E-Government of Russia

What is e-government

The main Russian IT project since the beginning of the 2010s has been the transition to the provision of public services in electronic form. On July 1, 2012, all regions and municipalities began a gradual transition to electronic interdepartmental interaction. And by 2018, in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 601 of May 7, 2012, 70% of all public services should be provided in electronic form (read about ways to achieve this indicator in a separate article "Popularization of electronic public services in Russia").

All over the world, government initiatives are the main engine for the development of informatization in the country. Russia is no exception. The state program "Information Society (2011-2020)," as well as a number of other regional and departmental programs, had a significant impact on the level of use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the country and led to tangible results.

The Ministry of Communications and Mass Media of Russia is conducting systematic work aimed at improving the quality and level of availability of state and municipal services in electronic form, the possibility of obtaining them on the principle of "one window," ensuring interdepartmental electronic interaction, increasing the openness of state bodies and citizens' participation in government decision-making ("Open Government"), as well as increasing the efficiency of spending budget funds on ICT in state bodies.

To solve these problems, the Ministry of Communications of Russia has developed new approaches to coordinating ICT activities. The necessary methodological framework was formed to coordinate the creation and use of ICT by government agencies, a system of targets and indicators was created to plan budgets for informatization activities that affect the quality of public services. Also, technical and organizational support was organized to solve systemic problems in the field of ICT.

As part of the development of ICT in government agencies, a number of key areas can be distinguished:

• Unified Population Register;
• Geocode of buildings and households;
• Electronic signature;
• Unified data transmission network for government agencies;
• Cloud computing for government agencies;
• Document flow of FFIV;
• Federal Portal of Management Personnel;
• Independent Registrar of FFII Documents;
• Independent Registrar of Electronic Bidding Activities;
• Electronic register of licenses;
• Unified Financial Security Register;
• Unified Register of Pledged Property;
• Single archive of digitized and electronic documents;
• Register of all social infrastructure facilities;
• Manageability of FSUEs and OJSC;
• Open data;
• Free software in government agencies;
• ICT training for civil servants;
• Electronic; health care
• State automated system "Control";
• State automated system "Vybory";
• GIS "HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES";
• GIS "Territorial Planning";
• GIS "Funeral and Burial Activities";
• AIS "Road Safety";
• Distribution of driver's license numbers;
• Electronic passport of a Russian citizen;
• Protection of personal data.

Digital government is the next stage of development

Main article: Digital government

The digital government (CPU) is the next stage after the e-government, the concept of which is implemented in Russia and implies, first of all, a convenient system of state and municipal services for citizens and businesses, high automation of interactions with the state, unified portals of access to the necessary information, high speed registration actions and provision of the necessary documents to individuals and legal entities.

Coordination of informatization

Main article: Coordination of state informatization in Russia

Management structure

Main article: Chronicle of relations between the Ministry of Communications and Rostelecom on the Electronic Government project

System project

Main article: System project of electronic government of Russia

E-government architecture

2019

• Unified technological architecture of information systems of executive authorities (ETA IS OIV RF)

2016

E-government architecture for summer 2016.

2014

E-government architecture for September 2014.

2011

The architecture of the electronic government of Russia and the description of its subsystems are considered in the presentation of Alexei Nashchekin (Rostelecom), presented by him in July 2011.

Open Presentation

E-government infrastructure

DPCs

Almost the entire federal segment of the electronic government of Russia is located in two Rostelecom data centers in Moscow - on Sushchevsky Val (northern part of the Third Transport Ring) and on Goncharnaya Street (Taganskaya metro station area). Information systems and equipment are partially owned by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, partially leased from Rostelecom.

The software and hardware infrastructure of the key electronic government systems - the Unified Portal of Public Services () EPGU and the Interdepartmental Electronic Interaction System () - SMEV was purchased in two stages, follows from the current state contract between the Ministry of Communications and Rostelecom. In 2009, more than 20 servers, HP several routers Cisco and storage systems were purchased for EPGU along Hitachi with DBMS Oracle four blade servers and a Sun tape library, an HP server, a disk array and. A Hitachi switchboard Brocade solution was purchased as a software bus. Oracle

In 2010, computing power expanded. This time mainly due to IBM equipment. The infrastructure of EPGU required 26 new servers, SMEV - five. In addition, IBM equipment since 2010 began to be used in the infrastructure of state automated system "Management," the state sales portal, and the management system of departmental informatization. Coincidentally, the post of Deputy Minister of Communications in 2010 was taken by Ilya Massukh, who had previously worked at IBM for 13 years (the last position was the director of the sales department in the public sector). In 2010-2012 Massuch was the curator of e-government at the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications.

Rostelecom says that the equipment listed in the contract was supplied in 2009-2010. according to the technical specifications of the Ministry of Telecom and Rostelecom Communications and is not limited only to IBM. "The selection of specific equipment grades was carried out by work contractors, based on the capabilities of vendors to ensure the required technical characteristics, delivery dates, volumes and other parameters specified by the customer," the company adds.

Rent "e-government" for the regions

The regional e-government infrastructure (RIEP) is not the property of either the Ministry of Communications or the regional authorities. It, as follows from the contract, belongs to Rostelecom and is provided to all 83 entities as a comprehensive service under the SaaS model.

The "typical instance of a comprehensive service" includes:

• "Regional portal of public services" - a clone of EPGU, placed on its own subdomain (for example, 45.gosuslugi.ru for the Kurgan region), containing the services of a particular region;
• "Regional system of interdepartmental electronic interaction" - ensures the interaction of departments within the subject;
• "Typical solution of interdepartmental interaction" - automates the receipt and processing of requests through SMEV from federal authorities, as well as the preparation of requests for them and the receipt of answers to them;
• service "Provision of information for FNIV" - provides the provision of information from regional authorities to the federal;
• service "Request for information from FOIV" - provides information from federal authorities to regional ones.

"The rights to all services, hardware and software used in the provision of a typical comprehensive service belong to the contractor," the state contract of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications with Rostelecom says.

The interlocutor of CNews, close to the new team of the Ministry of Communications, believes that this is an agreement between the previous team and Rostelecom. "According to the 210th law, the regions can have their own RSMEV, nevertheless, the criteria for certification of regional tires for the status of RSMEV were not formally determined," he says. - Rostelecom, as an operation operator, very cleverly tied the official terminology (RSMEV) to the inseparable part of the architecture - regional buses. "

An ex-employee of Rostelecom, who was involved in electronic government, says that the regions always had a choice - either to rent infrastructure for 15 million rubles. per year, or to create your own for 150-350 million rubles. depending on the subject, and the rental model for them turned out to be more preferable. "It's like channels and communication services," he adds. - Nobody builds their communication channels, and everyone consumes services. So is the infrastructure for e-government. Both and MTSVimpelCom"" could provide such a service if they invested in the creation of their RIEP. " He estimates the amount of necessary funds for the creation of such a solution at 1 billion rubles.

According to the president, who UEC Aleksei Popov previously worked as the director of the IT department of the government, it is not a problem that the regions rent someone else's RIEP (even from a commercial company), but it is important that the subjects really have the opportunity to choose. At the same time, if the system does not imply an alternative, then it should belong to the state, the expert adds.

The federal infrastructure of electronic government is also not fully owned by the state, previously told CNews in the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications. For example, Rostelecom is the owner of a system of automated workplaces of Sales and Customer Service Centers (CPOC AWS). With its help, activation codes are issued to citizens who have registered on the public services portal through the operator's offices.

Rostelecom notes that the issuance of activation codes is carried out in different ways, and the main type of code delivery is the departure of the Russian Post. Rostelecom's service for issuing activation codes when visiting the CPOC is an additional, not the main method of delivery. This was done exclusively for the convenience and choice for users, "the operator explains. "Such services can be provided if necessary by other organizations identified by the state. For this, it is possible to use Rostelecom solutions or create your own product, "the company says.

Electronic government, according to Rostelecom, cannot consist exclusively of state-owned information systems at all. "Housing and communal services, payment of duties, fines, etc. are carried out by non-state organizations. Without the use of information systems of accrual providers, banks, the functioning of electronic government cannot exist fully, the operator believes. - In this sense, additional services of other organizations, not replacing, but supplementing the capabilities of state systems, should be welcomed in every possible way. Naturally, the connection of such services should be carried out by decision of state customers. "

The risks of outsourcing state IT systems recently materialized in Ukraine, where an attempt by the Ministry of Justice to abandon the services of a commercial contractor led to the shutdown of key registers and, as a result, blocking the work of a number of departments. One way or another, the further strategy of the Ministry of Communications is to ensure the independence of the e-government infrastructure from the operation operator, said Alexey Kozyrev, director of the ministry's e-government development department, at a recent CNews round table. True, it is not yet known about specific steps in this direction.

