Smart cities Smart cities

What is a smart city?

British Standards Institution (British Standard Institution, BSI) describes a smart city as "effectively integrating physical, digital and human systems into an artificially created environment in order to ensure a sustainable, prosperous and comprehensive future for citizens."

ICTs allow city authorities to interact directly with communities and urban infrastructure, and monitor what is happening in the city, how the city is developing, and what ways to improve the quality of life. By using sensors integrated in real time, the accumulated data from urban residents and devices are processed and analyzed. The information gathered is key to solving^[1] inefficiencies].

ICTs are used to improve the quality, productivity and interactivity of urban services, reduce costs and resource consumption, and improve communication between urban residents and the state.

The application of smart city technology is being developed with the aim of improving the management of urban flows and a quick response to complex tasks. Therefore, the "smart city" is more prepared to solve problems than with a simple "operational" relationship with its citizens. However, the term itself remains unclear in its specifics, and therefore suggests many interpretations and discussions^[2].

Smart City Properties

Components and functional areas of Smart City projects

• Video surveillance and video analytics
• Video recording (photo and video recording) cameras
• Situational Centers, EDDS
• System 112
• ITS - intelligent transport systems
• Safety on public transport
• Professional Radio and Broadband (LTE, 5G )
• IoT - Internet of Things
• Self-driving cars
• Biometrics
• Unstructured Data Handling
• Decision Support Technologies
• Augmented and Virtual Reality
• Distributed databases
• Geo-information technologies and navigation
• Machine learning
• Cloudy/foggy/boundary calculations

As Boris Glazkov, vice president for strategic initiatives at Rostelecom, explained in the spring of 2018, the end-to-end technologies affecting the development of Smart Cities include those technologies that simultaneously cover several trends or industries, in this particular case from the point of view of city management. Therefore, the emergence and development of cross-functional and cross-sectoral solutions depends on them. It is from the contact and mutual enrichment of different areas of knowledge that new effective technologies and applied solutions appear that determine the prospects for the development of Smart Cities. The competent use of end-to-end technologies will ultimately stimulate an increase in the quality of life, the comfort of the urban environment, and the management of various sectors of the urban economy while reducing resource consumption.

"Behind each end-to-end technology with a complex name are specific solutions to improve the quality of life. For example, geo-information technologies and ultra-accurate navigation along with 5G are the basis for the emergence of unmanned public transport. Digital technology for decision support and unstructured data processing, machine learning is needed to create smart road infrastructure management systems that include traffic forecasting, smart traffic lights and even bus driver fatigue control. That is why end-to-end technologies should be in the focus of attention when developing and implementing the concepts of "Smart Cities," - said Boris Glazkov.

The definition of a smart city is interpreted ambiguously by experts. Yet their formulations converge on one thing: a smart city is data-driven, and data management allows municipal services to improve the quality of life of the population. The data covers such areas of life of citizens as security, transport, medical services, utilities, landscaping, etc. Data sources are video cameras, various sensors, sensors, information systems^[3].

The UN estimates that 67% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050. Already, some of the world's megacities are overcrowded. Municipalities do not always cope with garbage collection, the supply of utilities and electricity from district to district is heterogeneous, etc. To provide the population with high-quality city services, administrations are increasingly introducing various information systems.

This term, along with the term "smart city," is proposed to be used by PwC analysts. However, there is a problem here: there is no single standard or standard by which it would be possible to unambiguously determine how well or poorly the city is controlled by data. Experts explain this by the fact that the technological landscape of megacities is constantly changing, the heterogeneous information that becomes the basis for the implementation of the DDC concept is becoming more and more.

Big Data for the State

Most Russian departments have already accumulated quite large amounts of data and can now use their potential to improve the quality of decisions made. In recent years, a number of infrastructure projects have been implemented to improve security in Russia, which are primarily related to the installation of CCTV cameras. However, data coming from cameras is only one data channel. A qualitative increase in the level of security requires a transition to pro-active activity, which allows you to predict a crime and plan in advance the allocation of resources to prevent it. This is possible when analyzing historical data on precedents to build risk profiles - conditions under which a particular event is reproduced or a crime is committed. Building such profiles is possible by modeling the dependence between the set of characteristics describing the object and the phenomenon under investigation^[4].

See Big Data.

ISO 37120:2014 and 37151:2015

With state support for infrastructure modernization, companies are able to invest in commercially profitable projects. Projects within the framework of the smart city concept can be an example of the effective implementation of public-private partnerships. In 2014-2015, ISO standards were developed, which noted that there are three levels of projects: the infrastructure level, the level of facilities and the level of urban services.

The standards define a list of targets, the measurement and control of which allows cities to assess their development. ISO 37120:2014 "Sustainable Community Development. Indicators of urban services and quality of life "regulates 46 mandatory and 56 auxiliary indicators in 17 areas.

  

ISO 37151:2015 "Intelligent Public Utilities Infrastructures. Principles and Requirements for a System of Operating Indicators "contains a methodology for assessing the performance of the municipal infrastructure of smart cities in 14 categories of basic community needs (from the point of view of residents, managers and the environment).

The collection and analysis of data from cities is carried out by the international organization of the World Council on City Data (WCCD), which performs the functions of certification of cities according to ISO standards.

The use of standards helps to quantify the state of various areas in cities and identify problem areas. Using data-driven decision-making, cities improve key metrics and strengthen positions in the international WCCD registry.

ISO standards metrics reflect work in different directions: improving the quality of services, the efficiency of infrastructure and individual facilities. This involves the optimization of energy supply systems, water supply, public transport, lighting, etc., which requires the integrated use of analytics.

Russia

Main article: Smart city: development in Russia

• Russia in IT ratings

Kazakhstan

Main article: Smart cities in Kazakhstan

China. Beijing

By December 2019, about 250 million cars appeared in China, but the number of parking spaces far from meeting the real needs of urban residents. On average, there are fewer than 0.8 parking spaces for every car in China, with shortages particularly acute in Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities. Therefore, China solves parking problems using artificial intelligence and other technologies. Read more here.

Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek

2022: Sitronics Group will help develop the concept of the "smart city" Osh in Kyrgyzstan

Sitronics Group on June 24, 2022 announced the signing of a memorandum of cooperation with the city hall of Osh of the Kyrgyz Republic. The parties discussed the implementation of the Smart City project in Osh. Read more here.

2020: CCTV cameras will be installed throughout Kyrgyzstan

The Law "On External" video surveillance has been in effect in the territories Bishkek of Osh since 2015. MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS Kyrgyzstan proposed another version of the revision, which will oblige to install throughout the cameras country. This became known on November 27, 2020.

According to the updates, legal entities and individuals will have to equip the adjacent territories of buildings that are owned or leased by them with video equipment. The exception will be buildings and other objects owned by the state. Lists of objects will prepare local authorities.

The project was submitted for public discussion on the website of the Government of Kyrgyzstan. The Ministry of Internal Affairs is confident that if the law is valid throughout the country, this will be an additional measure to ensure public safety^[5].

2018: Kyrgyz government and Huawei agree to implement Smart City project

In early 2018, the Government of Kyrgyzstan and the Chinese corporation Huawei signed an agreement on the implementation of the Smart City project. Interfax writes about this. The corresponding systems will be installed in the cities of Bishkek and Osh, as well as on three highways in the country.

Among other things, the agreement provides for the installation of anti-terror surveillance systems and complexes for automatic photo and video recording of traffic violations. The implementation of the project will take about a year and a half. In particular, systems for fixing traffic violations will be installed at 70 intersections.

Huawei investments will amount to $60 million. It is planned to reimburse the corporation for costs in about five years, including by paying fines. "Preliminary analysis showed that we will beat off before this deadline, but we have reinsured ourselves," said Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan Sapar Isakov (quoted by Kabar news agency).

Uzbekistan. Tashkent

• Uzbekistan IT market
• Cellular communications (Uzbekistan market)

2022: Joint development of Visiology and Geointellect helped implement the Smart City concept in Tashkent

On February 1, 2022, the Center for Spatial Research and Visiology announced the launch of the integrated geoanalytical platform "GRAPHIT" in the Department of Digital Development of Tashkent. Read more here.

