Labor market in Russia (IT and telecom)

Salaries of programmers in Russia

Main article: Salaries of programmers in Russia

Recruitment in IT companies

Main article: Recruitment in IT companies

Outstaffing and smartstaffing

Main article: Outstaffing and smartstaffing

2024

The number of vacancies in the field of satellite communications in Russia increased by 1768%

The number of vacancies in the field of satellite communications in Russia in the first five months of 2024 increased by 1768%, which is a significant increase against the background of the general dynamics in telecommunications. This data was provided on June 7, 2024 by analysts at HeadHunter. Read more here.

Boris Nuraliev ordered 1C partners to use the "medieval" method of growing specialists from Junes

Despite the fact that the admission of students to universities for IT specialties has grown in recent years, the shortage of IT professionals in the market remains. At the same time, the number of teachers remains insufficient, and universities are ready to accept them. Against this background, the founder and director of 1C Boris Nuraliev at a conference in Nizhny Novgorod on May 22, 2024 called on IT companies and customers with IT staff to train students themselves.

Boris Nuraliev urges IT companies and customers who have IT staff to send their full-time specialists to teach at universities

There are a lot of junies on the market now, and this is a chance, the head of 1C believes. As part of the state program, hundreds of thousands of children were taught to program. 1C itself also teaches children - about 13 thousand a year, and other large IT companies, including Yandex and Sberbank, have similar programs. Children were taught a lot, but still this is a low level, they need to be finished to real specialists, implementers.

For additional education, the "medieval method" is usually used - to take yourself as an apprentice: a specialist can take only one person for training, six months or a year he must be "trained," "transfer a particle of soul to him." Then he may also leave. But there are no other ways, says Boris Nuraliev.

His call to all colleagues in the market - both IT companies and customers who have IT staff - to send their full-time specialists to teach at universities, and maybe even to technical schools. It is not very expensive: to send one specialist who will spend half a day a week, lead a group, select promising students, lure them for a paid internship. Thus, you can get good specialists from some of them.

1C itself has basic departments at Fiztech, HSE and a number of other universities. The company has been following this path for a long time, and now for its partners with the status "1C: ERP Center" and "1C Competence Center: KORP," it has made this a responsibility.

If you want you to have this "badge," then you need to train at least 50 students a year, take 5 people for internships, "says the founder of 1C.

At the same time, the partner will receive compensation from 1C in the amount of 50% of the trainee's remuneration fund for one year of his work from the moment of admission to an internship, provided that the trainee continued to work with the partner this year. But for this, in addition to teaching a student and accepting him for a paid internship, one more condition must be met: within a year from the beginning of the internship, he must pass the exam for the 1C: Specialist certificate for the 1C: Enterprise platform or the 1C: Specialist Consultant certificate for 1C: ERP.

The need for 1C specialists has recently increased significantly, being spurred by the transition of large and medium-sized Russian companies from imported ERP systems to domestic ones after the departure of Western vendors from Russia.

On average, a person works as a 1C specialist for 10 years. Someone immediately leaves for the chiefs, someone on conscription into the army or somewhere else. It turns out that in order to maintain a pool of 300 thousand 1C specialists on the market, 30 thousand new personnel are needed annually. This is a large figure, states Boris Nuraliev.

In 2022, to increase the number of "1C" personnel on the market, the company also launched a special line of retraining courses for specialists in foreign ERP systems.

There are 2.3 million IT specialists in Russia. The share of self-employed reached 20%

By the beginning of 2024, about 2.3 million IT specialists were employed in Russia. Of these, self-employed account for 20%. This is evidenced by the data of the Association of Computer and Information Technology Enterprises (APKIT), published in mid-May 2024.

As Kommersant writes with reference to the APKIT study, the share of IT specialists among all employed citizens in Russia by the beginning of 2024 is 3.1%. In 2020, there were 1.8 million IT workers in the country, of which 1% are self-employed.

By the beginning of 2024, about 2.3 million IT specialists were employed in Russia

According to market participants interviewed by the publication, self-employment became popular even in the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, and after the start of the Russian military special operation in Ukraine, it turned out to be easier and more profitable for Russian companies to hire such employees, especially those living abroad.

APKIT Director Nikolai Komlev associates the increase in the number of self-employed with a lack of qualified personnel: experienced employees work for several companies at once.

Now it is difficult to determine from which country a self-employed employee works, but I will assume that the majority conduct their activities from Russia, "Komlev told the newspaper.

Ksenia Zamukhoskaya, HR Director of Postgres Professional, believes that the specialists themselves prefer to work as self-employed, since in this case the organization that hired them does not need to submit documents on the military registration of an employee, while when employed in the state, a citizen "falls into the field of view of various regulatory authorities."

According to experts, if the authorities force companies to return the self-employed to hiring, business costs will increase by 20-30%.

The Ministry of Digital Development notes that the number of self-employed is growing almost evenly in all sectors of the economy. In the IT field, specialists choose self-employment, because this is how they can work from home and combine projects.

According to APKIT forecasts, by 2030 the required number of qualified personnel in IT will grow by 56%, to 3.6 million people.^[1]

The largest IT companies are beginning to return top specialists to Russia. Emigration comes to naught

Against the background of information that appeared in the media in April about the growing interest of Russian IT specialists in obtaining a residence permit in other countries, TAdviser interviewed representatives of a number of well-known IT companies to find out what dynamics in the field of personnel outflow they see. Most of the surveyed experts, based on their own observations and from communication with market colleagues, say that there is no increase in emigration, and some, on the contrary, note a trend towards the return of IT specialists to Russia. Read more here.

2023

The number of employees of IT companies in Russia in 4 years has grown 1.5 times - the head of the Ministry of Digital Development Maksut Shadayev

The number of employees of IT companies in Russia over 4 years has grown 1.5 times. The Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media Maksut Shadayev announced this on April 17, 2024 following a meeting with members of the government with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

There were many fears that we had exhausted personnel opportunities to build up the potential of the developers of our leading, but in general they increased their number by 1.5 times, - said the head of the Ministry of Digital Development (quoted by Interfax).

The number of IT specialists continues to grow in Russia

He also noted that the average salary in the Russian IT industry for four years increased 1.7 times and reached 155 thousand rubles in 2023. This shows that there is demand, there is where to grow, Shadayev emphasized.

Apparently, he cited data from the Institute for Statistical Research and Knowledge Economics of the Higher School of Economics, which were released earlier in April 2024. According to this study, the average salary of IT specialists in the Russian Federation at the end of 2023 increased by 13.3% compared to the previous year. According to experts for 2019-2023, the number of IT industry workers is growing at double-digit rates annually. Only in May-July 2022 there was a short-term decline, but by October of the same year the market made up for minor losses. The average salary in the IT industry is twice the average for the Russian economy. The IT market leads among large sectors of the economy in terms of the growth rate of the number of employees and wages for 2019-2023, the report says.

On April 17, 2024, Maksut Shadayev announced that Russian developers of IT solutions could receive new measures of state support, which should contribute to a further increase in the number of information technology specialists in Russia. At the same time, the minister did not specify what new initiatives are being ^[2]

Growth in the number of IT specialists by 13% to 857,000 people

The number of IT specialists Russia in 2023 increased by 13% compared to 2022 and reached 857 thousand people. This is evidenced by the data Rosstat that the Russian Federation Ministry of Digital Development led in response to the appearance in the media of information about a new wave of mass departure of IT specialists.

The Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation reported that in 2023 the average salary of specialists in the field of information technology in Russia increased by 13% compared to a year ago. The ministry stressed that the IT industry is one of the fastest growing in the country, all its economic indicators demonstrate double-digit growth rates. According to Ministry of Digital Development estimates, the volume of shipment of its own products and services, which is the most significant indicator of the state of the industry, in 2023 increased by more than 30% and reached 3 trillion rubles.

The number of IT specialists in Russia in 2023 increased by 13%

On April 5, 2024, the Kommersant newspaper published an article in which, citing data from the consulting agency Garant In, the demand for Russian IT specialists for programs for obtaining a residence permit in Europe sharply increased in early 2024. So, in the first quarter of 2024, the number of requests increased by 233%. According to Garant In, in 2023, the demand of Russian IT specialists for residence permits in Europe increased by 44%, and about 80% of applications were for documents in France and 10% in Italy.

The Ministry of Digital Development does not confirm the data that appeared in the media about the massive departure of IT specialists, the department said on April 5, 2024, adding that in 2023 there is no outflow of IT specialists.

The Ministry of Digital Development also added that two-thirds of the IT specialists who left Russia in 2022 returned by April 2024. At the same time, absolute figures in the department did not lead.^[3]

Chernyshenko named the number of employees in the IT industry - more than 820 thousand people

On December 4, 2023, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko named the number of employees in the Russian IT industry - there are more than 820 thousand of them. According to forecasts of the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, this number will only grow.

Chernyshenko cited such data speaking at an event of the V.P. Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISP RAS), dedicated to the 75th anniversary of domestic information technologies. He noted that the government supports the IT sphere comprehensively. According to the Deputy Prime Minister, highly qualified specialists are being trained to implement the tasks.

IT specialties this year have become one of the most popular among applicants to Russian universities. Of course, the development of such a knowledge-intensive digital sphere is impossible without fundamental research. In order for Russia to remain a leading IT power, synergy of the efforts of science, business and the state is needed, - said Dmitry Chernyshenko in early December 2023.

The fact that more than 800 thousand programmers work in Russia, Dmitry Chernyshenko said in mid-September 2023 in his congratulations on the Day of the Programmer. Then he noted that thanks to IT specialists, Russia entered the top 10 of the World Bank's digitalization rating. By September 2023, Russian universities were trained in 63 specialized IT specialties, the Deputy Prime Minister noted.

Earlier in 2023, the Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media Maksut Shadayev said that the need for specialists still remains, "although the personnel base of the industry is also increasing." Shadayev estimated the shortage of developers of IT solutions at 500-700 thousand people - so much, according to the head of the Ministry of Digital Development, is needed "in order to maintain high rates of industry development."^[4]

The number of AI vacancies in Russia soared by 80%

The number of vacancies in the field of artificial intelligence in Russia by October 2023 increased by 80% compared to October 2022. Over the same period, the growth of vacancies in the field of machine learning amounted to 21%. The HeadHunter portal cited such data in its market research.

Most AI specialists are in demand in IT companies and system integrators. In addition, telecom giants and financial sector companies (especially banks) need professionals in the field of artificial intelligence. The most popular specialties are machine learning engineer, digital project architect and data markup specialist.

According to experts interviewed by Kommersant, the growth in demand for specialists began in the spring of 2023, and then the trend continued. It is believed that this is due to the launch of a number of large companies products based on generative AI.

According to HH.ru, the median salary offer for an AI specialist amounted to 114.4 thousand rubles per month, and machine learning specialists are offered more on average - about 155 thousand rubles. At the same time, companies note that salary expectations of highly qualified personnel are growing much faster than paid offers. Thus, MTS announced an increase of 20-30%, VK - 10-30%.

The salary fork has also increased, says Tatyana Zobnina, head of the data analysis and machine learning department at NAUMEN:

If earlier the scope between the minimum and the maximum in vacancies was about 50-70 thousand rubles, now it can reach 200 thousand rubles.

Lack of personnel in the sphere leads to incomplete configuration of project teams. Due to the low supply of good personnel, large companies buy specialists for a salary exceeding the market by 1.7-2 times. In addition, the business is starting to apply new hiring practices, such as further training, said Dmitry Krasovsky, director of the Digital Academy of T1.^[5]

Demand for Huawei equipment maintenance specialists has sharply increased in Russia

On November 23, 2023, it became known that Russia due to the current geopolitical situation, a shortage of equipment maintenance specialists was formed. Huawei Domestic companies require employees to work with servers, systems () data storage DSS and telecommunications products of the named Chinese manufacturer. More. here

IT jobs market up 18% in a year

At the beginning of autumn, the job market for IT specialists shows positive dynamics - in September 2022 hh.ru , 64 thousand vacancies were opened on the portal, and in September 2023, companies placed 76 thousand vacancies. About how the demand for IT specialists has changed over the year, they told "" and Technocracy hh.ru according to the results of a joint study, the results of which the companies shared on October 27, 2023.

In the context of the development of digital products, 2022 was remembered for the freezing of hiring, the massive outflow of specialists abroad, as well as the withdrawal of some foreign companies from the market. Over the year, the market was able to get out of the state of "freezing" and began to grow - from September 2022 to September 2023, the number of vacancies for IT specialists increased by 18%.

Igor Kotov, Director of the Production Technocracy, cites seasonality and uncertainty with the renewal of licenses for foreign software as the main reasons for the increase in demand for IT specialists:

This growth may be due to two factors: Firstly, this is a traditional growth in demand in the 3rd and 4th quarters, caused by the closure of contracts and the development of budgets before the end of the year. Secondly, the request of big business for domestic solutions. In 2022, the companies waited with the decision to extend the licenses of the software that left the market. A year later, when it became obvious that it was necessary to either remain without support and development, or invest in import substitution, the companies chose the second - said Igor Kotov, production director, Technocracy.

The market is growing actively due to demand for managers, analysts and backend developers If we consider the market as a whole, then the main growth drivers are personnel who are engaged in analytics and project management. For example, the number of vacancies for system and business analysts increased by 55% and 43%, respectively, and the number of vacancies for project and product managers also increased by 61% and 22%.

Analysts and products are the specialists with whom the initiation of many large projects begins. In 2022, the market faced uncertainty, and as a result, the curtailment of funding for many foreign and domestic IT projects. In 2023, the situation no longer looks like force majeure, so competition for personnel returns.

Among programmers, backend developers are among the leaders in terms of growth rates - the demand for Python developers has grown by 30%, in Java by 17%, in C++ by 15%. It is worth noting that Java developers as a whole are the most popular developers on the market - in almost every sixth vacancy, companies are looking for Java developers (16% of the total number of vacancies for developers).

Ironically, if we consider the hiring of "IT specialists" in the context of industries, economies then the sphere is leading by a large margin "" Information Technology- on average, more than 8 thousand vacancies were placed in this area every month. But at the same time, according to the results of the first half of 2023, employers entered the top 3 companies, and Sber. Tinkoff InoTech All three brands are associated with the "Financial sector" - companies from this area on average place a little more than 3 thousand vacancies every month.

A strong breakthrough in the first half of 2023 was made by the CRC, Yadro and IBS. In general, the first top 10 companies account for 12% of all demand in the market, the top 50 - 24%, the top 100 - 31%.

When analyzing the data on grades, only those vacancies in which the grade was indicated in the description or in the title of the vacancy were taken into account. The demand for specialists of all grades over the year increased and even overtook the market: juns began to be searched for 101% more often, mids by 73%, and seniors by 30%.

But in numerical terms, the seniors still remain the most desirable specialists. For example, in September 2023, 2.7 thousand vacancies were opened for Senior specialists, and for Junior only 640 vacancies - a ratio of almost one to four.

The highest demand for experienced specialists is observed for Java, Python and QA stacks, and juns are also more actively recruited for testing, project management and Python development.

HR-Director of Technocracy Alina Gabidullina says that such demand dynamics in terms of grads is associated with an increase in planning terms:

{{quote 'Started defrosting budgets in food companies, and there are also dynamics of increasing planning terms. If quite recently it was impossible to say what will happen in a month, now they are trying to plan for a quarter - six months. Middles and seniors - have been and remain tidbits for companies. Since these are specialists with experience and a certain level of competence, - said Alina Gabidullina, HR Director of Technocracy. }}

Despite the fact that the media is beginning to raise the topics of returning employees to offices, the data indicate the opposite - the business is interested in the remote format of work. Over the past three years, the share of vacancies with the option of remote work for IT specialists has grown from 25% in 2021 to 39.9% in 2023. Almost every second vacancy does not imply an office visit format.