Unified Data Network (UDS)

Main article: Unified Data Transmission Network for Government Agencies

The Unified Data Transmission Network (CDS) is a set of data trunk networks with access nodes in administrative centers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The network is an integral part of the e-government infrastructure and is also intended for the transfer of information by federal executive bodies. SPD is designed to improve the quality (speed, availability, reliability) of telecommunication services provided to federal executive authorities, and create conditions that ensure digital equality of the quality and quantity of telecommunications and electronic public services to citizens of the Russian Federation throughout the country, by transforming the process of purchasing communication channels.

State cloud

Main article: State Region State Unified Cloud Platform (GEOP)

The Gosoblako project will unite the information systems of the Russian authorities. It is planned that it will enter mass operation at the end of 2017.

State that

Main article: Gosteh (Unified Digital Platform of the Russian Federation)

Rostelecom contracts

Main article: Project:E-government infrastructure (Rostelecom contracts)

Government Data Architecture

2019: Ministry of Economic Development proposes to separate "state" and "municipal" data

On October 18, 2019, TAdviser became known that the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation proposed to make a number of changes to the Federal Law "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection." Among the proposed changes, attention is drawn to the proposal to introduce such concepts as "state" and "municipal data," and in addition to them - the concepts of "harmonization," "systematization" and "depersonalization of information." In addition, the law is proposed to be supplemented with two articles regulating the creation of the so-called "Unified Information Platform" and "Unified System of Regulatory Reference Information."

state By or municipal is meant "data contained in state (municipal) information systems, or data managed by state bodies (local governments), including in paper form."

The unified information platform will have to include a register of types of state and municipal data, as well as the official portal of the national data management system on the Internet and "other state information resources determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Information in this unified information system will be publicly available, minus data, access to which is limited by current laws, but it is understood that for some data it will be mandatory to "depersonalize," that is, it is supposed to make it impossible "without using additional information to determine whether the information belongs to a specific person, object or process."

As for "harmonization," the description refers to the reduction of data in accordance with each other "by applying the methods established by this Federal Law for such reduction in accordance."

Further, the text of the bill explains that the process of "harmonization" itself is carried out in three ways: either by full or partial copying of "reference state (municipal) data," or by using pointers to reference data, or by using a table of correspondence of identifiers of some state (municipal) data and identifiers of other state (municipal) data. It is also possible to use a combined method of such harmonization.

At the same time, persons whose rights and freedoms are affected by harmonized data have the right to learn about this harmonization - and demand that the operator cancel it.

As for the "reference" data, it is proposed to determine their composition by regulatory acts of the Government of the Russian Federation or the federal executive body authorized by it, as well as the high executive authorities the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies.

Obviously, as of October 2019, there are no such laws and legal acts yet.

Ideally, all state and municipal information systems of the country should be brought to a completely uniform representation of the data, both in terms of content and in terms of format. Technically, this can and should be implemented using competent application of metadata. From the proposed amendments to the law, it follows that the composition of the "reference" data can be determined at different levels in its own way, and this is fraught with problems with the unification of information in the future. On the other hand, it is worth first seeing bills that regulate in more detail the procedure for harmonizing and systematizing data in state and municipal InformSystems, believes Dmitry Gvozdev, CEO of Information Technologies of the Future

The systematization of data in state and municipal information systems, according to the description, implies their ordering by similarity or difference in their inherent characteristics and the unification of structural elements. In other words, bringing them to a single presentation format.

The unified system of regulatory reference information, in turn, will include all all all-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information, as well as "federal information resources... used as reference information (reference books and classifiers) for other state (municipal) information resources. "

All background information that will be included in this unified system will be considered as reference government data.

The text of the bill npa = 96018 is available on the Federal portal of draft regulatory legal acts.

2018: Plan to establish a National Data Management System

Main article: National Data Management System (NDMS)

At the end of November 2018, it became known about plans to create a national data management system (NDMS) in Russia, which will include all the information the state has about citizens, companies, goods and objects. A single information environment will unite hundreds of state information systems (GIS).

2014: Unified Government Data Architecture Launch Plan

Initiation: Letter of the Office of the Government of the Russian Federation No. P10-5473 dated February 6, 2014

As a result of the introduction of information and communication technologies in public authorities, they are currently mainly of an intra-departmental nature, which does not significantly improve interagency cooperation and improve the quality of public services provided to citizens. Problems hindering the improvement of the efficiency of the use of information and communication technologies in the activities of government bodies are of a comprehensive interdepartmental nature and cannot be solved at the level of individual government bodies.

The formation of a unified architecture of state data is an important step towards solving these problems and requires coordinated organizational and technological measures and coordinated actions of state authorities within the framework of a unified state policy.

These problems are not simple flaws in the implementation of e-government, which can be solved by individual measures. These problems are systemic and are caused, first of all, by the lack of uniform, detailed principles for working with data in the e-government model.

A systematic and comprehensive approach to solving these problems should ensure the development of a unified government data architecture.

Objectives:

• improving the efficiency of management of state activities through additional systematization of information about these activities;
• improving the efficiency of state activities by developing the possibilities of automation of interdepartmental interaction and increasing the availability of state data for analysis and management decisions;
• reduction of costs for support and development of existing state information systems due to unification and standardization of requirements for information systems and their interaction;
• improving the efficiency of planning and management of the development of the state information environment through the systematization and unification of the principles of development of certain elements of the environment;
• improving the quality of public services (G2C, G2B) and government functions (G2G) by increasing the availability and quality of data and new interagency capabilities;

Tasks

• develop a unified information model of government data;
• Develop a unified data management model.

Software solutions

State automated system "Control" (GASU)

Main article: State automated system "Management" (GASU)

It is expected that state automated system "Management" will combine a number of information departmental and regional resources that ensure the solution of a wide range of tasks in the interests of specific departments and regions. All solutions should be implemented in a single software and hardware platform, which makes it possible to ensure their integration in order to form the basis of a single automated government system. In 2014, one of the key tasks of the state automated system "Management" was called the translation of the entire exchange of statistical information between departments into electronic form.

According to Nikolay Muravyov, head of regional solutions "Forecast," at the end of 2014, due to a certain shift in state priorities, the topic of building a single vertically integrated state automated information system "Management" is not very actively developing, although the regional segment has already been introduced by "Forecast" and is used in more than 40 regions. The system helps the executive bodies of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation to analyze the current state and plan the promising socio-economic development of the region. In addition, the use of the solution allows for effective bilateral interaction with federal authorities.

State automated system Elections

Main article: State automated system Elections

State automated system "Vybory" is a geographically distributed, telecommunication, automated system for implementing information processes during the preparation and conduct of elections and referendums of all levels, as well as for automating the activities of election commissions in the inter-election period.

User identification

Main article: Unified system of identification and authentication in the infrastructure of the electronic government of the Russian Federation (ESIA)

Government Decree No. 977 of November 28, 2011 approved the requirements for a unified identification and authentication system in the e-government infrastructure, which is part of the infrastructure that provides information and technological interaction of information systems used to provide state and municipal services in electronic form.

The system will not only provide citizens and legal entities with access to electronic government, but will also be used by officials in the exchange of information, as well as information systems in the automatic exchange of information.

Interdepartmental document management

Main article: National EDMS of Russia

APK "Safe City"

Main article: Agro-Industrial Complex Safe City

Independent Registrar

Main article: Independent Registrar

Information system "Independent Registrar" - a system that ensures independent registration (reservation and storage) of the history of auctions in electronic form on electronic platforms in order to provide information on actions taken at the auction for the decision-making by the regulatory body on the basis of objective information.

National Fund of Algorithms and Programs (NFAP)

Main article: National Fund of Algorithms and Programs (NFAP)

The Federal State Information System "National Fund of Algorithms and Programs" (FSIS FAP) is one of the "coordination" GIS, i.e. it is directly related to the automation of the coordination processes of state informatization.

Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System (UIISS)

Main article: Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System (UIISS)

The system provides access using the Internet to state bodies, local governments, UIISS users to official statistical information posted in electronic form, including metadata, generated in accordance with the Federal Statistical Work Plan. In addition, it provides for the unification of statistical resources, ensuring their effective use in management decisions and forecasting, as well as the submission of official statistical information to state information systems.

