• Intel;
• Orange;
• Verizon;
• AT&T;
• Samsung;
• Cisco.

North America became the leader in terms of costs in 2023 with a result of $3.4 billion. This is followed by Europe with an estimate of $2.5 billion, and the Asia-Pacific region closes the top three with costs of $2.8 billion. The contribution of South America, the Middle East and Africa amounted to $0.8 billion.

At the end of 2024, the global market for dedicated 5G networks is estimated at $15.94 billion. Market Research Future analysts believe that in the future, the CAGR (average annual growth rate in complex percentages) will be 67.76%. Thanks to this, by 2032, costs will rise to $1 trillion.^[1]

Sales of equipment for 5G networks in the world increased by 27% over the year to $13.46 billion

In 2023, the global market for equipment for 5G networks reached $13.46 billion. For comparison, in 2022, the costs in this area amounted to $10.56 billion. Thus, sales increased by more than a quarter - by 27%. Statistics on the industry at the end of August 2024 were published by Market Research Future.

The main driver of the 5G equipment industry is the growing demand for high-speed mobile broadband services, the study said. 5G networks provide more bandwidth at low delays. This makes the technology in demand for a wide range of applications, including high-definition video streaming, gaming, virtual and augmented reality. In addition, many smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices are equipped with built-in 5G modems.

Another significant factor in the development of the market is government initiatives aimed at accelerating the deployment of 5G networks. USA For example, the authorities have set a goal to provide 5G coverage throughout the country by 2025. And the Ministry of Industry information technology China is spending billions to expand 5G infrastructure. 5G networks contribute to the proliferation of self-driving cars, as well as the development of platforms such as remote monitoring, autonomous operations and accurate production. Due to the rapid increase in the number of IoT devices, traditional 4G channels struggle to cope with the processing of generated data, which stimulates the expansion of 5G infrastructure. Technological advances are also driving demand: 5G equipment is becoming more affordable, efficient and productive. There is an integration of artificial intelligence machine learning (ME) into 5G devices to optimize network performance.

Analysts divide the 5G equipment market into three segments: radio access networks (RAN), backbone networks and transport networks. In 2023, RAN decisions brought the most revenue. In addition, the consumer, corporate and industrial sectors stand out. The corporate direction showed the largest revenue in 2023 with a result of almost 60%. The growth of this segment is due to the active introduction of 5G networks by enterprises for various applications such as remote work, cloud computing and the Internet of Things.

Among the leading players in the industry are named,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and Qualcomm Nokia Viavi Solutions Intel Mavenir Fujitsu Samsung ZTE. Geographically, Ericsson NEC Anritsu Huawei Keysight Technologies Cisco Airspan Networks it occupied North America the largest share in 2023: this is due to the early adoption of 5G technology by the main operators. is Europe the second largest consumer of 5G equipment: growth here is driven by increasing demand for 5G services from ordinary subscribers and businesses. Asia Pacific is the third largest market and is expected to continue to grow at a rapid pace. South America, the Middle East and have Africa relatively small shares, but have significant potential for development: this is due to increasing investment in 5G infrastructure from governments and telecom operators.

It is estimated that in 2024 global sales of 5G equipment will amount to about $17.15 billion. According to Market Research Future analysts, in the future, the CAGR (CAGR in complex percentages) will be at the level of 27.45%. Thus, by 2032, the volume of the industry will reach $119.4 billion^[2]

The volume of the global 5G services market grew by 50% and exceeded $190 billion

At the end of 2023, the volume of the global 5G services market reached $190.3 billion. For comparison, a year earlier, the corresponding services brought in $122.8 billion. Thus, an increase of 55% was recorded on an annualized basis. In the future, the industry will continue to develop rapidly, as stated in the materials of Market Research Future, published in mid-July 2024.

The main factor driving the increase in demand for 5G services is exponential traffic growth. Against the backdrop of the rapid development of AI-based platforms, the emergence of new smart devices and the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, the burden on mobile data channels is rapidly increasing. Traditional 4G networks struggle to handle these streams of information, so operators around the world are actively deploying 5G equipment. In addition to increasing speed, 5G networks provide a significant reduction in latency, which is important for tasks such as automated production, telemedicine, autonomous vehicles, virtual and augmented reality.

The development of 5G is also facilitated by the introduction of solutions for smart cities: the work of such services largely depends on advanced communication technologies. 5G systems enable smart sensors, connected devices and data analytics platforms to improve a wide variety of urban services - from traffic management platforms to energy efficiency tools. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the transition to remote work and remote learning: 5G networks with their high bandwidth and low delays provide the necessary infrastructure to support the uninterrupted functioning of video conferencing services and collaboration platforms.

The corporate segment is leading in terms of consumption of 5G services. In 2022, it accounted for $71.2 billion in revenue, which corresponds to 58% of the total market volume. Industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and logistics benefit significantly from 5G: these networks enable real-time data analysis, remote monitoring, and various automation tools. From a regional point of view, North America leads in terms of 5G use. Europe is in second place, and the Asia-Pacific region closes the top three, where the highest growth rates are recorded. This is due to rapid digital transformation, increased mobile data consumption and increasing demand for advanced technologies.

Among the significant players in the global 5G market are Ericsson, AT&T, T-Mobile US, Nokia, Qualcomm, AWS Wavelength, Acacia Communications, etc. Companies are investing heavily in R&D to expand their product offering and improve the quality of services. In order to minimize operating costs, some industry participants seek to organize local production of equipment.

Market Research Future analysts believe that in the future, the CAGR (CAGR in complex percentages) in the global 5G market will be 55%. As a result, by 2032 the volume of the industry will reach $6.34 trillion. Demand for 5G services is driven by the need for a sustainable and robust communications infrastructure to support a complex network of interconnected devices in smart cities. At the same time, the automotive industry is the fastest growing segment in the 5G market.^[3]

In which countries of the world the highest level of 5G network adoption

At the end of 2023, the global 5G market reached $350.6 billion, which is 40.9% of all global mobile revenue. At the same time, the share of 5G in the total number of cellular connections is steadily growing. This data of the GSMA organization became known in June 2024.

According to the study, in 2022, the share of 5G costs globally was estimated at 39%. By 2030, this figure is expected to reach 91%. In Russia, the costs of companies for the creation of domestic telecom equipment, including 5G and 6G, by 2030 are expected at 46 billion rubles. The report says that 632 million rubles were additionally allocated by the Russian government for the development of equipment for base stations of mobile communications. At the same time, the budget for the creation of the first Russian base station of the 5G standard amounted to 342 million rubles.

The leading countries in terms of 5G adoption include South Korea, Canada and the United States, where 5G's share of the total number of mobile connections will be approximately 95% by 2030. The number of users of 5G services is estimated at 62 million, 41 million and 400 million, respectively. In addition, the rating includes Germany and Britain with shares of 94% and 93% and the number of connections of 115 million and 84 million, respectively. The list also includes Japan (92%), France (90%) and China (88%).

It is said that pilot 5G zones should appear in each constituent entity of the Russian Federation until 2030, and in 16 Russian cities with a population of more than 1 million residents, fifth-generation commercial networks will work. In accordance with the approved Communication Industry Development Strategy until 2035, the share of the Russian population permanently residing in the territory where communication services using 5G/IMT-2020 technology are provided will reach 60% by 2035.^[4]

Growth in the number of connections to 5G networks in the world by 66% to 1.76 billion

By the end of 2023, there were approximately 1.76 billion connections to 5G networks worldwide. This is 700 million, or 66%, more than the previous year. Such figures are given in a study by 5G Americas and Omdia, the results of which were released on March 28, 2024.

Active adoption of 5G is underway in North America. 5G connections in the region accounted for 29% of all mobile connections by the end of 2023. The total number of 5G connections in the North American market rose on an annualized basis by 64%, or 77 million, reaching 197 million at the end of 2023.

By the end of 2023, there were approximately 1.76 billion connections to 5G networks worldwide

Latin America has also seen significant progress in the development of 4G/LTE and 5G mobile communications. In particular, by the end of 2023, the number of LTE connections here reached 582 million, which is 40 million more compared to the end of 2022. At the same time, the number of 5G connections was recorded at around 39 million.

Globally, the development of 5G infrastructure is showing significant momentum, the study said. As of March 18, 2024, there are 314 commercial 5G networks worldwide, with the number expected to rise to 450 by 2025, reflecting significant investment in 5G networks globally. According to forecasts, by 2028 the number of 5G connections on the planet will grow to 7.9 billion, and in North America the figure will be about 700 million. At the same time, 5G data traffic will be at the level of 76% of the total traffic in mobile networks.

The number of 5G connections will reach a landmark mark by 2028, accounting for more than half of all mobile connections. For North America, as one of the leaders, the figure will exceed 80% of connections, "said Kristin Paulin, chief analyst at Omdia[5]

The number of 5G devices used in the world has reached 1.6 billion

At the end of 2023, the total number of 5G devices used in the world reached 1.6 billion. For comparison, in 2022 this figure was approximately 1 billion. Thus, year-on-year growth was recorded at 60%. This is stated in the GSMA Intelligence study (GSMAi), published on February 28, 2024.