At the same time, the share of vacancies with the option of hybrid work has also increased over the past three years: from 2.6% in 2021 to 9.2% in 2023. This trend was picked up by almost the entire Russian bigtech - for example, Yandex in March 2023 announced the transition to a hybrid with a request to visit the office 2-3 times a week. Experts attribute this to the need to maintain work in a general mode, but at the same time meet the needs of employees who want more flexibility in their work.

Knowing about this fact, it is interesting to look at the general top of the regions of employers in IT: Moscow (29 thousand vacancies per month), St. Petersburg (8 thousand vacancies) and the Sverdlovsk region (2 thousand vacancies).

The job market Technocracy and hh.ru were studied using queries to the API hh.ru - the search was carried out according to the keywords indicated in the jobs. For study, a limited list of stacks and production directions in IT was identified. Some of the statistics were provided directly hh.ru^[1]

The Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation estimated the shortage of developers in Russia at 500-700 thousand specialists

The Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation estimated the shortage of developers in Russia in the 500 000 - 700 000 of specialists. So much, according to the department, is needed in order to maintain high rates of development of the industry. The deficit will not be eliminated in the near future, but the country is already creating a talent pool of IT specialists - such information was shared on October 26, 2023 by representatives of IVA Technologies.

It will not be possible to eliminate the deficit yet, - said Alexander Pavlov, General Director of the Russian Fund for the Development of Information Technologies. - The level of digitalization of Russian companies is growing, the level of tasks that need to be solved is growing. If earlier there was a fashion for IT in companies, now it is a guarantee of competition and survival of enterprises, the creation of technological solutions that are in demand and bought.

According to Pavlov, Russian physics and mathematics schools continue to produce the strongest "carriers of digital competencies" - Russian programmers win international competitions and become desirable personnel for both Russian and foreign IT markets. For them to stay in Russia, they need to create additional incentives.

IT specialists, developers are the most vulnerable category of highly qualified specialists, the expert is sure. - These are people who can - and are used to it - conduct development from anywhere in the world. Our task is to create additional incentives for them, to involve them in work on large-scale ambitious projects in Russia.

IVA Technologies CEO Stanislav Iodkovsky called Russian IT specialists "firefighters" of the domestic economy, which have to be engaged in literally saving society.

After February 24, 2022, we save almost all sectors of the economy from the consequences of technological sanctions, - said Stanislav Iodkovsky. - What foreign companies have been doing for decades, we need to do in three years.

Like foreign companies, it is time for Russia to pay attention to working with universities and educate its specialists from school and university to create a strong personnel reserve, says another speaker, General Director of Astra Group Ilya Sivtsev. Its own IT specialists, trained not only in basic departments, but also in laboratories in partnership with large companies, will understand the features of technologies and the needs of the Russian industry, Sivtsev said.

{{quote 'Our answer to the question of personnel hunger is to teach and continue to teach, - Ilya Sivtsev comments. - We also have few entry-level specialists, the main shortage is in experienced personnel. But they will not appear from nowhere if we ourselves do not involve, will not teach, will not develop them. }}

The number of vacancies in the IT sector in Russia increased by 10% over the year

The number of vacancies in IT the -sphere for the year increased by 10%. At the same time salary , the proposal in this segment shows the greatest growth rate: for example, over the year it increased by 7.9% in nominal terms excluding, and inflations in relation to January 2023, the remuneration of IT specialists increased by 5.2%, the deputy's press service reported on October 4, 2023 with State Duma of the Russian Federation Anton Nemkin reference to and. RBC data Superjob

At the same time, according to analysts, the highest demand is observed in the following segments: development and; programming implementation and maintenance; software engineering;;. information security analytics

The top 5 areas in terms of salary supply growth compared to January also include construction (by 4.4%), marketing, advertising and PR (by 4.2%), personnel (by 4%) and banking (by 3.8%).

Among IT specialists, the salary offer for system architects increased the most - by 16.7%. They are offered an average of 350 thousand rubles. per month (in hand, after paying taxes, excluding bonuses, additional benefits and compensation), and a maximum of 600 thousand rubles.

In 2022, the top 7 most popular areas among IT specialists included engineering, development, ON system administration, product/project management, software implementation and support, analytics and/. information securityinformation protection

The annual increase in average market salaries in Moscow in industry information technologies by December 2022 amounted to 16.5%. In addition, IT employers are more likely than others to organize employee training, conduct corporate events, and offer voluntary health insurance (VHI) policies.

Anton Nemkin, a member of the State Duma Committee on Information Policy (United Russia faction), noted that companies are trying to retain specialists and attract new ones against the background of a continuing shortage of qualified personnel in the market and an increase in the cost of hiring new employees. {{quote "The growth of salaries in the IT sector speaks of the demand for these professions both in the commercial and public sectors. At the same time, the salaries of IT specialists in capitals and regions almost equaled. The training of IT personnel and advanced training of specialists are marked by a separate line in the national program "Digital Economy" until 2030. So, one of the main tasks of the state is to help Russians get an IT education or retrain. Despite the increase in the personnel base, the need for IT personnel still remains at a high level: as of October 2023, the developer deficit is estimated at about 500 thousand people, against a million IT specialists in 2021, "said Anton Nemkin. }}

The number of programmers in Russia for the year increased by 15%

The number of programmers working in Russia has grown by almost 15% over the past year and exceeded 820 thousand people. This was reported to TAdviser on September 22, 2023 by representatives of the press service of the State Duma deputy RFAnton Nemkin, citing a statement by Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin.

According to him to the country accredited , in about 22 thousand companies - manufacturers, domestic software 33 industrial centers of competence were launched.

Thanks to this system approach, you can find areas where dependence on foreign digital products is especially felt. And to intensify their replacement in order to maintain the stability of production, design, financial, technological and social processes at enterprises, "Mishustin added and emphasized the importance of investing in domestic IT solutions by the year.

The state provides significant support measures to IT companies and specialists, and Russian developers have a unique opportunity to enter the market almost without competition from Western companies, said Anton Nemkin, a member of the State Duma Committee on Information Policy, Information Technology and Communications.

"And they are actively using this opportunity - the pace of import substitution in it is the highest, almost 80% of foreign software already has Russian analogues," the deputy added.

The Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation develops new standards of training of IB-specialists

On September 7, 2023, it became known that it Ministry of Digital Development Russia intends to revise the standards for training specialists in the field (information security information security).

According to RIA Novosti, referring to the statements of the head of the department Maksut Shadayev, changes are necessary in light of the increased intensity of cyber attacks. In the current geopolitical situation, Russian companies and state organizations are increasingly subjected to hacker attacks. Positive Technologies experts, in particular, note massive attacks through the exploitation of vulnerabilities and many personal data leaks. In addition, an increase in the number of successful cyber attacks on blockchain projects and a surge in ransomware activity against IT companies were recorded.

We generally love cybersecurity and believe that we should pay more attention to the training of specialists in the field of cybersecurity. Now industry standards, professional standards for training specialists in the field of cybersecurity are being revised in order to comply with the current level of technologies and threats, "Shadayev said.

According to him, information security is one of the most popular specialties in the IT sector in Russia. As of September 2023, there are many cybersecurity faculties in the country. Improving the standards for training specialists in this area in the future will improve the security of the information infrastructure in the Russian Federation.

At the same time, the number of targeted cyber attacks is growing in Russia: the share of such invasions in the second quarter of 2023 was 78%, which is 10% more than at the beginning of this year. In addition to new vulnerabilities, attackers are actively exploiting old ones. In some cases, according to analysts at Positive Technologies, the holes are being exploited several years after the initial discovery.^[2]

In Russia, the demand for programmers who know foreign languages ​ ​ has sharply decreased

In Russia, the demand for programmers who know foreign languages ​ ​ has sharply decreased. This was reported to Russoft at the end of August 2023.

According to the study, specialists capable of reading, writing and speaking English suffered the most - if in 2022 the business needed 3.24% of programmers with good knowledge of English (from the total staff of all companies surveyed by Russoft), then in 2023 this figure decreased by almost a third - to 2.39%.

In the case of the German language, the need for software developers who know it has decreased from more than half - 0.17 to 0.08%, in the case of Arabic - 0.13 to 0.11%, with Spanish - 0.18 to 0.8%. In general, languages ​ ​ "sank" from 4.1 to 2.9%.

37.1% of the companies surveyed need at least one additional technical specialist with knowledge of a foreign language. For software promotion specialists, 37.5% of companies have such a need.

As explained in Russoft, the division of the world into "friendly" and "unfriendly" led to a change in the geography of the needs for knowledge of foreign languages ​ ​ for enterprises in the software development industry in Russia. In addition, knowledge of different foreign languages ​ ​ has become more popular for promoting software solutions and custom development services.

The reorientation of the software development industry to the Russian market, working on which it is possible to increase sales by tens of percent per year, has led to the fact that the need for specialized technical specialists with knowledge of foreign languages ​ ​ in general has slightly decreased. At the same time, the reduction of this need affected all languages. The need for knowledge of the French language has remained at the same level, which is associated with the growing interest of Russian IT companies in promoting the former colonies of France in Africa to the markets.^[3]

Programmers for the development of applications for iPhone in Russia are no longer needed

In Russia, the demand for mobile application developers has sharply decreased. Worst of all, programmers writing for iPhones are hired. This was announced in early August 2023 by the Technocracy company, which develops mobile applications and digital services).

According to CNews, citing a study by Technocracy, in Russia the total number of open vacancies in the field of mobile software development in July 2023 decreased by 24% on an annualized basis. The number of vacancies for iOS developers fell by 29.9%, in the Android segment - by 13.5%.

Experts cite two main reasons for what is happening, and both are related to Western sanctions against Russia: flight from the local market of foreign companies that could stop hiring Russian mobile developers, and restrictions from Apple and Google. These companies banned Russians from publishing new paid applications in their stores, as well as updating existing ones. Some of the paid utilities of Google and Apple were completely removed.

According to experts, the Russian market did not really need entry-level mobile developers. Companies are aimed at hiring primarily seniors, but are ready to consider mids. This is explained by the fact that business closes the needs for novice developers through its own internship programs and through cooperation with educational sites, universities and edtech companies. In the IT industry as a whole, only 5% of companies are interested in junies - 56% need seniors, 39% - mids.

It software is easier and fastest for Russian mobile developers to get a job in a large domestic company, moreover, it is not necessary from the IT sphere. So, according to the statistics of Technocracy, in the first half of 2023, in terms of the number of open vacancies, mobile software developers were in the lead (in descending order), Tinkoff",,," "and VK SberbankYandex. In MTS^[4]

Demand for computer game developers in Russia decreased by 38%

By the end of June 2023, there were about 4,300 vacancies for game developers in the Russian Federation (this is 38% less than a year earlier), of which 3,100 ads were published by Russian companies and 1,200 by foreign ones. Such data in July 2023 led analysts. HeadHunter

According to them, by mid-July 2023, Russia as a whole had developed the "most tense" situation with the search for work among game designers. There are more than 46 CVs per vacancy posted.

The reduction in the number of vacancies is due to the unstable position in the market of companies that have not yet worked on large projects, said Anna Posazhennikova, HR director of the Lesta Games group of companies (projects "World of Ships," "World of Tanks"). The reduction in the number of vacancies for game developers in Russia is due to a lack of money and content in the industry, added Vyacheslav Makarov, an independent expert in the gaming market. According to him, the vacancies of foreign companies published on hh.ru are posted by developers with "Russian roots," who left the country in 2022 and are now "looking for personnel in the usual market."

The industry is still stabilizing after the departure of many foreign companies from Russia in 2022, said Vasily Ovchinnikov, head of the Video Game Industry Development Organization, in July 2023. According to him, it will take several years to recover, provided that the state provides the industry with the necessary support.

We have a strong IT school and game development, and many specialists were involved in outsourcing in international projects, "Ovchinnikov said, adding that Russia has a large audience that needs video game content, so in the future the number of vacancies in the industry" should not be greatly reduced[5]

Russian electronics manufacturers lack specialists despite rising salaries

Salaries of middle-level employees in the Russian production of printed circuit boards, computer equipment and electronics during the first half of 2023 rose by about 20-30%. This is evidenced by the statistics of the HeadHunter platform, released at the end of June 2023.

According to the Kommersant newspaper, the salaries of operators of the surface mounting line of printed circuit boards in the period from January to June 2023 increased on an annualized basis by 20% - to 60 thousand rubles a month. At the same time, the salary of production managers rose by only 4%, reaching 130 thousand rubles a month. At the same time, the demand for specialists is also growing. Thus, the total number of vacancies for the position of surface installation lines operator in IT (production of server equipment, computers, data storage systems, etc.) increased by 23% - to 294 vacancies, and in the category "IT Production Manager" - by 89%, to 429 vacancies.

The observed trends are explained by the current geopolitical situation. Against the background of the departure of a number of foreign companies from Russia and the refusal of contract manufacturers from cooperation with Russian customers, the demand for domestic products sharply increased. In particular, printed circuit boards for automotive electronics, medical equipment, computers and servers are in demand. Manufacturers of such products have begun to expand their capacities and are investing tens of millions of dollars in this.

Now in the category of manual installers there are not enough about 20% of employees, among the operators of the surface installation line - about 40%, and among production managers - up to 60%, so companies are fighting for each employee, - said Elena Zhidkova, head of Promcontract.

Market participants say that the growth of wages is due, on the one hand, to the level of inflation, on the other, to the resulting deficit. All enterprises in Russia that collect electronics faced a shortage of specialists.^[6]

One vacancy of a Java developer in Russia began to account for more than three resumes

By the end of May 2023, one vacancy of a Java developer in Russia began to account for more than three resumes against 1.4 a year earlier. This is stated in a study by the recruiting agency GlobalCareer (part of the IBS group of companies).

The developers of the Junior level were in the most difficult position: by May 2023, there are 43 resumes for each entry-level vacancy. The situation in the labor market has also changed critically for middle-level Java developers. If in 2022 there were five vacancies per resume, then this year programmers will have to compete with each other: four candidates apply for one place.

At the same time, senior developers may practically not notice the changes: in 2022, the ratio of vacancies and resumes was about one to one, now there are 2.5 resumes for each vacancy.

Compared to May 2022, the demand for Java developers in the Russian IT market has changed insignificantly: vacancies have been opened for developers of different levels, but most employers are configured to hire candidates no lower than middle + and senior, says Vladimir Vereshchagin, director of GlobalCareer. - Many companies had to reduce development from scratch, urgently rebuild to new technologies and maintain the operability of existing systems. Employers need experienced employees who can quickly begin to solve existing problems. And Java is primarily used to create new products and their scalability.

By May 2023, Moscow accounts for 47% of the resume of Java developers against 56% a year earlier. The share of resumes of applicants from regional cities with a population of one million increased from 19% to 24%, GlobalCareer analysts calculated.^[7]

Russoft: An overabundance of entry-level IT specialists has formed

An overabundance of entry-level IT specialists has formed in Russia. Valentin Makarov, president of the Russoft software developers association, wrote about this in early June 2023 in his Telegram channel.

According to HeadHunter, the number of responses to IT vacancies in the Russian Federation in the first quarter of 2023 increased by 44% compared to the same period in 2022 (to 23.4 million responses). At the same time, the number of vacancies placed increased by 7% over the same period (to 274.9 thousand vacancies).

