Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities

Roscosmos (State Corporation for Space Activities Roscosmos) selects astronauts and their training, organizes the operation of space technology, conducts flight tests of equipment, and provides launches of spacecraft. Under the leadership of Roscosmos, a new Vostochny cosmodrome in the Amur Region will be built and then operated. The agency coordinates and implements the federal GLONASS project .

Roscosmos is responsible for 52 organizations of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise of the Rocket and Space Industry, including:

• Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center,
• Khrunichev Space Center,
• Rocket and Space Center "TsSKB-Progress,"
• NPO named after Lavochkin and others.

In addition, Roscosmos coordinates the work of 52 joint stock companies, including:

• OJSC Rocket and Space Corporation Energia,
• JSC "Russian Space Systems,"
• OJSC "Military-Industrial Complex" NPO Mechanical Engineering, "
• OJSC NPO Energomash,
• JSC "Information Satellite Systems" and others.

Information technologies in Roscosmos

Main article: Information technologies in Roscosmos

History and Performance Indicators

2024

Neolombard bought a non-bank credit organization "Truth" from Roskosmos

In September 2024, it became known about Neolombard's decision to buy the Roskosmos non-bank credit organization Truth from. As he writes Kommersant with reference to the documents on the transaction, an appropriate agreement was reached between Finkosmos JSC (part of Roskosmos"") and the main shareholder "Neolombarda" Ivan Dirkov. More here

Loss of 180 billion rubles due to breaking contracts with Western countries

The state corporation Roscosmos suffered financial losses of ₽180 billion due to the termination of contracts with Western countries. This information was announced on August 5, 2024.

According to Andrya Yelchaninov, First Deputy General Director of Roscosmos, the refusal of unfriendly states from previously concluded contracts led to significant financial losses for the corporation.

Roscosmos lost 180 billion rubles due to the termination of contracts with Western countries

After the start of a special military operation in Ukraine and the subsequent break of contracts with Western partners, Roskosmos was forced to reorient to new international directions. Currently, the corporation is actively developing cooperation with countries in Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

Andrei Yelchaninov stressed that Roscosmos is faced with the task of restoring the pre-sanction volume of exports. However, he noted that this is a long-term perspective that requires the right approach to the development of new markets with high competition.

According to Interfax, the state corporation in August 2024 is in the process of a gradual exit from the financial crisis. In 2022, the industry's actual loss amounted to ₽17 billion, which is significantly lower than the projected ₽50 billion. In 2023, it was possible to reduce the planned loss from ₽45 billion to ₽13,9 billion.

The leadership of Roskosmos set the task to bring the industry as close as possible to break even in 2024. To achieve this goal, the corporation is actively working to optimize costs and find new sources of income.

The head of Roscosmos Iouri Borisov noted that before the imposition of sanctions, the portfolio of contracts of the state corporation amounted to ₽230 billion. These contracts included engine supplies and launch services.^[1]

Classification of public procurement

On May 6, 2024, the State Duma adopted in the second and third readings a bill allowing Roscosmos to classify state purchases in the field of cosmonautics. The state corporation itself explained the need to adopt such an initiative by protecting contractors from secondary sanctions.

Previously, only part of the purchases of Roscosmos and its organizations were carried out in closed ways - for example, services for the transportation of space equipment, services for maintaining the readiness of space infrastructure facilities and purchases for the implementation of the Federal Space Program remained open. The Roscosmos circuit includes the Almaz-Antey, Micron, Granite-Electron, etc.

The State Duma adopted in the second and third readings a bill allowing Roscosmos to classify state purchases

Thanks to the bill adopted by the State Duma on May 6, 2024, Roscosmos and its subsidiaries will be able to apply closed competitive methods of determining suppliers, contractors and performers. Thus, they will not have to post information on the conclusion of a state contract on the Unified Information System in the field of public procurement and anywhere on the Internet. The list of companies controlled by him, whose purchases will also not need to be posted on the official website of the unified information system, will later be approved by the government.

According to the first deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Economic Policy Denis Kravchenko, by the second reading the document was finalized in accordance with the proposals of the Ministry of Finance and the legal department of the chamber.

Editorial amendments of a clarifying, corresponding and legal and technical nature have been made to the bill, - said the deputy.

In addition to Roscosmos, legal entities received the right to closed competitive purchases, which were provided with budgetary investments for the capital construction of buildings and structures or the purchase of real estate objects by them if the state turns out to be one of the owners of the subject of investment.^[2]

Russia adopted a law allowing Roscosmos to sell data from satellites to government agencies

On April 9, 2024, the State Duma adopted in the third (final) reading a bill allowing Roscosmos to sell data from satellites to government agencies. Previously, the state corporation shared data from remote sensing of the Earth (remote sensing) at no cost.

According to the document, the Government of the Russian Federation will establish the procedure for the transfer by state authorities, other state bodies, state unitary enterprises and state institutions subordinate to them of copies of data from the DZZ for inclusion in the federal data fund. List of information included in the federal data fund. It follows from the bill that data and copies of data received from non-state spacecraft are included in the federal data fund in the amount of transferred rights to use and dispose of such data.

The State Duma adopted a bill allowing Roskosmos to sell data from satellites to government agencies

As explained to Kommersant in the State Duma, non-state companies will sell images from their spacecraft through the conclusion of forward contracts with Roskosmos.

All pictures will be included in the federal data fund operated by Roscosmos. The corporation will sell pictures from the fund to the market to all consumers, with the exception of law enforcement agencies, Rosreestr and Rosatom, to which data is provided free of charge, "said Denis Kravchenko, First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Economic Policy.

The newspaper, citing documents to the bill, writes that thanks to the initiative, tax deductions from the commercial sale of data and services of the DZZ in 2026 will amount to 42 million rubles and will reach 80 million rubles by 2030.

According to Pavel Kamnev, commercial director of the Laboratory of the Future, the bill concerns DZZ data from space, and this immediately excludes 90% of private players.^[3]

The Government of the Russian Federation approved the placement of advertising on Russian rockets and space technology

On February 19, 2024, at a meeting of the Government Commission on Legislative Activities, the draft Federal Law No. 465445-8 "On Amendments to the Federal Law" On the State Corporation for Space Activities "Roscosmos," which allows advertising on space technology, was submitted by deputies and senators.

According to Roscosmos, thanks to this initiative, the state corporation will be able to conduct advertising campaigns, including the installation and operation of outdoor advertising at space infrastructure facilities and advertising on space technology. Roscosmos expects that advertising companies in the space industry will help popularize it, as well as attract young personnel there. In addition, the income generated will be directed to the development of innovative space programs and projects, the state corporation added.

Space technology allowed to advertise

According to Roscosmos, the potential income from the implementation of such projects, taking into account the current strategic documents on space activities, may amount to up to 200 million rubles. annually from advertising on space technology and up to 5 million rubles. annually from the installation and operation of outdoor advertising at space infrastructure facilities. Advertising revenues will be transferred in equal parts to the federal budget and special reserve funds of Roscosmos. It is assumed that the income will be directed to the development of innovative space programs and projects.

Among the co-authors of the bill are Konstantin Dolgov, deputy chairman of the Federation Council committee on economic policy, Pavel Tarakanov, member of the Federation Council committee on budget and financial markets, Denis Kravchenko, first deputy head of the State Duma committee on economic policy, Maxim Topilin, chairman of the chamber's committee on economic policy, and Anatoly Vyborny, deputy chairman of the committee on security and anti-corruption.^[4]

2023

30 rockets, 40 spacecraft and 413 billion rubles in revenue: Roscosmos reported for 2023

On July 4, 2024, the general director of the state corporation Roscosmos, Iouri Borisov, made a report for 2023 in the State Duma, presenting key performance indicators and plans for the development of the Russian space industry. According to the report, in 2023, Roscosmos produced 30 launch vehicles of various classes, 40 spacecraft and reached revenue of 413 billion rubles.