As of January 2024, 261 operators in 101 countries around the world have launched 5G commercial services, while more than 90 more operators in 64 markets have committed to deploying them. Of the 261 5G networks available, 47 are built on an autonomous architecture (SA), and another 89 such networks are in the process of being implemented.

The total number of 5G devices used in the world has reached 1.6 billion

The development of 5G infrastructures that provide high data rates with low delays is driving the growth of all kinds of connected devices and the expansion of the Internet of Things market. GSMAi data shows that by the end of 2023, the corporate segment has 10.7 billion IoT connections. In the consumer sector, this value reached 10.5 billion compounds.

Analysts believe that by 2030 the number of 5G devices used in the world will increase to 5.5 billion. It is predicted that monthly global mobile data traffic per 5G connection will grow from 12.8 GB in 2023 to 47.9 GB in 2030. At the same time, the number of corporate IoT connections will rise to 38.5 billion. The development of the industry is facilitated by the introduction of applications and services based on generative artificial intelligence: as of the end of 2023, 56% of operators are testing the corresponding solutions. Analysts also believe 5G will account for 56% of all mobile connections by 2030, making the technology dominant in cellular communications.^[6]

An auction for the sale of 5G frequencies has been completed in Poland. How much did the authorities earn

On October 18, 2023, the Office of Electronic Communications of Poland announced the completion of an auction for the sale of frequencies for 5G cellular networks. The state budget will receive a total of more than 1.9 billion zlotys (approximately $449.54 million at the exchange rate as of October 19, 2023). Read more here.

South Korea's largest mobile operator admits failed 5G network launch

In mid-August 2023, SK Telecom, South Korea's largest mobile operator, released a document according to which the commercial launch of 5G networks was far from as successful as industry participants predicted. Read more here.

Frequencies in state ownership. Malaysia has taken a new path towards 5G development

On July 15, 2023, Maxis Broadband, a subsidiary the Malaysian of the telecommunications company Maxis Bhd, announced its intention to sign an agreement state with the infrastructure organization Digital Nasional Berhad (DNB) to provide services on the basis. 5G More. here

Kenya launches 5G network

In early July 2023, operator Airtel announced the launch of a fifth generation (5G) high-speed mobile network in Kenya. The deployed infrastructure covers the entire country on the east coast of Africa. Read more here.

Huawei: It's hard to find Huawei for 5G networks in business

Applying 5G technology to business has proved harder than expected. This was announced on June 28, 2023 by the financial director of the Chinese telecommunications corporation Huawei Meng Wanzhou.

Huawei notes that the emergence of each next generation of mobile communications technologies opens up new opportunities in terms of better and more versatile network use. The 5G platform was being developed just for this purpose. The key areas of application of the technology in the business sphere are automation of production, robotic transport, telemedicine, virtual, augmented and mixed reality systems.

As Wanzhou reported, the problems associated with the introduction of 5G in the business were underestimated. The use of this technology is fundamentally different from 2G, 3G or 4G solutions. Huawei emphasizes that when building 5G networks, it is necessary to take into account bandwidth and coverage from the very beginning, as well as provide a uniform and consistent user experience. And this requires the development of differentiated plans, taking into account deployment restrictions and coverage requirements in various scenarios using macro-cell, portable and reference base stations.

However, as noted by Wanzhou, high competition among Chinese companies may stimulate wider adoption of 5G. High throughput and low latency of such networks in some cases allow for a full replacement of broadband wired channels.

I believe Chinese businesses are probably more ready to test new 5G applications. But, of course, when introducing technology, there are barriers in any industry, especially in traditional segments in which there is already a formed ecosystem, "said Wanzhou.[7]

Launch of 5G network in Baku

On February 1, 2023, Bakcell announced the launch of a 5G network in Azerbaijan. It has become available to residents of several districts of Baku - in particular, you can use the technology on Fontanov Square (19 G.Z. Tagizade St.), in the Hagani Garden (Molokan Garden) and in the Deniz Mall. Read more here.

2022

The number of users of 5G services in the world has exceeded 1 billion

The number of mobile subscribers using 5G technology in the world by the end of November 2022 reached 1 billion. This was stated in Ericsson, a telecommunications equipment company.

According to forecasts, there will be 5 billion users of 5G services, despite "current and new economic problems in many parts of the world."

Experts note that the number of 5G subscribers reached one billion two years faster than happened with 4G technology after its launch in due time. According to the study, 5G is the fastest growing mobile technology, which is facilitated by the following factors: the timely release of 5G devices by more manufacturers, a faster reduction in the price of such gadgets compared to 4G devices, and the large-scale deployment of fifth-generation networks in China.

North America and Northeast Asia lead in 5G penetration rates. By the end of 2022, about 35% of cellular subscribers in these regions use 5G services.

By the end of November 2022, almost 230 telecommunication companies had deployed 5G networks, more than 700 models smartphones with support for these networks were announced or are in commercial operation.

The researchers say that fifth-generation communication not only meets the needs of ordinary users, but also the most modern technologies, such as autonomous driving systems or augmented/virtual reality systems.

According to Ericsson, by the end of 2022, there are about 8.4 billion active devices connected to mobile networks in the world. By 2028, this figure will grow to 9.2 billion units, of which 55% will be accounted for by 5G connections. 5G communications are expected to be available to 85% of the world's population by 2028.^[8]

Global rating of operators by Internet speed in 5G networks

In September 2022, OpenSignal, which develops an application that collects information about the signal quality and coverage of the network of mobile operators, published a rating of the fastest 5G networks in the world. Two South Korean telecommunications companies are leading the way.

The study is based on measurements of the speed of the mobile Internet that application users conducted on their mobile devices around the world, as well as on the application's data on network coverage. The development and expansion of 5G networks was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but analysts see the technology entering a more stable path of development. This was made possible by the huge number of smartphones with 5G support, improved operator strategies and active network launches. 5G technology is also being improved as work is well underway on new 5G standards - 3GPP Releases 17 and 18, which aim to further improve the 5G experience.

According to Opensignal, the average data download speed on SK Telecom's 5G network was 469.6 Mbps, 2.55 times the 184.2 Mbps average among global mobile operators.

LG Uplus, the third largest mobile operator in the country, came in second with 429.6 Mbps, followed by, the Bulgarian Vivacom Tele2 AB of Sweden and KT of. South Korea

In terms of 5G download speed, SK Telecom ranked seventh, while LG Uplus ranked 16th. The report shows that SK Telecom, KT and LG Uplus ranked first three in terms of 5G gaming experience.

Opensignal publishes globally recognized studies of mobile network quality in terms of customer experience. According to the researchers, many operators loudly say that their network is the best, and the speeds are the highest. Often, though, statements run counter to end-customer experience. Opensignal's mission is to tell the truth about the real experience of the user of mobile services:

{{quote "We believe that greater transparency will encourage mobile operators to develop, help consumers choose a mobile operator, promote competition and improve the quality of communication for everyone^[9][2] }}

Frequency sales for LTE and 5G for $967 million in South Africa

On March 18, 2022, South Africa completed an auction for the sale of radio frequency spectrum for LTE and 5G networks, collecting almost $1 billion ($967.49 million) from six participants. Read more here.

5G frequencies sold in Egypt for $1.17 billion

In early February 2022 Egypt Orange , the national telecommunications regulatory authority allocated Egypt and Time Division Duplex frequencies. This decision was a continuation of the tender conducted by the department to allocate additional frequency bands with a width of 80 MHz in the frequency space of 2.6 thousand. MHz in the TDD system, as a result of which Vodafone Egypt and Telecom Egypt received frequency bands in exchange for $1.17 billion. The two companies signed an additional agreement to license mobile services to allow them to use the new frequencies. More. here

2021

The global market for dedicated 5G networks exceeded $1.7 billion

The volume of the global market for equipment and services for dedicated 5G networks deployed within a separate enterprise reached $1.72 billion in 2021, analysts at ResearchAndMarkets said in May 2022 without specifying the dynamics relative to 2020.

A dedicated wireless technology network designed for digitalization and automation of technological processes combines various sensors, elements of the production ecosystem and the enterprise IT infrastructure into a single secure circuit. This generally ensures stability, increased reliability and safety of all elements of production.

The following companies are named the largest providers of solutions for dedicated 5G networks:

• Ericsson;
• Nokia;
• Huawei Technologies;
• Samsung;
• ZTE;
• Deutsche Telekom;
• Juniper Networks;
• AT&T;
• Verizon Communications;
• Altiostar;
• Mavenir;
• BT Group;
• T-Systems International;
• Cisco;
• Vodafone.

According to the researchers, global spending on equipment and services that ensure the operation of private 5G networks will grow by an average of 39.8% annually and will amount to $2.51 billion by 2029.

The growth of this market is facilitated by the fact that representatives of industries such as the oil and gas sector, industrial production, power and mining are investing immensely in the deployment of private 5G telecommunications networks in order to improve overall performance and operational efficiency. In addition, such networks play an increasingly important role in critical projects, such as public safety, according to an analytical report.

