Labor market in Russia

Russian economy

Main article: Russian economy

Working age population

2024: 76.1 million people

The demand for labor in Russia in 2024 reached a historical peak and continues to grow.

Opportunities to expand labor supply are limited by negative demographic trends.

2017: 76.4 million people or 52% of the population

In July 2017, the working-age population of Russia amounted to 76.4 million people, including the number of citizens aged 15-72 years - 76.3 million people (52% of the total population of the country).

In the early 2010s, the World Bank allowed three scenarios for reducing the working-age population of Russia. The reality turned out to be worse than the darkest of them.

In the total employed population, 31.9 million people (44.3%) were full-time (excluding part-time employees) employees of organizations not related to small businesses. On part-time terms and under civil law contracts, another 1.4 million people were attracted to work in these organizations.

Employment structure

2023: Rising share of female CEOs

Russian business is slowly moving towards gender equality in governance. This was announced on March 7, 2024 by Kommersant.

According to a survey of personnel agencies, it turned out that only a small part of large Russian companies are ready to see women in the position of CEO. At the same time, the share of women managers in small and medium-sized businesses is growing.

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Unsplash

Data from recruitment agencies also indicate that women have become more likely to occupy managerial positions, but the growth rate of the number of women in positions of top managers is slower than in average managerial positions. For example, according to UTEAM, in 2023 the share of women who received offers from an employer for a management position was 34%. At the same time, in 2021, this share was only 23%.

Many employers, who a few years ago directly said that only men are considering the role of directors, no longer set such a condition, said UTEAM CEO Anna Krylova.

Krylova also noted that the most closed industries for women managers are construction, production and production of raw materials. Most women in managing positions in the restaurant business, retail, to trade healthcare, marketing and advertising.

According to Natalia Shcherbakova, Director of Sales and Marketing at ANCOR, the movement towards gender equality is primarily caused by a shortage of qualified personnel in the labor market. But this movement is noticeable mainly at the middle level. According to experts interviewed by Kommersant, this is due to the fact that former chief engineers or production directors are often taken to the CEO position, and these positions are associated with difficult and often physical labor and therefore are mainly occupied by men.^[1]

2022

Due to the increase in the retirement age, the labor market in 2018-2022. received an additional 1.7 million employees

Due to the increase in the retirement age, the labor market in 2018-2022. received an additional 1.7 million workers, most of whom were able to find a job. This is stated in the RANEPA report published in early October 2023.

As Kommersant writes with reference to this study, raising the retirement age contributed to an increase in the level of participation in the labor force of older Russians. For women 55-59 years old, this figure increased by 12.8 pp, for 60-64-year-old men - by 10.6 pp. The economic activity of 60-61-year-old men over the past four years has grown by 17-19 pp, 55-56-year-old women - by 17-18 pp.

Due to the increase in the retirement age, the labor market in 2018-2022. received an additional 1.7 million employees

In the absence of pension reform, the labor market could face a shortage of labor, said Viktor Lyashok, an expert at the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting of the RANEPA. In the next five years, the labor force may grow by another 2 million people, he added in early October 2023.

According to the calculations of the Center for Labor Studies of the Higher School of Economics, the impact of raising the retirement age on the labor market was somewhat weaker, due to the fact that most older people continued to work after retirement even before the reform. As a result, while the indicators of the level of participation in the labor force of women aged 55-56 years and men aged 60-61 years increased by 10-15 percentage points (pp), the increase in the labor force in 2020-2021. amounted to only 700 thousand people.

The head of the Committee on Labor and Employment of St. Petersburg Dmitry Cherneyko noted that the shortage of personnel "forces employers to refuse discrimination in hiring." According to him, Russians who belong to the group of pre-retirees can find work relatively easily. They show great interest in retraining - this is the second category in terms of involvement in educational events of the Demography national project, Cherneiko added.^[2]

The proportion of employees aged 65 or more - above 5%

Data for 2022

The number of working youth in Russia has decreased to a minimum

The number of working Russians under the age of 35 from December 2021 to December 2022 decreased by 1.33 million people and reached a minimum of 21.5 million. This is about 29.8% of all those employed in the Russian labor market. The number of employees under 30 decreased by 802 thousand, or 6.9%, to 10.8 million people, which is 14.9% of all employees. FinExpertiza analysts reported this with reference to Rosstat data on April 11, 2023.

The number of employees aged 25 to 29 years decreased especially significantly in 2022 - by 724 thousand, to 7.2 million. This is an important category for the economy of young specialists who have already gained professional experience and at the same time have high labor mobility. Born in the crisis period of 1993-1997 fell into this age category.

The number of employees 30-34 years old (born in 1988-1992), that is, quite experienced specialists with high efficiency, decreased by 524 thousand, to 10.7 million. In 2021, the number of workers in this age cohort increased. However, from 2022, this group was increasingly formed by those born at the beginning of the demographic crisis of the 90s. As a result, there are fewer workers of this age.

The main reason for the aging workforce is a demographic problem. However, in addition to this, the shortage of workers under 35 is associated with higher unemployment rates in young groups. So, if by the end of 2022 unemployment on average in the country was 3.7%, then in the group of 20-24 years - 12.5%, in the group of 25-29-years - 4.8%, among 30-34-year-olds - 4.4%, for older ages it was already 2.9% and lower. In addition, the outflow of the population affects the decline in the number of young workers: young specialists prevail among migrating from the country.^[3]

The share of unofficially working Russians has reached a minimum in 11 years

The share of unofficially working Russians reached a minimum in 11 years - in 2022 it amounted to 18.6% of the total labor force, and in 2011 the figure was 18.5% (13 million people). This is evidenced by the data Rosstat released at the end of March 2023.