Iouri Borisov noted that the total production capacity of space technology manufacturers allows the production of up to 30 launch vehicles and up to 40 spacecraft per year. The average labor productivity in the industry amounted to 2.3 million rubles per person.

Roscosmos reported for 2023

The head of Roscosmos stressed that, despite the negative consequences of sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries, the Russian space industry is relatively stable. In 2024, the state corporation plans to increase revenue to 492 billion rubles.

Export revenue remains an important aspect of Roskosmos's activities. More than 70% of export revenues are generated by the creation of space systems for foreign customers. Negotiations are underway to create satellite constellations and space missile systems in the interests of partner countries, especially those close to the equator.

However, the sanctions led to a significant reduction in Russia's participation in international projects with unfriendly countries. As a result, Roscosmos's extra-budgetary revenue has halved compared to previous periods.

Borisov presented ambitious plans for the development of the Russian orbital group. By 2036, it is planned to increase the number of communication and remote sensing satellites Lands to 2,600, of which 35% will be commercial. Currently, the satellite constellation of Russia has 244 spacecraft.^[5]

Reducing the number of launches to 19, failure to fulfill the plan

Roscosmos was unable to fulfill the state plan for space launches in 2023, said the head of the state corporation Iouri Borisov in February 2024. According to him, in 2023, 19 launches were made, which is 3 less than a year earlier.

According to Roscosmos, in 2023, nine launches of Russian space missiles were carried out from the Baikonur cosmodrome, seven from the Plesetsk cosmodrome and three from the Vostochny cosmodrome. Among them are 17 launches of launch vehicles of the Soyuz-2 family (nine Soyuz-2.1a, six Soyuz-2.1b and two Soyuz-2.1v) and two launches of the Proton-M launch vehicle. All of them were successful, the state corporation said.

Roscosmos failed to fulfill the state plan for space launches in 2023

In 2023, during the Soyuz-2.1b launch vehicle with the Fregat upper stage, 40 Russian spacecraft were launched into orbits from the Vostochny cosmodrome - hydrometeorological Meteor-M No. 2-3 and 39 small satellites, created, in particular, within the framework of the UniverSat program and in the interests of the Space-Pi project. The simultaneous launch of such a number of Russian satellites was a record in the history of Russian cosmonautics, emphasized in Roskosmos.

Iouri Borisov said that Roscosmos in 2024 for the first time in 30 years plans to carry out more than 40 space launches. To do this, experts make efforts to exclude postponements of launch dates.

Over 40. But plans always remain plans. Last year we planned a larger number of launches. But, unfortunately, due to a number of objective circumstances, we failed to fully fulfill the launch program, - Borisov said in an interview with the Pro Cosmos portal in February 2024.

He clarified that the main enterprise, due to which the launches of Russian space rockets were postponed in 2023, was the Research Institute of Precision Instruments (NII TP).^[6]

Arrest of Deputy General Director Oleg Frolov in a fraud case for 435 million rubles

On December 22, 2023, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation announced the arrest of Oleg Frolov, Deputy General Director of the State Corporation Roscosmos. He is accused of fraud worth 435 million rubles. Read more here.

For the first time, Roscosmos will pay for the use of satellites of non-state companies in the Russian Federation

For the first time, Roscosmos will pay for the use of satellites of non-state companies in the Russian Federation. This was announced on November 13, 2023 by the deputy director of automatic space complexes, navigation systems of the state corporation and remote sensing of the Earth (DZZ) Valery Zaichko.

These will be the so-called "forward" contracts that will allow commercial companies of private space, which will create their own satellites, launch them into orbit, and we will redeem either the entire resource or part of the resource for use for state needs and place them in the federal data fund DZZ, "said Zaichko at a conference on the problems of DZZ.

He recalled that in accordance with the instructions of the government, Roscosmos will involve private companies to create DZZ spacecraft, communications, the Internet of things and obtain data from the automatic identification system. It is assumed that six companies will be involved in the development of the Promising Space Systems and Services direction, including Sputnik (Sitronics) and Barl. The first has a device "Zorky-2M," in 2024 it is planned to launch eight more such devices. Roscosmos is going to buy out their entire resource, Zaichko emphasized. The first contract can be concluded before the end of 2023.

As soon as it (the federal project) is approved, then in the same year we will conclude the first forward contract with the company, most likely, "Citronics," Zaichko said.

The Zorkiy-2M nanosatellite was launched on June 27, 2023. On board is a camera shooting in four spectral bands with a resolution of 2.75 meters per pixel, and equipment for monitoring and ensuring the safety of navigation, including along the Northern Sea Route.^[7]

Absentee arrest of a former top manager in the case of embezzlement of 600 million rubles

In mid-October 2023, the Basmanny Court arrested in absentia for two months the former top manager of Roscosmos and deputy head of the department of the apparatus of the half-president of the Russian Federation in the Volga Federal District Vladimir Meshkov. He is accused of fraud on an especially large scale (part 4 of article 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Read more here.

Mishustin instructed Roscosmos to create a subcommittee on cooperation in the field of satellite navigation with China

On March 20, 2023, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed an order that instructed Roscosmos, together with the Russian Foreign Ministry, to agree with China on the creation of a subcommittee on cooperation in the field of satellite navigation.

As Vedomosti writes with reference to the relevant document, Roscosmos and the Russian Foreign Ministry must agree and sign with Beijing a protocol to the Agreement between the governments of the Russian Federation and the PRC on the creation of a mechanism for regular meetings of the heads of government of June 27, 1997.

It follows from the order that the subcommittee will be created in order to compatibility and complementarity of the Russian global satellite system GLONASS and the Chinese global satellite system BeiDou.

The proposed sub-commission is also intended to promote the development of navigation technologies and their widespread use in various industries.

On the Russian side, the co-chairman of the subcommittee will be the general director of Roscosmos, on the Chinese side - the chairman of the Commission on the Chinese navigation satellite system. It is assumed that working meetings will be held alternately in the Russian Federation and China at least once a year.

By March 2023 Russia , there is a program in space activities between and China until 2027, as well as an agreement on the creation. International Scientific Lunar Station (MNLS) According to the information provided, the construction of the station should be fully completed by 2035. From 2026 to 2030, two missions are planned to develop landing and delivery technologies, as well as return to Earth samples of lunar rock. From 2031 to 2035, the parties will deploy infrastructure in orbit and surface, Moon including communication complexes, as well as electricity, research and other equipment.^[8]

Creation of a road map for the development of space systems

In early March 2023, it became known about the creation of Roscosmos and the approval by the Government of the Russian Federation of the roadmap "Promising space systems and services for the period until 2030." As Kommersant writes with reference to this document, it is planned to spend 481 billion rubles on the implementation of the project, including 369.4 billion rubles of budget funds. Read more here.

Recovery of 2.7 billion rubles from the Progress RCC for a faulty satellite

The Moscow Arbitration Court recovered 2.7 billion rubles from the Progress rocket and space center in favor of Roscosmos as compensation for losses. This was reported on February 15, 2023 by the Kommersant newspaper with reference to materials in the court's electronic file cabinet. Read more here.

Transition of 100% control over ERA GLONASS operator

Roscosmos transfers 100% control over Glonass JSC, the ERA-GLONASS operator. The corresponding draft presidential decree was published on the official Internet portal of regulatory legal acts in January 2023. Read more here.

2022

Announcement of cooperation with Iranian companies in the field of launch services

Roscosmos has agreed with Iranian companies on cooperation in the field of launch services. The Russian state corporation announced this in early January 2023.