More than half of the market for solutions for dedicated 5G networks in 2021 fell on equipment, including RAN, transit and transport equipment for various critical applications.^[10]

Defense complex spending on 5G networks in the world amounted to $765.2 million

The costs of the defense complex on 5G networks in the world in 2021 amounted to $765.2 million. This was announced in mid-March 2022 by analysts at ResearchAndMarkets.

In the future, according to ResearchAndMarkets researchers, the defense complex market should reach a value of $8.952.30 million by 2027, demonstrating a CAGR of 48.50% during 2022-2027.

The widespread adoption of autonomous defense vehicles and robots in the defense sector is one of the key factors primarily contributing to market growth. In addition, the market growth is driven by the growing use of 5G in radar to detect and track multiple targets, as well as a growing number of cross-border and territorial conflicts.

Moreover, various technological advances such as Internet of Things (IoT) integration, which enables communication between multiple sensors and connected devices and facilitates high-speed data connectivity, are driving the market growth.

5G services are rapidly being rolled out into augmented reality (AR) to service gadgets, vehicles and military training equipment, positively impacting market growth. In addition, the rapid modernization of defense infrastructure and the implementation of various government initiatives to support 5G technology are among the factors creating positive prospects for the market.

Among the main players in the defense complex market:

• Cisco Systems
• L3harris Technologies
• Ligado Networks
• Nokia
• Nvidia
• Qualcomm
• Raytheon
• Samsung Electronics
• Sierra Wireless
• Ericsson
• Thales
• Wind River Systems Intel ( Corporation).^[11]

5G networks launched 200 operators in 78 countries

In early January 2022, it became known that by the end of 2021 there were 200 operators in the world offering services in 5G networks in 78 countries. 487 operators in 145 states at that time invested in the fifth generation of mobile communications operating on the basis of telecommunications standards (5G/IMT-2020), including in testing and acquiring licenses, compared with 412 operators by the end of 2020.

According to the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA), by the end of 2021, 187 operators working with 5G networks offered mobile services, and the rest - fixed wireless services based on the same technology. GSA has a total of 83 operators in 45 countries that have launched fixed wireless access services using 5G technology.

99 operators in 50 countries are already investing in autonomous 5G networks, including those who plan, test or launch 5G SA networks. GSA has catalogued 20 operators in 16 countries with autonomous 5G networks deployed in public networks. At the end of 2021, experts counted 1.2 thousand announced 5G devices, which is almost 125% more than in 2020. About half are 5G phones, up more than 120% from 278 at the end of 2020. A total of 857 of these devices were on sale by the end of 2021, more than double the 335 devices on the market by the end of 2020.

Analysts believe that the market, the recovery of which was outlined in the second half of 2021, will grow in subsequent years. The average annual growth is expected to be 122.7% between 2022 and 2027. According to analysts, the younger generation of users increasingly prefers content on demand, and the spread of smartphones 5G gives them the ability to view high-quality content on the go. In addition, with the growth of both consumer and industrial internet of things smartphones , the role of a personalized device will play authentications in order to improve security.^[12]

Along with 5G, artificial intelligence and VR/AR are most actively used in the world

The city portal on digital technologies ICT.Moscow and the capital Moscow Department of Information Technology (DIT) conducted an annual study of new application practices 5G in the world. The results of the study on December 8, 2021 were shared by ICT.Moscow. From August 2020 to October 2021, 146 fifth-generation technology practices communications out of 34 were analyzed, countries including 16 the Russian projects. The study showed that more active than other technologies along with 5G are used () artificial intelligence AI and virtual/(/),augmented reality cities VRAR still play a significant role in the implementation of 5G practices and, as well as the states geography of application of the technology has significantly expanded.

The study included both projects presented in demonstration mode and practices whose testing has already begun within the pilots. All of them are conditionally divided into 9 functional areas: industry and power, logistics and transport, entertainment and tourism, security, communications, medicine, ecology and agriculture, trade and services, education. The review also analyzed technologies and technological directions, with which 5G is used more often: AI, VR/AR, Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, peripheral computing, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X ). The collected practices were announced in open sources of information from August 2020 to October 2021 inclusive.

Among the main trends, ICT.Moscow analysts name the following:

The geography of 5G application in the world is significantly expanding - compared to the 2020 report, it was possible to find 5G practices in 14 new countries, among them:, France, and Italy, Australia New Zealand countries. South America In most states represented a year ago, the number of practices has increased. The largest number of new practices, as a year ago, was found at (22). China It is followed by (17) Great Britain and (16), USA which have become more visible on the global landscape largely due to the activity of local operators. 16 Russian 5G/5G-ready implementation practices were also selected.

The internal geography of 5G practices is also expanding - they are actively implemented not only in capitals and megacities, but also in provinces, regions and small cities.

The key functional areas in which 5G practices are most actively introduced are: industry, transport, entertainment, security, communications and medicine. Compared to 2020, trade and the provision of services became a new direction, which was included in the monitoring of this year. In industry, where the largest number of practices are still found, there is a development of scenarios discovered last year. This is the introduction at industrial facilities (at the level of infrastructure hubs), equipment management. Among other things, technically complex practices were implemented in the transport segment: for example, providing communication with high-speed transport highways. In most areas, another trend is noticeable - many new practices have become more narrow-profile, that is, within the framework of one practice, a narrower range of tasks is solved and a smaller range of technologies is used in addition to 5G.

The number of 5G practices presented in the review, by functional areas:

AI and VR/AR are more active than other technologies along with 5G. For AI solutions, 5G provides continuous transmission of a large amount of data. This is especially true for industry and transport (more than half of AI practices are concentrated in these areas). VR/AR practices are distributed approximately evenly in all functional areas: both in industry and transport, as well as in the segments of entertainment and tourism, medicine, ecology and agriculture. For example, these technologies are used in 5G networks to train staff, conduct workshops and remote meetings, and test virtual games in the cloud.

The technologies and technological directions mentioned in the descriptions of the review practices:

Cities and states continue to play a prominent role in the implementation of 5G practices - if a year ago the participation of cities was determined for about half of the found practices, now this figure has increased to 67%: 98 out of 146 cases in one way or another involve city or state departments, as well as companies with noticeable state participation (for example, Chinese telecom operators).

Enterprises actively use private 5G networks - more than a quarter of the selected 5G practices were implemented in private 5G networks. As a rule, they are deployed by industrial enterprises - most of the projects in this direction were carried out in private networks. However, such practices are also found in the segments of transport, medicine, security, agriculture. Half of Russian practices are also implemented in private 5G and 5G-ready networks (that is, ready for launch in fifth-generation networks after the approval of the relevant standards), also mainly at industrial enterprises.

In Russia, in the absence of approved 5G standards, local testing of the technology continues, while new application practices track the same trends that were tracked when studying foreign projects. The study includes 16 Russian practices for the use of 5G/5G-ready. Their number has increased compared to last year's review, which included only 8 Russian projects. This suggests the expansion of the application of 5G in the country even taking into account the lack of allocated frequencies and approved standards for the launch of 5G.

About half of Russian practices (7 out of 16) were implemented in Moscow and the Moscow region - more than in any other Russian city or region. Nevertheless, new projects were carried out in other million-plus cities (for example, St. Petersburg or Novosibirsk) and regions of the country. Thus, the internal geography of the application of 5G communication has expanded compared to 2020, when there were much fewer regional practices.

The most active in the use of 5G/5G-ready in Russia were industrial enterprises. Practices in this area, as well as in the communication segment, have become noticeably more compared to the 2020 review. New practices also appeared in the areas of entertainment and tourism, medicine, transport.

As abroad, most practices were implemented with the support of cities (9 out of 16). Among these practices is testing several solutions and scenarios from companies in the 5G Demo Center with the support of DIT Moscow.

National Democratic Institute in the United States warned of the danger of 5G

On August 9, 2021, information appeared that the American National Democratic Institute (NDI) analyzed the possible consequences of the spread of 5G technologies for democratic processes and human rights.

According to an organization supported by the American government, little attention was paid to this topic earlier, although the impact of breakthrough technologies in democratic countries has already been significant.

So, according to the authors of the report, 4G systems have opened a "new stage," at which this technology has become a tool not only for mobilizing society and informing, but also for spreading disinformation, surveillance, censorship and exploitation by "anti-democratic forces." New generation developments, in turn, can expand these opportunities for countries with authoritarian regimes.

As an example, the NDI cites, Russia which allegedly already conducts surveillance in various, countries of the world"intimidating civil society and Internet-." providers At the same time, Western countries are not mentioned in such a context and are presented as "defenders of democracy."^[13]

In Canada, 5G frequencies sold out for billions

At the end of July 2021, an auction for the sale of 5G frequencies in the 3.5 GHz band ended in Canada. The total volume of trading reached C $8.91 billion, the most active were telecom companies Bell, Rogers and Telus. Read more here.

Samsung and KT launch commercial 5G SA network in Korea

Samsung Electronics on July 15, 2021 announced the launch in Korea of the first commercial 5G network with autonomous architecture (SA) in conjunction with KT Corporation (KT). Read more here.