2021

Completion of the first stage of implementation

On July 8, 2021, it became known that the first stage of the introduction of the Safe City agro-industrial complex was completed in Kyrgyzstan. The project reduced traffic violations and road accidents. For July 2021, the implementation of the second phase was launched. Read more here.

"Schwabe" will take part in the project to create a "smart city" in the administrative center of Tashkent region

On April 5, 2021, Schwabe Holding of Rostec State Corporation announced its participation in the project to create a "smart city" in the administrative center of Tashkent Region - the city of Nurafshan. Read more here.

2017

By 2023, all settlements of Uzbekistan will be safe

One of the Safe City projects is working in Tashkent: smart video surveillance cameras are working at 120 intersections, recording violations. Information from the cameras is transmitted to the crime monitoring center, which was launched in July 2017. Until 2019, this project will fully cover Tashkent, and then the regions^[6].

The Center for Information Security and Assistance in Ensuring Public Order will be engaged in the further development of the software complex. The post of Deputy Minister for ICT Development, responsible for the implementation of Safe City projects, will also be created.

The first stage of the project will be implemented in 2017-2019. During this time, it is planned to create video analytics systems, install video surveillance and automate the reception of reports of incidents in Tashkent. In 2019-2021, Safe City will be introduced in all regional centers, and in 2021-2023 it will cover the whole country.

The complex will be integrated with information systems of government agencies, video surveillance systems, analytics sensors, data processing centers. A single dispatch service will be created for the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, ambulance, fire safety, which will receive calls by 112 and SOS button signals, and decide who to call to the scene. The installation of SOS buttons will continue until September 1, 2019 in Tashkent, and until 2021 - in all regions. All incidents recorded by sensors and video cameras will be reflected in the situation center. Then, on an interactive map in online mode, it will be possible to analyze the state of security in the capital.

By the end of this year, an analytical video surveillance system in public transport will be introduced in Tashkent, and in 2018-2019 parking lots with online payment and a car number recognition system will be created.

IBM partner of the Government of Uzbekistan for the implementation of "smart cities"

IBM Eastern Europe/Asia will provide assistance in deploying the smart cities program in Uzbekistan. This was reported in the summer of 2017 on the official website of the Ministry for the Development of Information Technologies and Communications of Uzbekistan.

During negotiations on establishing cooperation, the parties identified as the main areas of interaction such as the development of smart cities technology, the training of highly qualified IT specialists, software development, cloud technologies and support and financing of startups. It is expected that soon a corresponding agreement will be signed between IBM Eastern Europe/Asia and the Ministry for the Development of Information Technologies and Communications of the Republic.

In July 2017, the Ministry of Information Technology and Communications Development of Uzbekistan signed a memorandum of understanding and cooperation with SAP CIS (SAP CIS). The document allows the vendor to train specialists and participate in projects to improve the conditions for the development of information technologies in the republic. The company itself can count on benefits that are determined by the presidential decree "On measures to radically improve the conditions for the development of the information technology industry in the republic."^[7] of the^[8]

Uzbekistan's capital to be turned into a "safe city"

In July 2017, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev made a proposal to turn the capital of the country into a "safe city." In the near future, the government will prepare a decree on the creation of a new unit in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the republic, which will work with video surveillance systems installed in public places.^[9]

In an

address to the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the president stressed: "You will create one system that will fulfill the concept of" Tashkent is a safe city. " One deputy minister and his team will deal exclusively with the case. Tashkent From September 1, 2017 to 2019, an experiment will be conducted. Beijing In created such a great system, they are close to our mentality. "

According to the head of state, the testing of the control center will take place within two years, and then the system is planned to be introduced in all cities of the country. Tashkent University of Information Technologies and Inha University in the capital of Uzbekistan will train specialists with appropriate qualifications to work in this structure.

Azerbaijan. To tank

The Smart City project has been deployed in Baku by Huawei and the Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies of Azerbaijan. This was stated at a press conference on March 18, 2017 by Huawei Vice President for Central Asia and the Caucasus region Marco Hu. He noted: "Azerbaijan has developed the Concept of Development" Azerbaijan - 2020: a look into the future "and a strategic roadmap for the development of telecommunications and information technologies. As a company, we are also trying to contribute to the transformation of the republic into a regional leader^[10] will^[11]

Thus, the Public Wi-Fi project already launched in the capital of Azerbaijan served as the beginning for the introduction of the Smart City. The role pursued by Huawei is to help the Ministry of Communications of the republic in the formation of the project. "In the next stages, such components as Smart Transport, Smart Port, Smart Trading, etc. will be implemented, for each of which there are specific solutions that will be implemented in stages," said Marco Hu.

Georgia. Batumi

In the fall of 2016, it became known that in Georgian Batumi it is planned to introduce a "smart city" system, which will monitor the climatic state in the city and make recommendations in cases of worsening weather conditions^[12].

Batumi will become one of the first "smart cities" in the world, in which, using the climate monitoring system, it will be possible to plan the architectural development of the city, predict the risk of natural disasters, improve the tourist infrastructure of the city, inform drivers about changes in the road situation due to weather conditions, as well as develop the agro-industrial sector.

Seven synoptic automatic control centers have already been installed in Batumi and its environs. It is they who will accumulate the entire range of weather data and form various forecasts, as well as through a specially developed warning system for services and district administrations to inform about the approaching meteorological danger.

The city authorities are implementing this project in conjunction with the non-profit organization Your Forest.

Singapore. Smart Nation

In October 2017, Igor Shuvalov, Deputy Prime Minister noted that Singapore's experience is important for Russia primarily in creating a safe and comfortable urban environment, improving the quality of city services and the life of citizens. Russian cities are actively adopting the standards for education and healthcare adopted in a unique city-state.

"It so happened that since 1998 I have been regularly visiting Singapore and I cannot but note that today the interaction between Russia and Singapore has reached a new level. We achieve mutual enrichment. At the same time, there are spheres, in particular, tax, in which Russia comes to the leading positions, setting high standards, "said the First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation

.

In 2014, the Singapore government began implementing the Smart Nation project, which brings together officials, entrepreneurs and scientists. The project should stimulate innovation in the government sector, improve the quality of public services and establish communication with citizens. One of the authors of the Smart Nation project, the CEO of GovTech, Singapore's government technology agency, Jacqueline Poe, spoke during a panel discussion how the Smart Nation program allows smart ideas to serve the nation.

According to Ms Poe, Smart Nation suggests that everything - the economy, government and society - should become digital. All documents and payments are transferred to the electronic form. Services in the field of health, education and other areas are provided on a single platform. "Today we are entering the fourth industrial revolution, the driving force of which is artificial intelligence," said Jacqueline Poe.

Britain. London

• In London, the fire service uses socio-demographic data to assess and prevent fire risks. Residents' indicators such as age, education, income, type of employment, type of housing and others make it possible to build a predictive model that improves the quality of fire risk estimates for areas of the city.
• The Smart London initiative was proclaimed by the city administration in 2013. Thanks to it, many sectors of urban economy are developing, and especially the transport industry. The transport administration of the capital, Great Britain receiving heterogeneous data, draws up optimal routes for urban transport and timely notifies the population about changes in traffic routes, road works and emergencies. Analysts PwC note that several dozen mobile services for passengers are available to Londoners.
• Per 1 sq. km. London has over 300 outdoor CCTV cameras. The statistical analytical system (SAS) helps in predicting a fire hazard situation. The static analysis that underpins SAS helps detect the most fire-proof buildings and dysfunctional families. Demographic, geological, historical and other data (60 criteria considered) are used in the modeling of each district. This significantly reduced the cases of fires in residential buildings.
• The Transport for London (TfL) Department of Transport (TfL), based on this data, plans city routes and informs citizens about repairs and other emergency situations. Open data on the transport situation allowed many independent developers to come to this market. In London, there are a dozen applications and online services for passengers. They help to navigate the difficult scheme of street transport, it is convenient to plan trips and simply not be late for your train.
• In London, a fire prediction system similar to New York has also been introduced. Here it is called the "Statistical Analytical System" - SAS. It allows you to identify the most fire-hazardous houses using statistical analysis. Modeling of each district of the city is carried out taking into account about 60 criteria, including demographic, geological and historical data. This made it possible to significantly reduce the number of fires. So Londoners may not be afraid of a repeat of the 1666 incident.