According to a statement from Roscosmos, in 2022, memoranda of cooperation in the field of launch services were signed with the Iranian companies SAHAB and SpaceOmid. The details of the contract are not disclosed.

In December 2022, the head of the Iranian Space Agency, Hassan Salariye, announced that Tehran and Moscow had signed a memorandum of cooperation in the space sector. The countries agreed to develop cooperation in the field of joint design and construction of sensing and telecommunications satellites, as well as the development of the necessary infrastructure for this and joint training courses in the field of space.

An agreement on the creation of a space system for remote sensing of the Earth (DZZ) was in effect between Russia and Iran by the end of 2022. In August 2022, Roscosmos successfully launched the Iranian Khayyam remote sensing satellite. The Iranian spacecraft was launched into orbit by the Russian Soyuz-2.1b rocket, launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome.

On January 8, 2023, it became known that Iranian manufacturers plan to cooperate with the Ust-Katavsky Carriage Building Plant (UKVZ, part of Roscosmos) for the production of trams.

Colleagues from Iran came to us two months ago, they went around all the manufacturers and returned to us, they want to make a cart with us, since it turns out most successfully. Later, the Iranian side wrote that they have a great interest in cooperation, since they have a railway and tram enterprises united into one, "Roman Novikov, Director General of UKVZ, told TASS.[9]

Sale of the Ministry of Defense control in its airline for the ruble

In early December 2022, it became known about the sale of a 74% stake in Cosmos to a special flight detachment of the Ministry of Defense. The seller of the asset was Roscosmos, which retained 26% of the air carrier. Read more here.

Start of cooperation with Zimbabwe

On January 5, 2023, Roscosmos announced the start of cooperation with Zimbabwe regarding the creation and launch of small satellites. The agreements were approved on November 24, 2022, the Russian state corporation specified.

The agreement on cooperation in the creation and launch of small spacecraft for educational and liaison purposes was reached during the negotiations of Roscosmos representatives with the Minister of Higher and Professional Education, Innovation, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Zimbabwe Amon Murvir. Details of the partnership were not disclosed.

{{quote 'Last [2022] year, despite the difficult foreign policy background and sanctions pressure, the State Corporation "Roskosmos" managed to significantly advance in strengthening international relations, - noted in "Roskosmos." }} In 2022, Roscosmos also entered into an agreement with the Commission on the Chinese Satellite Navigation System on cooperation in ensuring the complementarity of global satellite navigation systems GLONASS Beidou and in terms of system time scales.

In addition, a contract was signed on the mutual placement of measuring stations of both systems in Russia and China. The state corporation has signed a program for the development of cooperation in the field of space activities with the Chinese national space administration for 2023-2027.

Agreements between the governments of Russia and Mexico and the UAE on the use of outer space for peaceful purposes were also ratified.

As specified in Roskosmos, another result of international cooperation was a meeting of the working group on military-economic cooperation under the chairman of the Interstate Commission for Military-Economic Cooperation of the CSTO, held in October 2022.^[10]

Those who stole 330 million rubles from Roscosmos received prison sentences

In early October 2022, those who stole hundreds of millions of rubles from Roscosmos received prison sentences. So, the former head of the NGO named after S. A. Lavochkin Sergei Lemeshevsky was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison and a fine of 500 thousand rubles, Igor Tretyakov, chairman of the Tretyakov & Partners law firm, by the age of seven in a general regime colony with a fine of 400 thousand rubles, the head of the legal support department of the NGO Ekaterina Averyanova - six years in prison with a fine of 300 thousand rubles. Read more here.

Reduction in the number of central office by 10%

At the end of September 2022, Roscosmos announced a 10% reduction in the staff of the central office. The corresponding proposal of the general director of the state corporation Yuri Borisov was approved by its supervisory board.

Iouri Borisov at a meeting at the end of September 2022 presented the new structure of Roscosmos. In particular, Andrei Yelchaninov and Alexander Ivanov became deputy general directors (he held the same position at Roscosmos in 2013-2015, and was also the acting head of the corporation). Both were previously members of the board of the Military Industrial Commission under the government, they were relieved of their posts in August 2022.

In addition, in accordance with the decision of the Supervisory Board, two new directions will appear in the structure of Roscosmos. The first is the development of projects to create and provide a wide range of users of space services on a reimbursable basis. It is planned to cooperate with private companies that are engaged in the creation of satellites and space systems. The second is the creation of an electronic component base for spacecraft, without which it is impossible to switch to conveyor assembly of satellites and produce them in a year not tens, but hundreds. Iouri Borisov has spoken about this since joining the state corporation in July 2022, the press service of Roscosmos said.

The Supervisory Board also reassigned Anatoly Usmanov to the post of general director of Salavat Chemical Plant JSC and approved Yevgeny Nesterov as general director of Academician M.F. Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems JSC.

Earlier in 2022, it was reported that Roscosmos in three years reduced more than 17 thousand jobs as part of optimizing the activities of the state corporation - improving production processes, transferring part of non-critical functions to outsourcing, and selling non-core assets.^[11]

Ivan Safronov sentenced to 22 years in prison

On September 5, 2022, the Moscow City Court sentenced the ex-adviser to the head of Roscosmos to 22 years in a strict regime colony in the case of high treason. In addition, he was assigned two years of restriction of freedom after his release and a fine of 500 thousand rubles. Read more here.

The new head of Roscosmos named the priorities for the development of the state corporation: navigation, communication and data transfer services

During a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin at the end of July 2022, the new head of Roscosmos, Iouri Borisov, spoke about the priority tasks of the state corporation, including the provision of communication and data transfer services.

Putin recalled that as deputy prime minister of the government, Borisov oversaw the activities of Roscosmos, knows the prospects, competitive advantages and issues that require special attention.

Answering the president's question on what this attention should be focused on, Borisov said:

Our country has opened the way to space for the whole world, and I think that a sense of pride is present in the heart of every Russian for our space achievements. Many generations of our engineers and designers have created a huge potential for scientific and technical groundwork, which will need to be converted into specific services that are in demand by the Russian economy today.

The industry, according to Borisov, is in a difficult situation, and he sees his task in providing the Russian economy with the necessary space services.

And this is navigation, this is communication, data transmission, meteorological, geodetic information, etc. These are the most popular services today, without which one cannot imagine modern life, - said the new head of Roscosmos

It is also planned to continue the manned program in accordance with the planned approved plans. The main priorities will be made for the creation of a Russian orbital station. The scientific, deep space will not remain forgotten either.

Departure of Dmitry Rogozin. Appointment as CEO of Yuri Borisov

In July 2022, Dmitry Rogozin left the post of general director of Roscosmos. The corresponding decree was signed by the President of Russia on July 15, 2022. Rogozin's successor as general director of the Roscosmos State Corporation was Iouri Borisov, who previously served as Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation for the military-industrial complex. The decree on this was signed by the President of the Russian Federation on the same day. Read more here.

Roscosmos became part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

In early June 2022, the head of Roscosmos Dmitry Rogozin announced the formation of the state corporation as part of the Russian Armed Forces. According to him, the entire resource of the company's spacecraft is actively involved in the interests of the Ministry of Defense.

By the end of this [2022] year, industry enterprises will hand over several other new devices that will be very useful for our Armed Forces. Thus, we have actually already become, by and large, part of our Armed Forces, - said Dmitry Rogozin at the VIII final industry conference of heads and specialists of personnel management services of rocket and space industry organizations on June 2, 2022.

According to him, Roscosmos has "colossal technologies" that are directly related to "new generation wars." Rogozin stressed that the Russian Federation has an orbital grouping, which includes vehicles for navigation, communication, observation and relay.