Digital Performance Technologies

White Paper: Digital Performance

Other systems

System (service)	Purpose	Quantitative characteristics during the service period (September - December 2013)	Hardware and ON
Unified portal of state and municipal services (EPGU)	Located at gosuslugi.ru. Provides access for individuals and legal entities to information about public services and functions, as well as providing them in electronic form.	The number of applications submitted for the provision of services (federal, regional, municipal) - up to 19 million The average daily number of users who visited EPGU - up to 500 thousand. The number of services provided in stages 3, 4 and 5 at EPGU is up to 17 million. The maximum number of users simultaneously working with application forms at EPGU is up to 3 thousand.	2009 purchase: Routers and intrusion detection system,,, Cisco servers HP DSS Hitachi, DBMS etc. SOFTWARE, Oracle COMMUNICATION CHANNEL PROTECTION TOOLS "CONTINENT" Procurement 2010: Servers and Tape Library, IBM HDS Brocade Storage Network Switch, Juniper Security System Switches DDoS , Arbor Peakflow Attack Protection System, Stonesoft Personal Data MPS
State Electronic Postal System (GEPS)	Available at EPGU. It serves for the legally significant exchange of electronic messages between citizens and private organizations on the one hand and government agencies on the other.	The number of connected services (with notifications via GEPS) - up to 5 The number of messages sent - up to 170 thousand.	nd
Unified Identification and Authentication System (ESIA)	Database of identification and personal data of users - individuals, individual entrepreneurs and authorized representatives of legal entities. The ESIA also includes software and hardware that provides user identification and authentication when accessing various state information systems (in particular, EPGU). Read more about the system in the 68th issue of CNews magazine, as well as on the website CNews.ru.	Number of registered users (individuals, legal entities, foreign citizens) - up to 7.5 million Number of registered IPs - up to 300 Number of IPs integrated with ESIA - up to 125 Number of authorization requests in ESIA - up to 35 million	nd
Unified system of interdepartmental electronic interaction (SMEV)	Ensures the interaction of information systems of authorities through special services.	The number of SMEV participants (FOIV, ROIV, OMSU, CO) - up to 13 thousand. The number of IEs registered in SMEV is up to 15 thousand. Number of registered services - up to 700 Number of SMEV transactions (FOIV-FOIV, ROIV-FOIV, ROIV-ROIV, KO-FOIV, PSU-FOIV) - up to 1.4 billion Number of service registrations - up to 700	2009 Procurement: Sun and HP Servers, DBMS, etc. Oracle Software, Hitachi Disk Array, Sun Tape Library, Brocade Switch Purchase 2010: IBM Servers, HDS Brocade and Juniper Switches, ViPNet Coordinator Firmware, Stonesoft and CryptoPro CSP
Electronic Government Monitoring and Monitoring System (ICM)	Ensures guaranteed fixation of information about electronic messages in SMEV, user actions, system events, both during interaction of internal components of the system and during interaction with external information systems, as well as search for registered services by a set of characteristics.	Number of regular reports - up to 10	nd
Unified Regulatory Reference Information System (ESNSI)	It is intended to maintain a register of regulatory reference information used in state information systems, to provide access to it to information systems of authorities in accordance with their powers.	Number of users registered in the system (editors, operators) - up to 60 Number of interaction participants (integrated systems) - up to 5 Number of directories (classifiers) in the system - up to 20 Number of directory updates (classifiers) - up to 5	nd
Information and Payment Gateway (IPN)	It is designed to collect, process, store and provide information on accruals issued to users of EPGU and pay for these accruals.	Number of payments - up to 300,000 Total amount of payments, rub. - up to 170 million Number of service providers - up to 140 Number of settlement banks - up to 5	Sun servers, Oracle DBMS, Hitachi disk drives, HDS Brocade switch
System for monitoring the functioning of public access centers and public access infrastructure (SMFC IOD)	It is intended for remote control and management of information rooms in the regions intended for access to public services in electronic form.	The number of terminals in 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation - up to 500 The number of user requests through infomats - up to 1 million	Kraftway servers, KPI of CryptoPro CSP data, Oracle backup software, Linksys switch, Kraftway infomats.
Information system for ensuring the interaction of mobile devices with the e-government infrastructure (SMU)	Provides users with access to the services of the EPGU Personal Account, IPN and ESIA from mobile devices, sending sms and e-mail to EPGU users, sending push notifications.	The number of service orders through SMU is up to 500 thousand. The number of downloads of mobile applications from markets (Google Play, App Store, Windows Phone Store, Windows Store) - up to 200 thousand.	nd
Expert system of telephone service centers (ES technical service centre)	It is designed to provide information support to specialists in working with citizens' appeals and organizations on the provision of public services (formation of an array of knowledge, search for materials, recording and storage of citizens' phone calls, etc.).	Number of users - up to 700 Number of publications in ES technical service centre - up to 900	IBM Servers, HDS DSS, Backup Software, Symantec Oracle Knowledge Bases Software, Juniper Switches
National Platform for Distributed Data Processing (NPROD)	The purpose of the system is to manage services for SaaS, PaaS, IaaS models and provide the ability to deploy external private clouds, public clouds and hybrid clouds.	The number of information systems of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications placed in the NPROD - up to 30	nd
Information system of the head certification center (IS HTC)	It is intended to ensure the organization of mutual recognition of electronic signatures in a single space of trust - maintaining a register of certification centers accredited by the Ministry of Communications, issued and canceled qualified certificates, etc.	Number of services - up to 45 Number of automatic requests to HTC services - up to 90 million Number of requests for issuing cross-certificates, publications of CRL-lists (canceled certificates) - up to 900 Number of electronic signature checks - up to 400 thousand The number of certificate status checks - up to 60 million	On the street Udaltsova: A number of outdated servers, firewalls and workstations based on Intel Pentium 4, as well as a number of modern HP and Etegro servers, Microsoft software (Windows 2000, XP and Svr Std 2008, SQL 2000, Office 2003), "CryptoPro," etc. On the street Sushchevsky Val: HP Servers, Microsoft Windows 2003 Server R2, CryptoPro software, Cisco firewalls, etc.
Information system for analyzing information on state and municipal tenders for sale (sale) in part of the Portal Gosprodazh (PGP)	It is intended for publication and viewing of data on held trades, control of trading parameters. It is a tool for the formation of analytical and statistical reporting	The number of auction organizers is up to 35 thousand. The number of bidders is up to 300 thousand. The number of trades is up to 250 thousand.	2009 Purchase: HP and Sun Servers, DBMS, etc. Oracle Software, Hitachi Disk Array, HDS Brocade Switch Purchase 2010: IBM Servers and Tape Library, HDS Brocade Switch, Sun Server Upgrades
Federal Register of Public Services and Municipal Services (FGRU)	It is intended for collecting and storing information on the procedure for providing public services, as well as consolidating, classifying and analyzing information on the procedure for providing them from various registers.	The number of participating departments is up to 60 thousand. The number of services entered into the FRGU is up to 100 thousand. The number of users is up to 1.4 thousand.	Servers, switch and DSS IBM, Lenovo AWS
State automated system "Control" (GASU)	It is designed to provide information and analytical support for the adoption by the highest authorities of decisions in the field of public administration, as well as when planning their activities, monitoring, analyzing and controlling the implementation of decisions, etc.	Number of integrated information systems - up to 16 Number of registered users - up to 2.5 thousand The number of monitored indicators in information systems is up to 6 thousand. The number of requests is up to 2.5 thousand.	2009 purchase: HP servers, Symantec backup software, Kaspersky Lab antivirus, Oracle DBMS, Forecast analytical software, EMC DSS, Cisco switches and routers Purchase 2010: IBM and HP servers, Brocade switches, IBM tape library
AIS "Management of departmental and regional informatization" (UViRI)	Ensures the automation of activities to coordinate the spending of budget funds of authorities for the use of information technologies.	Number of users - up to 850 Consulting authorities - up to 1.2 thousand Number of publications of informatization plans - up to 180 Number of requests for publication of documents in the "Portal" subsystem - up to 250 Number of requests for change from state authorities - up to 200	2009 Purchase: Sun and HP Servers 2010 Purchase: IBM Servers and Tape Library, StoneGate and Altex Software, Symantec Software
Hardware and software infrastructure provided as a service (PAIS)	It is the property of Rostelecom. Provided by the Ministry of Communications for the placement of information systems.	Number of customer's information systems - up to 30 Maximum amount of total amount of RAM provided by PAIS - up to 4,141 GB Maximum number of physical processors (cores) provided by PAIS - up to 656 pcs. Maximum cumulative storage capacity (raw capacity) provided by PAIS - up to 101 TB	nd
Service "Formation and sending" Russian Post "activation codes to users of EPGU (Service Russian Post)	Ensures the printing and sending of letters to citizens registered at the EPSU	Number of letters sent (pcs/month) - up to 600 thousand	nd
SMS mailing gateway	Provides sending SMS generated by EPGU to clients of mobile networks to change the status of applications.	The number of SMS sent (pcs/month) is up to 800 thousand.	nd
Comprehensive service for provision of "Regional Infrastructure of Electronic Government"	Includes the services "Regional Portal of Public Services," "Regional System of Interdepartmental Electronic Interaction," "Standard Solution of Interdepartmental Interaction (TRMV)," etc., designed for information and technological support of the provision of public services in electronic form. Provided for all 83 regions of Russia. The rights to all services, hardware and software used in the provision of a comprehensive service belong to Rostelecom.	The number of applications submitted for the provision of services for 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation (regional, municipal) - up to 80 thousand. The number of services provided in stages 3, 4 and 5 at the RPGU in 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation - up to 30 thousand. Number of registered RSMEV services - up to 200 Number of RSMEV transactions (ROIV-FOIV, ROIV-ROIV, KO-FOIV) - up to 2.5 million Number of TPMVs - up to 83 Number of FNIV information accessed through adapters within the service - up to 120 Number of services for FNIVs - up to 22	nd
E-Government Infrastructure Test Data Center (TDC)	Designed to perform planned and unscheduled work on debugging and testing the functional and infrastructure capabilities of e-government infrastructure systems (EPGU, SMEV, ESIA, etc.).	Number of release tests - up to 90 Number of test environments located in the data center - up to 15 Maximum amount of total RAM provided by the data center - up to 1,506 GB Maximum number of physical processors (cores) provided by the data center - up to 332 pcs. Maximum cumulative storage capacity (raw capacity) provided by TDC - up to 48 TB	nd
Services of the automated workstation system of the Sales and Customer Service Centers (CPS AWS) for issuing the activation code of the EPGU Personal Account	As part of the provision of the service, the activation code of the EPGU Personal Account and consulting of users are provided. The CPOC AWS itself is the property of Rostelecom.	The number of CPS AWS (in all regions of the Russian Federation) - up to 100 The number of issued activation codes of the EPGU personal account - up to 450 thousand.	nd