South Korea massively complains about slow 5G Internet

At the end of March 2021, it became known that about a thousand users 5G-Internet of them South Korea intend to file a lawsuit against the country's telecom operators. The lawsuit could be brought against three major South Korean operators, SK Telecom KT LG and Uplus, which have failed to deliver the proper quality of services related to 5G networks. More. here

5.23 Gbps - new speed record in commercial 5G networks

In March 2021, Samsung announced that it had achieved record data speeds in the commercial 5G network. Using E-UTRAN New Radio Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) technology, it allows mobile operators to increase 5G speed and coverage by using an LTE network), it was possible to achieve a figure of 5.23 Gbps.

To set a new speed record in the 5G network, 4G frequencies of 40 MHz and 800 MHz of 5G frequency in the millimeter band (mmWave) were combined, and Samsung equipment was used, including the Samsung   Galaxy S20 + smartphone, 4G radio modules , 5G radio stations ( Compact Macro) and the common 4G/5G core . Samsung made the protocols and spectra of both standards work simultaneously to serve one subscriber .

In addition, carrier aggregation was used, which combines several spectrum channels to increase efficiency and increase the data transmission rate over a wireless network. 

Samsung has set a new 5G data rate record, highlighting the potential for a combination of 4G and 5G for users,  comments Ji-Yun Seol, vice president and head of Samsung's wireless technology group. - This achievement has strengthened our commitment to providing customers with the best fifth generation communications solutions and helping mobile carriers move to 5G service delivery as quickly as possible.

Samsung broke the last speed record for 5G networks at 5 Gbps, which was set by the Swedish Ericsson in a partnership  with cQualcomm  and Telstra,  New Atlas notes. However, Samsung's achievement is not limited to a slight increase of 230 Mbps - the main feature of EN-DC is that the new system consists of commercial solutions, most of which are already available on the market.^[14]

US Air Force begins preparations for the launch of 5G networks in space

In early March 2021, the space AIR FORCE USA command began preparations for the launch of 5G networks in space. It is assumed that such a system will improve the transmission of data of both space and ground communications. More. here

5G Network Infrastructure Market Leaders - Gartner

In February 2021, the analytical company Gartner published the so-called magic quadrant (study) for the infrastructure market for 5G networks. Ericsson, Nokia and Huawei are the largest manufacturers of relevant equipment and services in the world. Read more here.

Carriers will often face difficulties trying to power 5G networks

The development of 5G technologies will open up a number of opportunities for telecommunications companies. Thus, the latest generation of communication will provide them with further sustainable development, as well as help increase energy efficiency. However, a joint study by telecommunications technology consultancy STL Partners and Vertiv, a provider of critical infrastructure and process continuity solutions, found the opposite. In practice, carriers will often face difficulties trying to power 5G networks. The results of the study on February 24, 2021 were presented by Vertiv.

According to experts, 5G networks are up to 90% more energy efficient than 4G networks. Nevertheless, the costs of electricity companies will increase several times, since these networks need much more energy due to the increased density of network traffic and the heavy load on the network. Telecom operators can solve this problem in two ways: use advanced approaches to achieve energy efficiency in infrastructures or encourage customers to implement similar services.

According to STL Partners, global 5G traffic will significantly exceed 3G/4G as early as 2025, making network sustainability a top priority for telecom operators. At the same time, 40% of the companies surveyed indicated that when introducing 5G networks, the main priority should be to ensure energy efficiency.

The Why Energy Management Is Critical To 5G Success (Why Energy Management Is Key to 5G Success) report presents the results of several studies, including a survey of 500 companies around the world. The report reflects the challenges telcos face as they try to contain rising energy consumption and other 5G-related costs.

The document contains several methods for solving the main problems:

• Network technologies: the introduction of hardware and software designed to improve energy efficiency.
• A facility infrastructure that includes peripheral data centers that support cloud technologies.
• Infrastructure management: implement the necessary equipment and software for measuring, monitoring, optimizing and automating the network, as well as for its management.
• Organization and evaluation: A holistic view of costs and ​​investitsiyakh across the network.
• Collaboration: use of innovative and non-traditional commercial models, standards and options for cooperation with customers.

To reduce power consumption and costs, carriers analyze the entire ecosystem around their corporate networks - people, goals, infrastructure and partners, says Scott Armul, Vertiv's vice president of global power solutions. The health of 5G applications depends on the state of information technology, therefore, in order to optimize and work efficiently, close interaction between telecom operators, OEMs, infrastructure solution providers and customers is necessary.

The report also found that improving the energy efficiency of the network and best practices were not everything. These tools are only part of a holistic social approach to limiting energy consumption and emissions. Within it, the use of 5G will go far beyond the control of the telecom operator.

Operators are rolling out 5G networks to boost their revenue. Additional connectivity and application options for technology will allow customers to solve their own problems, and will also contribute to sales growth, says Phil Laidler, director of STL Partners. But to be reliable and competent partners for their customers, telecom operators must forget about profits and set an example for the entire market. An energy efficiency strategy is a great starting point.

The study also highlighted three industries that would benefit most from 5G networks. So, by 2030, the industrial sector can make a profit of up to $730 billion thanks to the use of 5G for advanced preventive maintenance and automation. A similar picture can be observed in the transport and logistics industries, whose revenues will grow by $280 billion as a result of the introduction of transport infrastructure and automated home delivery services. And finally, the report said 5G could help the health sector by providing expanded access to health services for 1 billion patients by 2030.

To deploy 5G networks, carriers need to build close relationships among themselves. Only 37% of respondents said they had found reliable partners to reduce carbon emissions, according to the survey. But still, 56% say that cooperation among telecommunications companies will not soon be possible.

2020

Connecting 220 million devices to 5G networks - Ericsson

In 2020, 5G 220 million devices were connected to -nets, or about 3% of the total number of connections (8 billion), the study said. Ericsson The company previously predicted the operation of 190 million units of subscriber equipment by the end of the year.

According to Ericsson analysts, the spread of 5G in China was stronger than expected, and this country accounted for almost 80% of users of 5G services.

China has driven this growth, driven by a strong strategic focus on 5G in the country, Fredrik Jejdling, head of telecoms products at Ericsson, told Reuters.

In China, demand is dictated by regulator policy, competition between several operators and the availability of various models of affordable 5G smartphones on sale. The second place is occupied by North America with a share of 5G connections of 4%.

According to experts, by the end of 2020, 5G services were provided by 130 operators around the world, and the total number of operating fifth-generation networks reached 106.

Fredrik Jadling believes that by the end of 2021, about 1 billion people or 15% of the world's population will live in the coverage area of ​ ​ 5G networks. Ericsson expects that by the end of 2026 there will be 3.5 billion connections to cellular networks in the world, and this segment will account for more than half of mobile traffic. Moreover, every tenth cellular subscriber will use 5G services. By 2026, 60% of the world's population will have access to 5G networks, the company predicts.

In 2020, much has been done to develop digital services. The [coronavirus COVID-19] pandemic has shown the vital need to connect to the network and acted as a catalyst for change, says Jadling. - Operators continue to build 5G networks, and a new stage in the development of 5G technologies begins, allowing you to take advantage of most of the advantages of new devices and applications. Mobile networks are a critical infrastructure that we use every day, and 5G technologies will contribute to future economic growth.

By the end of 2020, more than 150 commercial models of devices with support for 5G NR technologies were presented in the world. Many of them support frequency multiplexed duplex (FDD) and dynamic frequency resource redistribution (DSS) technologies. In Asia and North America, the first 5G networks with autonomous architecture (SA) have been launched, devices have been released that support aggregation of NR carriers.^[15]

5G Protection Equipment & Services Market Valued at $580 Million - MarketsandMarkets

The market for equipment and services for protection of networks 5G at the end of the year 2020 is estimated by analysts MarketsandMarkets at $580 million. Experts say demand for such solutions is growing rapidly as fifth-generation communications are actively built and launched. More. here

Oppo Opens Its First 5G Innovation Lab in India

On December 22, 2020, Oppo announced the opening of its first 5G innovation laboratory at a research and development center in Hyderabad (India). The company was created with the aim of further developing the main product technologies for 5G ecosystems. The lab's opening is designed to accelerate 5G commercialization and India's technological presence in one of the fastest-growing areas. Read more here.

Commercial 5G network launched in Maldives

In mid-December 2020, telecommunications operator Ooredoo launched commercial 5G services in the Maldives. The initial rollout of the network covered much of the capital, Male, including key business centres, hospitals and public spaces. Read more here.

Announcement of an industrial 5G router for connecting local systems to public 5G networks

Siemens"" introduced industrial - router 5G - Scalance MUM856-1 to connect local industrial systems to public 5G networks, which will be available in the spring of 2021. As reported TAdviser on December 4, 2020 in Siemens, with the help of this solution you can connect to local production and its devices remotely through public 5G networks, while receiving a high transmission speed. data Read more.-- > here

Over 1 billion people will live in the area of ​ ​ 5G networks by the end of the year

November 30, 2020 it became known that in 2026 4 of the 10 connections around the world will be on the fifth generation communication networks 5G (). These data are contained in the annual Ericsson Mobility Report for November 2020. Experts conclude that it 5G will become the fastest developing technology, which in terms of distribution rates will quickly overtake the standards of previous generations.