As the head of Roscosmos noted, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation also has its own orbital constellation, but all Russian satellites are not enough to solve existing economic, social and security problems.

On May 7, 2022, Rogozin announced that Roscosmos had begun "mobilization training to expand the production of communications, spacecraft and combat missile systems."

In April 2022, in an interview with Rossiyskaya Gazeta, Dmitry Rogozin said that Roscosmos was forced to become a tougher structure working in the interests of the country's defense and security.

According to the publication "Vestnik GLONASS," by the beginning of June 2022, Russia has more than 160 civil and military spacecraft. At the same time, thousands of satellites were deployed against the Russian army in Ukraine.^[12]

Purchase of a controlling stake in Yaroslavl Radio Plant from AFK Sistema

As Dmitry Rogozin, general director of Roscosmos, said on March 14, 2022 in his Telegram channel, the state corporation acquired a controlling stake in Yaroslavsky Radio Plant from Sistema and included it in its Russian Space Systems space instrument holding. This deal, he said, has become a landmark event in the rocket and space industry, since thanks to it, the state corporation Roscosmos now has the ability to mass-produce space-based electronic equipment on its own. Read more here.

Roscosmos refuses to launch OneWeb satellites

On March 4, 2022, amid a special operation Russia on To Ukraine and the imposition of sanctions by the side, the head of USA Roscosmos Dmitry Rogozin said that the launch of Soyuz-2.1B with British communications satellites from the OneWeb Baikonur cosmodrome was canceled on March 5. It will also Roskosmos stop preparing for all next launches of OneWeb devices from the Kuru, Vostochny and Baikonur cosmodromes.

2021

Agreement with PSB on providing astronauts with a preferential mortgage at 0.1% per annum

On December 8, 2021, it became known that Promsvyazbank (PSB) and Roscosmos entered into an agreement, which implies the provision of a preferential mortgage for members of the Russian cosmonaut squad. The agreement was signed after the launch of the Soyuz-2.1a rocket with the Soyuz MS-20 manned spacecraft on December 8 from Baikonur. Read more here.

Resumption of tourist flights into space

On December 8, 2021, information appeared that Roscosmos resumed tourist flights into space. The successful launch of the Soyuz-2.1a launch vehicle with the Soyuz MS-20 manned spacecraft was carried out from the Baikonur cosmodrome. Read more here.

3 years of accident-free missile launches

On October 11, 2021, it became known that Roscosmos continues a series of accident-free missile launches for the third year in a row, which is a record in Russian history. During this time, 67 successful launches of space rockets manufactured at the state corporation enterprises were carried out from the Baikonur, Vostochny cosmodromes from the Guiana Space Center and from the Plesetsk military cosmodrome.

In the years since the accident on October 11, 2018, Russia has launched 32 launches from Baikonur, 21 from Plesetsk, seven from Vostochny and seven from the Kourou cosmodrome in French Guiana. For comparison, during the same period, 22 emergency space launches occurred in the world: nine in China, five in the United States, three in Iran, two in France and New Zealand, and one in India.

In May 2020, Russia broke the previous national record of 58 consecutive successful space launches, which was set between February 1992 and February 1993. In this direction, the state corporation has much to strive for - in Soviet times, a record was set of 185 consecutive successful space launches (from January 1983 to November 1984^[13].

Revenue - 17.46 billion rubles, profit - 292.6 million rubles

In 2020, the revenue of Roscosmos amounted to 17.46 billion rubles against 22.23 billion rubles a year earlier. Net profit in comparison with these periods decreased by about 42 times - from 12.5 billion to 292.6 million rubles. At the same time, it was previously reported about profit of 15.15 billion rubles at the end of 2020. The reasons for adjusting the indicator in the reporting of the state corporation are not reported.

In Roskosmos, a sharp reduction in net profit was associated with the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, namely, the costs of paying for non-working days and staff downtime, the costs of personal protective equipment and testing employees, as well as disinfection.

For organizations of the state corporation Roscosmos, the consequences of the pandemic were multibillion-dollar losses associated with a reduction in revenue and net profit from foreign contracts (about 25 billion rubles and more than 1 billion rubles, respectively), the report said.

The first deputy general director of Roscosmos for economics and finance, Maxim Ovchinnikov, said that the loss of profit was only "paper." It was caused by "revaluation of the state corporation-owned shares of enterprises in the process of their transfer to subsidiary holdings." Previously, they were taken into account at face value, but now they have fallen in price. Without revaluation, net profit amounted to 9.8 billion rubles, he said.

Another reason for the deterioration in financial performance is the postponement of contracts with foreign customers. Due to the pandemic, the only major private customer for rocket launches - the British company OneWeb postponed the supply of satellites.

According to Roscosmos, the total value of contracts concluded by the State Corporation and its organizations based on the results of purchases from small and medium-sized businesses in 2020 exceeded 36.6 billion rubles.^[14]

Election of Mikhail Khailov as Chairman of the Board of Directors of RKS

On August 4, 2021, Russian Space Systems (part of the Roscosmos State Corporation) announced that the RCS Board of Directors elected Mikhail Khailov, Deputy General Director for Space Complexes and Systems of the Roscosmos State Corporation, as Chairman of the Board. Read more here.

In turn, Alexander Bloshenko, Executive Director for Promising Programs and Science of the Roscosmos State Corporation, became Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors.

Earlier, the General Meeting of Shareholders of RKS elected the Board of Directors as follows:

• Mikhail Khailov, Deputy General Director for Space Complexes and Systems of the State Corporation Roscosmos,
• Alexander Bloshenko, Executive Director for Prospective Programs and Science of Roscosmos State Corporation,
• Konstantin Galiy, Deputy Director of the Digital Development Service of Roscosmos State Corporation,
• General Director of ORKK JSC Alexander Danilov,
• Executive Director for Finance of Roscosmos State Corporation Yury Polyakov,
• Irina Terentyeva, specialist of the Economic Security Department of Roscosmos State Corporation,
• Andrey Tyulin, General Director of Russian Space Systems JSC.

In February 2021, the Supervisory Board of Roscosmos approved the program of strategic transformations of space instrumentation enterprises and the decision to form a specialized holding on the basis of Russian Space Systems JSC. These decisions determine the future appearance of one of the most important components of the rocket and space industry in Russia: the structure will include industrial enterprises, research institutes, design bureaus, assembly industries and other organizations aimed at ensuring the complete import independence of the Russian rocket and space industry in the supply of micro-radio electronics products for space purposes and instrument making.

Memorandum of Cooperation for the Creation of the Association of the Largest Software and Equipment Consumers

On June 4, 2021, Gazprom Neft, Rosatom, Rostelecom and Roscosmos approved a memorandum of cooperation to create the Association of the Largest Software and Equipment Consumers. Cooperation between the largest technology companies from different industries is aimed at developing the Russian IT solutions market. Read more here.

Increase in cosmonaut salaries by 50-70%

On April 15, 2021, it became known about the increase in the salaries of astronauts in Russia. Thus, candidates will receive an average of 300 thousand rubles, which is 70% more than a year earlier, and experienced astronauts - more than 500 thousand rubles (+ 50%).

This was TASS told by the first deputy general director of Roscosmos for economics and finance Maxim Ovchinnikov. At the same time, he noted that the salaries of astronauts in Russia are still almost half as low as USA in or. In To Europe particular, astronauts NASA on average receive about $8-9 thousand, and astronauts - European Space Agency $7-8 thousand, said the first deputy head of Roscosmos.