Source: CNews Analytics, 2013

Federal public services

Main article: Unified portal of public services

Since December 15, 2009 [1] , the second version of the unified portal of public services of Russia has been opened at www.gosuslugi.ru .

Main article: Interagency electronic document management system of Russia

Electronic messaging system and maintenance of official correspondence in electronic form between participants of interdepartmental electronic document management. It is an integral part of the electronic government of Russia.

Main article: System of interdepartmental electronic interaction (SMEV)

The main function of the system is the transfer of data necessary for the provision of public services between departments. Not only federal information systems, but also regional SMEVs will have to connect to the system.

Requirements for IT systems for electronic public services

In December 2013, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications approved an order establishing requirements for IT systems of organizations that connect to the infrastructure for ensuring the interaction of systems used to provide electronic public services. The draft order was published in the fall, its public discussion ended at the end of November.

The order, in particular, approves the requirements for the communication channel and the means of cryptographic protection of information used for its protection, as well as the peculiarities of using standards and protocols when exchanging data in electronic form.

Among the requirements are the need to connect the IT systems of organizations used to provide public services in electronic form to data transmission networks that provide a transmission rate of at least 1 megabit per second.

IT systems connected to the interworking infrastructure must support languages, specifications and HTTP 1.2 protocols, IPSec, SSL 3.0, OAuth UDDI XML 2.0. 3.0. 1.1. 1.1 XSL , SAML 2.0. 1.1, WSDL WS-Policy 1.2, and Rest-.API

It is worth noting that the approved version of the document did not include the requirements for the volume of databases of such systems contained in the text of the draft order. Thus, it was initially proposed to establish a requirement for the volume of databases used for electronic public services, sufficient to store all electronic documents processed in them, for a period of at least 5 years.

In terms of information security requirements, it is indicated that in order to connect to a closed infrastructure circuit, it is necessary to use the means of "cryptographic protection of the communication channel used in a single system of interdepartmental electronic interaction." The project version of the document said that the tools should provide encryption according to the GOST 28147-89 algorithm and connection to the ViPNet CUSTOM infrastructure of versions 2.8 and higher.

In addition, when transmitting or receiving information via communication channels that provide connection to a closed infrastructure loop, mandatory reservation of such channels should be carried out, the order says.

Firewalls connected IT systems providing control over information supplied to the information system shall be certified according to the requirements FSB for such systems according to the fourth class of security, as well as according to the requirements for FSTEC the third class and the third level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities.

Informatization of regions

Electronic public services in the regions of Russia

Main article: Electronic public services in the regions of Russia

The company Rostelecom"" proposes to implement in the regions of public services in electronic form to use the so-called investment and service model. Within its framework, Rostelecom undertakes investments in the necessary infrastructure (secure communication lines, call centers data centers and unified software solutions for electronic public services, including on the basis of). ON Microsoft Then the company plans to provide this infrastructure, software and services for their support to the regions.

IT co-financing from the federal center

Main article: Subsidies of the Ministry of Communications to the subjects of the Russian Federation for the development of the information society

The Federal Center subsidizes the introduction of information technologies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to develop modern health care services, education, housing and communal services, etc.

History of development

2022: Putin signed a law excluding from public services the activities of the FSB and a number of other departments

Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law excluding the activities of the FSB and a number of other departments from public services. The corresponding document was published on the official Internet portal of legal information on November 4, 2022.

According to the adopted amendments, the activities of the FSB, FSO, foreign intelligence bodies, the Ministry of Defense, FSTEC, the activities of the federal executive body in the field of mobilization training and mobilization in the Russian Federation, the activities of the internal affairs bodies, with the exception of the implementation of the functions for the provision of state services provided by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and its territorial bodies in accordance with the established list, will be removed from the composition of public services.

This will make it possible to hide data on the work of special services, first, according to the law on the organization of the provision of state and municipal services, the principle of openness is established for them.

As the authors of the document explained earlier, "the activities of Russian special services..., carried out even on the basis of applications from citizens, are not, in their content, a service and are always aimed primarily at ensuring the security of the state in order to identify, prevent and suppress illegal (including intelligence) activities of foreign states, organizations and individuals. "Proceeding from the specifics of the functions and tasks of these departments, the fundamental principle of the activities of bodies providing state services and guarantees that citizens receive full information about the actions of state bodies are not applicable to Russian special services, the authors of the bill consider.

Konstantin Dobrynin, senior partner of the Pen & Paper Bar Association, told Vedomosti about a significant decrease in the possibility of civil control over the activities of government agencies. As an example, he cited a situation when a citizen was detained without legal grounds for several hours while passing border control - if the law is adopted, the citizen's ability to defend his interests will be lost:

Since the corresponding Administrative Regulation of the FSB of the Russian Federation on the provision of state services to ensure the timely and full consideration of citizens' appeals, as follows from its name itself, simply loses its meaning.[1]"

2021

Mishustin approved the creation of a commission on electronic public services

In December 2021, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed a government decree approving the creation of a Government Subcommittee to improve the processes for providing state and municipal services. This structure will be part of the Government Commission on Digital Development, the use of information technology to improve the quality of life and business conditions. Read more here.

The Ministry of Digital Science will check the safety of its GIS for almost 150 million rubles

The Ministry of Digital Industry is ready to pay 149,681,625,9 rubles for an independent security check of state information systems (GIS), including mobile applications. Information about this appeared at the end of October on the public procurement portal. The winner of the tender will be determined in early December 2021. The GIS check should be completed on March 30, 2022. More

The Ministry of Digital Industry is transferring the Unified Biometric System to the e-government infrastructure

In early November 2021, it became known that the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation was transferring the Unified Biometric System to the e-government infrastructure. The platform will receive GIS status. Read more here.

The electronic government of Russia has 100% switched to domestic software

The electronic government of Russia has 100% switched to domestic software. This was announced on August 13, 2021 by the Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation Maksut Shadayev. According to him, the decision to completely exclude foreign software was influenced by a large-scale failure on the public services portal, which occurred in May 2020 (then problems with the site were observed for almost a day).

This is probably one of the most painful stories when we are faced with the fact that people who are entitled to benefits want to issue them as quickly as possible. And we, frankly, could not stand this load... This was a good lesson, because thanks to this we did a lot of work on modernization, scaling, rewriting in many respects that inherited e-government infrastructure, switched to modern technologies, microservice architecture, completely got rid of imported software as part of e-government, - said the head of the Ministry of Digital Science, whose words are quoted by RIA Novosti.

According to him, in connection with the spread of electronic services, the authorities faced a large number of attempts to carry out fraudulent actions against users of public services. Against this background, the Ministry of Digital Science changed the algorithm for changing accounts and strengthened measures related to the second confirmation factor, Shadayev added.

Electronic government refers to the informatization of public administration, when the state interacts with authorities, citizens and organizations in electronic format. Import substitution of software in the public sector is regulated by legislative regulations of the Russian Federation, according to which by 2024 the share of domestic software in government agencies should exceed 90%, and in state-owned companies - 70%.^[2]

2020

Valentina Matvienko disassembles paper mail for 2-3 hours a day. She asked Maksut Shadayev to make a digital parliament

Chairman of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko during his meeting, held on November 3, appealed to the head of the Ministry of Digital Science Maksut Shadayev with a request to create a digital parliament.

Let us, using the example of the Federation Council, make a digital parliament. Let's show you how it should be in life. You can give such a public order, an additional social burden to your professional activities. We are ready already and mentally. I have such folders with mail, every day I spend two to three hours on signatures, on work. Let's move to a number, - said Valentina Matvienko.