As explained by Sheets"," citizens employed by individuals or in companies without the status of a legal entity are considered informally employed. This category, in addition to representatives of the gray sector, who work without registration of labor relations, includes self-employed individual entrepreneurs and their employees. In 2022, the number of Russians employed in the informal sector of the economy amounted to 13.4 million people, which is 1.2 million less than a year earlier. In 2020, there were 14.1 million people (20% of the total labor force in the Russian Federation), in 2021 - 14.6 million (20.3%).

Informal employment in the Russian market reached a minimum in 11 years

The highest percentage of informal employment in 2022 was recorded in Ingushetia (54%), Dagestan (51%) and Kabardino-Balkaria (48%). Most often, such employees are engaged in trade and repair of vehicles (29% each), in agriculture and forestry (16%), in transport and storage (11%). For most of them, this job is the only source of income.

Vice-Rector of the Financial University under the Government, Alexander Safonov, among the reasons for the reduction in informal employment, called the reduction in real incomes of the population: with a lack of funds, people consume less goods and services and suffer primarily from farmers, repairmen, drivers and other workers.

During periods of decline in economic activity, the reduction in the number of people employed in the informal sector of the economy is logical and occurs largely due to a decrease in demand due to the "protective" savings model, including for goods and, most importantly, services employed in the informal sector, - said Victoria Pavlyushina, head of the Economy and Social Development Department of the CSR.[4]

2021: The number of employees from 20 to 29 years in the Russian Federation decreased by 460 thousand people

The number of young people working in Russia aged 20 to 29 years per year decreased by 460 thousand people. This was reported on January 13, 2022 by the audit and consulting company FinExpertiza.

Experts compared the situation in the personnel market as of September 2021 relative to the same month in 2020. During this time, the number of workers under the age of 30 decreased by 433 thousand people. At the same time, the total number of employees during the same period increased by 1.84 million and amounted to 72.3 million.

According to analysts, the trend with a decrease in the number of young workers has been observed since the early 2010s, when people born during the demographic boom of the 1980s began to move to another age category. After that, a demographic hole followed in the 90s, by 2021 the number of young workers was decreasing.

The number of employees from 20 to 29 years in the Russian Federation decreased by 460 thousand people

The main reduction in workers occurred in the age group of 25-29 years (born in the crisis period of 1992-1996) - by 452.5 thousand people. Employed at the age of 20-24 years has decreased by 8 thousand. At the same time, the number of employees of the youngest age category, 15-19 years old, increased by 26.8 thousand people - the generation of zero began to enter the market.

Many yesterday's students and novice specialists find themselves in a kind of trap, - notes the president of FinExpertiza Elena Trubnikova. According to her, this is due to low salaries and lack of qualifications.

Unemployment in the group of 20-24 years by September 2021 amounted to 15.4%, and in the group of 25-29 years - 5%, which is still higher than the market average of 4.3%.

In Russia, as in no other European country, the potential for increasing labor productivity is high, but the economy has long been "built on the use of cheap labor, which means that there was no motivation for the use of modern technologies," said Alexander Safonov, professor at the Financial University under the government, in an interview with RBC.

Now business will have to hastily think about modernizing production, especially in those areas where young labor is needed and where it will not be possible to close personnel gaps by raising the retirement age, he concluded.[5]

2019: Russia has 2.4 million officials or 3.3% of those employed

According to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the number of officials in Russia in 2019 is 2.4 million people, i.e. for every 10 thousand Russians there are 163 state and municipal employees, as well as other employees of state and municipal bodies.

This is 3.3% of the number of people employed in the economy.

2000-2015: Dynamics of employment structure

The structure of employment in Russia changed ​​Kak, 2000-2015.

Unified platform for posting vacancies in Russia

Main article: Unified platform for posting vacancies in Russia

Unified Register of Digital Employment Platforms

Main article: Register of Digital Employment Platforms

Register of employers who have revealed facts of illegal employment

Main article: Register of employers whose facts of illegal employment were revealed

Career guidance

Main article: Career guidance

Salaries and pensions

• Salaries in Russia

• Pensions in Russia
• Non-state pension funds

Personnel (national project)

Main article: Personnel (national project)

Productivity

Main article: Labor productivity in Russia

Working hours

2023

Average working week in Russia - 38 hours 12 minutes

The working hours of Russians have reached a maximum over the past 11 years. This became known in August 2024 from the data of Rosstat. In 2023, the average length of the working week in the country was 38 hours 12 minutes, which is equivalent to 7 hours 38 minutes of work daily for a five-day working week. This figure is a record since 2014. For the first time in the entire observation period, women in Russia also crossed the mark of 37 hours a week, while in men this figure remains stable at the level of 39 hours 12 minutes.

According to Vedomosti, Rosstat provided data for the first quarter of 2024, which show that on average, from January to March 2024, Russians worked 38 hours 28 minutes a week. Despite the increase in average working hours, the proportion of those who process more than 40 hours a week decreased to 4.5% in 2023 compared to 4.7% in 2022 and 5.8% in 2021. In the first quarter of 2024, this share was 4.15%.