On April 12, 2021, Russian President Vladimir Putin proposed to increase the official salary by 50% for those who flew into space and by 70% for those who are still preparing to fly. In addition, the head of state called for a review of the timing of tasks in the dynamically changing space industry. Putin also pointed to the need to analyze projects in the space industry and the implementation of all stages, broken down and financed by year.

By April 2021, there are about 30 people in the Roscosmos cosmonaut squad.^[15]

Reduction of 10 thousand jobs

On April 1, 2021, it became known about the reduction of 10 thousand jobs in Roskosmos over the past two years. Maxim Ovchinnikov, deputy general director of the state corporation for economics and finance, in a conversation with the Russia-24 TV channel, called this amount of personnel cleansing large, since in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, all questions about layoffs were paused.

It is noted that the liquidation of working positions was carried out as part of the reform of the industry.

We set ourselves goals to increase the economic efficiency of enterprises in the industry and the state corporation itself, "Ovchinnikov emphasized, adding that the reform also pays special attention to reducing overhead costs and creating thematic holdings.[16][17]

Rogozin reported 26 criminal cases due to corruption in Roskosmos

At the end of January 2021, the head of Roscosmos, Dmitry Rogozin, said that in 2.5 years the state corporation's internal audience service had prepared materials for initiating 26 criminal cases against high-ranking space industry officials who were accused of corruption.

This is a good result, which has already affected the recovery of all the work of Roscosmos enterprises... In fact, corruption is the main evil in any matter, and in fact, the country's defense capability is equal to betrayal, Rogozin wrote on his Facebook page.

In October 2020, the head of Roscosmos told TASS that since 2018, following the results of internal inspections, 22 criminal cases have been initiated. According to Rogozin, the internal audit service was created by him personally. It included the most experienced people from the prosecutor's office, a total of 12 people work in the service.

In 2020, the court of the city of Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory, found guilty four defendants in a criminal case on embezzlement of 25 million rubles during the construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome.

The president pointed out the disorder during the construction of the cosmodrome. Russia Vladimir Putin According to him, those involved "steal hundreds of millions," despite criminal cases and prison terms.

In turn, the head of the internal audit service of Roscosmos, Artem Melnikov, said that some space enterprises had committed thefts for decades. It was possible to solve crimes only under the new leadership of the corporation.

The Prosecutor General's Office also announced the identified large-scale embezzlement at the enterprises of Roscosmos. The state corporation noted that they facilitated inspections and transferred to the Prosecutor General's Office the data of the internal audit service of the state corporation. The head of the Investigative Committee of Russia, Alexander Bastrykin, said that we are talking about billions of dollars in embezzlement, which "does not show the edge."^[18]

2020

Launch of 140 spacecraft

At the end of September 2021, Roscosmos reported on the launch of 140 domestic and foreign spacecraft at the end of 2020. During this 12-month period, the state corporation provided 17 accident-free launches, of which two were launched as part of the GLONASS system development program, five commercial launches and three according to the plans of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

According to TASS with reference to the annual reports of Roscosmos, among 140 spacecraft launched in 2020, 18 of them are socio-economic devices, 119 are for commercial purposes, three are for military purposes.

Roscosmos announced the implementation of the state program by 63.9%: of the planned 83 events in 2020, 53 were completed. The state corporation separately presented data on three federal target programs (FTP) - on the federal space program (FCP) for 2016-2025, FTP "GLONASS" and "Development of cosmodromes." According to them, work on the PCF was carried out by 55.5% (ten out of 18 planned events), on the GLONASS satellite system - by 80% (16 out of 20 events) and on the development of cosmodromes - by 30.8% (eight out of 26 events).

According to Roscosmos, in 2020, his companies provided two launches of Russian missiles from the Kourou cosmodrome in French Guiana. In addition, when launching the Gonets-M spacecraft unit No. 16, a group of 19 small satellites was withdrawn as a passing payload.

Thus, the domestic orbital constellation at the end of 2020 amounted to 160 satellites (71 devices of socio-economic and scientific significance and 28 navigation satellites).

It is also reported that in 2020, the newly created ground-based space stations were put into operation: four regional and two central stations of the Gonets satellite communication system^[19]

Salaries of Russian cosmonauts

In April 2020, Russian cosmonaut Sergei Kud-Sverchkov named the approximate size of the cosmonaut's salaries: depending on experience, experience, positions and academic degrees, they can receive from 100,000 to 200,000 rubles a month. In December of the same year, Roscosmos also made a proposal to increase salaries. According to his project, payments for a candidate for cosmonauts will increase to 82,800 rubles, a flightless specialist - up to 86,800 rubles, and an astronaut-instructor - up to 120,300 rubles. The salary of the astronaut consists of an official salary, compensating part and incentive payments, noted in the corporation.

Decrease in the number of employees by 10.4 thousand

In November 2020, the deputy general director of Roscosmos for administrative and corporate issues, Ivan Kharchenko, in a conversation with TASS, said that the number of personnel in the rocket and space industry amounted to 170,500 people against 180,900 employees by May 2018. Thus, over two years, the number of employees decreased by 10.4 thousand. At the same time, according to Kharchenko, labor productivity during this time increased by 16%.

He noted that the reductions occurred on behalf of the general director of Roscosmos Dmitry Rogozin and the decision of the board of the state corporation. He stressed that the changes mainly affected non-production personnel. At the same time, the salaries of the deputy general directors of Roscosmos during this period decreased by an average of more than 25%.

The vicious practice of attracting so-called seconded workers has been suppressed. These are the people who were listed at the enterprises of the industry, but actually worked in the central office and performed the functions of officials. Taking into account these workers, the number of the industry management body decreased by 18%, - said the deputy head of the state corporation.

The Accounts Chamber found violations of 30 billion rubles in Roskosmos

The Accounts Chamber (JV) revealed violations in Roskosmos for tens of billions of rubles in 2020. The head of the department, Alexei Kudrin, announced this at a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin on March 23, 2021.

In Roscosmos, unfortunately, we again find violations of more than 30 billion rubles over the past year. These are of different qualities: somewhere accounting, somewhere there is inappropriate, somewhere there is a violation of funding standards, "Kudrin explained (his words are given on the Kremlin website).

According to him, violations were identified "in many programs of industry and others, including in state corporations, which serve as the chief manager of budget funds."

The Accounts Chamber postponed from 2020 to 2021 an audit of the effectiveness of spending budget funds by the Roscosmos Corporation, the RKS, the Progress RCC and the Lavochkin NGO as part of an audit of the state programs of the Russian Federation in the direction of "Innovative Development and Modernization of the Economy."

In addition, it is planned to check the targeted and effective use of federal budget funds allocated for the implementation of the federal targeted program "Maintenance, development and use of the GLONASS system for 2012-2020" under the state program "Space Activities of Russia" in Roskosmos.

We are planning new checks, of which there will be about 440, that is, even more than there were. We are increasing analytical checks that identify systemic problems, "said Alexei Kudrin.

Earlier, Vladimir Putin at a meeting on the development of the space industry demanded that the head of Roscosmos justify financing a number of expensive programs, including the development of a super-heavy missile system, the creation of a space group within the framework of the Sphere project, as well as the further development of the GLONASS system^[20]

Promsvyazbank buys Roscosmos Bank

At the end of August 2020, it became known about the sale of Roscosmosbank ("daughter" of Roscosmos) Promsvyazbank (PSB). The latter published on public procurement website results of the collection of applications for participation in the tender for the due dilligence for 50 million rubles of a credit institution. Read more here.

Start of development of technology for landing a ship on an asteroid

In early August 2020, it became known about the development of the technology for landing a spacecraft on an asteroid begun by Roscosmos. Read more here.

The Russian government has classified all state purchases of Roscosmos

At the end of July 2020, the Government of the Russian Federation classified all public procurement of Roscosmos. The corresponding draft resolution was signed by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin.