At the same time, she drew attention to the presence of the "human factor," in connection with which "not everything is possible."

But let's make a completely modern electronic parliament and invite other authorities, introduce how electronic government bodies should work. Agreed, Maksut Igorevich? Everything, hand in hand.

In response, the head of the Ministry of Digital Science did not say anything.

Mishustin allowed to dispose of Matkapital funds in electronic form

On April 2, 2020, Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed a decree allowing the management of maternity capital funds in electronic form. Read more here.

Putin called for expanding the mechanisms of online communication of authorities and citizens throughout the country

On January 30, 2020, the president Russia Vladimir Putin called for the development of online communication mechanisms between the authorities and the population. The head states said this in Krasnogorsk near Moscow during a meeting of the Council for the Development of Local Self-Government, dedicated to the role of local self-government in the implementation of national projects.

Direct communication mechanisms for authorities and citizens have already been built in many regions. They allow them to quickly respond online to the daily problems of residents, respond to their initiatives, to their appeals, respond accordingly , which means it is more efficient and faster to solve the problems that people face in everyday life, "Putin said.

According to him, good examples of online interaction between the authorities and citizens already exist in a number of regions, including Krasnogorsk, Tatarstan and Moscow, "but this is not enough." The Russian leader called for replicating such positive practices throughout the country and creating similar digital platforms in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in large cities  and in local self-government centers.

If somewhere your money is not enough, budget funds, it means that you need to support such undertakings from the budgets of other levels, "Vladimir Putin emphasized.

He stressed that the role of local self-government in the implementation of national projects will increase many times if effective contacts are established between municipalities and civil society. National projects "are implemented by the efforts, talent, initiatives of the citizens themselves, so municipal authorities cannot sit in offices, you need to be with people," the president added.

Earlier in January 2020, in his message to the Federal Assembly, Vladimir Putin noted that "we will be able to build a strong and prosperous Russia only on the basis of unconditional respect for the opinion of people." Working online platforms, speed and quality of response to appeals can become an indicator of respect for people.^[3]

2018

Russia will switch to public administration according to the "Service State 2.0" model

In October 2018, at the IV All-Russian Forum of Centers for State and Municipal Services, Deputy Head of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications Maxim Parshin presented the concept of digitalization of public administration for 2018-2024 - "Service State 2.0."

Its main principle is the absence of physical documents, except for a citizen's identity card. The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications expects that the new model of the "Service State" will make it possible to comprehensively solve the life situations of citizens on the basis of automated business processes ("super services"), minimize the participation of officials in decision-making on the provision of services, and exclude paper documents in the process of providing services and between departments.

Parshin stressed that citizens will have the opportunity to receive state services in a proactive mode - the state itself will remind when and what needs to be done, and all the necessary documents will be requested from the electronic registers of authorities by a single identifier. The deputy minister also noted that the MPSC should become a moderator in relations between citizens and legal entities with the authorities.

We must combine different areas of service provision that have developed all these years in parallel. It is necessary to jointly develop the concept and implement the construction of the Service State version 2.0, - said Maxim Parshin.

To implement this idea, departmental systems must be finalized, the regulatory framework has been adjusted, new services have been introduced on the Unified Portal of Public Services. In the next three years, 25 digital "super services" are expected to be launched, including those related to the birth of a child, the registration of benefits and benefits, electronic sick leave, OSAGO policy, compulsory health insurance policy, work book, etc.

Putin zeroed state duties for electronic registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs

On July 30, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law to zero duties on electronic registration of legal entities. This is stated in a document published on the official portal of legal information of the document.

Starting from January 1, 2019, state duties for the registration, liquidation and reorganization of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs will not be charged if the necessary documents are submitted in electronic form.

By the end of July 2018, the duties are as follows: for state registration of legal entities, you need to pay 4 thousand rubles, an individual entrepreneur - 800 rubles, for the reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity - 800 rubles, for the termination of the activities of an individual entrepreneur - 160 rubles.

According to the authorities, the update  of duties for electronic registration of legal entities will contribute to an increase in the number of organizations and citizens applying for these actions in electronic form. This will reduce the costs of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs to open small and medium-sized businesses and will contribute to the involvement of citizens in entrepreneurial activities.

It is possible to refuse to collect duties, since the commission of registration actions using information and telecommunication technologies reduces the costs of authorized state bodies for receiving and processing applications, according to  the government website.

At the end of April 2018, it became known that the Federal Tax Service simplified the registration of individual entrepreneurs and legal entities. Since April 29, the Federal Tax Service and the MPSC have switched to electronic interaction during the state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.

According to the Federal Notary Chamber, in 2017, almost 140 thousand entrepreneurs (35%) registered their business with the Federal Tax Service in electronic form with the help of a notary.^[4]

Analysis of the state of the e-government of Russia in 2018

The TAdviser article analyzes the state of key electronic government systems of the Russian Federation for June 2018: Analysis of the state of the electronic government of Russia in 2018

2017

Mobile operators will be connected to the e-government infrastructure

On October 19, 2017, during a meeting of the Subcommittee on the Use of Information Technologies in the Provision of State and Municipal Services chaired by Deputy Minister of Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation Alexei Kozyrev, the issue of connecting mobile radiotelephone operators to the Unified Identification and Authentication System was considered (ESIA) and the Interdepartmental Electronic Interaction System (MEA), which are part of the e-government infrastructure.

After connecting to the ESIA and SMEV, operators will be able to fulfill the requirements of the law and quickly clean the subscriber databases from anonymous users. In addition, connecting to the ESIA will allow operators to develop remote interaction with subscribers, "said Mikhail Bykovsky, Deputy Director of the Department for Regulation of Radio Frequencies and Communication Networks of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia.

In accordance with Federal Law No. 245 "On Amendments to the Federal Law" On Communications "of July 29, 2017, telecom operators are obliged to check the accuracy of subscriber information. The law enshrines a list of verification methods, one of which is the use of the Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services or Information Systems of Government Agencies if operators have a connection to them through SMEV.

Amendments to the Federal Law "On Communications" come into force on June 1, 2018. Until that time, telecom operators will be able to test the operation of their systems with SMEV and ESIA.

The idea of ​ ​ monetizing e-government infrastructure

In order for the e-government infrastructure to be fully ready for servicing the digital economy of Russia, the course of which Russian President Vladimir Putin announced in December 2016, addressing the message to the Federal Assembly, and confirmed in early June 2017 at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, it requires very significant investments^[5].

This was stated by Mikhail Bondarenko, director of electronic government at Rostelecom.

"For

the infrastructure to be ready, (representatives of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications will scold me), more money is needed. I propose to go to the Ministry of Finance on a joint front, demand money, "Bondarenko said with a smile, while making it clear that his proposal should not be taken literally

.

Mikhail Bondarenko considers the monetization of its infrastructure to be one of the most important moments in financing the abrupt "transition from electronic government to digital." "We are now moving in this direction together with the Ministry of Communications and other departments," he assures. "Although we cannot say that everything is painless and cloudless there."

In particular, according to the top manager, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications is now working on materials to monetize access to data that are located in the e-government infrastructure. "I believe that one of the most important strategic points in principle for infrastructure development will be the provision of data and services that are in the infrastructure now, on a paid basis to commercial and not only organizations in order to improve the business of our companies that operate in this market - to improve the quality of the services provided."

Explaining his words by example, Bondarenko described the situation when a person comes to the bank for a loan, and he is forced to collect many documents: a copy of a work book, a personal income tax certificate, etc. "All this data is actually in the e-government infrastructure," the top manager points out. "And the bank can receive them instantly, without analyzing the papers and with a complete guarantee of their quality and reliability of information."

2016: Rostelecom was cut by 220 million rubles. financing for the operation of e-government

Main article: Chronicle of relations between the Ministry of Communications and Rostelecom on the Electronic Government project

Work on the operation of e-government infrastructure in 2017 will cost the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications p1.816 billion, which is officially reported on the public procurement website. This is about p220 million less than in 2016, when the cost of similar services amounted to p2.035 billion^[6].

The work on the e-government project is divided into two blocks - the operation of infrastructure and its development. In fact, Rostelecom has been the only and permanent provider of both types of services since 2009. Company representatives told CNews that the contract with the Ministry of Communications for the operation of infrastructure in 2017 has not yet been signed, but they "hope that this will happen in the near future." To comment on terms of transaction and Rostelecom, and the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media refused. In particular, the ministry left unanswered the question of CNews, which is associated with a decrease in the contract value for 2017 compared to the previous year.

When concluding a similar contract in 2015, Rostelecom could receive less than p165 million due to the fact that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications decided to reduce costs by 10% and limit itself to a payment of p2.035 billion instead of p2.2 billion. As a result, the process of signing the contract was delayed, and the contract itself was almost divided into two, for a period of six months each. At the same time, later the amount of the contract was still increased to p2.161 billion.

