GDP
Main article: GDP of Kazakhstan
Financial system
Main article: Financial system of Kazakhstan
Mining
Uranium ore mining
2023
2022: World No. 1 in uranium mining with 21,200 tons
Gas production
With an annual production level of 54.5 billion cubic meters in 2021, the production of marketable gas in Kazakhstan amounted to 29.4 billion m3. Internal gas consumption - 18.6 billion m3. Regulation of gas prices leads to a reduction in investment in field development. As in Uzbekistan, in the future this may lead to a shortage of gas and dependence on imports of energy resources.
For 2022, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are striving to comply with sanctions imposed by the United States and its allies against Russia after the start of a special operation in Ukraine, in exchange for investments in the oil and gas sector by multinational corporations.
Oil Production and Export
Main article: Oil production and export in Kazakhstan
Chromium, zinc, beryllium, rhenium, tantalum
As of 2023, Kazakhstan has the largest reserves of chromium, which is used in power and industry. The country's reserves are estimated at 230 million metric tons, while global reserves are 570 million metric tons.
Enterprises of Kazakhstan are the largest suppliers of beryllium in the United States (the volume of supplies is 43% of imports) and rhenium (27% of imports). Kazakh suppliers also provide 13% of chromium supplies, 12% of tantalum. All these elements are used in the military, aerospace and oil and gas industries.
Kazakhstan ranks fifth in the world in zinc reserves, and is also among the 20 countries with proven copper reserves. On its territory there are also reserves of cadmium and bauxite.
Oil products
2025: Gasoline cost $0.483 per litre
Main article: Petroleum products in the world
Gasoline prices in countries worldwide (liter, US dollar): According to Global Petrol Prices, Octane-95, February 10, 2025
Iran: $0.029
Libya: $0.031
Venezuela: $0.035
Egypt: $0.337
Algeria: $0.339
Kuwait: $0.340
Kazakhstan: $0.483
Saudi Arabia: $0.621
Russia: $0.629
UAE: $0,716
Indonesia: $0.783
Nigeria: $0.788
UNITED STATES: $0.917
Pakistan: $0.922
Brazil: $0.944
El Salvador: $1,035
Bangladesh: $1,037
Australia: $1,070
China: $1,142
Argentina: $1.148
India: $1.164
South Africa: $1.191
Japan: $1,211
Mexico: $1,243
Canada: $1,273
Turkey: $1,287
South Korea: $1,317
Chile: $1,355
Ukraine: $1,406
Czech Republic: $1,507
Poland: $1.554
Romania: $1.568
Sweden: $1,574
Spain: $1,619
Britain: $1,729
Finland: $1,765
Germany: $1,817
France: $1,827
Ireland: $1,875
Italy: $1,894
Switzerland: $1,938
Norway: $1,958
Monaco: $1,989
Netherlands: $2,037
Denmark: $2,110
Hong Kong: $3.393
The average price of gasoline in the world is $1.25 per liter.
2018: Low gasoline price
Power
Main article: Power of Kazakhstan
Richest people
Main article: The richest people in the world
2021: The richest 1 % of citizens account for 29% of the country's wealth
Unemployment
2020: Unemployment rate - 7.8%
Incomes of the population
2023: Minimum wage - $131
Information Technology and Telecom
- Communication (Kazakhstan market)
- Development of 5G networks in Kazakhstan
- Internet regulation in Kazakhstan
- Internet of Things, IoT, M2M (Kazakhstan market)
- Smartphones (Kazakhstan market)
- IT market of Kazakhstan
- ICT market of Kazakhstan
- Digital Kazakhstan
- Smart cities in Kazakhstan
- Companies and IT projects in Kazakhstan
Social networks and instant messengers
2024: Three quarters of Kazakhstan's population use social networks
Three-quarters of the population of Kazakhstan use social networks. Such data in August 2024 shared the digital hub Wunder Digital. At the same time, analysts note the annual increase in a unique audience. The trend is due to several factors, among which the main thing is the massive promotion of business in social networks. As a result, many users start several accounts to effectively manage entrepreneurial endeavors and personal activity.
Based on current trends, analysts at Wunder Digital predict an increase in brand investment in social media advertising. Companies recognize that social media has become the main channel for interacting with the target audience, and are ready to invest significant resources in the development of creative and effective advertising campaigns.
TikTok became the most popular platform in Kazakhstan with 14.1 million users and a significant 35.4% increase in audience in 2023 compared to 2022. This platform has the greatest potential for audience growth and brand advertising views thanks to non-standard placement formats that allow you not only to show targeted videos, but also to use "activators" for the brand: hashtag, challenge, TopView, etc.