According to the document, when making purchases in the space sphere, closed methods of determining suppliers will be used. In particular, we are talking about work on the exploration and use of outer space, as well as contracts for the creation of space materials and space technologies.

In addition, suppliers or executors of work on the creation, modernization, supply, repair, service, use and disposal of space technology will be determined in a closed format.

The explanatory note to the draft government decree explains that foreign states analyze open data from Roscosmos contracts and identify government agencies that are under sanctions.

It is expected that the decree will be valid until July 1, 2021.

In early June 2020, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation proposed to classify the spending of not only Roscosmos, but also the Russian Guard and the Federal Security Service (FSO). While in Russia there are secret purchases of the Ministry of Defense, the FSB and the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR).

The introduction of closed public procurement for Roscosmos took place after the arrest in Moscow of the adviser to the head of the state corporation Ivan Safronov. He was suspected of treason: according to investigators, Safronov handed over secret data to the Czech special service.

In Roscosmos itself, it was repeatedly proposed to classify corporations, its subsidiaries and other organizations in the rocket and space industry. This would help improve information security, prevent third parties from accessing procurement information and help in the fight against sanctions against rocket and space industry organizations, Roscosmos believes^[21]

Detention of adviser to the head of Roscosmos Rogozin on suspicion of treason

On July 7, 2020, Ivan Safronov was detained by the investigating authorities on charges of high treason (Article 275 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The state corporation announced the arrest of the adviser to the head of Roscosmos Dmitry Rogozin on its website. Read more here.

RAS Space Council approves creation of reusable rocket

On May 1, 2020, it became known that the RAS Space Council approved the line of space missiles proposed by Roscosmos, including a reusable carrier, according to a decision of the RAS Space Council signed by Academy President Alexander Sergeyev.

To approve the main directions for the development of launch vehicles, including, in addition to those already developed, high-tech launch vehicles of the latest generation of various classes (ultralight, light, medium, heavy of increased carrying capacity, super heavy), including using promising fuels, materials, reusable stages and other design solutions, the document says.

So far, only SpaceXIlon Mask uses reusable stages for space launches.

Earlier it was reported that Roscosmos, together with the Foundation for Advanced Research, began to develop a reusable cruise missile of the ultralight class "Wing-SV," the developments of which in the future can be used in missiles of other classes. In the light class, Russia has Soyuz-2.1v and Angara-A1.2 missiles, on average - Soyuz-2, the Soyuz-5 rocket is being developed and the Soyuz-6 planned for development, Proton-M and Angara-A5 are in the heavy class. In the class of heavy carriers of increased load capacity, it is planned to develop the Angara-A5V. The development of the Yenisei and Don super-heavy missiles is underway. In addition, Roscosmos has repeatedly announced plans to create a methane rocket^[22] the^[23].

Roscosmos creates a center for remote sensing of the Earth for 1.38 billion rubles

On April 28, 2020, it became known about the creation by Roscosmos of a national center for remote sensing of the Earth. The state corporation allocated 1.38 billion rubles for this project, according to data on the public procurement website. Read more here.

OneWeb bankruptcy disrupts launch of 10 Russian missiles

The bankruptcy of OneWeb disrupts the launch of 10 Russian space rockets, the head of Roscosmos Dmitry Rogozin said on April 19, 2020. According to him, negotiations are underway with the British company.

Now we have received information that OneWeb is in a bankrupt state in this situation of an economic total crisis. Therefore, we do not yet understand whether we will be able to carry out ten more launches in the interests of this company, - Rogozin said on the air of Komsomolskaya Pravda radio.

He pointed out that four missiles and four booster units are already ready, but the further fate of the project depends on subsequent negotiations with OneWeb and Arianespace, which is the customer of the launches in the interests of the British company.

Rogozin says that if there are no launches, then Russia will suffer certain losses, since some of the missiles for this program are located at the Vostochny and Baikonur cosmodromes. By April 19, 2020, the preparation of satellites for launch is carried out by the combat crews of Roscosmos, which in any case (launches or not) are required to receive wages both for performing work and for forced downtime through no fault of their own, he explained.

Earlier, Roscosmos signed a contract with Arianespace for 21 commercial launches of 672 communications satellites of the OneWeb space system on Soyuz-2 launch vehicles with Fregat family acceleration units from the Baikonur, Vostochny and Kuru cosmodromes. The value of the contract is estimated at $1.2 billion. The first six telecommunications satellites were launched in February 2019 from a spaceport in French Guiana.

According to Ivan Moiseev, scientific director of the Space Policy Institute, due to the bankruptcy of OneWeb, the launch of rockets may be postponed for 6-12 months. At the same time, Roscosmos has already received from OneWeb the bulk of the funds under the contract for the launch of its satellites.

Dmitry Rogozin hopes that OneWeb will eventually find an investor and continue to cooperate.^[24]

Rogozin spoke about Russia's response to SpaceX dumping

Russia has found a way to respond to SpaceXIlon Musk's dumping in the launch services market by cutting prices by 30%, Roscosmos head Dmitry Rogozin said on Friday.

"Our proposed pricing procedure is, in fact, our response to dumping by American companies, which are funded by the US budget," he said in a report to the president.

According to Rogozin, the market price of launching a SpaceX rocket is approximately 60 million, dollars but NASA they cost 1.5-4 times more.

"To increase our presence in international markets, we are working to reduce the cost of launch services by more than 30%, reducing non-production costs and increasing the operational efficiency of the enterprise," the head of the corporation added.

Putin urged to strengthen its position in the global launch services market

Russia should strengthen its position in the global market for launch services, the means of withdrawal should be competitive, Russia President Vladimir Putin said on April 10.

The President stressed that on time at the Vostochny cosmodrome, infrastructure should be created for heavy-class and super-heavy missile systems. "The start of their flight tests is scheduled for 2023 and 2028, respectively," Putin said.

It is expected that in 2023 the first launch of the heavy Angara-A5 with the unmanned ship Oryol will take place from Vostochny, and a launch on the Yenisei super-heavy missile is scheduled for 2028.

2019

Net income growth of 56%

The net profit of Roscosmos at the end of 2019 increased by 56% compared to 2018. This is stated in the message of the state corporation, published after the meeting of the Supervisory Board held on August 25, 2020, chaired by Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Yuri Borisov.

What kind of profit was registered in 2019, Roskosmos did not specify. If we proceed from the fact that in 2018 net profit was measured at 9.71 billion rubles, then a year later it reached 15.15 billion rubles.

Speaking at a meeting of the supervisory board, First Deputy General Director of Roscosmos Maxim Ovchinnikov noted that the state corporation, as a separate legal entity, in 2019 fulfilled the revenue plan (it is also not called). In 2018, revenue amounted to 32.27 billion rubles against 27 billion rubles a year earlier.

Management expenses of Roscosmos in 2019 decreased by 13.5%. The revenue of Roscosmos subsidiaries in 2019 increased by 5%, labor productivity - by 7%. The average monthly salary in the industry increased by 6%, the press service of the state corporation reports.

At the meeting of the Supervisory Board, the consolidated financial plan of the state corporation Roscosmos for 2019 was approved, as well as the annual report and KPIs of Roscosmos and the most significant organizations of the state corporation. In addition, the Supervisory Board considered transactions involving the state corporation that require its approval.^[25]

The head of the state corporation Dmitry Rogozin reported to the president Russia Vladimir Putin that the consolidated revenue of Roscosmos in 2019 will grow to 444 billion rubles, compared with 352 billion rubles in 2018.

For the first time, we have a net consolidated profit, which this year, in 2019, we plan to quadruple. Labor productivity has also increased, Rogozin told the president in early February 2019.