Indeed, companies are now receiving more responses to fill IT vacancies. This is partly due to the exemption from mobilization provided to IT professionals. But not only with this, - said Makarov.

According to him, the growth in the popularity of IT specialties, which began during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and then accelerated after the start of a special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, was associated with the entire range of measures to support the IT industry adopted by the state over the past couple of years. To this you need to add the virtual nature of the work of programmers, which allows you to work remotely anywhere in the world where there are means of electronic communications, the head of Russoft emphasized.

The combination of state support measures and the remote nature of work led to the fact that a significant mass of young people rushed to distance training courses in IT specialties. And it is they who, first of all, are applicants for the position of IT specialists, continues Makarov.

As a result, we now have an overabundance of candidates for junior positions with inflated salary expectations and low qualifications, which does not allow them to be hired. And now we should rather not talk about how to stop motivating young people to learn programming, but about how to stimulate the training centers of IT companies to bring the level of people who have undergone pseudo-training in distance courses to the level of junior +, "he concluded[8]

The Ministry of Industry and Trade asked the Ministry of Education to increase the training period for specialists in radio electronics

On May 15, 2023, it became known that the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, as well as relevant associations, appealed to the Ministry of Education with a request to increase the training period for specialists in radio electronics.

According to the Kommersant newspaper, a shortage of personnel in the electronic industry has formed in Russia, accompanied by a low quality of education for employees of secondary specialties. Moreover, in the future, the situation is expected to worsen due to the lack of university graduates. According to estimates, at the beginning of 2023, the shortage of workers with secondary specialized education in the indicated area in Russia fluctuated at the level of 40-60%.

One of the reasons for the shortage of personnel is that the Ministry of Education in 2022 reduced the training period for radio mechanics (after the ninth grade) from three years and ten months to one year and ten months. In addition, hours of production practice were reduced. If we exclude preparation for exams and holidays, then students have only seven months left to obtain theoretical and practical knowledge: and this, according to market participants, is not enough for high-quality training.

Kommersant notes that on April 12, 2023, the deputy head of the Ministry of Industry and Trade Vasily Shpak sent a letter to the Ministry of Education indicating the need to extend the training of specialists in technical schools. This initiative, in particular, is supported by the Computing Technology Consortium (ANO VT), which unites Yadro, Element, Bulat, Aquarius, etc. The training period is proposed to be increased to two years and ten months.

F + tech Chief Executive Officer Mikhail Volkov emphasizes that the Russian radio-electronic industry urgently needs qualified circuit engineers, installers, technologists, installation line fixers and other specialists. However, the shortage of personnel in some areas reaches 80-90^[9]

Russian IT companies asked the Ministry of Digital Development to simplify the hiring of foreigners

Russian IT companies asked the Ministry of Digital Development to simplify the hiring of foreigners. As the president of NP Russoft Valentin Makarov told Kommersant in early May 2023, the association is ready to independently pay for the relocation of the left specialists, and also asks to simplify the process of employment of foreigners.

It is necessary to "reduce the barriers" for hiring foreign specialists for remote work due to the shortage of personnel and the growing interest of friendly countries in Russian IT specialists, Makarov explained. By the beginning of May 2023, according to him, the main obstacle is the procedure for obtaining a work permit in Russia, which "takes a certain time." Companies are already discussing these issues with the Ministry of Digital Development, the newspaper's interlocutor in the industry said.

The company "Hi-Tech," which supplies computer equipment, told the publication that the procedure for obtaining a work permit now takes about two months. It is needed regardless of whether the employee works remotely or not, noted in "Hi-Tech," adding that the permit can be canceled if the employee is absent in the country for more than 180 days.

The Ministry of Digital Development reported to the newspaper that by the beginning of May 2023, there were no appeals "for additional simplification" of hiring foreigners. They noticed that in Russia by the beginning of May 2023, measures are already in force to attract foreign specialists. In particular, a simplified procedure for employment and obtaining a residence permit has been introduced.

It is easier to attract foreign specialists to companies that have representative offices in other countries - in this case, no additional documents are required, said Dmitry Parshin, director of the Artezio development center (part of the Lanit group). However, he emphasizes that the requirements for wages and working conditions for foreign workers are higher than for Russian ones. Therefore, Parshin doubts that the demand for foreigners will be high.^[10]

IT specialists who left Russia cannot find work in domestic companies

At the end of March 2023, it became known that specialists in the field of information technology, who left Russia for one reason or another, cannot find a job in domestic companies. The fact is that an increasing number of Russian organizations are limiting the search for employees for remote work outside the country.

According to CNews, the number of vacancies in which remote work for IT specialists is limited to the regions of Russia increased by 115% in March 2023. If earlier the presence of an employee in the country was voiced as a wish, then later for many employers this became a mandatory requirement. This policy is adhered to by Lanit, Softline, 3Logic Group, Okko, Reksoft, Rostelecom, Sberbank, Er-Telecom, Megafon, T1 Group, Innostage and many other companies and organizations from the Russian Federation. Similar restrictions are found in vacancies for developers, technical support specialists, architects, system analysts, etc.

Among the organizations that limit the search for IT specialists outside Russia, there are companies with state participation, personal data operators, as well as organizations that service critical information infrastructure. But in addition to these companies, integrators, distributors, software developers and others join them, - notes CNews.

One of the reasons for the reluctance to hire employees from abroad is to tighten the law on personal data, according to which companies are obliged to notify Roskomnadzor of their cross-border transfer. In addition, employers are concerned about a possible legislative ban on hiring IT professionals abroad. There is also a risk of double taxation if the employee is abroad for more than 180 days a year.

At the same time, CNews notes that Russian IT specialists located abroad can still find a job in a company without state participation, startups financed by persons independent of state capital, as well as in commercial organizations that are not personal data operators.^[11]

In Russia, there was a sharp jump in demand for fiber specialists

In Russia, there was a sharp jump in demand for fiber optic specialists. This became known on March 15, 2023.

As Kommersant writes with reference to HeadHunter data, in February 2023, the number of vacancies for specialists whose work is related to laying the main optical communication increased by 32% compared to the same period in 2022. In the satellite and fixed-line segment, indicators increased by 17% and 11%, respectively. The total number of vacancies in the telecom sector in February 2023 increased by 3% on an annualized basis and by 33% compared to January 2023.

According to HeadHunter, the total number of resumes created or updated in January - March 2023 with experience in telecom companies over the past three years amounted to more than 97 thousand. At the same time, applicants in the telecom industry were 13% more likely to offer salaries from 120 thousand rubles and 11% from 90 thousand rubles. The number of vacancies with income from 65 thousand rubles decreased by 6%.

Dmitry Arkhipov, head of technological consulting at the NTI Competence Center, jumped in demand for fiber optic specialists with an increase in the volume of construction of fiber optic communications by operators as part of the state program to eliminate digital inequality. Also, according to him, the trend can be explained by the growing requirements of customers for the quality of services.

Ksenia Koskova, HR director of the Rocket digital platform for organizing business trips and managing expenses, clarifies that "January is a month of business calm in many areas." Since February, "more active work begins and the emergence of new vacancies looks like a logical consequence," she added.

In mid-March 2023, Rostelecom reported that the company did not increase the number of vacancies for employees whose work is related to fiber optic since the beginning of the year.^[12]

Foreign IT specialists have simplified employment and obtaining a residence permit

Russia has simplified the procedure for employment and obtaining a residence permit (residence permit) for foreign specialists in the field of information technology. The press service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation announced this on March 15, 2023.

Foreign IT specialists have the right to conclude an employment contract or a civil law contract for the performance of work (provision of services) with organizations operating in the field of information technology and received, in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, a document on state accreditation of an organization operating in the field of information technology (with the exception of organizations having the status of a resident of a technical and innovative special economic zone), without issuing a work permit or patent.

In this case, the organization must have state accreditation. Such companies attract these specialists without obtaining permission to attract and use employees. A foreign IT specialist who works in an accredited IT company, as well as members of his family (including a spouse, children (including adopted ones), spouses of children, parents (including adoptive ones), spouses of parents, grandparents, grandchildren) has been granted the right to obtain a residence permit in the Russian Federation without a simplified validity period.

To obtain a residence permit, an IT specialist, as well as members of his family, must contact the migration department of the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at a selected place of permanent residence. The period of consideration of the application for the issuance of a residence permit is 3 months.

Earlier, in order to obtain a residence permit, a foreign IT specialist was obliged to live for at least one year under a temporary residence permit, which was issued within the quota approved by the Cabinet of Ministers annually. Also, employees of foreign legal entities (manufacturers or suppliers) performing installation work, service and warranty services, post-warranty repairs of technical equipment supplied to the Russian Federation could get a job in the Russian Federation without the appropriate permission (patent^[13]

Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation: 80% of state organizations, backbone companies and CII entities lack information security specialists

According to the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation, by March 2023, 80% of state organizations, backbone companies and subjects of critical information infrastructure (CII) lack highly qualified specialists in information security ( IS).

According to the aforementioned 250-decree, we carried out certain monitoring, what problems do companies, bodies, organizations that this decree concerns have. And yes, they really noted a large percentage, - said the Deputy Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media Alexander Shoitov.

According to him, by March 2023, a sufficient number of information security specialists are being prepared in Russia at the request of the state. At the same time, Russia is experiencing a shortage not of specialists in information security themselves, but of highly qualified specialists who will be ready to resist cyber attacks in practice, Shoitov added.

According to the presidential decree in force by March 2023, in government agencies, state-owned companies, strategic and system-forming organizations, as well as the owners of critical information infrastructure, which includes communication networks and InformSystems of energy, financial, telecommunications and a number of other companies, a deputy head responsible for information security should be appointed, and the heads of organizations were assigned personal responsibility for its provision. Also, these organizations must create a special unit to ensure cybersecurity or involve a contractor licensed to technically protect confidential information for this. The government must approve the requirements for deputies and units by June 1. To monitor, prevent and eliminate the consequences of computer attacks, according to the decree, it will be possible to involve only those cybersecurity monitoring centers that have received FSB accreditation.^[14]

The demand for ChatGPT specialists for the month increased 13 times

In Russia, the number of vacancies on HeadHunter, where skills with ChatGPT are required, in February 2023 amounted to 38, which is 13 times more than a month earlier. The recruiting service announced this in March 2023. Read more here.

Volodin announced the return of more than 60% of IT specialists who left the country

On February 14, 2023, the Chairman of the State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin, at the entrance of the plenary session, named the share of IT specialists who returned to Russia who had previously left the country. At the same time, he revealed the source of his information.

Those who left made their choice. By the way, during the time since our departure, more than 60% [of IT specialists] have returned and are working again at those enterprises where they used to be, "Volodin said.

According to him, some citizens Russia work outside the country in connection with the "withdrawal of enterprises" due to sanctions.

There they begin to recruit, force, convince them to oppose the country. He will betray - it means he made a choice with which he will have to live, he will return back - there is an opportunity to work here, - said the speaker of the State Duma.

In January 2022, presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that Russia needs to create conditions for the return to the country of "rare and valuable" specialists, including from the IT industry. Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Information Policy Anton Gorelkin (United Russia) proposed extending the preferential mortgage program to IT specialists who were released from the Russian Federation by foreign employers and who then fell under the reduction.

On February 14, 2023, Vyacheslav Volodin called for creating the necessary conditions for the work of IT specialists in the Russian Federation:

Let's create conditions for those who will remain in the country. But in this matter we need to start from school, develop IT areas, finance them, do everything so that the guys, having received good knowledge, stay in the country, and not count how much left there

On December 20, 2022, the head of the Ministry of Digital Science Maksut Shadayev said that there are about 100 thousand Russian IT specialists abroad (about 10% of the total). At the same time, according to him, 80% of them continue to work for Russian companies and are in friendly countries.^[15]

"Junes" poured into the market. Employers note a decrease in the average level of examination of applicants for IT vacancies

Against the background of the outflow of IT personnel from Russia, organizations of various profiles hiring IT personnel note a trend towards a decrease in the general level of expertise of employed IT specialists and a "blur" of expertise. While there are fewer highly qualified personnel, many new, young IT specialists have appeared on the market, as well as those who retrained as IT specialists.

At an event at the DIT of Moscow on January 31, 2023, in particular, this topic was touched upon by representatives of Positive Technologies, Avito, HeadHunter and DIT itself. Thus, the developer of information security solutions Positive Technologies noticed a significant decrease in the level of examination of candidates who come to the company for vacancies. Maria Sigaeva, director of educational programs and projects at Positive Technologies, director of the internal personnel agency PT Career Hub, believes that this is due to the lag of Russian educational programs from realities, and the fact that some of the specialists left in 2022. Now the main competition between employers goes for competencies, for qualifications, she says.

In a conversation with TAdviser, Maria Sigaeva clarified that in terms of quality, the category of specialists of the medium ("middle") level is noticeably "falling" down. There have always been few experts, and last year, in addition, people left, and this gap has not yet been filled by anyone. The specialists who are hired today by customers and many companies, calling them experts, five years ago would not have been considered experts and would not have asked for such money as now. They still do not have enough expertise, they are not supported from below by good, high-quality performers, who also have to work for some time on target tasks in order to create a base under them.

All this can fatally affect the processes and projects in which they are involved, - believes Maria Sigaeva.

Anna Panova, head of the Product and Tech Avito recruitment department, also points to the existing outflow of experts and a decrease in the level on the market. This is observed in Avito in various areas of their work. At the same time, many companies have appeared that focus on retraining, on the development of young talents, and there are more of them compared to experts.

The representative of Avito also points to the problem in the field of education in this regard. The IT market is rapidly changing in terms of technology, and education behind it does not always have time to rebuild. Anna Panova says that now often companies within their infrastructure spend a lot of time developing and "growing" IT talents. The market does not get better from the point of view of expertise, and it is easier to teach the personnel themselves inside or invest in education in cooperation with universities.

Ivan Buturlin, head of Analytics at DIT Moscow, however, does not quite agree with the wording that expertise is decreasing: "it is simply blurred," he said. There are fewer people who have been educated at a specialized university, worked for some time and have experience. At the same time, there are more those who previously worked somewhere, and then went to IT, because they realized that they pay more and offer more beautiful working conditions.

But the market is stabilizing, Ivan Buturlin is sure: IT personnel with low qualifications will find their niches.

Dmitry Derelyak, deputy head of the Moscow DIT, in a conversation with TAdviser, said that the department, when hiring IT specialists, noticed a new trend when candidates in employment significantly overestimate their level of professionalism. For example, a middle-level specialist makes a beautiful resume and "sells" himself as a senior level, not matching the desired skills.

At the same time, state organizations have to compete for IT personnel with commercial companies, which are often ready to offer higher salaries. The best thing that DIT can do to compete for IT specialists with high expertise is to offer them interesting, large-scale projects, Dmitry Derelyak believes. Now there are about 300 large projects in the department.

Every year we see a stream of IT professionals who come to us on large-scale projects. This is our advantage, - said the deputy head of the Moscow DIT in a conversation with TAdviser. - At the same time, of course, we must be in the market, offer basic competitive conditions. Nobody canceled this.

TAdviser talked about the situation with the level of expertise with representatives and some other IT companies. So, for example, Luka Safonov, technical director of Sinclit, agrees that in the field of information security, against the background of the departure of specialists from the country, the level of skills of specialists who get a job has really decreased somewhat on average. At the same time, the requirements of information security specialists for salaries have increased significantly.

The situation with a decrease in the average level of expertise is characteristic of the country as a whole, the expert believes. IBshnikov's salaries in the regions, including in small cities, thanks to the trend for remote work, during the coronavirus period, pulled up to Moscow, and the outflow of highly qualified personnel in this area is characteristic not only for Moscow.