UNITED STATES. New York

• A single data analysis system used by the New York City Government Administration Special Department (MODA), PwC analysts cite other data-driven metropolitan areas as an example. A set of sensors installed around the city detects and detects vibrations from weapon shots. The police immediately receive information about the area of ​ ​ the shooting and go to the scene.
• The fire prediction system in the North American metropolis uses Big Data analysis. For forecasting, both fresh and historical data are used, for example, how often and at what time of year fires occur in each square in question. The system made it possible to increase the efficiency of inspections of facilities for compliance with fire safety standards by 70%.
• 10.5 thousand tons of household and 13 thousand tons of industrial waste are collected daily in this North American metropolis. To cope with this volume, BigBelly is involved - a system that controls the effective disposal of waste. She determines on which streets the garbage accumulates the most and whether the utilities have time to clean it up. This saves human and material resources.
• Medical technologies are also well developed in the Big Apple. New York City authorities, together with IBM, have implemented the Watson Health project. It allows you to collect and process data on the health status of citizens from various wearable devices - fitness bracelets, smartwatches, sensors. Analysis of these data allows doctors to more accurately diagnose diseases and, accordingly, better treat them.

Canada. Toronto

2020: Google's' smart city'project in Toronto cancelled

Sidewalk Labs, a subsidiary of the American IT giant Alphabet specializing in innovative urban development, has abandoned the construction of the Quayside smart district in Toronto. This is stated in the May 2020 report of its CEO Daniel Doctoroff.

The reason for the cancellation of the project was "unprecedented uncertainty engulfing the global economy and the Toronto real estate market." So, according to the Toronto Regional Real Estate Board, in April, home sales in Canada's largest city fell 67% compared to the same month in 2019.

Despite the decision, Sidewalk Labs will continue research to improve the urban environment, Doctoroff assured. "I am confident that the ideas we have been working on for the past two and a half years will make a significant contribution to solving the key problems of modern cities, especially those related to housing affordability and sustainable development," said the top manager of the company.

• The Quayside project was announced in 2017 and originally envisioned the development of 77 hectares on the shores of Lake Ontario.
• In November 2019, Toronto authorities reduced its area to 5 hectares. It was reported that the reason for the adjustment was the discontent of local residents concerned about the company's plans to collect and use personal data.

2019: Toronto authorities' decision to cut Alphabet's smart city footprint by 15 times

As it became known on November 7, 2019, municipal officials responsible for the development of coastal areas Toronto decided to significantly reduce the area of ​ ​ the "smart city" Sidewalk Labs. Initially, the "daughter" American IT giant Alphabet planned to master about 77 hectares on the shores of Lake Ontario, but received permission only for 5 hectares, writes. The New York Times More. here

2017: Alphabet wins competition for 'innovative beautification' of Lake Ontario site

Holding Alphabet Inc, which owns the search engine, Google won a competition in 2017 for an "innovative landscaping" of an area on the shores of Lake Ontario in Toronto, Canada. Writes about this with TASS Information Agency of Russia reference to. The Financial Times project will cost the company $1 billion. Another 1.25 billion will be allocated by the Toronto authorities.

The pilot project of "innovative arrangement" will be implemented on a plot of 5 hectares with the prospect of expansion to 323 hectares (3.2 sq. Km). Here, in particular, there will be unmanned public transport, adaptive traffic lights, courier robots and energy-efficient, but affordable modular houses.

"This is

a test site for new technologies that will help us build cleaner, smart, greener cities," Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau commented on the creation of a "smart neighborhood" in Toronto. 'It's not just a random project for us. This is the result of almost a decade of thinking about how technology can change human lives, "said Eric Schmidt, chairman of the board of directors of Alphabet

.

The exact timing of the project is still unknown. They will be identified at the initial stage of technology planning and testing. The costs for these purposes will amount to $50 million.

See moreAlphabet: Building a high-tech district

Australia. Sydney

• In the Australian capital, the SCATS system is used to determine the degree of traffic congestion. It calculates the load density of roads using sensors and sensors mounted in the canvas. Information goes to special data centers, which, analyzing these systems, independently control traffic lights. As a result, the length of traffic jams decreased by 40%, travel time - by 20%, the volume of fuel burned - by 12%, and the volume of exhaust gases - by 7%. In Australia, most intersections are connected to the SCATS system - about 11 thousand. According to NSW authorities, the use of an adaptive regulatory system has reduced the lateness of cars by 20%, traffic jams by 40%, and the amount of fuel burned in Sydney fell by 12%. Accordingly, the volume of exhaust gases decreased by 7%.
• Online services allow Australians to learn about the state of the air through the integration of data from atmospheric monitoring systems with mobile services. This project is pilot and launched in only one area of ​ ​ Sydney. Fourteen sensors are responsible for providing information, which transmit data around the clock. The system can determine the chemical composition and content of harmful particles in the air.
• Monitoring the state of the urban atmosphere is another Sydney horse. Australia's National ICT Centre (NICTA) and the NSW Department of Environmental Protection (NSW EPA) have launched a pilot project to measure air pollution in the Hunter Valley area. 14 sensors were installed here, which collect data on the state of the air around the clock. They can determine ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter, and measure air transparency. Based on this data, a special algorithm calculates the air quality index (AQI). From this index, it is possible to predict the level of atmospheric pollution in different parts of the state. This information is open, so Sydney residents can learn about the state of the air in the city in the same way as the weather forecast - from computers or smartphones.

Spain

Madrid

Madrid is among the five most densely populated municipalities in Europe. For reference, the city produces about 1 million tons of household waste per year, and its residents consume about 15 million cubic meters of water in 12 months. In addition, the city is engaged in the management of multiple property assets, for example, its own fleet of 1.7 million transport units, more than 250 thousand lighting fixtures, and also monitors the condition of 287 thousand trees.

In July 2014, it became known that Madrid will use IBM Smarter Cities technologies to improve the services provided to citizens by the city administration, as well as the work of communication tools and interaction with residents. IBM's INSA division claims that this project is the largest in the field of creating a service ecosystem in Spain, its main goal is "to improve urban life for the entire three million population of Madrid."

The project cost is 14.7 million euros, the basis of the solutions being implemented will be technologies for analyzing and managing big data. With their help, the city administration will manage the work with each service provider and pay for it accordingly, depending on the level of services. We are talking about administration contractors who monitor the state of the streets, lighting, irrigation, green spaces, clean the territory and remove, as well as process garbage.

See also: Why does Madrid need analytics and big data ?

The city is implementing more than 80 "smart" initiatives from an application portal to schemes for encouraging short-term use of free urban lands. In Barcelona, ​ ​ information from all city sensors, and there are more than 600 of them, is collected by a special integrated Sentilo platform.

These data are open, and on their basis the city authorities are planning the development of the city limits, the laying of highways and engineering communications.

The garbage collection system in this metropolis is also distinguished by intelligence. Ultrasonic sensors mounted in garbage containers will notify utilities that it is time to start removing waste. The system independently calculates the schedule of movement of communal special vehicles in order to save fuel, human resources and timely export waste.

Recently, thanks to the improvement of video surveillance systems, the safety of residents of the city has improved. According to official data, the city has a decline in criminal activity, while the share of thefts, which accounted for more than half of all crimes in 2014, fell by 30.2% over the year.