According to the Accounts Chamber, a total of over p30 billion has already been spent on the creation of e-government. The auditors of the chamber checked the spending on the project of funds from the federal budget in 2014-2015. and came to the conclusion that Rostelecom did not provide services for the creation, operation and development of infrastructure itself, but entrusted it to subcontractors. In terms of operation, the company completed only 25% of the work, in terms of development - 10% of the work, the chamber notes.

Rostelecom disagreed with the conclusions of the auditors. The company claims that in 2015 it independently completed more than 80% of the work, and in 2016 this share increased to 90%. In October 2016, Rostelecom named states RT Labs, an electronic company, as its main technological partner in terms of infrastructure development.

2015: Rostelecom received 2,035 million rubles

Main article: Chronicle of relations between the Ministry of Communications and Rostelecom on the Electronic Government project

In April 2015, Rostelecom signed a contract with the Ministry of Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation for the operation of the Electronic Government infrastructure for 2015. The contract value is 2,035 million rubles.

The contract added systems developed in 2014, including the federal state information system for pre-trial appeal, the subsystem "Monitoring the data transmission network of authorities," as well as a number of modernized information systems. The contract provides for the provision of communication services for the Unified Data Transmission Network, which provides access for federal executive bodies to regional and municipal information, as well as the transfer of data from federal government agencies participating in a pilot project to create a unified telecommunications infrastructure.

Under the contract, the requirements for the quality of service provision have been significantly increased, the target quality bar has been raised. All this will allow citizens, legal entities and authorities of various levels to effectively use the infrastructure of e-government, including the system of interdepartmental electronic interaction for obtaining public services.

In accordance with the contract, Rostelecom provides services for the placement of more than 15 state information systems on the resources of the Company's National Cloud Platform.

The number of registered users on the public services portal in 2014 almost doubled to 13 million, services were ordered on the portal - about 17 million, portal visits were recorded - more than 72.5 million. Since 2010, more than 2 million activation codes have been issued at Rostelecom's sales and customer service centers.

The number of participants in the interdepartmental electronic interaction system (SMEV) has reached 11 thousand. In 2014, over 4.3 billion transactions were made in SMEV by participants. Since 2012, Russian banks have made over 1.5 billion appeals to the GIS GMP (state and municipal payments) of the Federal Treasurer through SMEV.

The Sverdlovsk region is one of the leading regions in Russia in transferring state and municipal services to electronic form and bringing them to the portal of public services. Over 3,700 federal, regional and municipal services are available electronically to residents of the Middle Urals, and the number of users of the public services portal in the region in 2014 exceeded 380 thousand.

The development of the EPGU is provided for by the concept of the development of electronic public services, which was approved by Decree No. 2516-r of the Government of the Russian Federation on December 25, 2013.

The listed measures are steps to implement presidential decree No. 601 of May 7, 2012, according to which by 2018 it is necessary to increase the share of citizens using the mechanism for obtaining state and municipal services in electronic form to 70%. At the same time, the level of satisfaction of citizens with the quality of the provision of state and municipal services should reach 90%.

2014

Audit of e-government IT infrastructure

In the summer of 2014, Rostelecom plans to audit the e-government infrastructure and the national cloud platform, as well as separately audit the information security of their technology platforms.

From the documents published by the company on these projects, it follows that the audit of the IT infrastructure, in particular, will be carried out in order to inventory and describe the processes of managing the IT infrastructure, as well as identify bottlenecks in the functioning of the infrastructure of the national cloud platform and make recommendations for their elimination. In addition, according to the results of the audit, it is planned to check the compliance of the infrastructure of the national cloud platform with "the needs of the modern cloud services market and the best world practices."

The audit of the information security of e-government and the cloud platform, in turn, is carried out in order to assess the implemented protective measures in those used in them, and operating systems DBMS the application, ON as well as network infrastructure. Work during the audit, among other things, involves testing the infrastructure for internal and external penetration. Based on the results of the audit, an analysis of the identified shortcomings will be carried out and recommendations will be developed to eliminate them.

It is worth noting that the audit of the e-government infrastructure will not be carried out for the first time. So, in 2013, it already took place on behalf of the Ministry of Communications. Then the audit revealed a number of technical and organizational shortcomings in the infrastructure that limit the development of e-government.

According to the ministry, "the creation of infrastructure was carried out consistently, as new tasks arose, without designing a technical architecture, standardizing external interfaces, properly documenting information systems and the procedure for their operation."

Rostelecom told TAdviser that the audit planned in 2014 pursues other tasks than last year: it is carried out at the initiative of the company itself and its task is to obtain from an independent source an assessment of the state of the e-government infrastructure and the national cloud platform for further development, as well as an analysis of IT resource management processes.

"In the case of infrastructure changes of such complex systems, auditing is always desirable for efficient use and development. The frequency of the audit is a debatable issue. It can be held both annually and once every 2-3 years, "they say in Rostelecom.

The company added that changes in the infrastructure of both projects are constantly occurring. The cloud platform is being modernized, resources are increasing along with growing demand, and work is constantly underway to increase the reliability of the platform. Regional services are being actively deployed in the e-government infrastructure. All these changes are quite serious and require careful analysis, Rostelecom notes.

Another 180 million rubles were invested in the development of e-government

The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications has signed new contracts with Rostelecom for the development of electronic government systems, according to which the operator must develop a mobile application for Windows Phone, improve the payment gateway and CMEV, as well as solve a number of other tasks^[7].

The portal of public services is constantly supplemented by various services and services, as a result, its revision is necessary, they say in the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications. To this end, the ministry has signed new contracts with Rostelecom, the sole executor of work on the development and operation of e-government infrastructure.

The total amount of three state contracts for the development of the Unified Portal of Public Services (EPGU) amounted to 80 million rubles.

In addition, the contract for i70 million the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications and Rostelecom signed for the development of a system of interdepartmental electronic interaction (SMEV), and for i32 million - for work on the formation of a single space of trust in an electronic signature. Thus, the total amount of five new contracts related to the development of e-government systems amounted to 182 million rubles.

"The new contracts with Rostelecom provide for improving the functionality of the unified identification and authentication system (ESIA), developing a payment gateway, optimizing and increasing the performance of services for checking and creating an electronic signature," the Ministry of Communications told CNews.

Describing one of the examples of development, the ministry says that now on the portal of public services you can pay traffic police fines, and in April a pilot project was completed to pay state fees for a passport. The revision will make it possible to pay duties for the provision of public services and other payments on departmental and regional portals.

In terms of the development of the portal itself, among other things, it is planned to improve the existing Android and iOS applications of the portal, as well as create a new application for Windows Phone.

The development of SMEV will consist in finalizing a new version of the system (3.0), which will optimize the exchange of requests between departments and avoid situations like the one in which Rosreestr found itself (I was forced to limit the number of requests received per second, because the equipment could not cope).

E-government will develop towards domestic software, self-sufficiency, independence from Rostelecom

In a document entitled "Organization of e-government infrastructure management processes," prepared for the meeting of the government subcommittee on the use of IT in the provision of public services (August 15, 2014), the Ministry of Communications identified eight main vectors for the development of this project^[8].

Financing for the development and operation of the IEP is carried out within the framework of the state program "Information Society (2011-2020)," which was based on the system project for the formation of the IEP, approved in 2010. The system project did not affect the principles of organizing the management of e-government infrastructure, the Ministry of Communications notes.

The purpose of the current document prepared for the meeting of the subcommittee is to develop a system project in terms of organizing processes for managing e-government infrastructure.

The e-government infrastructure (IEP), according to the ministry, should ensure the uninterrupted functioning of electronic services, unified mechanisms for transferring certain administrative procedures (such as applying, informing, making an appointment with the department, paying, obtaining the result of the provision of services, appealing against decisions and actions taken in the provision of services) into electronic form, monitoring the functioning of infrastructure components and incident analysis tools.

In addition, it is planned to optimize the costs of its development and operation, to ensure the possibility of transferring from one operating organization to another (now Rostelecom is the only contractor for the operation and development of e-government).

Technological Neutrality in Software Infrastructure Selection

"To optimize the cost of purchasing and supporting software infrastructure and system software, as well as minimize technological risks and dependence on the manufacturer, it is recommended to ensure the use of technologically neutral (easily replaceable) solutions, free system software and domestic software for the operation of technology services," the document says.

It is advisable to apply the same principles to the development of new and refinement of existing technological services and information systems, according to the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications.

To plan the transfer of current technological services developed using commercial software to free software, it is planned to analyze the feasibility of the transition and develop criteria for making a decision on the transfer.

The criteria, according to the ministry, should reflect the total cost of ownership of the information system, security, stability in the long term, the cost of transition.