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Freepik

According to Rosstat, one of the most labor-intensive sectors of the economy in terms of the duration of work in 2023 was the transportation and storage sector, where the average working time was 39 hours 18 minutes per week. In second place were trade workers, mechanics and manufacturing workers, who worked an average of 39 hours 6 minutes a week. The leaders in terms of working hours were machine operators, drivers and assemblers who worked up to 39.5 hours a week.

According to the representative of the Ministry of Labor, the duration of working time varies depending on the industry, and the growth of this indicator is influenced by the high utilization of production capacities. Among the main factors are the withdrawal of employees from part-time working hours and the reduction of downtime at work. These changes are especially noticeable in industries where enterprises work in several shifts to meet the needs of the front.^[6]

The average working day in Russia reached a maximum of 19 years - 7.17 hours

According to the results, the average working day in Russia reached a maximum of 19 years - 7.17 hours. This is four minutes higher than the previous year, according to Rosstat data published in early March 2024. The previous record was recorded in 2019. Then the figure was 7.15 hours.

According to RBC with reference to the materials of the department, the average duration of working time in terms of one employee increased by 17.3 hours in 2023, to 1.77 thousand hours. The longest working day in 2023 was for fishermen (8.21 hours), administrators (7.61 hours) and those employed in the extraction of metal ores (7.6 hours). Also, the leaders were doctors, drivers of public transport and employees of the public administration and military security industry, according to Rosstat.

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RBC

The All-Russian Research Institute of Labor of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation told the publication that the increase in the duration of average working time is due to the high load of production capacities. Also, small growth is associated with the exit of workers from part-time work and the minimization of production downtime.

The increase in working hours in 2023 was predicted and is primarily associated with a shortage of personnel with low labor productivity, says Alexander Safonov, professor at the Financial University under the government.

Records for worked man-hours are associated with part-time work of many employees of large enterprises. This is a natural response of companies to the lack of personnel: they simply could not provide full-fledged work in another way, "the expert noted, adding that processing and an increase in working hours is one of the negative trends in the modern employment market[7]

2010: More than 3.9% of workers work 60 or more hours per week

Data for 2015 Data for China - for 2009, for Russia - for 2010, for India - for 2011

How often Russians change jobs

Two-thirds of Russians changed their jobs from 2008 to 2010, writes Rossiyskaya Gazeta, citing a study by the Higher School of Economics. According to the publication, residents of Russia are employed in a new place more often than Europeans, but this has a rather positive effect on the economy.

In 2011, the average length of service was 8.5 years, while in Germany - 11 years. 7.7 million people (more than 11 percent of the total employed population) worked at the place of their current main work for less than a year, and 700 thousand of them for less than a month^[8].

Only those whose work experience is 15 or more years remain in one workplace for a long time. At the same time, women are less likely to regularly change jobs than men.

In this regard, the Russian labor market is more like the American than the European one. The newspaper notes that too strong state guarantees and tariff agreements tie Europeans to the workplace. This creates difficulties for the employment of young people, whose unemployment in the EU is twice as high as in the United States.

In Russia, the flexibility of the labor force allows it to flow freely from less developed to more dynamic sectors of the economy, which increases its innovative potential.

Unemployment in Russia

Шаблон:Main 'Unemployment in Russia

Labor migration in Russia

2023: Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation published a list of professions in which foreigners can work

In December 2023, the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation published an updated list of professions in which foreigners can work without quotas. The list includes 160 specialties, including IT developers, electronic engineers and an editor. The latter profession is included in the list at the request of the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation.

According to Elena Tsunaeva, First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Labor, Social Policy and Veterans Affairs, economically developed countries often practice attracting highly qualified foreign specialists, but Russia is still losing international competition in this area. As Tsunaeva explained to Izvestia, in order to interest foreign personnel, it will be necessary to revise the conditions for voluntary resettlement. In addition, it is necessary to more clearly define specific objective requirements for education, work experience, qualifications and skills of a foreign employee, she said.

The Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation has published an updated list of professions in which foreigners can work without quotas

Associate Professor of the Department Human Resources Management GUU Ekaterina Kashtanova sees the need for foreign specialists primarily in those regions Russia where high-tech industries are actively being built in order to reduce dependence on imports. They also help to more easily develop new business connections, she added.

According to Yegor Sorokin, Director of the Department of Business Development and Higher Education Programs of the Skillfactory School of IT Professions, it will be expensive for companies in Russia to attract already trained employees to work in complex industries. For example, professionals in the nuclear and shipbuilding industries will most likely have to be outbid, he said.

Russia is considered as an attractive country that provides quality education for residents, for example, from East Asia,, Bangladesh India North Africa, some countries of Central and Latin America, Sorokin added.[9]

Appendix to the Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated May 15, 2023 No. 459n

2022: The number of Russians who moved to another region to earn money reached a minimum in 8 years - 2.64 million people

The number of Russians who moved to another region to earn money in 2022 reached a minimum in 8 years - 2.64 million people. This is 7.4% less compared to 2021. Experts from the FinExpertiza audit and consulting network, based on Rosstat data, presented such figures in early May 2023.

Most often in 2022, residents of the Moscow Region (18.5% of all employees), Adygea (18%), Leningrad Region (15.7%), Chuvashia (12.9%), Mari El (12.1%), Kalmykia (10.3%) left for earnings in other regions.