Barcelona

• The Catalan capital is actively implementing data-driven solutions. This is the only city where a common platform is created and operates to collect readings from all sensors. The Sentilo integrated system (translated from Esperanto - "sensor") combines devices for observing water supply, light, power, road conditions, noise levels, etc. - a total of about 550 sensors that collect information about the situation in the city. All data is open. So they not only help the authorities plan urban development, laying new roads and engineering communications, but are also a good basis for the development of independent commercial companies.
• Barcelona has introduced an advanced smart waste collection system. The containers are equipped with ultrasonic sensors that signal when the container is full. Garbage cleaners come according to the schedule compiled using this system, which allows you to significantly save fuel and working time.
• Barcelona ranks second after New York in terms of the development of the urban Wi-Fi network. The city has 590 access points, including 220 in city parks. By the end of this year, urban transport will be equipped with access points. As a result, the city will already have more than 1,500 access points, which is brought by Barcelona to the unconditional leaders of the rating.
• In general, PwC experts note the high level of readiness of Barcelona to implement smart city systems. For this, there is a system for collecting data, and powerful centers for their processing, but the main thing is well-developed centers of competence: universities and research institutes.

Brazil. Rio de Janeiro

The experience of implementing Smarter Cities solutions in Rio de Janeiro is indicative. The decision on the need to organize Rio Operations Center in the city arose after another mudflow from the hill on which part of the urban areas were located. Due to heavy rains, the mudslides went quite often, but one of them turned out to be especially destructive, many people died, houses were destroyed. By agreement with IBM, the city administration decided to organize a center to which information would flock about the weather, soil condition, traffic situation, etc. - in total, more than 30 departments were supplied to the center and, accordingly, it became possible to provide feedback by linking all these departments.

Now, when receiving information about the approaching heavy rain, city services know exactly to which site the maximum number of rescuers should be sent, where it is necessary to quickly organize the evacuation of people, which routes are better to use, etc.

In November 2011, the system was still improved: the system of warning city authorities and emergency services about changing weather conditions was automated (before that, alerts were sent out manually). In addition, information from the Rio Operations Center is published daily on social networks and sent to users' mobile devices. In addition, constantly updated weather reports, road conditions and other useful information are published on Facebook and Twitter.

See also: IBM Smarter Cities

Qatar. Fur-coat

On March 2, 2017, Orange Business Services announced a multi-million dollar contract that it signed with MEEZA to create smart services and applications for the Msheireb district in Doha. In the Msheireb area, a smart city project is being implemented. It is assumed that as a result of the reconstruction of the district, more than 500 thousand sensors connected and controlled by a set of applications will work there. See more about the project - Meeza has begun a project to create a "smart city."

Saudi Arabia

2021: The Line (Saudi Arabia City of the Future)

Main article: The Line (Saudi Arabia City of the Future)

In mid-January 2021, Saudi Arabia began implementing an ambitious plan and began building a "linear city" with a zero carbon emissions of 170 km. The construction of a futuristic metropolis without cars and roads should cost the country $500 billion.

2017: Neom (NEOM) - Super City

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Salman al Saud announced in October 2017 the construction of a new super city, described as "the most ambitious project in history." The state plans to spend $500 billion on its construction and is actively looking for investors, promising to create a new type of high-tech settlement with its own laws from scratch on empty land. It will be called Neom. The Russian Direct Investment Fund has promised to participate in the project^[13]

Main article: Neom (NEOM)

The Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) will become one of the co-investors in the construction of the "metropolis of the future" Neom in Saudi Arabia. This was stated by the general director of the fund Kirill Dmitriyev, writes TASS Information Agency of Russia. "RDIF, together with partners, are ready to invest several billion dollars in this project," Dmitriyev explained.

The fund sees specific investment objects in solar power, healthcare, the construction of port infrastructure and in the field of artificial intelligence. Separately, Dmitriyev highlighted high-speed transport, in particular, the Hyperloop project. Recall that the Russian billionaire Ziyavudin Magomedov became the co-chairman of the board of directors of the leading innovative company for the construction of such routes Hyperloop One. The fund also intends to involve leading domestic companies working in the field of high technologies in the implementation of the project, Dmitriyev added. Which companies are in question is not yet clear.

The new city of Neom is proposed to be built on a plot of land with an area of ​ ​ 25 thousand square kilometers (area, say, New York - 1200 square kilometers) on the shores of the Red Sea near the borders of Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Egypt. The description of the project says that the city will be located on the territory of all three countries, although so far neither Cairo nor Amman has commented on these plans.

The city will receive electricity from solar panels and other renewable energy sources. Scientists in the new city will develop new ways to store natural resources and energy - both based on existing technologies and with the help of those that the world has not yet heard about.

Neom will have fully sustainable transport and the city itself will be the link between Africa and Asia. The city will provide itself with food through new technologies as well as farms using seawater. Neom's science labs will focus on developing biotechnologies and innovative manufacturing methods. The city is supposed to attract talent from all fields, including the arts.

The presentation notes that the plot of land proposed for the construction of the city is successful in terms of climate, since the average temperature here is 10 degrees lower than in the rest of the Persian Gulf countries. The cool wind from the Red Sea makes the climate pleasant, it is an "idealistic and peaceful desert."

It is assumed that Neom will be a kind of state in the state, or even an independent entity with its own laws and tax rules and "electronic government"; the main goal of the project is the creation of an "idealistic society."

How this will all be realized is not the slightest idea. Neom right now is a list of promises framed in beautiful slides, without explaining how to fulfill these promises. The situation with investors is not very clear either; so far, the Russian Direct Investment Fund has announced its participation in the project - but on what conditions, it has not been reported.

UAE. Abu Dhabi

On December 11, 2018, Software AG announced the completion of the large-scale Smart City project, which was carried out in conjunction with a partner - Technology Strategies Middle East (TSME). The site of the project was the city of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, and the Cumulocity IoT platform was chosen as the base IoT platform. Read more here.

Netherlands

In April 2014, the Netherlands, as an experiment, created a section of a road about 500 meters long, which, according to the developers, became the prototype of a new generation motorway. A feature of the highway is LED lamps, which are infected with miniature solar panels installed right on the road and special "windmills." This method of organizing lighting eliminates the need for road services to pull electrical cables to the supports. At the same time, the lamps light up only at the moment the cars approach, and the rest of the time they burn with minimal power.^[14]

In addition to LED lamps, special markings are used on the road, which are made using fluorescent paint. This allows her to "charge" from daylight and glow throughout the night. On the sidelines, the developers drew special snowflakes that begin to glow at low temperatures, which allows you to inform drivers about ice.

Israel. Tel Aviv

In Tel Aviv, they decided in 2016 to build a road that will be able to charge electric vehicles right in the direction of traffic. As you know, the biggest drawback of such cars is the constant need to recharge. According to the idea of ​ ​ Israeli scientists, energy will be generated using a special roadway. For this, when laying roads, it is planned to use a special machine that will dig small trenches about 8 cm deep for induction coils. Then the trench will be filled with asphalt, the field of which the coils installed in it will begin to interact with passing cars, transmitting electricity to them. It is assumed that the radiation from the coils will not exceed 25 cm - this will be enough to "get" to the car, and, at the same time, little to harm the driver's health.

Electroroad has already conducted comprehensive testing of the solution in its laboratories. At the first stage, it is planned to create an "energy" lane for public transport. Further, other sections of roads will be modified. According to Electroad experts, the developed technology has a number of advantages to become the basis for building a road transport infrastructure of the near future. So, the weight of the battery of an electric bus can be up to 5 tons, and the cost is several hundred thousand dollars. At the same time, the travel range of such a bus will still be limited by the battery capacity. Electroroad's solution makes electric buses easier and improves maximum travel range.

Japan

Suita

Main article: Suyta (smart city)

Super Smart Society 5.0

According to 2017 data Japan , a large-scale long-term strategy for reforming the Super Smart Society, or Society 5.0 ("Society 5.0"), developed by the government of the country in response to current challenges to its development, for example, population aging, is being implemented.

"Society 5.0" involves the active use of advanced technological achievements, including the industrial Internet of Things, robotization and artificial intelligence, in everyday human life, production, healthcare and other areas.

As of October 2017, one of the most important tools for building a comfortable and safe society as part of the implementation of the Society 5.0 strategy in Japan is the development and implementation of innovative technologies in the field of autonomous driving.

General News and Research

2023

Named 9 main trends in the construction of smart cities

In October 2023, a study was published in Russia, which reflected the main trends in the development of "smart cities," within which artificial intelligence is already used or can be used.