According to the existing and newly created information systems in the document of the Ministry of Communications, it is recommended to determine the schedule for the transfer of existing information systems from technologically non-neutral software to free and domestic software.

Proprietary non-free and technologically non-neutral software used in the IEP, in the Ministry of Communications, as CNews previously wrote, includes solutions from Oracle, IBM, VMware, Microsoft and Symantec.

Outlay forecasting

Currently, according to the ministry, it is impossible to accurately predict the change in the cost of operating the IEP when adopting legislative initiatives that imply an increase in the load on infrastructure. The price structure of the state contract for the operation of IEP is opaque.

It is advisable to create a resource and service model of the functioning of the IEP, to form a structure of the cost of development and operation of infrastructure components, the document says.

This approach, according to the ministry, will ensure the stability of budgeting and cost control processes, regardless of the change in the development strategy of the information society in Russia, will predict the change in development and operation costs under constantly changing loads and infrastructure requirements.

Also, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications plans to increase the level of service by optimizing operating costs and learn how to predict changes in the costs of developing and operating IEPs when changing the requirements of legislation.

Control over implementation of e-government infrastructure operation functions Currently, the resources of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications as an operator of the operation of e-government infrastructure are not enough to ensure full control over the execution of operation functions. Automated monitoring systems and regular reporting do not provide a complete picture of the quality of operation.

To solve this problem, it is planned to ensure regular monitoring of the efficiency of the development and operation of IEP. At the same time, the operator (currently Rostelecom) should not influence the process of assessing the quality of the work he performs, according to the ministry - "it is recommended to use an organization independent of the IED operator and the IED operation contractor."

The estimates obtained should be published in the public domain and should be taken into account when determining the conditions of state contracts for the development and operation of IEP, according to the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications.

End-to-end quality monitoring

Currently, the sources of feedback on the quality of functioning of the components of the e-government infrastructure are scattered, information from them is not analyzed in the complex. The data obtained by monitoring systems as part of the use of infrastructure for the provision of public services are not used to assess the quality of their provision, the document says.

According to the ministry, it is advisable to ensure the collection, analysis and processing of feedback to form requirements for improving the tools for the provision of services and their performance.

"It is necessary to determine the procedure for collecting information from social networks, information systems that provide technical support for the functioning of the components of the e-government infrastructure, official forums and other sources, to determine the algorithm for comprehensive information processing and the decision-making mechanism based on feedback analysis," the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications believes.

Extrabudgetary sources of funding

Currently, there is a decrease in budget funding for the operation of e-government infrastructure components with an ever-increasing load on them, the document says. At the same time, among commercial organizations, according to the ministry, there is a demand for the use of e-government infrastructure services. But the use of infrastructure for purposes not related to the provision of public services is prohibited.

To reduce the budgetary costs of infrastructure operation, it is advisable to develop mechanisms in which these costs would be covered by the contractor for the operation of the IED. And he, in turn, will be able to provide technological services of IEP to commercial companies (in cases that do not contradict the law).

In the development of this idea, the Ministry of Communications plans to assess the risks and take up the removal of legal restrictions on the use of infrastructure for purposes not related to the provision of public services.

This will reduce budget spending on the operation of the IEP, and will also contribute to the development of electronic commercial services, the ministry is sure.

Application and Integration Management

For all components of the e-government infrastructure, a single logical data model and a plan for the transition to its use should be developed, the document says. Integration of components should be carried out in accordance with the provided logical model, based on standard process services. It is necessary to fix the procedure for working with the logical data model.

During development, logging and self-diagnostics tools shall be designed. The design in the document is recommended to take into account the requirements for data protection and backup according to international RPO standards.

In addition, it is recommended to ensure the portability of program code, its reassembly, storage of source codes and checksums on portable media, as well as the recoverability of software from backups.

Standardized principles for managing the lifecycle of technology services should be applied, including the development, testing, implementation, operation and monitoring of services, as well as rules for withdrawing services from service, the document says.

Incident and Case Management

The characteristics of the appeal management process are included in the system of agreements on the level of service quality between the Ministry of Communications and Rostelecom. The process of escalating the resolution of incidents to the authorities providing public services is not productive or transparent, the ministry said. The procedure for the authorities to resolve incidents that prevent the receipt of public services in electronic form is not enshrined in regulatory legal acts.

The responsibility of the authorities for actions (inaction) within the framework of solving incidents is not provided. Automation of the process of accounting and processing of cases and incidents is not regulated. There is no description of the process of linking problems and incidents. The mechanism for measuring user satisfaction upon the decision of the incident is not regulated, the document says.

According to the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, it is advisable to integrate the system of processing incidents of an infrastructure operator with similar systems of authorities providing public services. According to the results of the initial diagnosis of the incident, the technical support operator should be able to transfer the incident to the work of the relevant authority. All incident statistics should be aggregated in a single system.

At the interdepartmental level, the document recommends fixing agreements on interaction on the resolution of incidents, which determine the procedure for prioritizing incidents and the timing of their solution. It is recommended to use international ITIL standards to consolidate the relevant agreements. In the process of processing incidents, it is planned to collect statistics in the context of various statuses and service providers.

Change Management

The change management process, according to the Ministry of Communications, is not regulated. Changes made by authorities to information systems used to provide public services in electronic form are not consistent with other participants in the information interaction process. This leads to massive errors in interdepartmental interaction and reduces citizens' confidence in the mechanisms for obtaining electronic services.

The Ministry of Communications proposes to normatively consolidate the interdepartmental procedure for coordinating and amending information systems, provide automated means of maintaining and coordinating the planned changes.

Russia catches up with Estonia

Every year the difference in the development of electronic public services between the leader of the post-Soviet space Estonia and the Russian Federation decreases. As of 2014, Estonia ranks 15th in the UN electronic government development ranking, Russia 27.

More than 35% of the population of the Russian Federation uses electronic public services, said Vladimir Averbakh, director of the Electronic Government Development Department of the Ministry of Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation. At a meeting with journalists, Vladimir Averbakh named the leading regions in the demand for electronic public services: Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Primorsky Territory, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Mordovia. The least used electronic public services in Dagestan are 1.8% of residents.

The structure of population requests for electronic services varies significantly between countries. For example, in Primorye, where more than 66% of residents use such services, 91% of requests submitted electronically are for issuing foreign passports, and in the near South Korea, a life expectancy calculator, an economic dictionary and a reference book about 100 mountains of the country are in the lead.

In the post-Soviet space, the undisputed leader in development, Estonia has become an electronic public service where for almost 20 years 1% of the country's budget has been allocated for the development of electronic state services, regardless of which government is in power. According to the vice-president of Rostelecom for innovative development Alexei Nashchekin, in 2012, Estonia's spending on e-government amounted to $1153.8 per capita, only Singapore is ahead ($3125), the figure for - Russia $1.2. Today in Estonia, more than 90% of the population over 15 years old uses an ID card to identify their identity, it completely replaces their passport, with its help you can make electronic payments, receive all public services and even vote in elections. In 2001, in the elections to the country's parliament, 24.3% of all voters who voted used voting through. At Internet the end of last year, even "electronic citizenship" appeared in the country, opening foreign subjects access to e-government services, "electronic citizens" can register companies in the country and open accounts in Estonian. banks

In the last 2014, the ranking of the development of electronic governments of the world, compiled under the auspices of the UN, Estonia now ranks 15th with a development index of 0.8180. The leader of the rating - South Korea - has an index of 0.9462. Russia ranks 27th with a figure of 0.7296. This should be considered a very good result, given the fact that in 2010 our electronic government was given 59th place.

Such a significant increase in the Russian index is associated with the rapid development in the country of all three components, on the basis of which the index calculates: electronic services, telecommunications infrastructure, human capital, in particular, the ability and desire of citizens to use the services of e-government.

The number of services that a citizen can receive through the Internet is growing literally every day, both at the level of federal structures and at the regional level. For the development of the economy, the most important are the set of services of the Federal Tax Service for the interaction of entrepreneurs with tax authorities. Launched in May in Dubna near Moscow, the Federal Data Processing Center (DPC) of the Federal Tax Service allows you to create a "single tax file" of the taxpayer, where all data on them will be summarized. In such a file, it is possible to automatically take into account information about the social and economic situation of the taxpayer, his registered property, paid and unpaid taxes, etc. Ahead is the transition to a completely "contactless" interaction between the taxpayer and the tax service. In Estonia, for example, it takes 18 minutes to register a company, and 3 minutes to pay taxes. More than 95% of tax returns in the country are submitted electronically.

Information interaction between citizens and the Russian state in the field of pension information is also approaching the Estonian level. Already on the PFR website, you can send an appeal to the Fund, order the necessary documents, get information about the state of the pension account, use the pension calculator to calculate your future pension and make an appointment with a specialist. In early July, a new service was launched within the framework of the FIU AIS - accepting applications for the appointment of a pension and the method of its delivery. This method of applying for a pension makes a personal visit of a citizen to the client service of the Pension Fund optional.