The centers of attraction of the labor force were mainly the northern territories and large economically developed cities. The largest number of labor resources was attracted by the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (34.9%), the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (20.8%), the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (19.9%). Moscow is in fourth place in terms of the number of citizens coming to work (18.6%). St. Petersburg attracts 6.6% of employees and is in ninth place.

The Russian labor market as a whole is characterized by low mobility, said Elena Trubnikova from FinExpertiza. Most of the labor resources are drawn to Moscow and other major cities. According to the expert, such a concentration of qualified personnel makes it difficult to develop other regions of the country.

Trubnikova said that among those leaving their region for the sake of earnings, the share of young people is higher, while people over 45 are much less ready to move. Men are more likely to leave than women. A typical portrait of a domestic Russian labor migrant is a specialist with a higher education or a qualified worker living in the city.

Specialists from all over Russia, who decided to change the region for the sake of career prospects and higher salaries, go to the Moscow agglomeration and St. Petersburg for employment on an ongoing basis, while the North attracts seasonal high earnings, having received which, workers return to "more land," the study says.[10]

Foreigners in the Russian labor market (expats)

Шаблон:Main 'Expats in Russia
According to the Federal Migration Service, more and more expats enter Russia every year: in 2011. compared to 2010. The inflow of qualified foreign specialists increased by 40%, and permits for work in a simplified manner were issued to such persons by 3.5 times more than in 2010. Also, Russia, according to a study by HSBC, continues to be one of the five most attractive countries for expats^[11]

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Business trips in Russia

Main article: Business trips in Russia

Industry Labor Markets

• Labor market in Russia (IT and telecom)

• Labor market in Russia (medicine)

Supply and Demand

2024: Demand for space law lawyers rises 54%

In Russia, over the past two years, the number of published vacancies for lawyers specializing in space law has grown by 54%. This is stated in a study by the Russian online recruiting platform hh.ru and the educational platform Moscow Digital School, which is part of Ultimate Education. Experts believe that such an increase is associated with a growing interest in cosmonautics in Russia, an increase in the number of private aerospace companies, the development of the telecom industry and changes in the international political and economic sphere. Ultimate Education announced this on April 12, 2024.

According to Nikolai Bychkov, leading legal adviser to the intellectual property practice of the EBR law firm and an expert at the Moscow Digital School, Russia has a noticeable increase in the importance of the space industry for the country's development

The President of the Russian Federation instructed the government to develop a national project for space development by July 1, 2024. In addition, the turnover of telecommunications companies in Russia increased by 9.7% by the end of 2023, reaching 2.6 trillion rubles according to Rosstat. In this regard, the demand for lawyers specializing in the legal regulation of space activities is also growing, the expert noted.

Specialists in space law are most To Moscow in demand in and - Moscow region St. Petersburg they account for the predominant (over half) vacancy rate compared to other regions. Nevertheless, in 2023, in some regions, such as,,,,, the Sverdlovsk Novosibirsk Omsk Tver region Krasnodar Territory Altai Republic and the Republic, there Khakassia was a demand for specialists in space law. If two years ago companies in these regions did not show interest in this profession, then in 2023 the demand for lawyers who understand the regulation of the space industry grew by an average of 80%.

For example, for April 2024, the issues of space insurance are very relevant, when some private company is engaged in development for space exploration or launches spacecraft. There are several types of insurance in the industry: some of them cover risks during preparation for takeoff, during the launch of the ship and during the flight; other insurance covers liability for damage to third parties, their property and health, the expert said.

Among the requirements for applicants, employers often distinguish skills in the field of contract law, experience with full documentary support, knowledge of corporate law, procurement legislation, and understanding copyright. The ability to interact with state regulatory authorities, have experience in conducting claims work, representing the interests of the customer in arbitration and courts of general jurisdiction is required. In addition, lawyers need to have "soft skills," such as the ability to negotiate successfully, effective business communication and the ability to work as a team.

Lawyers specializing in space law for April 2024 are the most popular specialists in the financial, heavy engineering, information and technological, telecommunications and state spheres. It marks the largest number of vacancies.

2023

Named regions of Russia with the greatest shortage of personnel

On February 20, 2024, FinExpertiza analysts published a study from which the Russian regions with the greatest shortage of personnel became known.

According to the results of 2023, experts noted the largest shortage of personnel in the country in the Tula region - there were 20.6 vacancies per applicant. The top 5 regions in terms of demand for employees also included the Nizhny Novgorod region (12.7 vacancies per applicant), the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (11.3 vacancies) and the Amur Region (10.9 vacancies). The least open vacancies were counted in Ingushetia (0.01 vacancies for each applicant to employment centers), Chechnya (0.03 vacancies), Dagestan (0.2 vacancies), Tuve (0.2 vacancies) and North Ossetia (0.6 vacancies).

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FinExpertiza

According to the President of FinExpertiza Elena Trubnikova, there are practically no unused labor resources left, and the existing personnel shortage is not only quantitative, but also qualitative: the economy is in dire need of qualified specialists who have nowhere to take in a short time.

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FinExpertiza

At the moment, enterprises are trying to compete for a limited personnel resource by starting a salary race... For the economy in the medium term, it is impossible to fully overcome the quantitative shortage of personnel, so the only solution is an increase in labor productivity, as well as optimization of business processes. And to improve the qualifications of a fairly large workforce engaged in low-skilled labor is possible through the development of a professional retraining system, she explained.