Building Complex AI Solutions for City Management

The accumulation of a large amount of data within the framework of single storage centers provided the opportunity to introduce AI to analyze the activities of the city on a previously inaccessible scale. With the introduction of more and more systems and applications that received and received data, the tasks of AI became more complicated. According to experts, urban digital systems are becoming a single city management system, where AI analyzes data from many sources, from meters in smart buildings to a single digital urban infrastructure.

Digitalization of urban governance

The trend of the development of "smart cities" leads to the creation of a single digital city management center based on AI. Specialists distinguish three main areas of development:

• the introduction of AI as part of the digital transformation of urban management;
• interaction with the public and ensuring the participation of citizens;
• development of urban planning policy.

Application of AI solutions in services that ensure the safety of residents

AI will allow you to establish patterns, relationships and trends in the behavior of residents when committing offenses and to identify suspicious activity. A promising direction is the prediction of future crimes through big data analytics.

Creation of unified waste management systems

One way to optimize the waste management system is to implement "smart waste management practices." The use of AI technologies in waste management can change the face of polluted cities, reduce costs and improve the quality of life of residents.

Water Management with Unified Digital Systems

As cities grow, demand for water increases and often exceeds available supplies, leading to a shortage of water. To solve this problem, cities are taking various measures to preserve and improve water management methods, one of which is the use of AI.

Integration of AI into urban planning processes

One way to optimize resources and solve urban planning problems is to implement AI in the form of a digital twin. One of the most significant benefits of using AI in urban planning is that it provides data-driven information for decision-making. It can help identify the need for a specific infrastructure, visualize multiple implementation scenarios in parallel, modeling the use of different materials or construction methods.

Development of "smart digital energy systems"

One of the goals of creating "smart cities" is reliable, efficient and environmentally friendly energy consumption. As part of this trend, AI can analyze data on infrastructure power consumption. AI allows you to increase the energy efficiency of the infrastructure by automatically adjusting parameters.

Integrating Smart Systems into Transport Infrastructure

The creation of a "smart transport infrastructure" will make the movement of city residents more convenient and affordable. Any type of transport will be able to move autonomously using computer vision and machine learning algorithms. Road control systems (traffic lights, checkpoints, etc.) will be controlled by a single city system in real time, taking into account traffic data, which will optimize transport, increase safety and speed of movement around the city.

The use of AI to automate the processing of citizens' appeals

Engaging residents to implement and evaluate smart city initiatives ensures that their expectations of desired change are met. As part of the trend, AI provides platforms for interacting with citizens. AI also helps to work with citizen feedback, increasing the efficiency of city services.

Effective domestic practices based on artificial intelligence technologies in a "smart city"]

Abu Dhabi, Bali and Rio de Janeiro implement smart intersection management system using data from Android devices

On October 10, 2023, Google Research introduced the Green Light system, which allows you to dynamically control traffic lights depending on the current traffic situation. The platform is said to provide an opportunity to reduce the number of car stops by 30% and reduce emissions at intersections by 10%. Read more here.

Asphalt developed, on which ice does not form in winter

In mid-February 2023, a group of Chinese researchers from Hebei University of Science and Technology announced the creation of an asphalt surface on which ice does not form in the winter. Such material will significantly increase road safety. Read more here.

2021

Spending on smart cities projects in the world reached $35 billion

On January 24, 2022, Juniper Research analysts published a study according to which spending on smart cities around the world in 2021 amounted to $35 billion. These investments have much to do with the exploitation of various innovations in areas such as transport, infrastructure, power, lighting, city management and urban communications.

Many cities have rolled out technology and data to help local governments reduce environmental impacts and energy consumption, study co-author Mike Bainbridge noted. - The best cities in our recent ranking are finding innovative ways to use technology to provide obvious benefits for their citizens as well.

Juniper Research ranked the best smart cities, including:

• Shanghai;
• Seoul;
• Barcelona;
• Beijing;
• New York.

The Shanghai Citizen Cloud project is particularly highly regarded as a single hub for more than 1,200 different services for the city's residents, making effective digitized management of utilities state and services commonplace in many cities. Asia

In addition to these rankings, the study found that smart cities initiatives would generate nearly $70 billion in annual spending by 2026; compared to $35 billion in 2021. Much of this will focus on smart grid initiatives that will save more than 1,000 TWh of electricity in 2026, equivalent to more than 5 years of energy consumption London at the end of 2021.

Many areas of smart cities development are still in the early stages, especially outside the leading cities, so initial developments still account for most of the market. Juniper Research notes that this means the savings generated by smart city technology will remain strong. We expect that only energy savings will reach $96 billion in 2026, which will make their implementation in most cases very cost-effective.^[15]

Rome authorities attract Sony for smart city megaproject

At the end of May 2021, it became known about the implementation in Rome of a large project of a smart city. To do this, Envision and Sony were involved, which, thanks to their developments, will have to reduce air pollution. Three projects scheduled for early June 2021 should make it easier to find parking spaces, reduce accidents at pedestrian crossings and reduce crowds on Rome's buses. Read more here.

2020

Smart city infrastructure on blockchain launched in Munich

At the end of November 2020, a smart city infrastructure based on was launched in Munich. blockchain Its implementation is expected to reduce car use by 10% and emissions CO2 by 34,000 tonnes per year. More. here

Moscow climbed 16 places in the ranking of smart cities

Moscow climbed 16 places in the ranking of smart cities, which is the Swiss International Institute for Management Development (IMD Business School). In a study published on September 17, 2020, the Russian capital took 56th place.

The first place in the list for the second year in a row went to Singapore. The second position in the rating of smart cities was taken by Helsinki, the third - Zurich. Auckland and Oslo followed, and New York closed the top ten. In addition to the Russian capital, St. Petersburg, which took 73rd position, was included in the rating, without changing its position compared to 2019.

The rating includes 109 cities. The leader in China was Zhuhai (Guangdong province), to whom experts gave 62nd place.

The authors of the study conducted a survey of residents of megacities for existing technologies and their availability. This year also took into account how the urban infrastructure of smart cities helps in the situation associated with the spread of the coronavirus COVID-19.

Cities were evaluated in five areas: health and safety, mobility, activity, capabilities and management.

Residents of developing countries most often cited air pollution and traffic congestion as major issues, and highlighted safety and corruption concerns, the report said.

Cities in developed countries had other problems, such as unemployment, education and social mobility. In addition, difficulties with housing affordability have been noted around the world.

The 2020 study paid special attention to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, as many countries have resorted to various technologies to combat the disease.

Those with the best technology are better at dealing with the pandemic. Smart cities are not the solution to the problem, but technology helps, the report says.[16]

Russia will become co-editor of the international standard for emergency response in the metropolis

On April 2, 2020, Roselectronics announced that Russian experts from the Cyber ​ ​ Physical Systems Technical Committee, created on the basis of RVC, will co-edit an international standard that will determine the best practices for using city emergency response centers. The standard is being developed within the framework of the Smart City Technology Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC, IEC). Read more here.

2019

Spending on smart cities reaches $104.3 billion - IDC

In 2019, global spending on smart cities projects reached approximately $104.3 billion, according to the analytical company IDC.

Experts did not specify the dynamics and only reported growth. In 2020, the global costs of initiatives for the development of an intellectual urban environment will be measured at $124 billion, that is, they will increase by 18.9%.

According to the results of 2019, approximately 29% of investments in such projects accounted for the 100 most active cities in this regard, which in the near future will remain the main growth drivers of the market in question. However, smart cities are developing not only in metropolitan areas, but also in small regions, which indicates a strong fragmentation of the market.

In 2019, use cases related to green power and infrastructure accounted for approximately a third of smart cities costs. First of all, smart power systems projects stand out here. Public safety and smart transport accounted for 18% and 14% of total costs, respectively.

As for the most common use cases, smart power systems (combined electricity and gas) still attract the lion's share of investment, although their relative importance will decline over time as the market develops, and other scenarios will become major.

Following in terms of spending on smart city technologies are projects of fixed, video surveillances advanced public, transport smart traffic management and a connected back office. These five areas in 2019 accounted for about half of investments in smart cities.