One of the directions for the development of e-government will be the implementation of the new concept of the Ministry of Communications "open platform of public services." The concept provides for the provision of electronic public services on the websites of government agencies and frequently visited websites of private companies using the so-called widgets, pop-up windows with a standard interface. A widget library will be developed, including, for example, enrolling children in kindergartens, making an appointment with a doctor, checking tax arrears and many other popular types of services.

E-government services are actively implemented in all countries in the territory of the former USSR. In Kazakhstan, for example, now an electronic digital signature is immediately recorded on the identity card issued to each person, which allows you to identify a person using a card reader. Consistency is a big plus of the Kazakh approach, a bill has now been submitted to the National Chamber, which will regulate the very concept of open data, fix their list and form of presentation, we are talking about hundreds of databases. The republic set an ambitious task to enter the TOP-20 of the rating of UN electronic governments. Next year, the next rating of UN electronic governments will be released. Competition in this area is very serious, for example, the United States in 2005 was in first place in the rating, and now they occupy only the seventh.

2012-2013: How the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications reduced the cost of e-government operation

In 2012, the operation of the regional e-government infrastructure was paid from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Federation. Each of them entered into its own contract with Rostelecom. According to the head of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications Nikolai Nikiforov, the price of one such contract was about 15 million rubles, and only 83 regions paid the operator about 1 billion rubles. The Ministry of Communications paid 925 million rubles for the operation of the federal segment. Under the contract of March 2012, Rostelecom's total revenue from the operation of electronic government in 2012 could reach 2 billion rubles. (167 million rubles per month).

In 2013, operating costs were significantly reduced, although not immediately. Nikolai Nikiforov, who took over as Minister of Communications in May 2012, decided to reconsider relations with Rostelecom. The regions were told that since 2013 they will not have to pay for the operation of infrastructure, because this will be done by the federal ministry. The contract for a period of 4 months (January-April) was concluded in February 2013. Its amount amounted to 957 million rubles, or 240 million rubles. per month. Representatives of the new team of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications admitted that the e-government infrastructure, which was almost entirely located in two Rostelecom data centers, represents a "black box" for them (this can probably explain the initial increase in the cost of support services). It was not easy to open this box. To do this, the ministry achieved a change in the operator's leadership, which took place in March 2013, and received the go-ahead from the government to conduct an audit at Rostelecom.

The results of the audit were released only in October, but when it was still in full swing, Nikolai Nikiforov received approval from President Vladimir Putin to involve the Ministry of Internal Affairs in checking the operator's activities. This was a turning point in negotiations between officials and Rostelecom, observers say. There was no verification itself. A source in the ministry says that the audit concluded that there is no reason to involve law enforcement agencies. But the amount of the contract for 2013 was reduced.

In fact, there were two agreements. The first extended the term of the February contract until September with a reduction in its amount to 638 million rubles. The second concerned the operation of the systems in September-December. Its amount is 319 million rubles. Thus, the ministry agreed to pay 957 million rubles to Rostelecom, but not in 4 months, as originally expected, but for all 12. As a result, we can say that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications managed to reduce the operating price by more than 2 times in relation to 2012 and exactly 3 times in relation to the amount for which the previous Rostelecom team planned to work in 2013.

Rostelecom calls the calculations regarding 2012 untrue. "The actual cost of work on the operation of electronic government in 2012 can be obtained exclusively by summing up the actually concluded contracts with the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications and the regions, and not based on a hypothetical 15 million," the operator's press service told CNews magazine. The exact amount, however, is not given in Rostelecom.

As for 2013, according to the representative of the company, the real costs of operating e-government exceed the amount of funds provided for by the contract for this year.

2011

Criticism of e-government

Experts discuss e-government issues (2011)

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Survey of 100 top managers: the current state apparatus is not ready for e-state services

Electronic public services are in their infancy in Russia, and the main reason why the "information society" slows down is the state itself. This is the opinion of the participants in the survey conducted by KORUS Consulting in January 2011. 100 top managers and senior employees of Russian companies took part in the survey.

In the course of the study, the authors of the study tried to find out how much public services in electronic form can be in demand by society and why their implementation is so slow.

82% of respondents believe that electronic public services are in their infancy, and there were no optimists who would appreciate that state services work at the proper level.

"Ugly," "disgusting," "it is impossible to develop the automation of public services with the current state apparatus" - this is how the interviewed heads and specialists of Russian enterprises characterize the level of development of electronic public services. They believe that the state itself is the main brake for the development of an electronic society: 38% called opposition to bureaucracy and the lack of interdepartmental interaction the main reason for the weak development of the "information society" in Russia. Another 12% see the passive role of the state as the reason. This also includes those 28% who called the poor-quality implementation of services - this is also the fault of the state.

Other reasons include the lack of motivation among officials to provide high-quality services to citizens and businesses, the incompetence of decision-makers in the field of informatization, the interest of officials in taking bribes, and the poor implementation of delivery vehicles (Russian Post). Also, according to the respondents, informatization slips due to the struggle of various stakeholders (including large transnational IT companies) for access to the right to provide electronic services and receive appropriate preferences.

An interesting opinion was expressed by one of the specialists:

"The failures in informatization are influenced by the low population density of the country and, as a result, the high cost of informatization of the country as a whole."

At the same time, the majority of respondents (59%) believe that the introduction of electronic public services can reduce corruption in the country. These data correlate with the data of VTsIOM from February 2010 - according to 54% of Russians, the transfer of public services to the Internet will contribute to their availability, simplify the procedure for contacting the authorities, and reduce the time for considering securities. Interestingly, a little less than half (41%) believe that officials will find workarounds for personal enrichment in any case. That is, in about half of society, total distrust of state representatives is already deeply rooted: "they will always steal."

Next, we found out the personal preferences of the study participants - how ready they themselves are to receive electronic public services.

The majority - 58% are definitely ready, and another 25% - would try. 60% of respondents are going to use the gosuslugi.ru portal (despite the extremely insignificant amount of services provided on it).

By the way, according to the same VTsIOM survey, only 8% of candidates in February 2010 had experience in contacting the authorities for the necessary information or documents on the Internet. Even among people with higher education, only 13% scored.

First of all, the respondents are concerned about the possibility of obtaining passports and issuing visas via the Internet. Then - services for the design of vehicles, obtaining certificates, information from archives, submitting tax reports. The least interesting is the registration of pensions and receiving benefits.

68% of participants in the KORUS Consulting survey are definitely ready to introduce electronic passports. Only 3% of respondents would not trust the electronic ID due to any religious considerations. It should be noted that a fairly "advanced" part of Russian society took part in the survey, so extrapolating the answers to this question to all Russians would be wrong.

At the same time, the survey participants express concern that if such documents are entered, there may be significant violations of the law on personal data - access to electronic databases of a fairly wide range of people will allow, in the absence of control, to change any information.

Summarizing, we can conclude that educated Russians living in an urban environment are generally ready for the introduction of "electronic government." They will gladly take part in the experiments, they are interested in everything new and they believe that the Internet as a means of communication with the state is much more convenient than the queue in the reception of an official. But the scale of the problems associated with state informatization is so extensive that the majority of respondents are pessimistic about the nearest prospects for public services in electronic form.

2009

Putin approved a plan for the transition to public services in electronic form

At the end of October 2009, the plan for the transition of federal executive bodies to the provision of public services in electronic form was approved by Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.

Medvedev: There is no e-government in Russia

On February 12, 2009, at the open part of the Council for the Development of the Information Society, President Dmitry Medvedev gave a description to the electronic government. Being a person who "starts every working day with the Internet," he explained to the council that, in his opinion, there is no "e-government" in Russia.

See also

Overview of IT in the regions of Russia 2015

• Russia in IT ratings
• Information Society and Co-Financing of Regions
• Digitalization of the regions of Russia
• Statistics on the use of ICT in the Russian public sector
• Electronic public services in the regions of Russia
• Interdepartmental Electronic Interaction System (MEA)
• Development of SMEV in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
• Universal Electronic Card (UEC)
• UEC in the regions of Russia
• IT in healthcare of the Russian Federation
• IT in the education of the Russian Federation
• Concept of MPSC
• Informatization MPSC My documents
• Audit of MPSC compliance with IT recommendations
• MPSC. International experience
• Chief information officer of Russian Regions
• Base analysis Chief information officers Russian regions 2014
• IT in the public sector (global market)
• IT in the US public sector
• IT in the EU public sector
• IT in the UK public sector
• IT in India's public sector

• E-Government of Russia
• UK e-government
• Electronic Government of Korea
• E-Government of Kazakhstan
• E-Government of Tajikistan
• E-Government of Azerbaijan
• E-Government of Australia
• E-Government of Ukraine
• E-Government of Estonia
• X-Road Interstate Data Exchange Platform

Notes