FinExpertiza notes that the personnel reserve of non-employed, but actively looking for work citizens by the end of 2023 decreased to a record low: the number of unemployed Russians relative to the number of open vacancies decreased to 1 to 4.^[12]

The economy needs 2.3 million workers

The Russian economy needs a record 2.3 million workers, according to Rosstat data published at the end of December 2023.

In public administration and defense - the deficit was 365,000 workers. The insufficient number of personnel is associated with the rapid growth of the Russian economy, when many enterprises expand the production and provision of services.

The decision in September 2022 to call on 300,000 reservists to participate in a special operation in Ukraine caused an outflow of hundreds of thousands of Russians seeking to avoid participation in hostilities. Many were young professionals whose departures temporarily exacerbated labor market tensions.

Later, the government began to rely mainly on volunteers, offering them 210,000 rubles a month. Some 490,000 people served in the military under contract in 2023, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said. According to him, more than one and a half thousand applications for service are received weekly in the army.

Ministry of Construction: Construction industry lacks 200,000 workers

At the end of February 2023, the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation estimated the shortage of specialists in the construction market at 200 thousand people. As the head of the departmental personnel center Elena Senkevich noted, this figure is "as close as possible to reality." Read more here.

2022: Demand for specialists with knowledge of Chinese increased by 70%

In 2022, the demand for employees with knowledge of the Chinese language in Russia increased by 70% compared to 2021. This was announced at the end of March 2023 in the recruiting service HeadHunter.

For 2022, 7.6 thousand proposals were posted on HeadHunter with a requirement regarding mastery of the Chinese language. Specialists most often look for vacancies in translators and teachers, while companies are more in demand for professions from the field of transport and logistics, production and sales.

Demand for employees with knowledge of Chinese increased by 40%

The growth in demand for specialists with knowledge of Chinese was also noted by the SuperJob job search portal, writes RBC. According to them, in 2022 the number of such vacancies doubled. Chinese became the second most popular language in the labor market after English.

According to a HeadHunter study, the salary fork for "Sinists" in the range from 50 thousand to 90 thousand rubles is indicated in half of the vacancies. On average, workers with knowledge of Chinese themselves want to receive 70 thousand rubles. Moreover, the highest requests from applicants from Moscow (about 134 thousand rubles), and the most modest - from Kazan (58 thousand rubles).

According to SuperJob, on average, mastery of Chinese increases a specialist's earnings by 18% (as does mastery of English). The difference in the income of purchasing managers is especially noticeable: if those who do not own Chinese earn on average from 70 thousand to 110 thousand rubles, then their colleagues who have mastered this language receive from 90 thousand to 150 thousand rubles.

In January 2023, HeadHunter noted a reduction in the number of vacancies from Russian employers in 2022, where compulsory knowledge of European languages ​ ​ is required. So there was a noticeable drop in interest in the French language (by 24%), Portuguese (-25%), Spanish (-27%) and especially Italian (-44%).^[13]

2021

76% of employers reported a serious personnel shortage in their industries

One of the main results of 2021 in the Russian labor market was its growth. The companies remembered the personnel needs postponed a year earlier and began to actively look for employees, which is why a shortage of qualified specialists was recorded in almost all key industries. Other factors are also associated with this: a change in staff turnover, a change in priorities among professionals and the problem of retaining valuable specialists. The international recruiting company Hays Russia in presents an overview of the opinions of employers and professionals on the situation in the labor market. The study involved 4896 respondents: 2595 hiring managers and 2301 employees from Russia and. countries CIS This became known on December 20, 2021.

Only 7% of employers report a decrease in staff turnover in 2021. The percentage of companies in which this indicator remained at the level of the previous year and increased is comparable - 48% and 45%, respectively.

The vast majority of executives agree that their industry has a shortage of professionals. 35% say about the lack of personnel in the industry as a whole, and 41% say that there is a shortage of only specialists with rare functions. And only 24% of employers experience no difficulties in finding employees and believe that there are enough professionals in their industry.

Most of all, agriculture is experiencing a shortage of personnel - 78% of respondents noted a shortage of a variety of professionals; Extractive industry - 50%, metallurgy - 50%, IT industry - 49%, chemical production - 48%.

Companies are taking various measures to combat the shortage of personnel. The most popular measures are such as filling vacant positions with their own employees - 46% (41% in 2020), hiring interns and "growing" them within the company - 41% (16% in 2020), attracting specialists from other regions - 41% (6% in 2020), from other industries - 24% (8% in 2020). 5% of employers are ready to attract expats with the necessary competencies (3% in 2020), and 20% of study participants reported an increase in recruitment costs (7% in 2020).

Employers also use this method of retaining employees who want to leave as counter-proposals. Among the areas where companies are ready to retain specialists, IT (38%), sales (37%), top management (34%), production (21%), marketing and PR (19%) are leading. Counter-proposals to their employees in 2021 were made by 54% of employers, in most cases (94%) this helped to keep professionals in their previous places.

The companies also named a number of material and intangible factors with which they are trying to attract candidates. The top 5 material factors included competitive salary (67%), medical insurance (including family members) and compensation for private medicine costs in excess of insurance (52%), compensation for mobile expenses (communication 39%), provision, and smartphones tablets other gadgets (33%) and life and health insurance (32%). Also, candidates are offered compensation for food costs, increased vacation, individual rewards (for length of service, etc.), gifts and much more.