By the end of 2020, 1 billion people will live in the 5G coverage zone - 15% of the world population. Operators will actively build 5G networks, and in 2026 the 60% of the world population will be in the zone of their operation, and the number of connections will reach 3.5 billion.

At the end of November 2020, 106 commercial 5G networks were put into operation, and by the end of 2020 there will be 220 million 5G connections in the world. This is a pleasant surprise for mobile operators, since earlier demand was estimated at a more modest figure - 150 million connections by the end of 2020.

The main growth is observed in China, where 5G accounts for 11% of connections in cellular networks. There, this situation is dictated by the regulator's policy, competition between several operators and the availability of various models of affordable 5G smartphones on sale. The second place is occupied by North America with a share of 5G connections of 4%. It is North America that will own the leadership in terms of penetration in the coming years - in 2026, 80% of mobile connections in the region will be in 5G networks. In Europe, 5G technologies account for just 1% of all connections in the region's mobile networks. This is due to the fact that during 2020 several countries postponed auctions at once and did not allocate the frequencies necessary for the deployment of networks to operators.

In 2020, much has been done to develop digital services. The pandemic has shown the vital need to connect to the network and acted as a catalyst for the changes that are detailed in the next issue of the Ericsson Mobility Report, says Fredrik Jejdling, vice president of Ericsson and head of communications networks. - Operators continue to build 5G networks, the next stage in the development of 5G technologies begins, allowing you to take advantage of most of the features of devices and applications. Mobile networks are a critical infrastructure that we use every day, and 5G technologies will contribute to the future growth of the svyshe [16] economy[17]

International Telecommunication Union adopts first standards for 5G

At the end of November 2020, the International Telecommunication Union () ITU adopted radio interface standards for 5G and published them as part of IMT-2000 recommendations. The recommendations included 3GPP 5G-SRIT and 3GPP 5G-RIT from 3GPP and 5Gi from the Standards Development Society telecommunication. India

It was these technologies that were deemed well-designed enough to ensure interoperability of operations and equipment around the world, including in the form of roaming services. As a result, they all entered the first issue of the IMT-2020 entitled "Detailed Specifications of IMT-2020 Radio Interfaces."

The evaluation of candidate technologies was carried out not only by the International Telecommunication Union, which is a specialized institution. UN According to ITU representatives, the recommendations were developed in the course of "close cooperation," and ITU member states, equipment manufacturers, network operators, national, regional and international standardization organizations, as well as the academic community also contributed significantly. The ITU spokesperson also explained that the International Union began developing global 5G standards in early 2012, and in 2015 the name and concept of the IMT-2020 were adopted.

By ITU definition, an open standard is a standard or protocol equally accessible for reading and use without restriction to all interested parties. It does not contain format or protocol-specific components or extensions, which do not fall under the definition of an open standard, does not contain legal or technical provisions, restricting its use by any interested party in any business schemes, developed and refined in the course of procedures independent of the specific supplier and open to equal participation of competitors and third parties, and is also available in a large number of full implementations performed by competing suppliers, or as a complete implementation equally accessible to all parties.^[18]

ICT.Moscow: The world is growing in the number of sites to study the possibilities of using 5G

The number of sites for studying the possibilities of using 5G is growing in the world. This result of the ICT.Moscow study became known on October 29, 2020.

The main areas of 5G testing were media and entertainment, solutions for a smart city, industry, and among technologies, virtual and augmented reality, the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence were most often found. This was shown by an analysis of the world experience of testing technology in laboratory conditions, conducted by the ICT.Moscow. The authors studied the practices of 116 sites from 24 countries.

ICT.Moscow analysts studied the experience of different countries, telecom operators, telecom equipment vendors and other companies engaged in the study of fifth-generation communications to create sites for testing and studying 5G. A total of 116 laboratory-type 5G sites from 24 countries, including 10 Russian ones, were considered. They were selected in the process of studying publications in open sources (until August 2020), taking into account the following criteria: the presence of a test 5G cellular network; availability of infrastructure and opportunities for comprehensive research of 5G networks in laboratory conditions.

The review revealed a number of current trends in global 5G testing practices. Thus, most of the reviewed global 5G sites have been created over the past three years, which is due to the growing interest in testing the fifth generation communication capabilities. The review included more than 100 sites opened from 2018 to August 2020. - this is almost 87% of the total number considered.

The reviewed laboratories more often studied the possibilities of communication of the fifth generation mainly in the fields of media and entertainment, solutions for a smart city, industry, logistics and transport. This is followed by medicine, security, education and others.

And among the technologies, they are more often exploring the possibilities of using 5G with virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), cloud technology and robotics. Least often - with tactile Internet and photon computing.

The review also showed that other formats for testing the technology have become noticeable. Innovative and industrial parks are emerging - a format that unites companies engaged in the development of fifth-generation communications in one space. So far, this is an insignificant share - only 3% (4 sites). Analysts also found 5 sites (4%) where the capabilities of artificial intelligence and robotics combined with 5G were studied separately from other technologies. 21% of sites turned out to be with the function of business incubation or acceleration for companies of different levels.

Almost a quarter (21%) of laboratory sites were launched with the support of state organizations. 44% - mobile operators, 17% - vendors, 18% - non-telecom companies.

Several research laboratories have already been opened in Russia with the participation of state organizations: for example, the Laboratory for Advanced Research of 5G and Internet of Things Networks at RUDN University and the Laboratory for Breakthrough Radio Communication Technologies, as well as laboratories of telecom operators.

On October 26, the Moscow Department of Information Technology (DIT of Moscow) opened a city 5G demo center where businesses and equipment manufacturers can test technological solutions based on fifth-generation networks.

In August, the ICT.Moscow platform and DIT of Moscow presented a joint review of 5G business practices in the world.

5 Gb/s 5G connection speed achieved for the first time in the world

For the first time in the world, 5G connection speeds of more than 5 Gbps have been achieved. This happened in October 2020. The record was set by Verizon, Ericsson and Qualcomm Technologies. Read more here.

Nokia announced certification programs for the preparation and certification of specialists in working with integrated 5G networks

Nokia on September 1, 2020 announced the opening of the first professional-level certification program designed to train and certify specialists in working with integrated 5G networks. The program covers all aspects of this work - from network access to application management. Read more here.

Nokia announces 5G SA commercial standalone solution

On August 10, 2020, the company Nokia announced the global commercial availability of class private wireless network solutions 5G SA industrial. This creates an opportunity to meet the various requirements of users industrial in the field of production and. mechanical engineering More. here

Nokia DSS software simplifies the process of switching the 4G/LTE frequency spectrum to use in networks 5G/NR

On July 14, 2020, Nokia announced the availability of a software update that will allow you to freely upgrade 4G/LTE radio systems and bring them to the 5G/NR level. According to the developer, this feature is of importance for Nokia customers, who will be able to transfer about 1 million radio modules to 5G technology. By the end of the year, the number of such modules will increase to 3.1 million, and in 2021 it will exceed 5 million. By upgrading existing radio systems with a software update, Nokia simplifies the process of transferring the 4G/LTE frequency spectrum to use in 5G/NR networks. This step will support existing customers by enabling them to seamlessly and cost-effectively migrate the installed hardware platform to 5G/NR technology. Read more here.

Samsung and KDDI held a demonstration of 5G network segmentation

On October 5, 2020, it became known that Samsung Electronics and KDDI announced the completion of the first demonstration of segmentation of the 5G (E2E) network with the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) in Tokyo, Japan. Read more here.

Breakthrough in 5G will allow the use of existing towers for home broadband access

On August 31, 2020, Qualcomm Technologies announced a breakthrough that makes it possible to use 5G networks to provide residents with high-speed fixed Internet access to cities, suburbs and villages.

As 5G networks spread, market participants increasingly face the disadvantage of cell towers, which is their inability to carry out high-speed data transmission in the millimeter wave range over long distances.

Qualcomm's breakthrough is that the company managed to double this distance to 3.8 km - it was at such a record distance that a call was made in Australia for the first time using a 5G network.

The call was made using a kit consisting of software, Ericsson Air5121 and Baseball 6630 commercial radio systems, and Qualcomm Snapdragon X55 5G Modem-RF System microcontroller and Qualcomm QTM527 antenna.

With the Qualcomm QTM527 millimeter antenna, which has complemented the Snapdragon X55 5G Modem-RF System, today we can offer carriers a solution with which they can provide their subscribers with fixed 5G communications at gigabit speeds, commented Qualcomm Senior Director of Product Management Gotham Shoran.

5G fixed wireless access services are among the most sought-after communications services among individual users, according to a recent survey commissioned by Parks Associates by Nokia, opening up new opportunities for mobile operators to boost profits.

In particular, 66% of respondents surveyed in the United States, Great Britain and South Korea said they were ready to switch to mobile broadband access this service costs no more than the existing broadband service and operates at the same or higher speed.^[19]

ZTE and True Corporation announce joint creation of commercial 5G network in Thailand

ZTE Corporation partnered with True Corporation Public Company Limited (True) to establish a commercial 5G network in Thailand. This became known on July 30, 2020. Read more here.