As for projects with the potential for the highest growth rates, these include V2X communications (when cars interact with each other, as well as with road infrastructure), digital twins and wearable electronics for police officers. How quickly sales of such solutions will grow is not indicated in the study.

Among cities, investment in intellectual urban infrastructure is leading, Singapore it will remain in first place for at least several more years. In the second position is where the Tokyo XXXII Summer Olympic Games will be held in July-August 2020. The third and fourth places will be taken by New York and. London According to IDC forecasts, each of the listed megacities will spend more than $1 billion on smart cities development programs.

Analysis from a regional point of view shows that the top three will include, USA Western Europe and. China Their share in the amount will account for more than 70% of the world's costs for the corresponding projects. At the same time, the fastest investment in smart cities will grow in Latin America and, Japan predict IDC.^[17]

Regional and municipal authorities are work hard to keep pace with technological progress and use new opportunities in the context of risk management and population expectations, as well as to fund large-scale initiatives, says Rutbea Yesner, vice president of IDC Government Insights and Smart Cities and Communities. - Many seek to incorporate smart city technology options into budgets or fund projects with traditional means. This contributes to the growth of investment in the market.

It also follows from the IDC report that among more than 200 cities under study, about 80 of them spend more than $100 million a year on smart urban infrastructure projects. At the same time, 70% of world spending is concentrated in cities with budgets of up to $1 million for Smart City initiatives.

Experts have named the main cyber threats for the "smart city"

In 2024, financial, information and communication technologies (ICT) defense industry and will account for 56% of the projected total costs of cyber security critical infrastructure. USA health care The remaining 44% will fall on the enterprises of the electric power industry, the transport sector and water treatment systems.

According^[18] specialists from ABI Research, due to lack of funding, the above-described industries will be extremely vulnerable to cyber attacks. In particular, "smart cities" may be under threat^[19]

According to experts, by 2024 the number of geographically distributed networks of "smart cities" will be about 1.3 billion. Almost half of them will be LPWA-LTE and LPWA.

A number of LPWA protocols, such as NB-IoT, try to solve at least some security problems. However, the main goal of these lightweight cellular protocols is to reduce the cost of bandwidth, increase coverage and reduce delays, and they simply cannot cope with the increased number of cyber threats in the field of "smart city."

"'Smart cities' are increasingly subject to various threats. This includes complex cyber attacks critical infrastructure ones by stopping work, APCS the misuse of energy-efficient long-range LPWAN networks, hacking communications between devices, blocking systems using ransomware, ON changing sensor data (for example, emergency systems) in order to cause mass panic, stealing data from citizens, patients and consumers, personally identifiable information, etc., "said ABI Research analyst Dimitrios Pavlakis.

Among the key factors contributing to the growth of cyber threats in smart city ecosystems, Pavlakis cited a lack of cryptographic security, improper management of encryption keys, the use of machine learning with a malicious purpose, lack of knowledge about social engineering methods and lack of protection against DDoS attacks.

The concept of a "smart" city from the Danish minister: people will have neither property nor privacy

Speaking at a session of the World Economic Forum, Danish Minister of Ecology Ida Auken said that by 2030, privacy will completely disappear from human life. In her opinion, there will be no property, personal, transport familiar work and environmental pollution. This forecast became known in April 2019.

Ida Auken believes that residents of cities will not pay rent for an apartment in 2030, because during the absence of a property owner, other people will use the space.

For example, when I leave, business meetings are held in my living room, "she said.

In addition to housing, people will be able to use transport for free - drones or flying cars, and a personal car will become a meaningless thing. There will be no traffic jams on the roads. The volume of "traditional work" thanks to robots and artificial intelligence will decrease, and people will be able to eat better, get enough sleep and communicate more with each other, the minister is sure.

In her opinion, trees and green zones will be everywhere in cities, since everyone will understand the importance of their presence. It makes no sense to fill the free territory with concrete.

It will be possible to work at any time convenient for yourself. And it will be aimed at the creation, development of man.

We have lost a lot of strength and time to understand the value of this way of life, "says Ida Auken.

According to the Danish minister, the lifestyle will allow humanity to get rid of such serious problems as climate change, the migration crisis, environmental degradation, unemployment and overpopulation of cities.

People will stop going to stores, since computer algorithms will help select the necessary products that can be ordered on the Internet, she continues.

Previously, everyone was looking only for entertainment, and people did not want to clog their heads with more complicated questions. However , at the last moment we still understood how to use technology for our own benefit, and not just to kill time, "Auken emphasized.[20]

2018

Frost & Sullivan: Smart cities to cost $2tn by 2025

The total market value of smart cities by 2025 will exceed $2 trillion. Such data are contained in a study by Frost & Sullivan on trends in artificial intelligence (AI). According to analysts, it is AI that will become one of the cornerstone technologies used in building smart cities, along with personalized healthcare, robotics, distributed energy and advanced driver assistance systems.

"The creation of smart cities is one of the key areas of the digital economy around the world. Russia is no exception: at the end of 2017, the largest state corporations and educational institutions signed a memorandum on the creation of the first 50 smart cities in which unmanned vehicles will be introduced, the efficiency of housing and communal services will be increased and favorable conditions for the development of innovative companies have been created. Such interest is caused by the opportunities that open up to society in the context of technological urban infrastructure: this is an increase in the comfort of life, and saving time and resources, for example, electricity and water, "says Irina, Director of Technology at Hitachi Vantara in the North EMEAYAkhina region. The ^[21]

.

Frost & Sullivan experts note that now is the most successful moment to intensify such technological transformations. At a minimum, this is correlated with the calculations, according to which by 2050 the 80% of the population of the developed countries of the planet will live in cities.

Most smart cities will be created in China

Researchers note that an important factor in the creation of smart cities will be not only various innovations, but also the involvement of citizens themselves in the process. Against this background, various experts suggest starting a wide discussion in China between local authorities and the population. Frost & Sullivan notes that these calls are not accidental: more than half of smart cities will be located in this country and by 2025 will bring the economy $320 billion.

"One of the most important issues when designing smart cities is the safety of citizens. Already, decisions are emerging in the IT sphere aimed at protecting public well-being. For example, the Hitachi Visualization Suite helps prevent crime by presenting a more complete and accurate picture of what is happening in the city. And Hitachi Video Analytics (HVA) helps organizations get valuable insights about the state of urban space, the situation on the roads and at airports. Solutions adapt and scale as the needs of the city change, "Irina Yakhina gives examples

.

According to the study, the largest investment in smart cities projects will be made in Europe. But North America is also not lagging behind - by 2020, the volume of the smart homes market will exceed $5 billion. Analysts note that Latin America will become another region of rapid growth. Smart cities are already ready to create in Mejica, Buenos Aires, Santiago and Rio de Janeiro.

Juniper Research and Intel

A rating from research firm Juniper Research and processor maker Intel ranks cities on criteria such as advances in Internet technology, their impact on people's lives, health care and infrastructure in general.

The authors of the rating noted that the intelligent transport management system in Singapore reduces the idle time in traffic jams by 60 hours per year on average for each driver. Singapore also surpassed other cities in the prevalence of gadgets among the elderly. This allows you to control their state of health, prolongs life and its quality.

The second place was taken by the world financial capital -. This is followed London by American cities:, and New York. San Francisco The Chicago top ten winners, of course, included the capitals and, South Korea Japan and Seoul ahead. Of Tokyo the newcomers in such ratings, we can note - Barcelona the second largest city. He Spanish was ranked ninth in the rankings.

2017

Cisco unveils $1 billion smart cities financing program

In cities that are called "smart," cleaner air, safer streets and higher overall quality of life. At the same time, many of those in charge of financial flows struggle to find funds to fund transformations that would make their cities "smart." Helping to cope with budget difficulties, Cisco proposed in November 2017 the City Infrastructure Financing Program^[22], a total of $1 billion. The goal of the program is to make it more accessible for cities around the world to finance and implement technologies that will contribute to transformation.

See also Cisco Kinetic

Huawei will make 60 cities "smart"

As part of the Smart City Expo World Congress 2017, held in Barcelona from November 14 to 16, 2017, Huawei presented a number of solutions for implementing the concept of a "smart city." Contracts were also signed for the introduction of such technologies in 60 cities around the world.