Due to the fact that the shortage of information security specialists has worsened, now even newcomers in this area have a chance to settle well in just a couple of years. But for this you need to forget about everything for a two-year period and focus exclusively on teaching and pumping practical skills, including programming, advises Luka Safonov.

Only one of the companies where they spoke on this topic does not note changes. Advisor to the general director of BASEALT Alexei Novodvorsky says that their company hires highly qualified programmers from different regions for remote work, and in the field of open source software development nationwide, he does not see a general decrease in the level of expertise. Alexey Novodvorsky added that when hiring developers in BASEALT, they look, first of all, at what code the specialist already wrote earlier.

If we are talking about hiring developers in Moscow to work in the office, then with this it really became somewhat more difficult. The outflow of programmers from Moscow occurs not only at the expense of Muscovites leaving abroad, but also at the expense of those moving to the province. There are those who want to live in a quieter place, closer to nature, and not in a big city, and remote work allows them to do this, said Alexey Novodvorsky in a conversation with TAdviser.

Against the background of the influx of novice IT specialists into the market, the level of salaries offered to them has decreased, according to HeadHunter^[16]. The median salary for a novice programmer ("jun") in January amounted to about 100 thousand rubles, which is 13% less than a year earlier. The proposed salary of an IT specialist of the middle level ("middle") decreased by 11%, to 160 thousand rubles. At the same time, for highly qualified developers, potential employers call the salary up to 250 thousand rubles per month, it did not decrease, but increased by 4%.

Integration into the digital economy and involvement in IT. Mishustin approved the National Strategy for Action for Women

Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed a decree approving the national strategy for action in the interests of women for 2023-2030. The press service of the Cabinet of Ministers announced this on January 8, 2023. Read more here.

HeadHunter told what the IT labor market will be like in 2023

In January 2023, the recruiting service HeadHunter published a study on the forecast of the development of the labor market in the IT sector. To do this, analysts conducted a survey in companies operating in this industry. The results of the study were generally optimistic.

According to HeadHunter, more than half of companies (57%) intend to expand their scope of activity in 2023, the same number spoke in favor of an increase in staff, and a third (35%) of companies will increase the budget for recruitment. At the same time, 37% of employers replied that this item of expenses would remain unchanged, added to HeadHunter. 27% of respondents do not expect changes in the number of employees, and 16% of companies assumed that there would be reductions.

There is also a tendency to maintain a competitive level of salaries of IT specialists. In 41% of companies, employees intend to increase their salaries, in 46% - they decided to leave unchanged, and only in 3% - to reduce. Another 10% of employers have not yet decided whether to index salaries.

More than half of the companies, according to the survey, plan to expand their scope in 2023. Of these, 21% are sure that they will definitely do it, 36% - rather yes than no. Another 29% of organizations do not have such plans, and 14% found it difficult to answer.

According to Natalya Danina, the hh.ru 's chief expert on the labor market, head of client efficiency, the volume of vacancies is growing contrary to forecasts with minimal unemployment, and this is typical for both the global labor market and the Russian one. The demand for specialists from different professional fields continues to grow, but applicants are in no hurry to respond to vacancies that do not meet their expectations, she said.

2022

Growth in the number of ICT specialists by 9% to 1.93 million people

At the end of 2022, there are approximately 1.93 million specialists in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT) in Russia. This is 9% more compared to the result for 2021, when the number of such employees was estimated at 1.76 million people. The corresponding figures are given in the report of January 30, 2024, published by the Institute for Statistical Research and Knowledge Economics of the Higher School of Economics (ISIEZ HSE).

It is said that in 2022, approximately 35 thousand heads of ICT services and divisions worked in Russia. This is significantly less than in the previous year, when the number of such positions was 58.2 thousand. The number of software and application developers and analysts on an annualized basis decreased from 800.7 thousand to 761.1 thousand, while the number of computer literacy teachers decreased from 10.8 thousand to 10 thousand.

At the same time, growth was recorded in a number of ICT areas. So, in 2022 in the Russian Federation there were 410.2 thousand specialists in databases and networks against 330.2 thousand in 2021. The number of electronic engineers rose from 145.8 thousand to 149.6 thousand, and telecommunications engineers - from 84 thousand to 90.1 thousand. In the segment of ICT sales specialists, an increase was noted from 13.8 thousand to 17.1 thousand, while the number of graphic and multimedia designers rose on an annualized basis from 36.2 thousand to 44.5 thousand.

The number of specialists-technicians for the operation of ICT and for user support also increased: from 72.9 thousand in 2021 to 109.3 thousand in 2022. There are also more technical specialists in telecommunications and broadcasting - 78.4 thousand against 63.5 thousand in 2021. The study notes that the number of electronic technicians jumped about twice - from 33.6 thousand to 68.4 thousand.^[17]

Growth in the number of IT specialists by 12% to 761 thousand people

By the end of 2022, the total number of employees employed in the IT industry Russia in amounted to 761 thousand people, which is 12% more than a year earlier. This was announced on April 17, 2023 during the parliamentary hearings "Improving the legal and organizational mechanisms for training IT specialists" by the deputy head. Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation Maxim Parshin According to him, there is "progressive growth" in the Russian IT industry.

As Parshin noted, in 2022 the level of salaries of IT specialists increased by 19%. This is more than the average for the economy, added the Deputy Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation.

But at the same time, the shortage of personnel in the IT sphere is colossal. When I communicate with IT specialists, business owners, they often say: thank you for all the benefits and preferences that the government and the State Duma have provided. In general, nothing is needed anymore, the main, and often the only problem that is is personnel. This is the glass ceiling against which the IT-Business rest: give us people, - said Parshin.

After the start of the special operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, there were several waves of emigration of IT specialists from Russia. According to the Russian E-Commerce Association (RAEC), up to 70,000 workers left the country immediately after the outbreak of hostilities. At the same time, in May 2022, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin said that 85% of the IT specialists who left returned to Russia.

A new wave of emigration happened after the announcement of partial mobilization in the Russian Federation. In this regard, the Ministry of Digital Development hastened to report that IT specialists with higher education, who work full time in accredited IT companies, will receive a deferral from the draft. Later, the department clarified that only those whose specialty was included in the list prepared by the Ministry of Digital Development will have such an opportunity.^[18]

The number of vacancies for developers for Russian OS is growing

In 2022 Russia , there was an increase in vacancies for the development of applications for domestic operating systems. So, in the case OS "Aurora" of the number of vacancies increased by 53% (to 359 from 235), and in the case of - Kaspersky OS by 9% (to 6.1 thousand). This is evidenced by the data HeadHunter released on February 9, 2023.

At the same time, in 2022, the number of vacancies in the Russian Federation for developers of applications for iOS and Android fell by 20% and 19% (to 15.6 thousand and 17.3 thousand), respectively.

As noted, Kommersant after the start of the military special operation of the Russian Federation on To Ukraine Google Apple and limited the ability for Russian application developers to accept payments in and. Google Play App Store Applications of companies that fell under Western sanctions were removed from marketplaces.

The growth of vacancies for the development of applications for domestic mobile OS is associated with restrictions on the part of Apple and Google, said Oleg Ivanov, head of the mobile development group at Reksoft.

Dmitry Parshin, director of the Artezio mobile application development center, explained to Kommersant that the increase in vacancies is associated with the launch of new projects in the field of Russian mobile OS and the development of existing ones. The expert admits that the growth in demand may also indicate plans to withdraw Russian mobile OS to the consumer segment.

Without adaptation ON , the distribution of domestic OS will be difficult, - added Parshin.

Pavel Panchenko, head of the IBS mobile development department, doubts that the developed domestic OS will enter the consumer market. The situation may change with the advent of the Russian assembly of Android and analogues of Google mobile services, he believes. According to Panchenko, "decisive in the formation of the Russian mobile landscape."^[19]

Approved professional standard for specialists in quantum technologies in Russia

On December 5, 2022, it became known about the approval in Russia of a new professional standard - for specialists in the field of quantum technologies. Read more here.

The demand for IT developers in the Russian Federation of the Middle and Senior levels exceeds the supply

At the end of October 2022, it became known that in Russia the demand for IT developers of the Middle and Senior levels exceeds supply. This is due to the outflow of such specialists from the country, says Diana Dmitriyeva, career consultant at Skypro Online University.

According to her, most companies try to keep staff, giving a chance to work remotely, and such companies are in favor.

Valentin Kaskov, Information Technology Director of the SSTinvest management company, confirmed the high demand for developers of the Middle and Senior levels and suggested that permanent residence in Russia could become an important condition for the employment of such specialists.

A large number of IT specialists left Russia, in a few months they will all cease to be tax residents of the Russian Federation. This means that instead of 13% of income, you will have to pay at a rate of 30%. Accordingly, the business will have a serious burden on paying for increased personal income tax. It is logical that managers will want to deal with programmers living in Russia and will be ready to pay them more, "Kaskov explained to Газете.ru.

According to his forecasts, vacancies in 2023 will be placed with a tariff 15-20% higher than by the end of October 2022. Specialists who have gone abroad and respond to these vacancies will definitely begin to bargain, he added.

Diana Dmitriyeva believes that the crisis is unlikely to quickly exhaust itself, so companies need to take care of how to attract or retain the most valuable personnel. Among the possible measures, she names:

• Relocation of the entire business;
• Repurposing and attracting specialists after courses;
• Non-traditional hiring methods ("Companies actively attract IT specialists through the" Bring a Friend "referral program)
• Comfortable working conditions (IT specialists try to hold on to a company that provides favorable and comfortable conditions, a social package, an employee's reservation and other factors ").^[20]

Salaries in the Russian telecom decreased by 8%

By October 2022, the average salary in the Russian telecommunications sector decreased by 8% compared to the previous year. This is stated in the study of the companies "Telfin" and HeadHunter, which was published on October 7, 2022. Experts analyzed more than 165 thousand vacancies in telecom companies.

As Kommersant writes with reference to this report, the regions where the average salary has decreased included Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, Stavropol Territory, Udmurtia, Buryatia, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk Region, etc. In Moscow, average salaries in telecom decreased by 8.82%, to 62 thousand rubles, and in St. Petersburg - by 9.78%, to 52.6 thousand rubles, while more than 28 regions increased or retained salaries at the level of 2021. The average salary in the country as a whole practically did not change and amounted to 40.3 thousand rubles, a year earlier it was at the level of 40.1 thousand rubles.

Meanwhile, analysts at the Superjob research center did not record a decrease in wages in the field of telecommunications: according to their data, which were released on October 7, 2022, salaries are growing, the industry is increasing the recruitment of linear personnel and engineering and engineering. So, over the year, the salary of design engineers of communication systems in Moscow and St. Petersburg increased in nominal terms by 5%, technical support engineers - by 13 and 8%, respectively, electrical installers - by 13 and 11%.

Most of all in Moscow and St. Petersburg are ready to pay the chief designer. Thus, the market salary of such a specialist in Moscow in 2022 is 230 thousand rubles, and in St. Petersburg - 200 thousand rubles. The maximum salary of such a specialist in Moscow is 550 thousand rubles, and in St. Petersburg - 480 thousand rubles. The annual increase in average market wages in both cities was^[21]

Due to mobilization, at least 100 thousand IT specialists may leave Russia

The partial mobilization announced by the president Russia Vladimir Putin on September 21, 2022, led to mass population migration. Among them - not a little. IT specialists The head of the ANO "" Information culture Ivan Begtin believes that 100 thousand potentially departed IT specialists are "the minimum bar from which you need to start now."

According to Begtin, the increase in the number of IT specialists leaving Russia is due to suspicion that a new wave of mobilization is expected in the future, under which IT specialists also fall. The head of the ANO explained that another reason is that not all IT specialists have a higher specialized education to receive a delay.

{{quote 'Significantly more may be those who, without understanding, just hid and/or left. And those who planned to return postponed this decision until better times, "says Nikolai Komlev, executive director of the Association of Computer and Information Technology Enterprises (APKIT). }} According to him, the Ministry of Digital Development did a lot, but there were still specialists who did not fall under the reservation, for example, those who do not have a higher education. The outflow of IT specialists may be two to three times more than in the spring of 2022, Komlev suggested.

There are no exact estimates of those who have left and those who can still leave, noted the head of the Russoft association Valentin Makarov at the end of September 2022. But with Komlev's forecast of an increase in the outflow of IT specialists, he agreed.

A survey conducted by HR holding Ventra in September 2022 showed that more than 30% of IT specialists have left Russia or are planning a relocation. The study was conducted from September 5 to 15 - before partial mobilization was announced in Russia. Ventra admitted that after the mobilization began, the percentage of IT specialists who emigrated or planned to emigrate increased.^[22]

66% of developers and programmers do not have a specialized higher education

According to the resume database of the Russian online recruiting platform hh.ru for 2022, 66% (or 170 thousand) of developers and programmers among men do not have specialized higher education, the presence of specialized higher education is found only in every third. Such data from TAdviser on September 26, 2022 were shared by HeadHunter based on the results of a study, in which data from the resume of 813 thousand developers and 2.7 million of all those employed in IT were analyzed.

As the study showed, a characteristic feature is the inverse proportion between age and the presence of specialized higher education. So, the older the programmer, the less often he has such an education. Among developers aged 25-34 years, non-core higher is found in 67%, at the age of 35-44 - in 69%, 45 and older - in 78%. Thus, if the criterion of higher education proficiency is taken into account for a delay from partial mobilization, it will affect over 200 thousand of the most experienced and valuable programmers.

As you know, the IT product is one of the most complex and resource-intensive results of intellectual labor in the modern world. Not only developers and programmers themselves participate in its creation, support and development, whole teams are involved in it - from IT managers, product managers, testers, designers to cybersecurity specialists.

As for the entire IT sector, the share of IT specialists without specialized higher education is even higher - 79% (among men - 74%, among women - 87%). At the same time, among experienced IT specialists (from 3 to 9 years of experience), the highest share without specialized higher education was recorded - 80%.

According to hh.ru analysts, the low share of specialized higher education among programmers and developers and all IT specialists in general is explained by the fact that the IT sector annually attracted tens of thousands of talented people who could study IT professions without obtaining specialized higher education. The vast majority of companies in acute shortages do not pay attention to the presence of specialized higher education at all and do not indicate such a requirement in vacancies, the presence of the necessary technological stack, skills and experience in creating and developing successful IT products and solutions has always come to the fore.

The scientist calculated the number of active Open Source developers who left Russia based on their digital footprint in GitHub

Since February 2022, the question remains: how many software developers have left the country amid the Russian-Ukrainian conflict? There is no definite answer, the assessments already voiced by different sources differ significantly. Interest in the problem of "brain drain" from Russia revived, including in the scientific community. At the Vienna University of Economics and Business, for example, they tried to assess the scale of emigration of highly qualified developers from Russia and Belarus in 2022 in an unusual way - using their digital footprint on GitHub. The study was published in early September on the scientific portal ResearchGate (the full text of the study is here).

For the study, the author, Professor Johannes Wachs, used a datacet that is relevant for February 2021 - a year before the start of the SVO of the RF Armed Forces in Ukraine, with a geographical location of developer profiles on GitHub, characterized by activity. And at the end of June 2022, he collected data on the geographical location from the same profiles, covering about 45 thousand developers, focusing on specialists from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, and analyzed how many developers the location has changed.

He compared similar indicators in Russia with other countries in the Eastern European region, which in addition to Ukraine and Belarus includes Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Bulgaria.