Agreement with the Group of company Systematica on the basic principles of participation in the project for the creation of assembly production of spacecraft

On November 27, 2019, it became known that Gazprom Space Systems JSC and the state corporation Roscosmos signed an agreement on the basic principles of participation in the project to create an assembly production of spacecraft (SPKA). The document reflects the intention of Roscosmos to enter the authorized capital of Gazprom SPKA. Read more here.

Planning to increase the number of starts

On May 28, 2019, it became known that in 2019 Roskosmos"" plans to increase the number of launches (to 45 against 22 in 2018), which will insurance lead to a 2.5-fold increase in costs. Losses Russia from space accidents in 2010-2018 amounted to 35 billion. rubles

The budget for May 2019 is planned for space insurance in the amount of 680 million rubles, Interfax reports. But, due to the increase in the number of launches (especially those in which it is planned to withdraw expensive scientific devices), amendments have been made to the federal budget for 2019. And if these amendments are approved, then insurance costs will grow almost 2.5 times - up to 1.68 billion rubles.

As Interfax previously reported, in 2010-2018, space accidents caused damage to Russia in the amount of 35 billion rubles, of which insurance payments covered only 20 billion rubles. In the same period, the losses of Roscosmos from accidents during uninsured space launches amounted to 10.5 billion rubles.^[26]

Pentagon bans contracts with Russia to launch commercial satellites

The US Department of Defense has banned the use of Russia's services for commercial launches of American satellites from January 1, 2023. This was reported in May by Interfax with reference to a Pentagon document published in the Federal Register. The list, which added Russia, already included China, DPRK, Iran, Syria and Sudan.

The document emphasizes that "new restrictions are being introduced regarding satellites and means of launching into orbit to provide satellite communications services." In addition, it explains that it Pentagon prohibits contracts with foreign countries for commercial satellite services, since transactions of this kind "would create an unacceptable risk in the field" cyber security for. USA

Roscosmos reacted to the new restrictions, saying that they would not cause significant damage to the domestic space industry. "Restricting the use of our services threatens those who use these services," said Sergey Krikalev, executive director of Roscosmos.

Experiment on "growing" artificial beef in a 3D bioprinter on the ISS

On February 28, 2019, it became known that a joint experiment by Roscosmos and a 3D bioprinting laboratory on the "cultivation" of artificial beef, salmon and bluefin tuna is planned for October 2019 on the ISS. Read more here.

2017

Roscosmos and S7 will build an orbital cosmodrome

The S7 group of companies, which owns the Sea Launch floating cosmodrome and aviation assets, and the Roscosmos state corporation agreed in November 2017 to build an orbital cosmodrome in Earth orbit together. This multifunctional orbital complex is supposed to be used for assembling and refueling spacecraft, sending them to other near-Earth orbits, as well as for flights to the Moon and Mars. According to experts, this public-private partnership can change the rocket and space industry in our country. For more information, see S7 Space Transport Systems.

Roscosmos is preparing a plan for the development of the corporation for 30 years in advance

Roscosmos began developing a strategy for the development of the state corporation until 2050. The document is being developed by the Interdepartmental Analytical Center, the services of which will cost Roscosmos more than 17 million rubles. According to Izvestia, the program should be prepared by November 2017.

The document should present road maps to increase the commercial efficiency of various segments of the state corporation's activities - both existing and those that can be developed in the future. In particular, Roscosmos intends to find at least two potentially profitable new markets for Russia.

The prospects for the development of the communication and broadcasting segment should also be reflected in the program being developed. Analysts should make proposals to expand the product line with a forecast of their life cycle. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the possible impact of global factors on the market.

2016

Roscosmos profit in 2016 will amount to 3.2 billion rubles

Compared to 2015, the net profit of the state corporation Roscosmos in 2016 will grow by 56% and amount to 3.2 billion rubles.

In addition, it is noted that Roscosmos has begun work on a five-party project on joint use in the interests of the BRICS countries of the orbital groupings of DZZ satellites and the corresponding ground infrastructure, as well as the creation of a data exchange mechanism to solve the problems of climate change, major natural disasters and environmental protection.

Start of design of the new superheavy rocket

In August 2016, the Economics Today agency reported that Roscosmos had begun designing a new super-heavy rocket, which is planned to be created on the basis of existing RD-171 engines. The new rocket should replace the Angara-based superheavy rocket in the lunar program.

It was reported that Roscosmos will use the reserve received during the implementation of the Energia-Buran project. It was then that the RD-171 engine was developed, which in 2016 is considered an unsurpassed achievement in the field of liquid engine building. It is assumed that the use of existing technological solutions will significantly save time and money. The creation of a super-heavy rocket with a carrying capacity of 80 tons is possible in 5-7 years. It is planned that in the next modifications of the rocket, the weight of the payload will grow to 160 tons.

According to Andrei Ionin, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics, the desire to create a super-heavy carrier from existing elements is a step in the right direction. Ivan Moiseev, head of the Space Policy Institute, has a different opinion:

"I regard the decision to make a rocket from existing elements as erroneous, because by and large it is not needed - tasks are not set for it, the prospect of a manned flight to the moon, for which it can be useful, goes beyond the planning horizon, beyond the horizon of our knowledge about the economy and the needs of the future. When we get closer to this deadline, then we will need to choose a carrier. We also have a negative experience in creating superheavy carriers. N-1 did not fly at all in the 1970s. "Energy" made two flights, after which it turned out to be unnecessary, there were no payloads for it^[27].

As the expert notes in a conversation with Economics Today, now we have vast experience in docking and working in space, so it is cheaper and more reliable to assemble a heavy structure in space - refuel, test, test, and then send it to the moon.

"Nevertheless, it must be said that the elements of creating a super-heavy carrier are included in the program for the development of manned cosmonautics for 10 years, but we are talking about individual blocks, about their study. In my opinion, these costs look inefficient. When it comes to the real creation of launch vehicles, the technological and economic situation will differ from today's, "the expert suggests

.

2015

Abolition of the Federal Space Agency

On December 28, 2015, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree "On the Abolition of the Federal Space Agency."

According to the decree, the presidential acts determining the authority of the agency in the established field of activity are now applied to the state corporation for space activities Roscosmos.

By the same decree, the Russian government was instructed to "ensure the continuity of the implementation of the powers and functions of the abolished Federal Space Agency transferred to the state corporation Roscosmos.

The government must carry out liquidation procedures and provide the agency's released employees with guarantees and compensation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The decree comes into force on January 1, 2016.

Audit of the Accounts Chamber confirmed the low level of financial management of Roscosmos

According to the results of the audit of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation in the spring of 2015, the execution of the federal budget for the expenses of Roscosmos for 2014 (open part) amounted to 139.8 billion rubles, or 85.4% of the planned volumes. The allocated budget funds in the amount of 22.4 billion rubles. were not used to finance the construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome facilities. The money was not transferred to contractors due to non-performance of construction and installation work.

The expenses of Roscosmos under the implemented state and federal target programs in 2014 amounted to 139.2 billion rubles. That's 99.6% of all agency spending.

In 2014, Roscosmos accounts receivable increased by RUB 18.9 billion or 11% and amounted to RUB 189.6 billion as of January 1, 2015, which is comparable to the amount of annual financing. Such a significant debt was formed due to the provision of advances to organizations and institutions in the amount of 80% of the price of the state contract, the poor quality of budget planning, characterized by spending the bulk of the appropriations in the 4th quarter, as well as insufficient control over the fulfillment of contractual obligations of contractors.