Instagram (recognized as extremist, banned and blocked in the Russian Federation) ranks second in popularity. In 2023, the audience increased by 15.8% compared to 2022. The bulk of users are people aged 18 to 34. The penetration of the social network among Internet users of 18 + years is 66.5%, which also indicates the widespread use of the platform.
Facebook (recognized as extremist, banned and blocked in the Russian Federation) is showing stable growth, albeit at a slower pace. In 2023, the audience increased by 18.2% compared to the previous one. The core of the audience is made up of users aged 35 to 44 years. The social network is not oversaturated with advertising, which allows brands to be more visible to the target audience, noted in Wunder Digital.
LinkedIn - 1.40 million users. Over the past year, audience growth was 16.7%, which indicates an increasing interest in the platform for networking and career growth. LinkedIn is becoming increasingly popular with professionals looking to build business connections, find new career opportunities and explore relevant news and articles in their industry. The main audience is made up of users aged 25 to 44, which makes the platform attractive to advertisers aimed at an active and solvent audience.
At the same time, some social networks note a loss of interest from users:
- In 2023, the audience of VKontakte decreased by 31.18%, and the audience of Odnoklassniki - by 67.39%. The main age group of VKontakte users remains people from 25 to 34 years old, while Odnoklassniki is more popular among users over 55 years old.
- Snapchat - 1.07 million There is a decline in audience by 23.9% compared to the previous year. Snapchat remains popular with young people and teens who value the platform for its unique features, such as disappearing messages and creative filters. However, the decline in popularity may be due to competition from other social media that offer similar opportunities.
- Twitter (X) - 0.32 million The audience decline was 16.8% compared to the previous year. At the same time, Twitter continues to be a platform for sharing news, discussing current events and participating in global dialogues.
Internet in Kazakhstan
Main article: Internet in Kazakhstan
Data centers in Kazakhstan
Main article: Data center (Kazakhstan market) Commercial data centers
R&D
2020: R&D costs - $718 million
MEDIA
- KazAID (Kazakhstan Agency for International Development) is a USAID structure that trains journalists and develops a network of media acting in the interests of the United States
Media created by 2023 to discredit Russia and promote US interests, including through LGBT propaganda:
- Radio Azattyk (Kazakh branch of Radio Liberty)
- "Voice of America"
- AIRAN (Internet Media)
Advertisement
Main article: Advertising (Kazakhstan market)
Business in Kazakhstan
2023:4 thousand companies with Russian co-owners opened in Kazakhstan in a year. Their total number exceeded 28 thousand.
The number of companies with Russian participation in Kazakhstan continues to grow. This became known in September 2024. In 2023, about 4 thousand new enterprises with Russian co-owners opened in the republic, as a result of which their total number exceeded 28 thousand.
Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade of Russia Alexey Gruzdev noted that the main sectors of cooperation between the countries are the chemical industry, pharmaceuticals and mechanical engineering. Joint ventures are focused not only on the domestic market of Kazakhstan, but also on exports to third countries.
According to a study by the analytical company Halyk Finance, the most significant increase in the number of Russian companies is observed in the field of information technology. Since 2021, the number of IT companies with Russian participation has increased 7 times, reaching 2835 organizations by the end of 2023. The share of Russian business in this segment has become dominant and amounted to 75%.
Significant growth was also noted in the field of consulting and education. The number of Russian consulting firms in Kazakhstan increased 3.4 times, and educational organizations - 3.6 times compared to 2021.
Almost half of companies with Russian participation (9.8 thousand) work in the field of trade, their share in the total number of trading companies in Kazakhstan reached 47%. More than 1,000 Russian companies are registered in the industrial sector, which is 32% of the market share.
The influx of Russian business into commodity sectors such as agriculture and extractive industry characterized as moderate.
At the end of 2023, the total volume of trade between Russia and Kazakhstan exceeded ₽2,6 trillion. At the same time, more than 80% of settlements are carried out in national currencies.