The original datacet was derived from GHArchive, an activity database on GitHub. It contained data on about 1.1 million developers who added code at least 100 times to open GitHub projects in 2019-2020. From the table presented in the work, it follows that there were more than 15.5 thousand such specialists from Russia. The location in this datacet was determined on the basis of several traces, but for comparison, in June 2022, the author focused on developers previously geolocated based on their metadata on GitHub, ignoring other sources. The June datacet includes location information from the corresponding text field in the developer profile on GitHub, which is optionally filled by the developer, as well as the Bing Maps geocode.

For each developer, the following results could be obtained: a specialist could delete his profile from GitHub, his geolocation could remain the same or be changed.

The analysis showed that collectively one of the five developers previously based in Russia (22.9%) and Belarus (23.9%) is no longer geolocated there. This is 3-4 times more than the average for the region under study. Russian developers (8.6%, more than 1.3 thousand people) are 3.5 times inclined to indicate a new country of location in 2022 in their GitHub profile than colleagues from compared countries (2.4%).

In addition, they were more likely to delete their profiles (3.0% versus 2.1% in the countries compared) or hide their location (11.3% versus 1.9% in the countries compared). I.e. one of ten developers previously geolocated in Russia hid their location.

The latter may be explained by the fact that after the February events in Ukraine, information about living in Russia may have social and economic consequences, the author suggests. Another possible explanation is that these developers left Russia, but have not yet settled in the final destination countries or did so, but do not want to signal this on GitHub.

Our estimates suggest that from 10 to 20% of active Russian and Belarusian Open Source developers left their countries in the period from February 2021 to June 2022, the study says.

The author also points to the correlation between the activity on GitHub of those who changed the geographic location in the profile and those who remained the same: the former were previously much more active and more visible in community collaborations than the latter.

It is often difficult, especially in volatile situations, to estimate how many people are leaving the country and where they are leaving. The lack of data on the emigration of highly qualified specialists also makes it difficult to understand who is leaving and who remains. In recent years, digital footprint data has been used to gain insights into different social and economic phenomena, including migration. But less is known about the dynamics of emigration of highly qualified specialists and their mobility during crises. "Brain drain" estimates in such a context can be valuable to policy makers, decision makers, and predictors, "notes Jogannes Wachs.

Departing Russian developers are more widely distributed among different countries than their Belarusian colleagues, the author of the study states. The latter are more likely to settle in neighboring countries. And the top 5 countries of the Russian specialists who changed the location are the USA, Georgia, Germany, Armenia and the Netherlands. They are followed by Turkey and Britain.

The work also includes a reference to an earlier study involving Jogannes Wachs, where the authors attempted to identify a link between countries' economic development and the number of highly active developers on GitHub per capita. It showed that Russia, Belarus and Ukraine stand out from the general trend in a positive direction - they have much more Open Source developers than would be expected at the level of economic development of these countries.

Part of the professor's current work is devoted to research indicating the benefits that the influx of highly qualified specialists brings to their host countries, and the negative effects of the loss of such personnel.

In Russia, experts have recorded a shortage of qualified IT personnel for more than one year, and, among other things, measures were taken at the state level to improve this situation. But there is a similar problem in the so-called developed countries. Actually, this gave impetus to the global expansion of IT outsourcing.

The pool of available specialists in developed countries is not enough to meet all demand, - quoted the Protocol portal in its recent article by Prasad Vuyyuru, a partner of Infosys, a major Indian software development outsourcer. - This is the reason why outsourcing is growing and will continue to grow: in the USA, or Germany, or Britain, there are not enough people to do all the technological work that should be done[23]

The general director of the British-based Global Sourcing Association, Kerry Hallard, in the same article also points to the catch of specialists:

I think we have opened about 1.2 million jobs in the UK, of which more than 100 thousand are in the field of technology, software development, in particular.

Against this background, the influx of highly qualified "brains" from Russia to Western countries looks especially relevant in terms of benefits for the latter.

Demand for IT specialists in Russia fell by 25%

The number of vacancies in the Russian IT industry decreased from the beginning of 2022 by 25% to 85,200, the maximum number of vacancies was recorded in February 2022 - 126,900. Such data in early September 2022 was provided by HeadHunter.

As RBC writes with reference to the statistics published by the service, the number of IT resumes increased from January to August 2022 by 55%, from 211,100 to 327,000. In 2021, this figure was only 12%.

According to industry experts, the reduction in demand is associated with the departure of foreign IT companies from the Russian market, after which many of their employees switched to work in Russian, and some employees who have lost their jobs remain in the labor market. Also, some specialists return to Russia after a recent departure abroad. The reduction in the export of IT services from the country also had a certain impact, as a result of which a shortage of specialists in the country is no longer observed. However, it is predicted that this situation will not last long - import substitution programs will lead to an increase in demand for programmers, and an increase in IT exports to "friendly countries" will lead to a new round of growth in the number of vacancies and personnel shortages.

According to Natalia Danina, chief expert on the labor market, head of the client efficiency department of HeadHunter, that the sharp increase in the number of resumes is associated with the emergence on the market of a large number of candidates for junior positions who graduated from popular online courses. At the same time, as the executive director of the Association of Software Developers "Domestic Software" Renat Lashin noted, despite the continuing influx of new personnel, the IT sphere still needs qualified specialists.

The dynamics of demand for IT specialists is associated with the reconfiguration of the IT market Russia and is temporary, a spokesman told RBC. Ministry of Digital Development According to him, the demand for IT specialists was and remains high. Educational programs help to increase the number of IT personnel, in particular for high school students and students, the source added^[24] for^[25]

Thousands of employees of foreign IT companies who left Russia entered the labor market

In late July - early August 2022, thousands of employees of foreign IT companies who announced their departure from the Russian market began looking for a new job, representatives of a number of domestic IT players told TAdviser.

Russian companies see a sharp increase in candidates with experience in Microsoft, SAP, HP, IBM, Siemens and other global players. Moreover, most often marketers, sales managers and other non-technical specialists are looking for work. Russian companies disassemble developers, programmers and engineers first of all.

Answering TAdviser questions, Softline HR Director Natalya Likhodievskaya notes that her company is actively hiring specialists and does not plan to reduce the selection.

We consider candidates with various experience, including from companies that have suspended activities in Russia. The business model and methodologies in foreign vendors and Softline are very similar, so basically there are no difficulties with adaptation. We have opened more than 250 vacancies in all regions of Russia: developers, architects, information security engineers, BDM (Business Development Manager) for working with Russian manufacturers of software and equipment, testers, database administrators and others, Key account manager. For each candidate, we form separate conditions, depending on their experience, competencies and desires, says Natalya Likhodievskaya.

According to her, the exit of thousands of employees of foreign companies did not relieve the problem of a shortage of IT personnel, so the demand for professionals remains very high, and the level of wages has not decreased.

[2] Irina Gaivoronskaya, director of human resources and organizational development at Sitronics Group, confirmed to TAdviser that former employees of Microsoft, IBM, SAP and other global players are actively looking for work. Sitronics Group most often deals with specialists in business development, client service management, as well as technical experts in the field of information security.

At the same time, it cannot be said that the overall level of salaries has decreased. Rather, candidates are now ready to look at the range for the fixed and bonus parts, where the fixed does not prevail. This is partly due to the reformatting of the market landscape, partly due to interest in the topic of import substitution. Money is an important component of the offer, but still not the main one, - explains Irina Gaivoronskaya, answering the question about the level of wages in the IT market.

[3] Irina Frolova, director of the BSS human resources department, told TAdviser that there are noticeably more applicants from large foreign companies than six months ago. At the same time, she notes that the release of a large number of specialists as free agents did not affect the level of salaries.

Each specialist has their own advantages within the framework of specialization. But if we do not take into account hard skills, then the very experience in large international corporations and a large portfolio of contacts are certainly an advantage. If we are talking about professionals who have high potential, experience and ambitions to achieve their goals in a new place of work, then the amount of remuneration has remained at the same level, says Irina Frolova.

We are still primarily paying attention to the high technical level of candidates. Experience in these companies does not always mean 100% relevance to our profile. Obviously, there are more candidates from the mentioned companies, however, the departure of corporations did not affect the salary expectations of really strong competencies [4] , "Nune Hovakimyan, head of the staff selection and adaptation department at Tech, shared with TAdviser Kh5.

Ksenia Konstantinova, HR manager at C3D Labs, a geometric core developer and subsidiary of ASCON, believes the market is being steadily updated. In the spring of 2022, excited specialists entered the market, who were looking for options in case of an emergency. Today the market is filled with specialists who are really ready to change jobs, by the fall there will be even more such applicants.

We see a large influx of candidates from Intel, Siemens, Open Cascade, etc. Many candidates from the field of marketing and sales, from technical areas - developers, analysts. Most specialists leave companies with a significant compensation package, which allows them to relax now and approach the choice of new positions consciously, - explains Ksenia Konstantinova.

T1 Integration HR Director Veronika Elikova also said that the company has seen a sharp increase in the number of employees of foreign companies looking for work.

T1 Integration considers candidates if their experience and competencies meet our request. Since February, our team has included more than 100 experts from various technical areas. Changes in the level of wages in the IT market have not yet been noted. In highly sought-after specialties, where a rare examination is needed, a decrease in the level of remuneration is not predicted, - answered TAdviser Veronika Elikova.

One of the SAP managers, commenting on the TAdviser request, explained that he was ending his collaboration with the company in August. He has several offers from Russian companies in his hands, but they all, to one degree or another, do not meet his expectations, so he intends to take a break and relax. And upon returning from vacation, he will decide to continue looking for a job or accept one of the offers.

An employee of the Russian office of Microsoft shared with TAdviser that he no longer works for the company. While on vacation and did not search for work. According to him, there were several proposals, but he has not yet made a decision.

The Ministry of Digital Development of Russia forms a personnel reserve of IT professionals

On August 10, 2022, the Ministry of Digital Development announced that IT specialists from Moscow and the regions of Russia could enter the personnel reserve of highly qualified managers and digital transformation specialists. The reserve is formed on behalf of the Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Dmitry Chernyshenko in order to develop digital transformation teams in the public sector.

Digital transformation is one of the five national goals set by the President of Russia. In this regard, the active process of digitalization economies and public administration requires the availability of qualified personnel, and in general, the formation of a model of competencies for employees that would meet modern challenges. The Ministry of Digital Development was instructed to form a personnel reserve of IT professionals who will constantly learn the necessary skills and then receive employment offers. I note that participation in the project is free and every IT specialist has a chance to get there, industries- said Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko.

Among the opportunities opening up for members of the talent pool:

• continuous development in digital transformation and IT;
• the ability to communicate with leading Russian experts from different industries;
• assessment of professional and personal competencies;
• obtaining an individual passport of competencies with personal recommendations for their development;
• employment in authorities and budgetary organizations implementing digital transformation projects.

The personnel reserve was created at the site of the Recruiting Center of the Ministry of Digital Development of Russia in the structure of the Center for Training Managers and Teams of Digital Transformation of the Higher School of Economics of the RANEPA.

Selection for and membership in the talent pool is free. To participate, you need to register on a special platform, which is implemented with the support of the Russian Ministry of Digital Development. Over the two years of the platform's operation, more than 11,500 specialists in the field of IT and digital transformation have registered on it.

It is important not so much to have the necessary level of competence as to be able to apply them in practice, to use them as tools for solving specific work tasks. This is the most important indicator for reserve participants. It is also worth noting that specialists who have passed the selection are constantly developing competencies, performing interesting tasks and rising in the personal ranking, - said Russian Deputy Head of the Ministry of Digital Development Nikolai Yatselenko.

Active hiring of IT specialists resumed in Russia

On August 8, 2022, it became known about the resumption of active hiring of IT specialists in Russia. According to the Зарплата.ру service, in July 2022 the number of corresponding vacancies increased by 31% compared to the previous month after a significant decline in the spring.

The study says that a positive trend in this area will develop. The increase in market share by domestic IT companies requires an influx of new personnel.

Experts note that at the end of February 2022, companies significantly reduced hiring and left only the most critical vacancies. At the same time, employers preferred to hire the most experienced personnel, and the vacancy rate of junior specialists in IT decreased significantly.

But by the beginning of the summer of 2022, the situation began to stabilize, and already in July we see an increase both in the industry as a whole and in the resumption of hiring junior specialists, "said Yuri Mikheev, head of the Зарплаты.ру analytics department.

According to the study, the largest decrease in the number of new resumes from applicants was due to the youngest Russians. In the heading "Beginning of a career, students" in July 2022, the number of resumes decreased by 27% compared to June.

Even before the start of Russia's special operation in Ukraine, the Russian IT market had been experiencing personnel shortages and an expert crisis for a very long time and steadily, and the current situation was unlikely to dramatically worsen it, founder and CEO of Qrator Labs Alexander Lyamin told TASS. Fyodor Muzalevsky, director of the technical department of RTM Group, agrees with him - he believes that it is very difficult to find suitable personnel, and demand has only increased.

According to Svetlana Gatsakova, Director of the Corporate Information Systems Department of ALP Group, the situation in the market of qualified IT specialists is turbulent, and therefore the company is trying to recruit "only the best personnel" and expects to involve not only individual developers, but also entire teams.^[26]

Up to 72% of Russian IT specialists are thinking about changing jobs. Their attitude towards employers has changed

Up to 72% of Russian IT specialists think about changing jobs, 9% of them are in active search of the rest, 19% passively monitor the market, and 44% are not specifically looking for vacancies, but are ready to consider offers from employers. This is reported by a joint study "Source code of ideal work for an IT specialist" of the consulting company "Tecart" and the recruiting group Selecty.

According to Daria Kudryavtseva, HR Director of Selecty Group of Companies, until February 2022, half of IT specialists, according to recruiting terminology, belonged to "cold" candidates and ignored almost any proposals. Now applicants are more willing to contact recruiters, but at the same time they approach the final decision more carefully.

According to researchers, in March 2022, the Russian market has seriously changed, this is due, among other things, to the departure of a number of foreign IT companies from the domestic market. There was an outflow of personnel from the country. At the same time, IT specialists have new requirements for employers: in March, a reassessment of priorities began and this process continues.

For example, for the first time, the company's reliability criterion fell into the TOP-5 of key requirements for the employer. Previously, IT specialists never attached any serious importance to it, believing themselves to be members of project teams and believing that they could change their company at any time. There were new factors that began to determine the choice of IT specialists: the ability to work remotely from abroad was included in the TOP-10 of requirements, and the relocation package in TOP-15.

However, the key factor, as before, remains competitive wages. 84% of respondents called this factor decisive when changing employers. The second most important thing remains the possibility of choosing the format of work, that is, the IT specialist prefers to decide whether to go to his office on his own or not. In third place in importance is the possibility of training and professional development. The most significant is such an opportunity for the junior category, who want to jump into the next stratum as soon as possible. An important factor is experienced colleagues in the team. At the same time, the most insignificant IT specialists considered the presence of a "cool" office and a busy corporate life.

Since today almost any business or field of activity is somehow connected with information technology, IT specialists are by and large indifferent to work in which industry. For 49% of respondents, the direction of the company's activities does not matter, only 47% said that they would like to work in IT companies.

Choosing the industry specifics of projects, 52% of IT specialists would prefer to work on products for the banking sector. The second most priority was called Internet services, the third - startups. Least often, IT specialists expressed a desire to work on projects in the field of agriculture, in the public sector and the auto business. However, according to the researchers, the very fact that these industries are included in the number of selected categories suggests that the priorities of the IT community are changing. The public sector and agriculture are no longer perceived as technologically backward sectors where the programmer has nothing to do.

According to the study, 47% of respondents receive from 100 to 200 thousand rubles per month, 34% - 200-300 thousand rubles, 11% - more than 400 thousand rubles per month. Testers receive the least, the highest salaries from developers.