DIT of Moscow: More than half of the world's 5G cases are implemented with the direct participation of cities

The Moscow Department of Information Technology announced on July 8, 2020 that ICT.Moscow, together with the city's digital technology platform in the capital, conducted a joint study of 5G practices in the world. The study found that cities and states play an important role in the emergence of pilots.

In Moscow, fifth-generation networks are developing according to a similar scenario. In 2018-2019 Metropolitan telecom operators signed agreements with the Moscow Government on the development of 5G. As a result of joint efforts, five pilot zones were launched in Moscow, each of which presented various cases of the use of 5G technologies - from telemedicine to cloud gaming. As for global practices, they are increasingly being implemented in combination with other promising technologies and are being tested at large infrastructure facilities. In total, 61 cases from 20 countries were included in the review^[20] for^[21].

The collected examples were announced in the media in 2019-2020. The study included both projects presented in demo mode and cases, testing of which has already begun as part of pilot projects. All practices are divided into 9 functional areas: industry; medicine; transport, shipping, railway and road facilities; safety; communication; ecology and agriculture; training; construction; entertainment and tourism.

Among the main trends, ICT.Moscow analysts name the following:

Piloting takes place on the basis of infrastructure hubs and the principle of integration dominates - this approach is more common in industry, medicine, transport and in the implementation of smart city projects. Large-scale examples of such piloting can be 5G testing at a metallurgical plant in China or at medical centers in South Korea.

5G practices are implemented in combination with other promising technologies - 85% of cases (50 out of 61) use technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, peripheral computing, artificial intelligence, robotics and blockchain.

There were scenarios for the use of 5G in connection with COVID-19 - in a pandemic, 5G capabilities began to be used for remote diagnosis and care of patients with coronavirus, contactless temperature measurement through robotics.

Cities and states play an important role in the emergence of pilots - more than half (33 out of 61) of the cases included in the study are implemented with the participation or support of state organizations.

Improving the quality of life of citizens is the main priority of the Moscow Government. The development and implementation of IT solutions, the creation of qualitatively different products and services for residents is impossible without a significant modernization of the technological platform, including communication networks. Moscow, along with other smart megacities, supports mobile operators who invest in the development of 5G and piloting technologies based on fifth-generation networks. In the future, these investments will have a positive effect on the comfort of residents, - said Eduard Lysenko, Minister of the Moscow Government, head of the Moscow Department of Information Technologies.

Ericsson Hardware Solution Release in 5G Networks

In early July 2020, Ericsson introduced the Standalone 5G NR software, which will allow existing Ericsson equipment, manufactured since 2015, to operate in 5G networks. Read more here.

Panasonic to invest $75m in 5G equipment materials

On June 23, 2020, it became known that it Panasonic intends to increase the production of materials used in the production of equipment for wireless 5G networks. Anticipating a sharp increase in demand for such solutions in, the China the Japanese corporation intends to invest about 8 billion yen (75 million) US dollars in the expansion of its plant in Guangzhou. The first lines should begin work in the fall of 2021, while the productivity of the enterprise will increase by 50%. More. here

Ericsson: 5G connections grow faster than forecast

On June 16, 2020, it became known that Ericsson presented an updated forecast for connections to fifth-generation networks around the world: by the end of 2020, the number of 5G connections will reach 190 million, and by the end of 2025 - 2.8 billion. In Central and Eastern Europe, 5G networks will account for 27% of connections by 2025. The latest data was included in the published Ericsson Mobility Report for June 2020. According to the report, the number of 5G connections is growing faster than forecast - in November 2019, Ericsson experts expected only 2.6 billion connections by the end of 2025. The main driver of growth is China.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, operators continued to deploy 5G technologies. In total, in the first six months of this year, more than 20 operators launched 5G networks into commercial operation, and as of June 16, 2020, more than 75 operators from around the world provide 5G services. Total global mobile traffic is estimated at 33 Eb per month, and by 2025 it will grow fivefold. By that time, about 45% of total traffic will be generated in 5G networks.

The demand for 5G technologies should be judged not so much by the successful indicators of the number of connections, but by the capabilities that they will provide for people and business. 5G technologies are designed for innovation, and the crisis has demonstrated the real importance of communication networks and their possible role in economic recovery, "said Fredrik Jejdling, executive vice president and head of communications networks at Ericsson.

The spread of COVID-19 forced people from all over the world to change their lifestyle - many had to work and study while at home. As a result, traffic quickly shifted from business to residential areas, "explained Fredrik Jadling.

Cellular and fixed wireless access networks are becoming an increasingly critical part of the national infrastructure. A recent Ericsson Consumer Lab study found that 83% of users from 11 countries estimated that information and communication technologies helped people a lot during quarantine. In particular, the frequency of using applications for distance learning and sports has increased - access to the Internet has helped to adapt faster and easier to modern reality.

After working away from offices, 7 remote work in 10 white-collar workers concluded they would become the norm. Many users believe that even after the pandemic, habits will remain and thanks to them, business lines related to connecting to networks will actively develop. In particular, 55% of users surveyed in the preparation of the Ericsson Mobility Report predict that due to the growing demand for contactless delivery, goods will be delivered drones or. unmanned vehicles On the basis of technology and (added AR/ virtual reality)VR , interesting applications for travel, communication and study will be created. And 6 out of 10 respondents think that VR technologies will allow them to get the desired impressions even while in isolation.

According to 64% of users, it is very important that operators ensure reliable operation and high quality networks. At the same time, a third of the respondents plan to spend money on 5G services and improve the quality of their home broadband Internet access network in the near future - these measures will help prepare for the second wave of COVID-19.

At the end of 2019, 15% of global traffic was generated in fixed broadband networks (FBAP). In the coming years, the popularity of this technology will grow rapidly, and in 2025 there will be 160 million connections in FShPD networks, and their share in world traffic will reach 25%. Over the coming years, traffic in these networks will grow eightfold, and 2025 data will be transmitted to the EB using FShPD technologies 53 year.

4G Networks or 5G are used to provide FShPD services. FShPD technology is considered cost-effective and is used to provide Internet access services to private and corporate users, as well as for the operation of digital services within the framework of government programs and measures to support the population and business.

The Ericsson Mobility Report for June 2002 presents updated data on the dynamics of connections in networks based on different technologies, as well as forecasts regarding traffic, the development of the Internet of things, fixed wireless access networks, technology networks and promising scenarios for using 5G technologies. Part of the report is devoted to the state and assessment of the role of digital infrastructure during the COVID-19 pandemic and changed consumer behavior.

The report also included an article co-authored with the American operator Verizon, which tells about the strategy for the development of 5G services based on networks in the millimeter band in the city.

As of June 16, 2020, 40 5G networks have been deployed on Ericsson equipment in 22 countries of the world, the company has commercial agreements in the field of 5G with 93^[22] operators^[23].

USB gadget that protects against "harmful 5G networks" goes on sale

At the end of May 2020, it became known that the USB flash drive 5GBioShield USB Key was launched, which, according to the developers, is capable of protecting people from "harmful 5G networks." Read more here.

5G station launched on Everest

In mid-May 2020, it became known that Huawei and China Mobile Communications launched a 5G station on Everest, setting a world record for the height of such a base station from sea level. Read more here.

Fujitsu and Qualcomm conducted a multi-gigabit data session using 5G carrier aggregation

Fujitsu Limited and Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. crossed the next milestone by successfully completing a 5G NR data session, during which a multi-gigabit 5G connection was established with carrier aggregation in the ^[24] range: ^[25] The connection was established in non-autonomous mode (NSA) with non-contiguous spectrum aggregation in the 3.5 GHz (n78) and 4.9 GHz (n79) bands. The Fujitsu 5G New Radio (NR) base station and a prototype 5G device were used in the form factor of a smartphone based on the Qualcomm Snapdragon X55 5G Modem-RF System. This was announced on May 12, 2020 by Qualcomm Technologies.

The communication session was performed in the sub-6 range, the transfer rate exceeded 3 ^[26]) and aggregation of 5G carriers was demonstrated for the first time. This demonstration continued Qualcomm Technologies' history of technical advancements, including the first 5G data session using a modem chipset, the first 5G millimeter band (mmWave) wireless session, the first 5G spectrum-sharing wireless session, and a recent Voice-over-NR session.

The Snapdragon X55 5G Modem-RF System supports peak speeds of up to 5 Gbps, aggregating 200 MHz band in certain 5G sub-6 bands. Carrier aggregation enables operators to improve the performance and capacity of a 5G network by flexibly utilizing the frequency resources at their disposal. Aggregation of 5G carriers allows you to increase speed and reliability in difficult reception conditions, making higher download speeds and better video streaming available to users.

By coming through this pivot point with Fujitsu, we can unleash the full potential of 5G for seamless and ubiquitous connectivity. Qualcomm Technologies, as a global innovation company, is constantly improving solutions that increase the comfort of daily user interaction with the network. We are proud of the collaboration with Fujitsu, which showed the benefits of carrier aggregation for both consumers and 5G networks. said Durga Malladi, senior vice president of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and general manager of the 4G/5G division.