Trend Micro: The main cyber threats of smart cities

Trend Micro analyzed what cybersecurity risks arise when using smart technologies in the critical infrastructure of such cities, as well as - what steps need to be taken so that local governments and developers can make smart cities safer^[23].

Key findings of the report:

• By 2050, 66% of all people will live in cities. Urbanization can cause a lack of energy, lead to transport collapse, environmental pollution, etc. To solve social, economic and environmental problems, both the public and private sectors are actively investing in smart city technologies.
• Global investment in smart cities will grow from $36.8 billion in 2016 to $88.7 billion by 2025.
• Among the motives of attackers that encourage them to attack smart cities: the desire to test their hacking abilities, theft of money and personal data of users, as well as corporate information; espionage or organizing a hacktivist campaign.
• Among the goals of hackers in attacks on the critical infrastructure of smart cities: intentional organization of accidents, organization of power outages; theft of personal information of users, theft of electricity; interception of control of devices and systems; violation of the transport system and others.
• The attack on smart cities takes place in four stages: statistical analysis (analysis of devices and systems whose vulnerabilities can be exploited), scanning (detection of targets and entry points), collecting information (obtaining data for access by phishing, etc.), carrying out the cyber attack itself .
• The vulnerability of smart cities is, among other things, the incorrect use of smart technologies on its territory. Public online platforms such as app stores, for example, can be infected if not adequately protected, and devices with open ports or backdoors can be easily detected and compromised.

To ensure the safety of a smart city, 10 steps must be taken:

• Perform regular quality control and test the system for penetration.
• Pay special attention to security issues within the framework of the service level agreement with all suppliers and providers.
• Create a Municipal Computer Incident Response Center (CERT) or create a Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT).
• Ensure a stable and secure software update.
• Consider the life of smart infrastructure.
• Organize data processing taking into account cybersecurity requirements.
• Encrypt, configure authentication and regulate public communication channels.
• Configure manual control function.
• Develop a fault-tolerant system.
• Ensure continuous operation of the main systems and services.

Bosch: Mobile Solutions for Metropolitan Areas

• The future of urban mobility from Bosch: zero emissions, no stress and no accidents on the roads
• The company has implemented 14 pilot projects of smart cities around the world

Bosch becomes a provider of mobile services for urban agglomerations. In the future, the company will focus on developing and delivering mobile solutions for connected to. The To the Internet smart cities world is experiencing a rapidly growing demand for conceptual transportation solutions for urban infrastructure. Megacities around the world are filled to capacity. In many locations, there is a danger of a complete shutdown. transport More and more people are returning to cities or intend to live there in the future. By 2050, megacities will be home to more than six billion people - double the number today. By that time, traffic on the streets of cities will be formed. Given that approximately two-thirds of the world's population will be urban in 2050 and with continued growth in urbanization, so will the number of problems.

In addition, an increase in the number of people in limited space will entail increased traffic, which means a deterioration in air quality, a decrease in the number of green areas, an increase in noise and the time that residents will spend in traffic jams.

See Bosch Mobile Solutions for Metropolitan Areas

Government Technology: Pros and cons of future "smart" cities

In a Government Technology study called Evolution of Smart Cities and Connected Communities, Asia was named as a global leader in the development of '4 ^[24] smart cities of the future^[25][26].

Key factors

Two key factors in the development of "smart" cities, according to the authors of the study, are population growth and ongoing global urbanization. More and more people are choosing an urban lifestyle, and therefore there is an increasingly urgent need for efficient city management.

The study cites data that smart city projects grew by 30% from 2013 to 2016. So it's time to look to the future.

While much has been said about the forecasts of the dangers of "smart" homes, it is also important to assess the positive and negative aspects of "smart" cities, especially to focus on their safety problems.

The higher the connection level, the more vulnerabilities

Always the first problem for governments, private companies and the public when it comes to something "smart" is, of course, hackers. They are capable of causing major damage to companies, as well as destroying the lives of ordinary people.

Can a hacker stop the work of urban infrastructure in the future?

In 2015, IOActive Labs' Caesar Cerrudo conducted an ambitious experiment to show the smart city's vulnerability to hackers.

It was a bit reminiscent of the Italian robbery or the recent video game incidents of Ubisoft's Watch Dogs: Cerrudo strolled the streets of Washington and "scanned" local traffic sensors used for traffic management. It found that the data was not encrypted and the level of protection was far from what was required. Then, in the lab, he hacked into the devices and claimed they could be manipulated to alter the operation of traffic lights, leaving the city with big problems and people in serious accidents.

"These traffic problems can cause real incidents, even fatalities, that will cause accidents or make it difficult for ambulances, firefighters or police to rush to an urgent call," Cerrudo said.

Sensys Networks, which serves these sensors, responded to Cerrudo's statements and accused him of exaggeration, but information about such a potential danger was enough for the Washington authorities to decide to check the safety of their traffic control system.

It is good that this vulnerability was discovered by a person who is trying to help. If there were an attacker in his place, how could he use this information? In the future, this issue will increasingly have to be resolved by authorities and security experts: a smart city with a high level of connections increases the likelihood that someone could manipulate the entire infrastructure if the proper level of security is not provided.

Driving without drivers

Connected machines are of most interest because they are one of the main features of smart cities in the future. If done right, they could save thousands of lives every day. Imagine a future where people look back at 21st century cars and wonder how their ancestors might have put people in danger by allowing them to manually drive cars. If the human factor is removed from traffic control, then thousands of victims of road accidents occurring daily can become distant memories. Of course, such a future is still very far away.

In the meantime, there are serious risks that need to be addressed. Since hackers can penetrate the IoT systems of the urban infrastructure and cause problems, they can also manipulate someone's car on the way, which can lead to real danger in real time. For example, in 2015, Fiat Chrysler had to recall 1.4 million vehicles after two researchers Chris Wallachek and Charlie Miller discovered they could remotely turn off the brakes at Jeep Cherokee and seize control of the Uconnect infotainment system installed in the vehicle.

Another story is impressive: something similar was produced by a hacker who for a moment was able to intercept the control of a commercial aircraft, as a result of which he changed his course. Chris Roberts of One World Labs managed to seize control of the plane while on board the plane as a passenger, connecting via cable to the Seat Electronic Box, which was under his seat, and thereby penetrating the plane's entertainment system.

Roberts stated to the FBI that he hacked the planes 15 to 20 times, and that he only wanted to identify vulnerabilities that could be addressed.

Security or control?

Smart city applications have already been used to improve the safety of people around the world. One example of this is the initiative of NEC, which reduced the level of car theft in the city of Tigre (Argentina). Tigris used high-precision, real-time analysis with facial recognition technology to identify criminals and even detect suspicious human behavior. The "City video surveillance system"reduced the number of car thefts in the city by 80% after it was introduced.

Of course, facial recognition can make the world a lot safer. Although there is one nuance here. What opportunities do we want to put in the hands of the authorities? Wikileaks emphasizes that over the past few years, online privacy issues have become very relevant, and there are a lot of nuances.

There are political parties that want to solve the problem of online privacy, but many of them see encryption as a tool that is more necessary for criminals than to increase the level of security of people when protecting against them. Is it worth sacrificing the online privacy of millions of ordinary people in order to be able to track the online activity of criminals and terrorists? This question is very difficult to answer, which was shown by Tim Cook and Apple's "battle" with the FBI last year. There are big risks here. Who exactly will have access to the vast volume of "digital footprints" of ordinary people with their daily lives that will be generated in the future? How will they use this data?

In addition, if these days the authorities are not behaving in good faith, hacking our devices, and the Internet allows us to become a victim of the onslaught of targeted advertising, then how will we protect our data in the future?

Facial recognition means that we will be constantly monitored, as in the case of drones that are already used for video monitoring - all this draws eerie comparisons with Orwell's Big Brother. These technologies allow us to create data about us without our permission, and we have no control over them.