At the same time, analysts note that after February 24, 2022, many IT specialists have decreased satisfaction with the level of wages. So if until February 24 the average satisfaction index on a scale from 1 to 10 was 7.8, then by July 2022 it fell to 6.7. Only 17.5% of respondents had their salaries indexed over the past 5 months. According to the survey, 75% of IT professionals are confident that it is much easier to get a higher salary when switching to a new job than knocking out a promotion in the current place.

About 43% of respondents are ready to change jobs if they are offered a salary 30-50% higher than the current one. Moreover, IT managers have such high salaries that for them the issue of raising it is not fundamental when choosing a new place of work.

Moreover, the higher the salary, the less role all kinds of "buns" play. The most popular bonus is the VHI policy, the second place is paid for vocational training, the third is language courses. Among the significant bonuses were also compensation for sports, preferential mortgages, a bonus for the purchase of equipment, etc. (more details on the graph).

Despite the fact that the format of work is one of the key criteria for choosing the work of 51% of IT specialists called the hybrid format the most preferable. That is, there was fatigue from remote control, 27% of respondents lack "live" communication, 19% - informal communication with colleagues.

Relocation became one of the significant factors in choosing an employer, but IT specialists began to take a more balanced view of the possibility of moving to another country and working from abroad. There was information about the negative experience of relocation:

• non-compliance of the conditions offered by foreign companies to domestic IT specialists with those in the Russian Federation;
• failure to comply with the terms of preliminary agreements, already signed agreements were broken;
• a sharp increase in prices for real estate and services in the regions of mass relocation.

At the time of the survey, 7% of respondents finally moved, 2% moved, but plan to return to Russia, 8% planned to move in the foreseeable future, 42% considered the possibility of relocation purely theoretically, 34% have no such plans in principle.

77% of IT companies in Russia rated the situation in their business as stable or positive

At the end of July 2022, the Heads Partners team shared with TAdviser the results of a pulse study based on personal interviews and online surveys of representatives of leading IT and digital companies on the Russian market. The study covered 90 companies and was conducted in July 2022 with the support of the Association of Computer and Information Technology Enterprises (APKIT).

The general situation among digital players and IT suppliers at the beginning of the second half of 2022 can be described as stable - this is the opinion of 59% of respondents of different sizes and profiles of companies. Only 3% of companies described the situation as critical; another 18% said the situation at the company had worsened.

"It is worth noting that the general state of uncertainty at the beginning of the second half of the year among the companies participating in the study remains. One thing is clear for everyone - as it was before, it will no longer be in the foreseeable future, but how it will be is also not clear, "the study says.

Only 13% of the companies under study note a significant reduction in HR budgets, and 31% only partially cut it, while 18% of companies had an increase in the HR budget.

"As of mid-2022, despite the general uncertainty, companies are making every effort to stabilize the emotional state of teams through various tools: corporate events, internal training, well-being initiatives. This support affects the change in the HR budget. As you can see from the results, some companies pay special attention to this, "said Yuna Dubova, an invited external expert in the field of HR and organizational development, who conducted personal interviews as part of the study.

Just 5 of the 90 companies under investigation reported a hiring halt at the start of the second half of 2022, with 1/3 of the companies saying hiring had not stopped and would not be halted until the end of the year. At the same time, 75% of the same companies indicated an urgent need for developers, engineers (in IT production companies and integrators), testers, and interest in product managers was also especially evident.

At the same time, the demand for specialists remains, information security which, according to researchers, is a consequence of the growing need for the market. Given the ongoing attempts hacker attacks at most large companies, the trend will continue for a long time.

At the beginning of the second half of the year, only 36% of the companies participating in the study shared that they had already revised the income of their employees or would revise it in the near future. On average, the increase in employee income among the companies under study does not exceed 10%. wages Indexation among large players is already noted on the market: 7.5% - Gazprom in January 2022 (according to Sheets""), 9% - in; Severstal at the same time, according to the statements of the company's representative, in 2022 the average salary at Severstal will grow by 15% (according to Vedomosti), in July 1 Sberbank , 2022 - by 8.5% (up to 20% in some departments for IT specialists).

According to Rosstat, the inflation rate as of April 2022 amounted to 17.6% in annual terms, and the projected increase in the average market salaries of developers by the end of 2022, according to Superjob, will be 25%.

The report on the results of the study says that 47% of the companies surveyed have not yet made a final decision on the revision of wages at the beginning of the second half of 2022.

"It is likely that point raises to keep individual specialists in the company take place, it is simply not widely advertised. I think that in the struggle for talents, all market participants will have to revise their income, and some players are just waiting for time, trying to navigate the situation on the labor market, "said Alexander Abramkin, Managing Director of Heads Partners.

65 of the 90 companies under investigation believe that the biggest priority for them as of the beginning of the second half of 2022 is to retain employees and strengthen their loyalty, as well as train employees according to new market challenges. Less than half of the companies (36%) plan to partially improve the social package.

"It is clear that some employers are committed in every way possible to creating the most comfortable conditions for staff, reassuring and demonstrating that life goes on no matter what. However, the other part observes the desire on the part of employees to receive part of compensation (sports, VHI, training) with additional payments to the total salary. Thus, we can conclude that 64% of the companies under study leave corporate social packages unchanged, "added Yuna Dubova, an external expert in the field of HR and organizational development.

The head of the Ministry of Digital Development - about which IT specialists are returning to Russia

A large number of IT specialists returning to Russia are those who "left on emotions" and could not quickly find work abroad. This was stated in a conversation with the RBC TV channel by the head of the Ministry of Digital Science Maksut Shadayev (the interview was released on June 20, 2022).

Speaking about the difficulties that representatives of the IT industry faced abroad, the Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation also noted that contracts with Russian developers initially fell into a common "cancel culture."

And the second trend, which I now see, that, unfortunately for those who left, there are often problems with employment... Unfortunately, there is a certain level of distrust of Russian developers, they are called spies... A certain spy mania is present, - explained Shadayev.

According to him, about 50% of IT specialists who remained to work in Russia continue to work for Russian companies, some of them are being hunted by competing companies. At the same time, many IT specialists who have left also continue to work for Russian companies.

Of those who remained, probably half continue to work for Russian companies, because during the pandemic and COVID-19 in the IT industry, the culture of remote work has formed... Of course, when we learned to work outside offices, it is clear that many left for Armenia, Turkey, the Emirates, and continue to work for Russian companies. It's just that it's so psychologically easier for them, "Shadayev explained.

He noted that by June 2022, the trend towards the return of IT specialists who left Russia remains. In the first months after the start of the Russian special operation in Ukraine, a "significant part" of IT specialists returned, added Maksut Shadayev.^[27]

Foreign IT companies through HeadHunter call Russian programmers to go abroad

While the state is trying to keep IT specialists in Russia and is taking various measures to do so, foreign companies are using Russian recruiting sites to find and hire IT personnel in Russia, followed by its relocation to their offices and development centers abroad. This practice is especially noticeable on the most popular Russian recruiting portal - HeadHunter (hh.ru, HH).

In June, there, for example, 56 vacancies were placed by the American Synopsys, the world's largest CAD company for the design of electronics^[28]. She is looking for programmers, developers, system engineers, testers in Russia. The company offers all of them a relocation to Armenia and support for this process from its side, as part of a social package. Read more here.

Veriest is also hunting for Russian specialists - a designer of integrated circuits with headquarters in Israel and design centers in this country, as well as in Serbia, Hungary and Britain. The company is ready to help with valuable personnel with the relocation to^[29]. Veriest jobs were placed in May and June.

IT specialists in Russia on terms of relocation to Dubai or Hamburg are also looking for Mondia, a developer of solutions for mobile commerce and other digital products based in the UAE. As of^[30], he has 15^[31] jobs on HH^[32] in the^[33] region].

IT specialists are hired in their foreign offices and companies with Russian roots. Thus, more than 20 vacancies as of June in Russia were opened by Artec 3D Adriatica, a developer and manufacturer of three-dimensional scanners and three-dimensional face recognition systems, whose offices are located in Moscow, Luxembourg and California. Vacancies for Russian specialists indicate that the possibility of relocation is provided.

The Schaffhausen Institute of Technology in Switzerland, created with the participation of Acronis founder Sergei Belousov, does the same (in 2021 it changed its name to Serg Bell). As of June, at HH, he is looking for programmers, developers and teachers of IT disciplines with an offer to relax to Bulgaria or Serbia with the support of the institute.

The company Behavox, founded by former stock analyst Goldman Sachs and hedge fund manager Erkin Adylov, a native of Kyrgyzstan, also hires developers from Russia. She is developing a corporate AI platform. She offers Russian IT specialists to move to Canada or Serbia. After the creation of the company in 2014, the main development was located in Russia - in St. Petersburg and Moscow. But in 2018, Behavox closed all Russian offices and moved the development to Canada due to the growing geopolitical risks^[34].

There are other examples on the hh.ru. HH, regarding the use of their site by some companies for hunting employees in Russia, followed by removal, noted that their platform is used to find work and hire personnel. The labor market in IT has always been and remains the most flexible in terms of employment, this is one of the key attractive factors in a situation of acute personnel shortage.

In this market, the conditions are dictated by applicants - it is important for them that the format of work is not limited only to the office in a certain location. Employers in competition for IT personnel are developing work formats that are in demand among candidates, be it completely remote, hybrid or with the possibility of relocation. It is also worth noting that hh.ru do not have the opportunity to independently limit and additionally moderate vacancies indicating the relocation option, since this does not contradict the current legislation providing for freedom of movement for citizens, the company told TAdviser.

The Ministry of Digital Development previously said that they do not support any legislative restrictions related to the movement of IT personnel and their employment. Such measures can lead to an increase in the outflow of specialists and destructively affect the industry as a whole^[35]

Alexander Abramkin, managing director of Heads Partners, a consulting company specializing in executive selection, team formation and organizational consulting for IT and digital companies, notes that HH is a commercial recruiting platform, it has no goal to support any government policy. It simply fulfills its basic function and focuses on the needs of its customers.

Such job publications are aimed at an audience that is already looking for opportunities to respond. And this audience will in any case find how to leave Russia. It seems to me that forcing sites to refuse to publish such vacancies is a waste of time and effort. There will be other platforms and ways to reach the audience. By the way, if really the goal was to relegate the best minds, that is, more effective ways. But companies, so to speak, "catch on the live," believing that in the current situation you can catch valuable talents by simply reporting this on the market. Maybe you will be lucky, but I assume that these companies are now simply "drowning" from irrelevant responses, "says Alexander Abramkin.

In a conversation with TAdviser, Alexander Abramkin added that ads that involve relocation are not aimed at a wide audience in any case. Leaving to work in another country even with the existing offer of work on hand is, first of all, a huge emotional component for any specialist. Not such a large percentage is ready for this, even if they initially declare uncompromising readiness: "we know this for sure, we checked it."

Heads Partners has historically worked with a large number of Western companies, even our company name is pro-Western, although the company is Russian. Our Western colleagues massively interrupted cooperation this year with us against the background of political and economic restrictions, and most of them stopped their activities in Russia. However, we observe that many of them leave the door ajar for the possibility of cooperation with Russian IT specialists, despite geopolitics and Russophobic sentiments, - said the managing director of Heads Partners. - This once again highlights the high level of Russian specialists and the attitude towards them in the Western business community.

The Western audience appreciates Russian talents: they are hardworking, sociable, often we are talking about specialists with a high level of intelligence and developed abilities. And, as Heads Partners see from today's communication with Western companies, the business audience is ready to continue to interact with Russian IT specialists. Therefore, it is not surprising that some of them offer Russian professionals relocation packages, Alexander Abramkin believes.

In Russia, adopted a law on simplifying the employment of foreign IT specialists

On June 15, 2022, the State Duma in the third (final) reading adopted a law on simplifying the employment of foreign IT specialists. They and their family members will be able to receive a residence permit (residence permit) in Russia in a simplified manner.

We are talking about specialists who work in Russian IT companies with state accreditation - it is issued by the Ministry of Digital Development. To obtain a residence permit in the Russian Federation, such employees, as well as members of their families, will not need to have a temporary residence permit.

Also, the law gives employers the right to attract foreign IT specialists to work without permission to use foreign workers. The specialists themselves are invited to give the opportunity to work in Russia without the appropriate permission or patent.

At the same time, the new procedure will not affect certain categories of citizens - employees of foreign legal entities "performing installation (supervision) work, service and warranty services, as well as post-warranty repairs" of technical equipment supplied to Russia.

The innovation will create additional favorable conditions for attracting foreign IT specialists to work in accredited organizations, providing them with the possibility of permanent residence on Russian territory, the State Duma added.

According to the norms of the residence permit in force by June 15, 2022, according to a simplified scheme, foreigners can receive highly qualified specialists and members of their families, as well as representatives of the approved list of demanded professions. Everyone else needs at least a year to live in Russia on the basis of a temporary residence permit to obtain a residence permit. Amendments to the law "On the legal status of foreign citizens in Russia" were developed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Labor.^[36]

The Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation threatened to deprive IT companies of benefits for the forced dismissal of Ukrainians

At the end of May 2022, Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation threatened to deprive IT companies of benefits for the forced dismissal of Ukrainians. This was reported in the Telegram channel of the department.

The Ministry of Digital Development warns IT companies that it will deprive them of accreditation if it receives confirmation of the facts of forced dismissal of Ukrainian citizens. Thus, these companies will not be able to receive benefits, the ministry said.

The fact that in the Russian Federation companies began to dismiss or transfer to lower positions IT specialists of Ukrainian origin, May 24, 2022 reported to RBC with reference to two participants in the IT market. This information was confirmed to the publication by the head of the ANO "Information Culture" Ivan Begtin. According to him, such an unspoken requirement may come from state customers of companies. At the same time, the interlocutors of the publication did not specify which companies are in question.

The same issue was discussed by the participants of the Russian Internet Forum on the sidelines, it was a question of the fact that such decisions are made in order to avoid sabotage. The security services also "closely" monitor employees from Ukraine and those who have relatives there - they do not recommend working with such specialists, especially if they have access to business-critical data and infrastructure.

Begtin noted that Russia lacks IT specialists, but there are risks in the form of sabotage: according to the expert, they are already taking place in Russian companies.

On May 24, 2022, the Ministry of Digital Development announced that it did not have data "even on isolated cases" of the dismissal of Ukrainian programmers. But just in case, the business warned about the inadmissibility of such discrimination. The agency added that it is in favor of simplifying the procedure for obtaining a residence permit for foreign IT specialists and their families.^[37]

Russoft: the number of IT specialists who left and returned to Russia has equaled

According to Russoft, the number of IT specialists who left and returned to Russia in May 2022 equaled. As the president of the association, Valentin Makarov, wrote in his Telegram channel, by the end of April 2022, about 25-30 thousand IT specialists left the Russian Federation, the next month the pace of departure decreased significantly, and the process of returning began.

According to Makarov, IT specialists are returning due to the fact that there is no mass mobilization in Russia (which, in fact, many were afraid of), and the living conditions in the countries of mass relocation were worse than it seemed from Russia.

In addition, in European countries, IT specialists met the hostile attitude of the local population and sometimes the aggressive attitude of migrants from Ukraine, Makarov said.

He noted that those IT specialists who speak foreign languages ​ ​ and represent one of the following categories mainly leave Russia:

• employees of offices of foreign IT companies in Russia who decided to close their offices in Russia (30% of the number of office employees, 70% are understood by large Russian IT companies);
• employees of exporting companies who have problems with customer refusals from working with Russia due to "secondary sanctions" and with the transfer of work fees from banks of unfriendly countries to Russian banks (6-7%);
• freelancers.