The successful 5G data session with carrier aggregation serves as a prime example of the long-term partnership between Fujitsu and Qualcomm Technologies aimed at developing 5G. We are confident that aggregation of 5G carriers will bring advantages to both operators and subscribers, and look forward to further cooperation with Qualcomm Technologies in terms of expanding the capabilities of 5G networks. said Masaki Taniguchi, senior vice president of Fujitsu, a mobile systems division.

More carriers are implementing support for 5G carrier aggregation, and they will now be able to improve network capacity and performance, taking advantage of non-interface spectral resources with Snapdragon 5G Modem-RF Systems and Fujitsu infrastructure networking solutions. Carrier aggregation is an important direction in the evolution of 5G networks to increase capacity, improve reliability in low signal conditions and ensure high peak speeds. All this improves the quality of service for users of existing applications and opens up new promising opportunities.

The introduction of commercial devices on the meringue Snapdragon X55 5G Modem-RF System with support for carrier aggregation is expected in 2020.

Chance to accelerate: Why mobile carriers need 5G

For the past two years, 5G networks have been successfully tested in Europe, the United States, China and South Korea. For several years now, the LTE advanced format has been operating in many countries, which is approaching the fifth generation in terms of data transfer speed. In Russia, the most common frequencies for which all 5G devices are sharpened (this is 3.4-3.8 GHz) are occupied for state needs, and they are not given to operators. It is difficult to make forecasts in such conditions.

For operators, the introduction of 5G is a significant investment with an unclear payback period, but they are ready for them. In fact, the market has long been in the middle between 4G and 5G thanks to the LTE advanced format. At maximum speeds, it reaches 5G speeds. Whether subscribers are willing to pay for 5G for the most part is a more difficult question. Read more here.

HPE, Intel and Red Hat Launch Open Source ODIM Development Project

At the end of March 2020, HPE, Intel and Red Hat launched an open source software development project to help operators reduce the cost of launching 5G networks by 40%. Read more here.

Microsoft enters the technology market for 5G networks

On March 26, 2020, Microsoft announced the acquisition of Affirmed Networks, which will allow the American software corporation to engage in technologies for fifth generation (5G) networks. The buyer intends to use the developments of Affirmed Networks to expand the capabilities of its Azure cloud infrastructure . Read more here.

Forecast of the impact of 5G on the air transport industry

On March 4, 2020, SITA shared six projections of how ultra-fast 5G networks will change the service process for airports, airlines and passengers. With a download speed of up to 400 MB per second, 5G will make a real breakthrough, according to SITA. Read more here.

ZTE, MTN Launch 5G SA Network in East Africa

On January 22, 2020, ZTE Corporation and MTN Uganda announced the joint launch of the first East African 5G SA network with a 60 MHz operating frequency band and an actual data transfer rate above 1.494 Gb/s, capable of supporting a wide range of application scenarios, including gigabit without fiber, Cloud XR, ultra-HD live broadcasts, autonomous driving, and more. Read more here.

Taiwan sells 5G frequencies

In mid-January 2020, Taiwan completed an auction for 5G frequencies after 261 rounds of trading. According to the announcement of the National Communications Commission (NCC), the total cost of applications amounted to 138.08 billion Taiwan dollars ($4.6 billion). Read more here.

2019

Huawei's investment exceeded that of Europe and the US combined

From 2009 to 2019, Huawei invested more than $4 billion in research and development of technologies for fifth generation (5G) networks. This is more than similar investments of the United States and Europe combined, according to the Chinese company. Huawei made this statement at the end of December 2019 in response to the appearance in the media of information that the Chinese government provided the manufacturer with financial support in the amount of $75 billion. Read more here.

New frequencies earmarked for 5G to speed up launch of networks around the world

At the end of November 2019, the World Radio Conference (WCR) allocated to 5G accelerate the launch of networks around the world.

According to reports, Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media Russia under the fifth generation communication networks, the WCR chose frequency bands in the bands 24.25-27.5 GHz, 37-43.5 GHz and 66-71 GHz. They are less loaded than the 3.4-3.8 GHz band most common for 5G. The latter in Russia is occupied by other services, including law enforcement.

to

The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications noted that in the "millimeter" range (above 24 GHz), the WCR determined for 5G "an unprecedentedly large" amount of radio frequency resource - more than 10 GHz. Harmonization of the 4.8-4.99 GHz range will allow you to create IMT-2020 networks in an accelerated manner, the agency points out.

In Russia, the frequency resource 4.8-4.99 GHz has a minimum load of government systems, which saves on spectrum conversion for the sake of 5G implementation. has a minimum load of government systems, which saves on spectrum conversion for the sake of 5G implementation, the ministry said.

By the end of November 2019, the largest Russian cellular operators are testing 5G networks in the 25.25-27.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz bands. However, these bands can only be used as additional to the main 3.4-3.8 GHz band, telecommunications companies warned earlier.

The lack of frequencies Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media was proposed to be solved by disconnecting fixed wireless systems Internet WiMAX and withdrawing satellite communication ground stations from large cities. At the same time, the same connection is used by special services.

The 2019 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) World Radio Conference (VKR-19) was held in Sharm el-Sheikh from October 28 to November 22. The main task of the VKR-19 was to amend the Radio Regulations - an international treaty regulating the use of the radio frequency spectrum and satellite orbits, to introduce a number of new technologies and radio communication systems.^[27]

13 million users of 5G networks by the end of the year

By the end of 2019, the world will have 13 million subscribers using services in 5G networks. These were presented by Ericsson.

According to experts, by 2025 5G networks will be available for 65% of the world's population and provide 45% of global mobile traffic. Also at this time, there will be 2.6 billion subscribers using 5G services in the world.

 In 2019, 5G services were launched  in Asia, Europe, the Middle East  and North America. In total, the intention to launch commercial 5G networks was announced by about half of the operators in the world. In October 2019  , 10 million connections were registered in 5G networks.

 Demand for 5G services is growing at a rapid pace.  Vyuzhnaya Korea, where  all three operators have been providing commercial 5G services since April 2019, has already recorded 3 million connections to 5G networks.  China is experiencing a real boom in connections to 5G networks, where commercial 5G services have been available to subscribers since October 2019 , Ericsson said in a report.

Experts say that 5G networks will develop faster than LTE networks at the time of their launch in 2009 .

Nuclear and Radiation Safety Agency says 5G is not dangerous to health

In mid-November 2019, the Australian Nuclear and Radiation Safety Authority (ARPANSA) denied all suggestions that 5G poses a threat to human and fauna health. "Higher frequencies do not mean higher levels of exposure," ARPANSA officials said bluntly. Read more here.

5G networks began to be used in telemedicine

In mid-November 2019, University Hospital Birmingham began using 5G networks for remote primary diagnosis of a patient. The medical facility demonstrated new opportunities at a public presentation, during which a mannequin lying in an ambulance was used, while the doctor was at the station. Read more here.

Qualcomm and Ericsson set up 5G New Radio data connection

On September 20, 2019, it became known that Qualcomm Technologies and Ericsson announced the achievement of another milestone in the development of the 5G standard. The partners established a data connection using 5G New Radio (NR) technology, in accordance with the global specifications of 3GPP 5G NR Release 15 in offline mode (SA). Read more here.

By the end of the year, there will be more than 10 million 5G connections in the world

On June 14, 2019, information appeared that by the end of 2024, 1.9 billion 5G subscribers will be recorded in the world. This figure is 400 million connections, or 27%, higher than the forecast given in the annual Mobility Report issued by Ericsson in November 2018.

As indicated in the updated Ericsson report, 45% of the global population will live in the area of ​ ​ 5G networks by the end of 2024. At the same time, this indicator can grow to 65% due to the use of spectrum sharing technology, which allows you to deploy 5G networks on frequency bands. LTE

Global data traffic in cellular networks, according to the report, continues to grow - in the first quarter of 2019, it increased by 82% compared to the same period last year.

Mobile data traffic will reach 131 EB per month by the end of 2024 and 35% of this traffic will be processed in 5G networks. As of June 2019, there are 1 billion IoT connections in the world, and by the end of 2024 their number will grow to 4.1 billion, of which 45% will be in the mass Internet of Things segment. Massive IoT solutions will be used in housing and communal services, smart accounting systems, medical wearable devices and sensors of transport tracking systems, the authors of the report say.

According to the report, in several countries, operators have already launched 5G networks into commercial operation - this happened immediately after the advent of smartphones with 5G support.

Chipset and device manufacturers, which have committed to 5G support, are also playing an important role in the accelerated deployment of 5G technologies.

Smartphones designed for all major frequency bands will go on sale during this year. By the end of 2019, there will be more than 10 million 5G connections in the world - this will be possible due to the increase in the number of 5G device models on sale and the launch of an increasing number of 5G networks, the report said.