The total amount of financial violations of Roscosmos identified by the Accounts Chamber amounted to 92.9 billion rubles. The audit established the facts of gross violation of accounting, which entailed a distortion of the indicators of the budget statements: the balance sheet, the report on the financial results of operations and information about the movement of non-financial assets.

A significant amount of violations is associated with the spending of budget funds for research and development (R&D ). The largest part of the funds of Roscosmos was directed specifically to these state contracts - about 80.5 billion rubles. Violations, in particular, are associated with the lack of accounting for intangible assets, prototypes and tangible values ​ ​ obtained as a result of R&D.

In 2014, in violation of the established accounting standards, the actual R&D expenses of Roscosmos in the amount of RUB 71.6 billion were incorrectly recorded in the accounts (instead of the account "Investments in non-financial assets," they were allocated to the account "Expenses of the current financial year," i.e. to the financial result). For each R&D individually, costs were also not taken into account. The following indicators were missing from R&D budget reporting:

• result of operation (positive or negative);
• possibility of obtaining a patent;
• availability of prototypes;
• acquisition of material assets, etc.

Moreover, intangible assets (patent, certificate), prototypes and tangible values ​ ​ were not put on accounting. The agency lacked documents that confirm the transfer of assets created as a result of R&D to third parties. As of January 1, 2015, 198 intellectual property objects were assigned to Roscosmos, while these rights were not listed on the balance sheet.

This poor quality of accounting for R&D results does not exclude the reuse by organizations of scientific developments of previous years as reports in the execution of newly concluded government contracts. This situation can also lead to losses of material assets created and acquired as a result of R&D and to the loss of the rights of the Russian Federation to the results of intellectual activity.

Roscosmos made an unreasonable write-off from the balance sheets of costs for the construction of six spacecraft GLONASS"" in the amount of 5.9 billion rubles. There were no supporting documents on the transfer of the right to GLONASS spacecraft to third parties in Roscosmos, and there was also no information that the spacecraft were out of order or their operation was impossible.

Significant violations were revealed in the execution by Roscosmos of budget allocations for the implementation of budget investments and the provision of subsidies for the implementation of capital investments in real estate objects.

In 2014, in violation of the Budget Code, Roscosmos made capital investments in the amount of RUB 3.7 billion in three properties state that were not included in the FAIP for 2014 and for the planning period 2015 and 2016. More than 100 agreements on the participation of the Russian Federation in the ownership of the investee were concluded in violation of the deadline. Despite the decision of the Federal Property Management Agency to increase the authorized fund of 4 federal state unitary enterprises in the balance sheet of Roscosmos, expenditures on budget investments in the amount of 3.2 billion rubles. on the accounting account "Financial investments" have not yet been reflected.

There is no information on the actual increase in authorized funds in the agency. In addition, as of January 1, 2015, Roscosmos's balance sheet includes funds totaling RUB 2.7 billion listed in 2009-2011 to 11 federal state unitary enterprises that are currently incorporated. This situation indicates the risks of loss of assets during the privatization of enterprises.

Roscosmos does not monitor the legality and efficiency of spending budget investments, in particular, for the construction, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of facilities, provided for by the terms of agreements on the participation of the Russian Federation in the ownership of the investment subject. Thus, no acts of confirmation of the work performed for the current fiscal year with joint-stock companies were signed under any relevant agreement. The amount of work "accepted" in 2014 without signing the certificates amounted to 6.7 billion rubles. Also, under no agreement on the participation of the Russian Federation in the ownership of the subject of investments, a report on the achievement of efficiency indicators by the developer was not provided. At the same time, Roscosmos did not apply the penalties provided for by the terms of the contracts. The estimated amount of fines is 4.9 billion rubles.

Violations were established in the implementation of budgetary investments in the ownership of OJSC "Scientific and Production Association" Energomash named after Academician V.P. Glushko. "By order of the Government, it was established that budgetary allocations were sent" in order to finance the construction of a residential building for employees of this organization. " In fact, budget investments in the amount of 192.5 million rubles. were directed to the construction of a garage and a 16-story hotel building.

It was established that the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the complex of structures of the simulator and test base of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Yu.A. Gagarin Research Institute" is carried out with gross violations of urban planning and supervisory standards, in fact, in the absence of relevant design and working documentation. As of January 1, 2015, federal budget expenditures for reconstruction have already amounted to almost 530 million rubles.

Significant violations of Roscosmos and when managing state property. Thus, in violation of the requirements of the law, the right of ownership of the Russian Federation for 610 objects, the right of permanent use for 38 land plots, the right of operational management for 270 objects and the right of economic management for 307 objects were not registered. The register of federal property does not include information on the ownership of the Russian Federation in relation to at least 200 real estate objects, on the right of operational management and economic management of 434 real estate objects and on the right of permanent use or the right to lease 50 land plots.

According to all the comments of the Accounts Chamber, Roscosmos is currently working to eliminate violations, the Agency will inform the control body about its results in the near future. The Accounts Chamber hopes that the new leadership of Roscosmos will promptly eliminate the identified shortcomings.

Based on the results of the audit, it was decided to send a submission to the Federal Space Agency, an appeal to the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, information letters to Rosstat and the Federal Property Management Agency, as well as an opinion to the Federation Council and the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

2013: New Rocket and Space Industry Management Structure

On December 2, 2013, Vladimir Putin signed a decree "On the control system of the rocket and space industry," in accordance with which the United Rocket and Space Corporation OJSC will be created.

The scheme of the new organizational structure of the rocket and space industry will include Roscosmos as a federal executive body and OJSC United Rocket and Space Corporation, which will take over the functions of the general contractor and focus on the execution of the state order.

2012: ExoMars: Plan to launch interplanetary station to Mars

On April 6, 2012, it became known that the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and the European Space Agency (ESA) until the end of 2012. will sign an agreement on joint participation in the ExoMars project^[28]

The corresponding agreement was reached at a meeting in Moscow between the head of the Russian agency Vladimir Popovkin and ESA Director General Jean-Jacques Dordin. Both sides considered that the project of sending an interplanetary station to Mars was being implemented and was of joint scientific interest.

In 2011, an American agency was going to develop the rover with Europeans, NASA but it refused to participate in the project due to budget cuts.

The ExoMars project provides for the study of the atmosphere of the Red Planet. It is assumed that Russia will provide a JSC «Proton» rocket and a battery for the lander, which will deliver the Pasteur rover to the planet. He will take soil samples and look for traces of life on Mars.

1956-1999: Russia leads the United States in space

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1989: Transportation of the Buran on a Mriya plane

1984

1982

1975: Soyuz 19 spacecraft launch

1970

1967: First ever landing on another planet

1966

1965: First ever human spacewalk

1961: Yuri Gagarin is the first man in space

On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in world history to fly into outer space. The Raketa carrier with the Vostok-1 ship carrying Gagarin was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome. After 108 minutes of flight, Gagarin successfully landed in the Saratov region, near Engels.

1960: Squirrel and Arrow return first from space

1957

Laika is the first living creature in Earth's orbit

On November 3, 1957, the second artificial Earth satellite was launched.

On board the Sputnik-2 was the dog Laika, about 2 years old, which became the first living creature to be launched into Earth's orbit.

The world's first artificial Earth satellite

1951: Experiments with Dogs

On August 15, 1951, the dogs Mishka and Chizhik made their first flight on a R-1B rocket.

They were taken to the launch site of the training ground at night. They went through pre-flight training calmly. At dawn, the rocket launched without any problems. After 18 minutes, a parachute appeared in the sky. Despite the instructions, the launch participants rushed to the landing site. Dogs freed from trays and sensors felt great, caressed, despite the fact that they had recently experienced severe overloads. After the previous unsuccessful launch of Desik and Fox, the researchers hoped that the test program would continue.

See also

• History of Russia

Notes