According to the results of the annual survey conducted by Russoft, by the end of May 2022, the departure of employees of Russian IT companies operating in the Russian market does not exceed 1-1.5%.

According to HeadHunter, which were released at the end of May 2022, 12% of employers in Russia increased salaries for IT specialists. 56% of companies reported that since the end of February 2022, not a single IT specialist of their company has gone abroad. 14% of companies left units, another 14% said that less than 5% of the IT staff left the country. ^[38]

Shadayev: 80% of citizens who left Russia after the start of the special operation returned home, most of them are IT specialists

80% of Russian citizens who left the country after the start of a special operation in Ukraine on February 24, 2022 returned to the Russian Federation. Most of them are IT professionals. This was announced on May 17, 2022 by the Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media Maksut Shadayev.

According to him, the analysis of how many people left after the start of the special operation, and how many of them returned, was carried out using SIM-cards. The head of the Ministry of Digital Development called the figures announced by him "encouraging." Shadayev added that he sees from large companies that "the entire personnel backbone remains in Russia."

The director RAEC Sergey Plugotarenko is confident that one of the fundamental tasks for both business and business states is to create such conditions so that specialists remain working in Russia.

We understand that in order for this to happen, in order to stop the outflow of IT personnel, it is necessary to strengthen support for a technological business, and especially pay attention to industry professionals. We see that large-scale, and most importantly, operational work is being carried out in this direction, "he said.

The British newspaper The Guardian in April 2022 released material that spoke about the mass return to Russia of Russians who left after the start of the special operation. Journalists talked with such citizens of the Russian Federation and concluded that the hasty decision to flee Russia came across the harsh reality of emigration, especially given the closure of borders and sanctions against banks. Although many Russians left their homeland forever, others still had to return to take care of elderly sick parents in order to run a business in order to save their family or simply earn a living, the publication said.

According to experts interviewed by the publication, the wave of emigration from Russia, provoked by the special operation, is an unusual phenomenon. It was spurred by rumors of forced mobilization, which from time to time spread in the information space, and highly educated people began to leave Russia, who most often left for small countries.^[39]

FSIN wants to allow convicted IT specialists to work remotely for business

On April 27, 2022, it became known about the plans of the Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) to allow convicted IT specialists to work remotely for business. According to the deputy head of the department , Alexander Khabarov, several regions have made such a proposal. Read more here.

Authorities want to revive the post-graduation student distribution system. Start with IT shniki

On April 26, 2022, it became known that the Development Council digital economy Federation Council made a proposal to return the student distribution system after their graduation from educational institutions. This idea was voiced as part of a package of other proposals for the development of personnel potential in the the Russian IT industry.

The distribution system existed in the Soviet Union and obliged all students of budget departments who graduated from universities, colleges and technical schools to work where the system would distribute them. In the USSR, the mandatory distribution was three years - at the end of this period, specialists could change their place of work, and sometimes their place of residence.

The idea of ​ ​ the Council for the Development of the Digital Economy under the Federation Council is the mandatory distribution of state students not for three years, but for five years. It is proposed to distribute the newly made IT specialists exclusively to enterprises of the military-industrial complex (defense industry complex).

It is not yet clear how society will respond to this idea of ​ ​ the Federation Council. The consequences can be very different - for example, students of budget departments in IT specialties can begin to be transferred to paid places in order to decide for themselves where they will work after receiving a diploma.

It should be noted that this is the second proposal that significantly limits IT specialists in terms of choosing not only the place of work, but also the place of residence over the past month. At the end of March 2022, a bill appeared in Russia, greatly complicating IT specialists from Russia.

The author of the document is Concord, the company of businessman-restaurateur Yevgeny Prigozhin. The Russian Ministry of Digital Development was among the first to respond to the appearance of the bill, saying that it was resolutely against such restrictions.

According to the source, after the appearance of this document, the authorities had to take emergency measures to extinguish the "extremely nervous reaction" of the IT industry to the Concorde ideas. The Ministry of Digital Development and Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko held several meetings with representatives of the IT sphere, the result of which was additional indulgences for her. In particular, the authorities promised to increase grant funding for the industry three times or by 14 billion rubles. They were also forced to agree to many of the demands of IT companies.

The proposal of the Council for the Development of the Digital Economy under the Federation Council to return and tighten the student distribution system is a consequence of the current situation with personnel in the IT industry. Specialists leave the country - their massive outflow began in late February 2022 and continued throughout March 2022. Speaking at a meeting of the Council, First Deputy Speaker of the Federation Council Andrei Turchak said that a shortage of about 1 million programmers was recorded in Russia for April 2022. According to him, at the end of 2021, there were 1.7 million IT specialists in Russia^[40] the^[41].

National project: an increase in the annual influx of personnel in radio electronics by 9 times by 2030

On April 19, 2022, it became known about a new national project for the development of the electronic industry in Russia. The project assumes that by 2030 the annual influx of personnel in this market will increase from 1 thousand to 9 thousand specialists involved in the production and design of radio electronics.

Details are provided by Kommersant with reference to the presentation that the Ministry of Industry and Trade sent to key players in the industry. According to the document, annually Russian universities graduate 20 thousand specialized specialists a year, but only 5% remain in the profession. In total, about 300 thousand people work in the electronic industry, the average age of half of which is 45-50 years. Young personnel (20-29 years old) account for only 2%. According to the authors of the project, the implementation of the set goals will allow by 2030 to additionally prepare and retain about 60 thousand specialists in the industry, fully providing Russian enterprises with personnel.

Director of the Institute of Radio Engineering Systems and Management of SFU Anton Boldyrev believes that closer integration of universities with industrial enterprises will help increase the number of students ready to work in the specialty at specialized enterprises.

{{quote 'Need to put more emphasis on industry. If there are orders for our design bureaus, we will be able not only to carry out these research and development work RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (), but also to train students on them, "he says. }} Arseny Brykin, director of the Basis consortium, noted that salaries in the industry are growing slowly, university graduates would like to have a high salary at the start, but in fact they receive 40-60 thousand rubles at specialized enterprises. In addition, not everywhere they strive to involve a talented graduate in a large-scale and interesting project. As a result, someone changes the scope of activity, and someone goes to more attractive companies for payment, including foreign ones. The situation is aggravated by the fact that after the start of events in Ukraine, foreign companies with development centers in the Russian Federation offer Russian employees to move to other countries.^[42]

Russian artificial intelligence remains without specialists

The incessant outflow of IT personnel abroad hit artificial intelligence and neural networks the hardest. In this segment, competition among specialists has almost completely disappeared - at best, there are two candidates for one open vacancy. This became known on April 11, 2022.

The shortage of specialists was formed in the first quarter of 2022, about half of which fell on the special operation and the subsequent anti-Russian sanctions. The problem is fixed in the segments of artificial intelligence, machine learning, neural networks and programming languages ​ ​ in the field of artificial intelligence.

Less than two applicants for one vacancy is an extremely low figure for the IT industry. For comparison, on average, for this area, there are three specialists per open vacancy who want to get this job.

In the same first quarter of 2022, the minimum number of newly created or updated resumes of specialists in the field of artificial intelligence was also noticeable. Such turned out to be within 16 thousand, while in the industry as a whole, more than 12.5 times more resumes were placed - over 200 thousand.

Anti-Russian sanctions certainly influenced the rate of outflow of neural network specialists abroad, but did not become their root cause. According to experts interviewed by the publication, this problem lasts for years, but the events of February and March 2022 aggravated the situation.

Companies cannot hire specialists in this field from Russian universities for the past three years due to low competencies, "said an unnamed source in the industry, commenting on the situation with a shortage of personnel in the field of programming languages ​ ​ for AI.

Representatives of the Russian IT industry directly say that domestic universities pay almost no attention to training personnel in the direction of artificial intelligence. This opinion was expressed, in particular, by the head of the director of the company's development center Artezio (part of the LANIT"" group Dmitry Parshin,), saying that "for academic education, focus on this direction is not a priority."

"Graduates need to be additionally trained in the conditions of modern software development, so private companies are engaged in the internal education of specialists in their own laboratories, invest in training," said Dmitry Parshin.

It is necessary to bring the education system and curricula to real market demands, - said Dmitry Parshin, noting that without this the shortage of AI specialists in Russia will only grow.

Domestic universities, although not all, have already taken a course on the training of AI personnel. Thus, at the Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman, a specialized department "Artificial Intelligence Technologies" is being created, at which "it is planned to develop AI as a critical infrastructure technology for the state," representatives of the university said.

In addition to the knowledge about the use of AI, which our graduates already own, it is necessary to be able to create and customize the "tool" for applied tasks, they added.

Meanwhile, at the time of publication of the material, it was not known at what stage of its formation this department is located.

MIPT believes that in order to obtain a sufficient amount of necessary knowledge in the field of artificial intelligence technologies, it is not at all necessary to study for four to six years. This opinion is shared by Alexey Maleev, Director of the MIPT IT Education Development Center.

Not every employer can clearly put a request, which affects the search for specialists, - said Alexey Maleev[43].

The developers named the most "influential" IT specialties

The top 3 IT specialties that have the greatest impact on business results include backend developers (33.7%), system analysts (29.9%) and data specialists (27.2%). Such data were obtained from a survey of 1509 developers conducted in March 2021 by analysts of the All Cups platform from VK, the Skolkovo Foundation and IT One. The All Cups platform announced this on March 24, 2022.

Respondents also named testers (21.5%), architects of high-load services (14.5%), frontend developers (9.2%) and SRE engineers (7.6%) as important for business. More than a third of respondents (35.8%) believe that without their participation the company will not be able to achieve long-term goals. Every tenth developer is confident that it is his work in the company that ensures the achievement of long-term goals and support for operating activities.

According to the survey, the work of IT specialists has the most impact on the banking and financial sector (40.3%), public service (25.6%) and retail (14.3%). The developers also highly appreciate their role in the fields of marketing and advertising (10%), education and medicine (8% each), space and insurance technologies (6.9% and 5.8%, respectively). At the same time, according to 22.7% of respondents, agriculture is the only business area that is least influenced by IT specialists.

More than half of the study participants (65%) believe that the pandemic has become a catalyst for strengthening their influence on internal corporate processes.

The active development of online in recent years has pushed many companies to digital and technological transformation. The demand for developers is growing in proportion to their level of influence on the business of companies. One of the key objectives of All cups activities is to create an effective platform for assessing the skills of IT specialists, said Anna Stepanova, director of educational projects at VK, head of the online platform All Cups.

Russoft: more than 8 thousand software developers left Russia after the start of the Ukrainian operation

According to the estimates of the Association of Russian Software Manufacturers "Russoft," against the background of events in Ukraine, a little more than 8 thousand software developers left Russia. This was announced on March 24 by the president of the association Valentin Makarov. He considers the figures of more than 50 thousand IT specialists who left the market previously announced on the market to be significantly overestimated.

About 8 thousand people and an indefinite number of freelancers could leave real business, "Makarov said. - But this, of course, is not 50 thousand, which was previously mentioned on the market. The blow is quite strong - a lot of young smart people are leaving who could work for Russia, but not catastrophic.

In the same week, the Russian Association of Electronic Communications (RAEC) cited estimates that in February-March 2022, about 50-70 thousand people working in the IT sector left the country, and in the future this number will only grow. In RAEK, the departure of IT specialists from Russia in February and March is called the "first wave." According to their forecasts, in April another 70-100 thousand of their colleagues will leave the country, which will be considered the "second wave."

Makarov noted that there are companies that are development centers of foreign organizations, and which have instructions from abroad to close the office in Russia. Some of the people from these offices will be leaving. Usually the strongest are taken abroad. Russoft and companies that are not part of the association are now doing a lot of work to absorb the released mass of people and employ them in Russia.

Another category is companies that operate for export. They refuse part of the contracts, bans on the transfer of money from abroad. This, of course, is a blow that also caused some outflow of specialists, but these companies work on the Russian market, says the president of Russoft. There is also a segment of freelance coders that has suffered, and from where there is also an outflow.

At the same time, Makarov believes, some people are leaving now not because of an objective need, but because they are influenced by the information war waged by unfriendly countries against Russia, spreading a flurry of negativity on social networks.

Valentin Makarov is confident that due to the Western sanctions imposed on Russia, there will be no deterioration in living conditions in the country to such an extent as to further cause an increased outflow of IT specialists.

Russian business is so used to various crises that it is very quickly oriented in the world and quickly finds the optimal alternative ways, channels, etc. While companies, for example, are offered options for working with the state, they already have time to find a way out themselves, - said the president of Russoft in a conversation with TAdviser.

Pressure on Russia encourages local companies to act more actively, while without pressure the business can be said to be resting, added Valentin Makarov.

IT professionals in the tens of thousands are leaving Russia

Russia was covered by a large outflow of IT specialists abroad. According to the Russian Association of Electronic Communications (RAEC), in February-March 2022, about 50-70 thousand people working in the field of information technology left the country, and in the future this number will only grow.

In RAEK, the departure of IT specialists from Russia in February and March 2022 is called the "first wave." According to their forecasts, in April 2022, another 70-100 thousand of their colleagues will leave the country, which will be considered the "second wave."

The first wave - 50-70 thousand people have already left. The second wave is restrained only by the fact that there are expensive tickets, housing has grown, no one is waiting for Russians, and there is no financial connectivity, it is impossible to carry out transactions. But the second wave will definitely be, according to our forecast, from 70 thousand to 100 thousand people will leave in April. These are just IT specialists, - said the head of RAEK Sergey Plugotarenko.

Plugotarenko said this at the meeting "Development of the IT industry in the context of sanctions" in the State Duma.

Natalya Kasperskaya, President of InfoWatch Group of Companies, also spoke about the mass move of Russian IT specialists to other countries. She also drew attention to the fact that their outflow intensified in February-March 2022, when the ruble collapsed in the country, and dozens of foreign IT companies left the Russian market.

How many IT personnel have already left Russia, and how many more are "sitting on suitcases," Kasperskaya did not specify. She only drew attention to the fact that many of those who had moved had not yet quit. In her opinion, they will "sit, sit and return."

Natalya Kasperskaya believes that in order to return IT specialists to the country, the Russian authorities should take "propaganda measures, reassurance and other PR events." What exactly she means by this remains unknown.

Natalya Kasperskaya warned back in June 2020 that Russia was on the verge of a mass flight of IT personnel abroad. She stated that the mass outflow would continue for two years due to the deteriorating economic situation in the country. But at that time, the problem was hiding only in the coronavirus pandemic, due to which Russia went into self-isolation, and many Russians lost their jobs. According to Kasperskaya, in 2020-2021, it was planned to leave Russia from 10 thousand to 15 thousand specialists in the field of information technology.

Now the situation is different - Russia is under the oppression of international sanctions, and the ruble has fallen to historically low values ​ ​ against the vast majority of the world's main currencies. All this caused a sharp jump in prices and a shortage of some goods.

Back in early 2021, an acute shortage of IT personnel was recorded in the country. The Ministry of Digital Development calculated that in February 2021, Russia lacked from 500 thousand to 1 million specialists in various fields of information technology. Plus, analysts from the ministry stressed that there are not enough budget places for IT specialties in Russian universities - there are only 80 thousand of them.

IT specialists from various fields, including "security guards," are leaving the country. In mid-March CNews , he wrote that not only individual personnel, but also entire firms were leaving. Almost a third INFORMATION SECURITY of companies operating in Russia are going to leave the country in the near future and take staff with them. Signs of an acute shortage of "security workers" in the country appeared back in December 2021. The deputy chairman of the board Sberbank Stanislav Kuznetsov said then that the country lacks 20 thousand such personnel.