The top 5 intangible ways to attract specialists looks like this:

• career opportunity (58%),
• company stability in the market (55%),
• interesting functionality (50%),
• remote work capability (43%)
• convenient location (43%).

Also, many distinguish a friendly corporate culture, flexible hours, a comfortable office and the fame of the employer. 25% of employers focus on the ability to observe work-life balance when working in a company (in 2020 there were only 14% of them).

56% of specialists speak of their intention to change their place of work. 39% are satisfied with the current employer, and 9% believe that the end of 2021 is not the right time to find a job and it is better to stay in the old place.

For the sake of preserving work, the surveyed professionals are ready to recycle and take on additional duties (17%), work all the time only from the office (11%), refuse the social package partially (6%) or completely (2%). But most are not ready to sacrifice something: 27% said they would better find another place, and 30% intend to defend their rights without quitting.

Among those who wanted to change their place of work in 2021, only 30% received counter-proposals from employers. Less than half (45%) were satisfied with the offer and remained in the old place.

Many professionals note that recently they have had some reassessment of the system of factors that influence the decision to choose a place of work, material factors have become more significant. The most popular material factors included: competitive wages (91%, in 2020 - 76%), health insurance (including family members) and compensation for private medicine costs over insurance (60%), 100% sick leave (52%), individual remuneration (42%), increased vacation (34%) and compensation for mobile phone costs (34%).

Of the intangible factors, interesting functionality/projects are most often called (69%, a year earlier - 37%), career prospects (67%, in 2020 - 31%), the identity of the head of the company (63%), friendly corporate culture (56%, a year ago - 26%), stability and reputation of the company in the market (54%, in 2020 was 30%) and the presence of a transparent system of promotion criteria (52%).

As you can see, by the end of 2021, an ambiguous situation has developed on the labor market. On the one hand, employers definitely talk about a shortage of professional personnel, they are ready to take measures to retain existing specialists and attract new ones. On the other hand, the views of employers and candidates on the priority system differ markedly, "said Olga Chamber, Operations Director of Hays International Recruiting Company. - In the medium term, companies will have to look for new ways to interact with candidates and current employees, understand how to motivate them, build more flexible relationships and learn to interact with employees and candidates in conditions of greater freedom.

Increase in demand for specialists in the field of recruitment and management of personnel over 10 months by 3 times

Analysts hh.ru and cloudy CRM systems Talantix assessed the market for vacancies in the field Human Resources Management and HR for 10 months of 2021 and found that the demand for specialists in the field of recruitment and personnel management with knowledge of HR automation systems increased almost 3 times compared to the same period in 2020.

A study by hh.ru and Talantix found that one in five HR vacancies from retailers and IT companies had a requirement for knowledge of digital recruitment solutions. This condition is indicated in every tenth vacancy for HR from companies in the financial sector, in the field of B2B services and consulting.

In total, from January to October 2021, Russian companies opened about 5.8 thousand vacancies, one of the requirements in which the ability to use personnel selection automation systems was indicated to future candidates. During the same period of 2020, about 2 thousand such vacancies were published.

In general, the need for HR specialists in Russian business also shows positive dynamics. In just 10 months of 2021, Russian companies placed 230 thousand vacancies in the field of HR and personnel management.

Most of all, the need for HR specialists with digital skills is observed in the IT industry (out of 31 thousand vacancies, 19% indicate knowledge of HR automation), retail (out of 34.8 thousand vacancies, 18% - a mandatory requirement for work in CRM systems for selection). In the field of transportation and logistics - out of 10.7 thousand vacancies, 11% indicated knowledge of ATS systems for recruitment, in the financial sector - out of 12.2 thousand vacancies, 9% indicated knowledge of HR automation, in the field of services for business - out of 23 thousand vacancies in 9%.

In the construction industry, with 15.6 thousand vacancies published, 6% of them indicate the requirement to work with HR services.

{{quote 'author=said Marina Hadina, Development Director of Talantix.|The pandemic forced the company to conduct a serious audit of the selection processes and make it truly digital. IT companies and retail are leaders in mastering HR automation tools, as they compete more sharply for candidates and increase the speed of closing their vacancies. In order to maintain the efficiency of hiring, they are the first among all to digitize the process using HR automation systems, change job requirements, first analyze, and then change the hiring process so that it is competitive, and are very attentive to hiring analytics. In addition, in both segments, the business is involved in the selection team at the earliest possible stages of selection in order to reduce the stage and time of selection, and the availability of a convenient modern tool with analytics helps them in this. I am sure that the trend will continue to intensify and in 2022 will spread even more to other industries and we will increasingly meet the requirements for the presence of digital skills in HR in an increasing number of vacancies in different areas and territories, }}

Least of all, the demand for specialists with knowledge of HR automation is still observed in housing and communal services, the mining industry, power, metallurgy, in companies engaged in the production of industrial equipment and heavy engineering. The share of open vacancies in HR with knowledge of technological services barely reaches 1% with the average number of open vacancies in 10 months - about 2 thousand in each industry.

The rating of regions is headed by Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Moscow region. About a third of all vacancies in the HR sector are posted here, and half of them are with the mandatory requirement of knowledge of HR automation.