Alexey Gruzdev stressed that the conditions created within the EAEU for the barrier-free movement of goods, capital and specialists contribute to the development of economic cooperation between the countries.[1]
Tourism
Transport infrastructure
Logistics routes
Ports
Transport
2023: Growth in air travel to a record 415 thousand flights
In 2023, more than 415 thousand flights were serviced in the airspace of Kazakhstan, of which about 107 thousand Kazakhstani and 308 thousand foreign airlines. This figure is a record for all the years of the country's independence. This was reported by the Civil Aviation Committee of the Ministry of transport the Republic. Kazakhstan
RSE "Kazaeronavigatsiya" under the Ministry of Transport is engaged in the organization of air traffic throughout the Republic of Kazakhstan (2.7 million square kilometers). The total length of controlled air routes is 111 thousand kilometers. The main goal of the enterprise is to ensure the safety of flights in the airspace of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Retail
2024: Retail trade volume growth by 9.8% to KZT22.4 trillion
At the end of 2024, the volume of retail trade in Kazakhstan amounted to 22.4 trillion tenge (approximately $45.24 billion at the exchange rate as of March 5, 2025), which is 9.8% more compared to 2023. Such data are given in the materials of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which TAdviser got acquainted with in early March 2025.
Retail in the survey refers to the resale (sale without recycling) of new and used goods to the public for personal consumption, home use or disposal. The volume of sales of goods and services reflects the amount of cash proceeds received for goods sold, products and services rendered for cash and non-cash payments.
Retail sales of goods by trading enterprises in Kazakhstan in 2024 increased by 3.9%, by individual entrepreneurs - by 22%. The turnover from the retail sale of goods by private enterprises was recorded at 20.38 trillion tenge, or $41.07 billion (90.8% of the total retail trade), foreign ownership - 2.07 trillion tenge, or $4.17 billion (9.2%).
The share of food products in the total volume of retail trade in Kazakhstan in 2024 amounted to 32.6%, non-food products - 67.4%. The volume of sales of food products compared to 2023 increased by 9.1%, non-food products - by 10.2%. The largest contribution to the total volume of retail trade of the republic was made by:
- City of Almaty - 33.6%;
- City Astana - 13.2%;
- Karaganda region - 7.5%;
- East Kazakhstan region - 5.7%;
- City Shymkent - 4.7%;
- Aktobe region - 3.4%;
- Pavlodar region - 3.2%;
- Kostanay region - 3.1%;
- Almaty region - 3%;
- City of Abay - 2.8%.[2]
Foreign trade
The main articles are:
Agriculture
2023: Kazakhstan starts growing bananas in industrial volumes
The Turkish company GenGroup Qazaqstan began growing bananas in the Turkestan region of Kazakhstan. It is the country's first industrial-scale banana production. This was announced by the Ministry of Agriculture of the republic on August 14, 2023. Read more here.
2021: Share of farmland - 80%
2019: Low use of pesticides in agriculture
Potato production per capita
1. Belarus - 631.3 kg per 1 person
2. Ukraine - 487.4 kg
3. Netherlands - 384.8 kg
4. Denmark - 343.3 kg
5. Belgium - 299.2 kg
6. Latvia - 251.3 kg
7. Kyrgyzstan - 230 kg
8. Poland - 229.8 kg
9. Russia - 216.8 kg
10. Kazakhstan - 208.5 kg
Equestrian industry
Pharmaceutical Market
At the end of 2020, there was an increase in the market of ready-made medicines both in tenge and in packages.
The market leaders in sales of over-the-counter drugs were Stada, Sanofi-Aventis, Santo, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline.
The market leaders in sales of prescription drugs were Santo, World Medicine, Nobel, Bayer, Abbott.
The lowest and highest price segments saw the highest growth in sales volumes, while the growth in sales of drugs in the middle price category was moderate.
The market growth in tenge was facilitated by the weakening of the tenge exchange rate (more than 80% of drugs on the market are imported), as well as the growth of the state order segment.
Risks are associated with pressure on profitability of sales and a fairly high level of financial debt of distributors.
Alcohol market
Minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages
Consumption
2023: Beef is the most consumed type of meat
2022
8th in the world in terms of marijuana cheapness: $4.22 per gram
Residents of Kazakhstan turned out to be world leaders in the share of food costs
Kazakhstan turned out to be the leader among European countries in terms of the share of food costs in the family budget of the population, while the least spent on food in Luxembourg. These are the results of the RIA Novosti study, published in December 2022. Read more here.
2019: Beef is the most consumed type of meat
See also
- Economy of Azerbaijan
- Economy of Belarus
- Economy of Bulgaria
- UK economy
- Economy of Greece
- Economy of the European Union
- Economy of India
- Economy of Spain
- China's economy
- Economy of the Netherlands
- Russian economy
- US economy
- Economy of Ukraine
- Economy of France
Notes
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