The appeal of smart cities

Connected cars that are controlled without a driver, video control using face recognition technologies.... These are all somewhat frightening prospects. But what is the key word here? Perspective. It's easy to inflate fears about the future by overestimating the benefits of the technology that will emerge. According to a recent editorial in the Chicago Tribune, this is one of the immediate dangers of smart cities.

There is no doubt that we live in an incredibly technological age, and that technologies are already emerging that previously lived only in people's fantasies. Although billions of dollars are invested in smart city projects on the other hand, they can distract from other important issues that are worth thinking about. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, for example, has decided to spend US $18 billion to connect 250,000 villages to the internet. Although at the same time, according to the Chicago Tribune, many of these villages do not have normal drinking water and stable electricity supply. Addressing these issues should certainly be a higher priority on the agenda.

The European Commission, meanwhile, recently estimated that the introduction of 5G in Europe could cost 56 billion euros. I am glad that the projected socio-economic benefits of such an implementation in the next 10 years will amount to approximately 113 billion euros. Are there big risks? Governments of countries and public organizations should carefully analyze everything to understand what these technologies will do more: benefit or harm.

2016

Gartner: by 2019, 50% of residents of large cities will share personal data as part of smart city programs

The rapid pace of innovation in IT and change in society has created Chief information officers a sense of urgency and willingness in government bodies to experiment in the framework of smart city initiatives and open data, notes. Gartner Properly planned, these aspirations will put pioneers in the public sector at the very center of IT-Innovations^[27] society^[28]

"Citizens are increasingly using personal data processing technologies and social networks to better organize their lives, so government agencies and commercial organizations are increasing their investments in IT infrastructure and its management," writes Anthony Mullen, director of research at Gartner. "The result is the creation of open platforms that enable citizens, groups of people and companies to master new, better interact, and ultimately provide solutions that are useful for them that meet their needs as residents of the city."

As a result, Gartner predicts that by 2019, 50% of millionaire cities will feel the gain from smart city programs, voluntarily providing their personal data. The volume and diversity of data generated by citizens will continue to grow as a consequence of the increasing prevalence of consumer devices and the Internet of Things. Citizens will feel certain benefits of such passive data provision as a result of the interaction of civil services and commercial organizations. However, as this "hyperconnectivity" gains momentum, citizens will become more and more aware of the value of this data about their lives and will be ready to share it themselves to extract a useful result "at the right time."

This data delivery process is accelerated by a desire for efficiency and convenience. So, one of the main difficulties in the interaction of citizens with civil services is the difficulty of passing through many instances. The simple question "Do I have the right to vote?" may require complex procedures, studying the rules and visiting many websites.

As a result, citizens prefer dialogue platforms, such as a virtual consultant or chatbot, over traditional applications and websites. The civil service is also adjusting to these changes. For example, the Utah Public Safety Authority allows you to pass the driver's license exam using the Amazon Echo, and the Singapore authorities, in collaboration with Microsoft, are working on a "talk platform" project, intending to create chatbots for a number of public services.

One of the consequences of this is the rapidly growing volume of generated machine-readable data on how citizens interact with the civil services and services of their city, which creates a huge opportunity to develop open data portals that can increase efficiency, convenience for users, while promoting innovation and bringing income to government organizations.

"Open

data portals in cities are not new, but many portals today are machine-readable only to a limited extent and therefore have limited commercial value," writes Bettina Tratz-Ryan, vice president of research at Gartner. "The city becomes' smart 'when data is collected and managed in a way that allows for real-time valuable flows rather than just retrospective statistics or reports."

Some cities are already building data exchanges, especially in light of growing flows from IoT. One example is Copenhagen's Data Exchange, which is taking the very first steps to "connect" citizens to data, providing access to city data on the Web and a set of tools ("lens") to view information.

The next step in building a true marketplace is to provide and organize this data so that it can be used commercially. Gartner predicts that by 2020, 20% of all local governments will receive income from "value-added" open data through data portals ("markets"). The key to monetization is to automate and expand the user interface, enabling citizens and commercial customers to discover data, prepare it, identify patterns and share it with group members or within an organization.

"Users will have a number of data access payment options based on their goals," Tratz-Ryan writes. "An ordinary citizen can simply participate in [this on the principles of]" data democracy "and have free access in response to the provision of their own data, whereas commercial use may require sharing income with the data manager or buying a license to access the source of supplemented data."

Nokia: Smart Cities Scenarios

In November 216, Nokia announced the release of the strategic report "Scenarios for the Development of Smart Cities," which examines advanced practical methods for organizing the work of smart cities. The report outlines specific steps that city administrations can take to successfully implement strategies that have enabled other city leaders to expand their intellectual capabilities, improve safety and sustainability of functioning. Commissioned by Nokia, Machina Research, a provider of strategic analytical data on the Internet of Things (IoT) market, this report is based on initial studies of strategies and results achieved in 22 cities around the world^{[29][30][31][32]}

The study found a significant variety of strategies for organizing a smart city adopted in different cities, however, it was possible to identify three main ways used to expand the intellectual capabilities of cities. The path, conventionally called "anchor," involves deploying one application in the city to solve the most acute problem, such as congested roads, and then adding other applications over time. The path called "platform" is to create the basic infrastructure necessary to support a wide range of intelligent applications and services. In contrast to these approaches, the so-called "beta cities" implement several applications in pilot projects at once in order to assess their effectiveness before making decisions on long-term implementation.

The study revealed significant differences between cities, even those that follow the same path. However, it made it possible to identify a number of specific practices that are adopted in successful smart cities and, apparently, can be equally useful for everyone. In particular:

• Successful cities have open and transparent rules governing the use of data (on which the functioning of any smart city depends) by government agencies and third-party organizations, both in the framework of free exchange and on the principle of monetization to cover the cost of data management.
• Many cities that have advanced far in the way of building intelligent urban systems are steadily striving to make information and communication technologies (ICT) and IoT infrastructures accessible to users both from and outside the city administration, and they manage to avoid the disparity between the information resources of different departments.
• State bodies (and their third-party partners), actively working to attract citizens to implement initiatives to create a smart city, have achieved very high efficiency. This is especially true for initiatives where the benefits are most obvious, such as the creation of intelligent lighting systems or smart parking.
• The infrastructure of a smart city must be scalable to allow for growth and development according to future needs, and secure to ensure reliable data protection of public authorities and individuals.
• Cities that have been selected as technology partners by companies that can deliver the right scale of innovation and have the ability to invest and experience in real-world applications, along with open technology platforms to avoid vendor dependency, will benefit as much as possible.

Cities are projected to be home to 66% of the world's population by 2050, so it is vital to develop strategies to better meet the needs of their growing population. Smart ICT and IoT platforms will play an indispensable role in the evolution of smart cities. The study showed that many cities already use these technologies to optimize infrastructures and services, make more informed decisions, stimulate the development of the economy and social ties, create safer and more environmentally friendly communities, while expanding the range of public services.

Jeremy Green, lead analyst at Machina Research and author of the collection Scenarios for the Development of Smart Cities, noted: "No one claims that turning a city into an intellectual one is an easy task. There are a lot of elections to be done for this. Technologies and business models are developing rapidly, and this leads to uncertainty in many aspects. Standards are already beginning to appear, but their creation is still very far from completion. Therefore, there is no simple way to provide intelligence. However, there is an optimal way to go - taking into account all the necessary factors, maintaining realistic expectations and a desire to learn from the experience of others. These may be other cities solving the same problems as you, albeit in a different context. These may be suppliers that have already gained some experience, in particular, in other vertically integrated industries. These can be young companies that are often great innovators. And above all, these are the townspeople themselves - your faithful helpers along the way. "

See also

• Microsoft CityNext
• IBM Smarter Cities
• Cisco Kinetic
• Mitsubishi e-F@ctory platform
• Moscow Smart city Information technologies in Moscow
• Internet of Things, IoT, M2M (Russian market)
• Article:Internet of Things, IoT, M2M (Global Market)
• Article:Internet of Things (IoT)
• IIoT - Industrial Internet of Things
• Internet of Things: you can't stay in time
• RFID
• Smart Grid
• NB-IoT Low-Power and Wide-Area Standard, LPWAN
• APCS

Notes