This is followed by Yekaterinburg, Rostov-on-Don, Novosibirsk, Krasnodar Territory, Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh. Each region accounts for an average of 3-4% of vacancies, among which only about 3% require digital skills from specialists.

On average, 2% of vacancies fall on Samara, Tatarstan, Volgograd and Chelyabinsk, the demand for experts with knowledge of HR automation barely reaches 2% of the total number of vacancies opened in the HR industry.

In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, with a fairly high demand for selection specialists, the requirement for digital skills is indicated in only 1% of open vacancies. In Tver, with a small number of vacancies (only 0.7% of the total), the demand for specialists with digital competencies is at the same level as in such large regions as Krasnoyarsk, Chelyabinsk and Volgograd.

* Analyzed impersonal data of Russian companies that published vacancies in the hh.ru in the field of "Personnel management, trainings" from January to October 2021 and indicated one of the requirements knowledge of CRM systems for HR automation: Talantix, Skillaz, Potok, FriendWork, HuntFlow, E-Staff or Hurm

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For 7 years, the number of people working in warehouses in Moscow and Moscow region has tripled thanks to online stores

By June 2021, about 131 thousand people were employed in the warehouse sector of Moscow and the Moscow Region, against 43 thousand by mid-2013. This is evidenced by CBRE data released in November 2021.

According to analysts, the demand for speech therapy in linear personnel will only grow, given that over eight years the volume of space for such facilities has increased 2.3 times and reached 14.3 million square meters. m.

The growth of e-commerce caused a shortage of personnel in speech therapy

The main driver of the growth in demand for labor in warehouses is Internet retailers. By mid-June 2021, relative to the one and a half year ago, these companies increased the area of ​ ​ their warehouses by 533%, to 1.75 million square meters . m. Online sellers accounted for 8% of all existing speech therapy facilities and this infrastructure serves 58 thousand people - this is almost half of the total number of personnel involved in all speech therapy facilities. This is due to the fact that e-commerce requires more employees to assemble orders, said Anton Alyabyev, senior director of the warehouse and industrial real estate department at CBRE.

According to him, if the warehouse of an offline retailer or production company requires about 6 people per 1,000 square meters . m, then in fulfillment centers - 50 employees.

Ghelamco Commercial Director Alexander Perfiliev believes that all e-commerce market players need to hire at least 80 thousand people to service their warehouses, which is problematic in a pandemic and a shortage of workers.

Perfiliev noted that the personnel shortage has already led to a struggle for personnel in speech therapy between tenants from among traditional retail, logicians and industrial manufacturers with online retailers. 

As the owner of one of the warehouses told Kommersant, in order to exclude the flow of personnel working inside one warehouse complex, a clause is added to the lease agreement stating that it is impossible to lure workers from neighbors.^[14]

2012

According to a Superjob study, in January 2012, despite the long New Year holidays, the activity of labor market players quickly recovered. In the first month of 2012, employers posted 8.7% more vacancies and job seekers posted 15.6% more CVs than in December.

In terms of the volume of vacancies placed in January compared to the previous month, the sphere of public service is in the lead (plus 40.8%). The leader in the number of vacancies placed is the sales sector (21.9% of all vacancies), in second place - industry (9.2%), in third - construction (7.4%). The most active in finding work were service workers (+ 30% resume), in second place were specialists in tourism and restaurant affairs (+ 29.5%), in third - insurers (+ 29%).

As for the field of information technology and telecom, the picture here is more stable. In January, the increase in vacancies in this category was only 4.5%, much below average. The number of resumes in this category increased by 15.6%. The supply-to-demand ratio in the IT category was 3.2, meaning that competition in the market remains within reason. For comparison, in the most competitive sector of the civil service, this figure is 40, in second place are lawyers - 15.6 resumes per vacancy.

Supply-demand ratio in the Russian labour market in certain industries 

Source: Superjob.ru, January 2012 

Regional IT personnel markets in Moscow and St. Petersburg differ from the all-Russian one, but not sharply. For example, in Moscow, the increase in vacancies in IT is higher than the all-Russian one - 6.4%, and the increase in resumes is lower - 11.4%, the supply/demand ratio was 2.3. In St. Petersburg, in this category, the increase in vacancies, on the contrary, is lower than Russian, it amounted to 3.9%, and the increase in resume is 16.1%, the supply/demand ratio is 3.8. Among IT specialties, only programmers were included in the rating of employers' requests in Moscow and St. Petersburg, they took 11th place in both cities.

Salary dynamics according to Superjob salary index, 2010-2011

Source: Superjob/ru, January 2012 

The dynamics of wages in January remained stable: the level of salary offers did not change. As for the results of 2011, according to Superjob.ru, salaries in the IT sector have increased, but not as significantly as in others. The Superjob salary index, which has been calculated since October 2008 and its initial value is 100, indicates that for the year IT wages increased from 103.3 to 107.2. A much larger increase was noted in the HR sector, in the banking market and in the field of advertising and marketing.

2013: Russia enters the "top ten" in terms of recruitment rates

While in Europe there is a significant decline in recruiting activity, Russia is confidently holding among world leaders in terms of the rate of recruitment of personnel. According to the information obtained during the next Survey of global trends in hiring and staff reductions, conducted by the recruiting companies Antal Russia (Antal Rasha, Antal Talents) and Antal International, Russia ranks 8th.