The fastest 5G technologies will develop in North America - in 2024, 5G networks will account for 63% of the total number of connections. In second place will be Northeast Asia (47%), in third - Europe (40%), predict in Ericsson.^[28]

World's first processor with built-in 5G modem unveiled

On May 29, 2019, MediaTek introduced, according to the company, the first processor with a built-in 5G modem - MediaTek 5G SoC. We are not talking about a separate 5G chip, but a full-fledged single-chip system, in which, in addition to a chip for connecting devices to mobile networks, computing cores and a graphics accelerator are installed. Read more here.

Japan to create 10 billion 14-digit numbers for 5G devices

On May 15, 2019, the Japanese Ministry of Communications announced plans to create about 10 billion 14-digit telephone numbers. This step is being taken as part of the deployment of fifth-generation (5G) networks, due to which, according to the department's forecasts, 11-digit numbers will end in 2022. Read more here.

Japan handed out 5G frequencies for free to operators

On April 10, 2019, Japan transferred 5G frequencies free of charge to four operators - NTT DoCoMo, KDDI, Softbank and Rakuten. These telecommunications companies, which applied in 2018, received radio frequencies and licenses to provide services on fifth-generation networks.

Operators plan to start providing 5G services in the spring and summer of 2020. The total investment planned by operators at the end of 2024 will be $14.4 billion: NTT Docomo, the largest network operator in Japan, will invest about $7.16 billion in 5G in the next 5 years, KDDI promises to invest $4.18 billion, SoftBank - $1.85 billion, and Rakuten - $1.74. It is assumed that competition between operators, as well as government pressure and a special state order, will lead to lower prices for mobile services in Japan.

Mobile operators have pledged to deploy a 5G network in all 43 prefectures in Japan within two years. The Ministry of Communications divided the country into 4,500 service blocks and required operators to place base stations in at least half of the territory over the next five years.

NTT Docomo and KDDI plan to cover more than 90% of the country with the new network, and Softbank and Rakuten only 64% and 56% of the territory, respectively. In addition, in exchange for the services provided, all four operators pledged to expand fiber-optic networks, to improve security measures to minimize downtime during natural disasters, and to take appropriate cybersecurity measures.

So far, Japan has lagged behind the rest of the world with the rollout of 5G networks. By comparison, 5G networks were launched in South Korea on April 5, 2019, and Verizon began providing 5G mobile services in parts of Chicago and Minneanpolis on April 3. 5G networks operate in 19 cities around the world by April 11, 2019.^[29]

Start of production of Samsung's first 5G chips

On April 4, 2019, Samsung Electronics announced the start of mass production of its first chips designed to connect smartphones and other devices to fifth generation (5G) networks. Samsung Exynos Modem 5100 chipset got on the conveyors. Read more here.

Launch of first nationwide commercial 5G network - Korea

On April 3, 2019, South Korea announced the launch of the world's first commercial fifth generation (5G) network, operating at a nationwide level. For its functioning, telecommunications operator SK Telecom has deployed 34 thousand base stations that cover the most densely populated areas in 85 cities of the country. Read more here.

World's first 5G SIM card unveiled

At the end of February 2019, Gemalto announced, according to the company, the world's first SIM card with support for fifth generation (5G) networks.  Read more here.

Launch of the world's first 5G cinema

In mid-February 2019, the Odeon Cinema Centre in Oslo, in collaboration with Norwegian telecoms operator Telia, announced the launch of the world's first 5G cinema. Movies in it are displayed on the screen through mobile networks. Read more here.

First call in 5G network with NSA architecture

The company, an ZTE Corporation international provider telecommunication of solutions as well as enterprise and consumer technology for, mobile internet on January 18, 2019, announced that the Guangdong division China Unicom ZTE and made the world's first call to the network 5G using the ZTE prototype 5G smartphone as part of a 5G field test in Shenzhen city. During the tests, verification of various services was completed, including group voice calling in, messenger WeChat watching videos online and browsing the web. More. here

2018

Samsung sees Huawei's failures as a chance to increase its share of the 5G equipment market

In December 2018 Samsung Electronics , she expressed hope for the company's exit from the outsiders of the telecommunications equipment market due to failures. Huawei The problems experienced by the Chinese manufacturer are in the hands of the South Korean company on the eve of the mass launch of fifth-generation networks (). 5G More. here

Shipments of 10,000 5G base stations by Huawei worldwide

Huawei has supplied a total of more than 10,000 5G base stations to its partners around the world. This was announced on November 20 at the Huawei Mobile Broadband Forum conference in London by Huawei Chairman Ken Hu. Read more here.

Nokia 5G Future X

In February 2018, when announcing the ReefShark chipsets, Nokia unveiled its Future X architecture for 5G, which serves as the basis for new processors, 5G technologies and services. This architecture is a full-scale network that provides a threefold increase in cell capacity and a 30% reduction in operating costs *, which is achieved through automation and artificial intelligence.

The first 5G networks should be launched in the fourth quarter of 2018

On November 13, 2018, the analytical company International Data Corporation (IDC) presented a forecast for the global infrastructure market for the deployment of fifth generation networks. Spending on such decisions is expected at $528 million in 2018 and $26 billion in 2022, and the average annual growth rate will be 118%.

The first 5G networks should be launched in the fourth quarter of 2018, and 2019 should be the year of mass introduction of such technology in the mobile industry. 5G-enabled phones will soon be available on the market.

In terms of infrastructure, the mobile industry continues to test the solutions that 5G networks use: virtualization, machine learning and artificial intelligence to create value from existing network services. While these and other improvements will play a crucial role, 5G NR represents a key milestone in the transition to the next generation of mobile devices, as it provides faster speed and increased bandwidth at a lower cost. It is 5G NR that will become the largest segment of the 5G infrastructure market in the coming years, experts are sure.

Fifth generation networks will provide ultra-fast mobile Internet access, low-latency communications, and mass connectivity of IoT devices. The bandwidth of such services can theoretically reach 20 Gbps. 5G technologies for November 2018 are actively tested, including in Russia.

Although 5G has been talked about a lot lately, this generation of communication will not have a real impact on the market soon. According to forecasts of the Swedish telecommunications equipment manufacturer Ericsson, by 2023 only 20% of subscribers in the world will use 5G, in the United States this figure will be significantly higher - 50%. At the same time, traffic in the United States will grow by an average of 40% annually, which will lead to an eightfold increase in it. To cope with this digital tsunami, operators will have to spend money, and therefore if CAPEX (capital expenditures) decreases their growth, then not much.

The 5G services market, which will reach $894 million in 2019, will grow rapidly and reach $300 billion by 2025, according to a forecast by analyst firm Juniper Research. These indicators correspond to an average annual growth of 163% during the first six years of implementation of the presented technology.

The main engine of growth in the 5G services market will be home broadband connections. The average 5G home broadband connection is expected to generate more than 430GB of data per month by 2025. The ^[30].

The first 5G NR wireless connection in a commercial network using a 5G device

Qualcomm, Swisscom, Wistron NeWeb Corp. and Ericsson on November 9, 2018 announced the implementation of the first 5G NR wireless connection in a commercial network in the range below 6 GHz using a 5G device. According to company representatives, this demonstration indicates the inevitable commercialization of 5G in 2019.

5G connection in the 3.5 GHz band was carried out in Lucerne as part of the Dialog Arena event, designed to demonstrate the capabilities of the technology. During the connection, 5G subscriber equipment (CPE) was used, MWH-5 equipment from WNC used to connect to the 5G NR network built by Swisscom based on radio frequency equipment, software, network and transport solutions from Ericsson.

The test device, which used the Snapdragon X50 5G modem and Qualcomm's RF subsystem, connected to the described 5G NR network and displayed the 5G logo. This device is expected to be the first commercial 5G device and will be available in the first half of 2019.

5G market will begin to grow actively in 2020

According to MarketsandMarkets analysts for September 2018, the 5G market will begin to grow actively in 2020. Its annual growth rate in the period until 2025 will be 18%. In the meantime, mobile operators are testing communication networks.

The global 5G services market will grow from $53.9 billion in 2020 to $123.3 billion in 2025. The average annual growth rate will be 18%.

The main incentives for market growth will be an increase in demand for reliable high-speed communication services, an increasing number of connected devices and an increase in the volume of transmitted data. Among the restraining factors, analysts call the rather high cost of deploying networks.

The mobile broadband Internet access segment will grow the fastest during the specified period. Mobile operators will gradually expand coverage and provide high-speed access to a variety of services, which will solve the "last mile" problem. For this reason, 5G networks will be in demand by both end users and organizations.

According to analysts, autonomous vehicles will become widespread during this period, which will also ensure the growth of the 5G services market.

The North American market will grow fastest during this period, which will allow this region to invest most actively in research and development.

Among the key players in the 5G service market in the study are named AT&T (), USA Airtel (), India (), BT Group (), Great Britain (China Mobile China) China , China Telecom (), DU (UAE) Deutsche Telekom , Germany Korea Telecom (), Telstra (), (South Korea UK Australia) Vodafone and (USA) The 5G market Verizon will begin^[31]

Ericsson announces first 5G call via smartphone

In early September 2018, Ericsson announced, according to the company, the first call in 5G networks through a smartphone. Read more here.

See also

• LTE (Long-Term Evolution, 4G)

Notes