Over the past year, recruiting activity around the world has declined markedly. In April 2012, the global average for hiring managers was 55%, by August this figure fell to 51%, and by the end of the year it no longer exceeded 47%.

Despite the global trend in Russia, the level of demand for highly qualified specialists continues to be consistently high. Approximately 63% of companies were looking for middle and senior managers in December 2012, and 62% are going to hire them during the first quarter of 2013. In addition, the stability of the labor market is evidenced by a noticeable decrease in the pace of personnel reductions. If at the end of 2012 the 34% of companies reported that they were cutting employees, then in the first quarter of 2013 only 28% declare their intentions to reduce the staff.

Sales and marketing specialists remain the most popular employees. In 2013, 60% of companies are going to hire them. About 25% of employers are interested in recruiting specialists in the field of supply chain management and production personnel, 22% are lacking in accountants and tax specialists.

According to the data obtained, the largest recruiting activity in the near future will be noticeable in the pharmaceutical, manufacturing and banking sectors. "Developed Western economies are in recession, which is why many foreign companies have paid close attention to emerging markets, including the Russian one. Here they see the potential for further growth, as well as an opportunity to offset the losses they suffer in Europe. Russian companies are also actively developing and constantly need professionals, "comments Michael Germershausen, Managing Director of Antal Russia.

Employee leave

2023: The number of Russians on vacation at their own expense reached its maximum in 10 years

The number of Russians on vacation at their own expense in July-September 2023 reached a maximum in 10 years - 3.44 million people. This is 4% more than in the same period of 2022. Such data are given in a study that FinExpertiza analysts published on December 18, 2023.

According to the report, in the third quarter of 2023, the largest number of vacationers at their own expense increased in the field of construction (+ 14%), scientific and technical activities (+ 7%), health care and education (+ 6%). FinExpertiza notes that the number of employees less than 40 hours a week at the initiative of the employer (or by agreement of the parties) in the third quarter of 2023 was estimated at 1 million people, which is 50 thousand less than in 2022.

Experts believe that the increase in the number of vacationers at their own expense against the background of a decrease in the number of employees in idle hours may indicate an increase in the problem of hidden unemployment. That is, in a difficult economic situation, it is more profitable for the employer to force workers to go on vacation without pay than to pay for downtime.

But on the other hand, according to analysts, the jump in the number of vacations at their own expense may indicate an increase in overtime work in companies, which employees are trying to compensate for with time off. And to get into the statistics of vacations without saving your salary, it is enough to go on a day off.

According to FinExpertiza, a total of 4.6 million people, or 13.7% of employees of large and medium-sized enterprises, worked part-time for some time (were on idle, unpaid leave or worked at a reduced rate). The highest level of partial employment was noted in the Perm Territory (18.3%), St. Petersburg (17.7%), Chelyabinsk Region (16.7%), Mari El (16.2%) and Crimea (15.8%).^[15]

The most dangerous professions. Mortality

Job and profession satisfaction

2019: Russia among the leaders in the balance of work and life

Index of satisfaction with the work-life balance (balance of work and life), 2019]]

Estimated: the number of hours employees spend (not) at work, the percentage of people who stay at work, and other factors.

The rating includes 38 countries. In the top - the Netherlands, Italy, and Denmark. Russia is in 12th place.

The balance is felt not only by employees who go home on time, but also by those who: a) loves his work; b) grows and develops on it. The data was presented by an OECD study.

2011: Architects and programmers are satisfied with the profession the most

In January 2011, the research center of the recruiting portal Superjob found out which professions among Russians are most satisfied with their work. According to the center, when choosing a profession, not only high wages play a significant role for Russians, but also the desire for implementation in a certain area, to which "the soul lies."

As it turned out, the most successful in this regard are architects. According to 64% of modern architects, unequivocally satisfied with what they are doing, most of all in the once chosen profession they are impressed by the possibility of realizing creative potential and decent earnings.

Programmers (61%) turned out to be the second most satisfied with their profession, the main priorities of which are also adequate remuneration and sincere interest in work.

The third place in the rating was shared by doctors and personnel (57% each). "It is worth noting that many representatives of these professions have slightly different reasons for considering themselves satisfied with the chosen profession. Thus, many doctors call their activities nothing more than a vocation and God's craft. Personnel managers are satisfied with the profession, since it allows them to communicate with people, participating in the training of staff and the formation of a microclimate in the work team, "the study says.

About half of the estimators, designers, marketers and lawyers were also satisfied with their work. Similar results for foremen, auditors, brand managers and accountants. Slightly lower (40-45%) are among analysts, system administrators, regional representatives and nurses, skilled workers, handymen and psychologists.

Among the professions, whose representatives are often not satisfied with the chosen type of activity, tourism managers, sales representatives and banking operators prevail. Almost the same number of dissatisfied people are observed in the camp of office managers, civil servants and economists. The main reasons why respondents cannot call themselves satisfied with their own profession are the routine in their work, the inability to show initiative and difficulties with moving up the career ladder.

Small business of Russia

Main article: Small business of Russia

IP (individual entrepreneur)

Main article: individual entrepreneur (individual entrepreneur)

Self-employment

Main article: Self-employment

Recruitment, Staffing and Outsourcing

Main article: Recruitment, provision of personnel and outsourcing (Russian market)

Remote work

Main article: Remote work in Russia

See also

Labor market in the countries of the world (IT and telecom)

Notes