Already in November 2021, long before the special operation and the subsequent sanctions, it was clear that a crisis with IT personnel was brewing in the country. Even then, most of the specialists were ready to leave the country or work for a foreign company, and the main reason was money. Workers did not want to put up with the economic situation in the country and, on the contrary, wanted to earn more in order to increase their standard of living, not depending on the Russian^[44] Russia in^[45].

The number of IT vacancies in the public sector has doubled in Russia

From February 24, 2022, when Russia it launched a special operation on, to To Ukraine mid-March 2022, the number of IT vacancies in the public sector sharply increased. This is evidenced by the data. HeadHunter

According to Kommersant, citing statistics from the recruiting service, the position of the system administrator of vacancies has increased by 111%, the position of a technical support specialist - by 101%, and the web engineer - by 120%. The demand for technical specialists is growing both in the capital's departments and in regional ones.

The Ministry of Digital Development linked this situation with an increase in the volume of grants and loans for the development and implementation of domestic software platforms, which should replace foreign solutions. In March 2022, the department itself had vacancies for a specialist in the department for the development of cloud services and data management with a salary of 40-50 thousand rubles, the newspaper said.

Sergey Matusevich, Director of Web Technology Development at Artezio (part of the Lanit group), explained that the increase in the number of IT vacancies in the public sector is associated with a decrease in support from service companies that used to be engaged in maintenance and site development. Yulia Zarya, head of marketing at CrossTech Solutions Group, added that the number of DDoS attacks on the public sector has grown, which requires increased attention and more workers.

In connection with the sanctions and events that provoked them, the number of people wishing to leave for another jurisdiction has increased in the IT environment, confirms Nikolai Komlev, chairman of the Council of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Digital Economy. Therefore, according to him, the Ministry of Digital Development, other departments and state corporations are actively deploying import substitution projects that are able to attract and employ additional personnel.

Russian IT-Business and the state understand that the brain drain is disastrous for the industry and the country's economy as a whole, Komlev added.[46]

ISShnik from STP. Can secondary vocational education meet the staff shortage in information security?

Information security is one of the areas in IT where the shortage of personnel is most acute. Which year it is stated by both employers and regulators in Russia. And in 2020-2021. amid the growth of cyber attacks and increased control of regulators over compliance with legislation on the protection of critical information infrastructure, the need for information security has grown even more. At Sberbank, the current shortage of specialists at the end of 2021 was called a "personnel disaster," and the FSTEC recorded that due to the shortage of information security, it happens that people from accounting are involved in information security.

Employers mainly want to hire IB-personnel with higher education. But how much training programs for the level of secondary vocational education could help relieve tension in the personnel issue?

In 2021 , the Ministry of Labor provided TAdviser with data that 29% of organizations in Russia plan to increase the number of specialists in the field of information security. These are the results of a study commissioned by the department and covering 18 thousand organizations from all regions of the country. In 2020, according to the Ministry of Labor, the need for IB-personnel with higher education in organizations totaled about 13.3 thousand people, while with secondary education and professionally retrained personnel on the basis of higher and secondary vocational education there were a total of about 5.1 thousand people.

Back in 2009 , the Ministry of Education and Science, by its order (order 335), approved a list of specialties in secondary vocational education, which included 5 specialties in the field of information security. As of the beginning of 2022, one of the largest sites for applicants - Postupi.online - has 89 secondary special educational institutions in 41 cities offering certain training programs for middle-level specialists in the field of information security. There are also 94 universities preparing specialties in the field of information security, 102 universities offering training in the field of information security at the bachelor's level, and 19 universities with a master's degree.

According to the HSE, in 2019, about 5.4 thousand students were accepted for training in secondary vocational education programs in information security^[47]

At the same time, the level of satisfaction with the training of graduates with secondary vocational education is quite low - only 40%, according to a 2020 study commissioned by the Ministry of Labor. For comparison, about 70% of organizations are satisfied with the training of graduates with higher education and professional retraining.

The vice president Rostelecom of "" for information security Igor Lyapunov noted in a conversation with TAdviser that now the training period for information security specialists with higher education is 6 years, and this is a very long time. At the same time, he believes, higher education is not needed to solve about 80% of cybersecurity problems. If you take part of the specialties of information security to the level of secondary special education, then the training time for specialists can be reduced to 2 years.

Most functions in information security are applied disciplines. And, according to the observations of Igor Lyapunov, the largest recruitment is now going on in specialties related to the first monitoring line, the first response line. Such specialists do not need, for example, knowledge of higher mathematics and the extensive theory that higher education in the field of information security usually gives. They need practical skills in the first place. Such skills can be trained in a few months, which Rostelecom does as part of its trainee programs.

And then it is enough to load up on a certain amount of knowledge, and you get a good initial specialist, - believes the top manager of Rostelecom.

Based on this idea, Rostelecom and the educational center "Sirius" are discussing the joint launch of educational programs that allow them to obtain specialties related to cybersecurity within the framework of secondary special education.

With the right approach, training information security specialists based on secondary professional educational institutions can help unload universities in this part, shared his opinion with TAdviser and well-known information security expert, business security consultant Cisco SystemsAleksey Lukatsky. But there is a lack of awareness of the existence of such programs nationwide. Many simply do not know that after school you can go to study not at a university, but at a college or technical school, get a decent education there and get a good salary at the exit.

People don't go there because they basically want to have a college degree. But, receiving secondary education in the field of information security, you can also have a good salary, and if you wish, you can continue your education later at the university, the expert notes.

According to Alexei Lukatsky, efforts are needed from relevant departments to popularize the opportunity to receive information security education within the framework of secondary vocational education programs and redirect the flow of graduates from schools to such institutions.

Kh5 Group Information Security Director Alexander Markov expressed to TAdviser the point of view that cybersecurity specialists value primarily real human experience, and not education or the availability of specialized certificates. The company often sees that IT specialists who have already worked as a network administrator, developer or architect come to a position in cybersecurity. Most of them have higher technical education without specialization in cybersecurity.

In addition, there are specialists in the field of cybersecurity with humanitarian education. In other words, education is not the most important factor when choosing a person in a team.

At the same time, cybersecurity specialists in their work often face complex tasks unique to a specific environment. How effective the solution will be depends on how good the employee has a theoretical base and whether he can apply it. Can a person look for optimal solutions, not just guided by the requirements of legislation or regulations, but to a certain extent understanding what protection methods exist, what are their pros and cons, what underlies them, how this or that means of protecting information works and not only this, but also how the technologies work and work. In this sense, I see the difference between people with and without higher technical education, "says Alexander Markov.

The training of a specialist does not end only with a university or college. It is the experience of applying knowledge in practice that is important. It is probably worth remembering that students of senior courses of universities for the most part are already beginning to receive this experience, including working part-time. In addition to this, large companies oversee technological departments in some universities.

All this, notes Alexander Markov, allows companies that are ready to invest in students first of all, to get a cybersecurity specialist with a strong theoretical base, a wide outlook, experience behind their backs and a company already adapted into culture.

In my understanding, with a meticulously drawn up intensive program of secondary special education, you can train specialists in a number of areas. SOC This will to a certain extent help relieve tension in the current situation with personnel in cybersecurity, and this is certainly worth developing. However, I would not talk about "solving the problem" in this way alone. Higher technical education, regardless of specialization, remains preferable for most cybersecurity employees, - believes the director of information security of the Kh5 Group.

2021

The Ministry of Labor assessed the need of Russian organizations for information security specialists. Details of the Big Study

29% of Russian organizations plan to increase the number of specialists in the field of information security, according to a study conducted in 2021, the results of which were shared with TAdviser in the Ministry of Labor. A study commissioned by the ministry was carried out by its subordinate All-Russian Research Institute of Labor in order to determine the need of organizations for personnel and identify prospects for the development of professional qualifications in the field of information security.

The study involved about 18 thousand organizations from all regions of Russia. The highest demand among participants is noted for mid-level positions (64% of vacancies). The vacancy rate of leading specialists (chief, leading specialists) amounted to 26%, and initial levels (trainees, assistants) - 2%.

The top 3 most popular areas of training included "Information Security of Automated Systems" (specialty), "Computer Security" (specialty) and "Information Security" (bachelor's and master's degree).

If we talk about the compliance of the level of training of graduates with the requirements of employers, then the respondents rated specialists with higher education to the greatest extent. Thus, 87% of respondents gave high marks for the training of graduates of the specialty and magistracy.

Those organizations in which work is underway to ensure information security and have appropriate services predict the emergence of new specialties. These are "a specialist in the security of critical infrastructure facilities (by area and industry)," "an expert in computer incidents," "an analyst in identifying cyber attacks of increased complexity," "an analyst in the security of big data technologies" and "an analyst in system security." These specialties, according to respondents, will mainly require higher education (89% of answers).

The structure of demand for the competencies of specialists in the field of information security is dominated by technical skills - knowledge and ability to use special programs and systems (for example, Linux, SIEM, TCP/IP, etc.). General professional competencies are also in demand:

• knowledge in the field of labor legislation, GOST in the field of information technology. In some cases, the need for knowledge of federal laws dated July 18, 2011 No. 223-FZ "On the procurement of goods, works, services by certain types of legal entities" and dated April 5, 2013 No. 44-FZ "On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs" is indicated;

• ability to develop design documentation, negotiate, prepare and conduct presentations, develop draft regulatory documents, keep documentation, design, test and others.

The listed knowledge and skills are quite stable in vacancies placed by employers: both in 2020 and in 2021 they occupy leading positions, the Ministry of Labor notes.

Federal project "Development of IT industry human resources" launched in Russia

In December 2021, it became known about the new federal project "Development of the personnel potential of the IT industry." More than 27 billion rubles are allocated for its implementation, Interfax reports with reference to the appendix to the law on the federal budget for 2022 and the planning period of 2023 and 2024, which is published in the electronic database of the State Duma. Read more here.

Accountant instead of information security. FSTEC checks revealed a critical shortage of information security specialists

FSTEC, based on the results of inspections of organizations' compliance with legislation on the protection of critical information infrastructure (CII) in 2021, revealed an acute shortage of specialists in the field of information security. Elena Torbenko, deputy head of the FSTEC department, told about this in December^[48]

Elena Torbenko recalled that the security system is people, documents and technical security measures that are considered during state control.

As for the first component - people - for some reason there are not enough specialists who are responsible for ensuring safety at enterprises. As I have repeatedly said, one person cannot run through a thousand objects located on 3-4 hectares of the area, and effectively and adequately ensure safety. It's not physically possible. According to the documents, a staff of 10 people was created, and in fact it is 1-2 people, - the representative of the FSTEC outlined the problem.

In addition, they can be unprepared people. Those organizations in which the inspectors from the FSTEC were in 2021 fulfilled all the necessary requirements, but, communicating with the subjects, it can be seen that the organizations have not yet been concerned about working with trained people, Torbenko added.

Unfortunately, there are still moments when security officers are assigned some incomprehensible duties, or when people, for example, from accounting, are appointed responsible for information systems. This is a violation of the law, - said the deputy head of the FSTEC department.

KII subjects, who, on the one hand, must comply with the requirements of regulators, and on the other, are in a situation of IB-personnel shortage, cannot do anything, believes the well-known information security expert, business security consultant Cisco SystemsAleksey Lukatsky. The regulators themselves "tightened the screws," setting rather strict requirements for qualified personnel for the subjects of the CII: it should be either a specialist with a specialized higher education, or a retraining in the field of cybersecurity. And, given that there are several tens of thousands of KII subjects in Russia, and there are no specialists in such numbers, especially in the regions, it is clear that there are not enough personnel on the ground, Lukatsky said in a conversation with TAdviser.

This problem, probably, cannot be solved in the current paradigm, because it can be solved either by reducing the requirements for both KII subjects and the level of education or its confirmation. But neither regulators nor the Ministry of Education and Science are ready to reduce the requirements. And no one will let universities change professional standards just like that. Regulators believe that business should invest in education and train information security specialists or order such education. And the business is not ready to invest in what results will appear at best in 3-4 years, the expert argues.

As a result, we are in a kind of impasse, from which it is not clear how to get out, summed up Alexey Lukatsky.

Igor Lyapunov, vice president for information security at Rostelecom, believes that the current situation should be considered from two sides. On the one hand, if there were no IB-personnel on the market at all, then we could talk about hopelessness. There is a shortage in the market, and it is large, but, nevertheless, there are specialists, he says. And the second - the way out can be found in the training and retraining of specialists. There are ways and tools for this, including various retraining courses.

At the same time, the problem of a shortage of personnel is not only in the presence of people as such, but also in a more, in my opinion, serious plane - in the lack of preparedness of existing personnel. Digitalization, cyber threats, technologies - changes are taking place here at great speed. New types of attacks appear every week, so a quick drink with information is very important. And when we talk about countering cyber attacks and responding to them, it requires a lot of practical skills to repel attacks, the theory is not enough here. Therefore, there is a separate challenge - to prepare existing specialists precisely for practice, - said Lyapunov in a conversation with TAdviser. "

The state, of course, has appropriate areas, for example, cyber polygons, where you can acquire practical-oriented training, but this still remains a challenge, said Rostelecom vice president of information security.

In 2020-2021. the priority of information security increased against the background of accelerated digitalization, the transfer of employees to remote control and in the light of numerous cyber attacks. Ancor Fintech, the structure of the recruiting company Ancor, cited data in mid-2021 that employers are forced to revise their salary policy because companies have entered the market that seek to increase internal expertise and lure away specialists, especially fintech companies and large ecosystems. Beginners with specialized education in the field of information security, but without experience, are offered from 70 thousand rubles, and experts' salaries reach 400 thousand rubles or more, according to Ancor Fintech^[49] The trend when the supply of specialties related to information security in the labor market does not keep up with demand will continue in the next few years, according to Ancor Fintech.

"Sberbank": Russia lacks 20 thousand. IB-specialists

According to Sberbank estimates, by the beginning of December 2021, Russia lacks about 20 thousand information security specialists, and one of the reasons for this problem is the shortage of teachers.

We must boldly admit that we have a personnel disaster in the country in the direction of information security. According to our estimate, at least 20 thousand today cybersecurity employees are a shortage of personnel. But an even greater personnel disaster in the teaching staff, "said Stanislav Kuznetsov, Deputy Chairman of the Board of Sberbank, on December 7, 2021.

According to him, to solve such a big problem, it is necessary to focus on training a large number of teachers.

PwC confirms the acute lack of information security specialists. At the same time, Russian companies are trying to increase the staff of such workers. According to a PwC survey, 42% of companies from the Russian Federation planned to increase the number of cybersecurity specialists in 2021. Approximately 18% of organizations were going to increase their cybersecurity workforce by 5% or more.

Hiring managers face stiff competition in the labor market when looking for cybersecurity specialists. Based on recent studies, only in the United States candidates for positions in the field of cybersecurity are 50% less than vacancies, the study notes.

It also states that 58% of managers from all over the world and 56% from Russia are not sure that cybersecurity budgets provide adequate control over new technologies. Almost half of respondents from Russia (47%) fully agree that organizations can strengthen their cybersecurity systems not by increasing costs, but by automating and rationalizing technologies.^[50]

IT specialists from the CIS began to move to Russia more often

On November 8, 2021, it became known about a sharp increase in CIS the number of IT specialists from who want to get a job in. Russia So, according to Khabr Career, the number of relevant requests from applicants from Belarus January-September 2021 doubled compared to the same period in 2020. Of the Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Ukraine requests, there were 36%, 62% and 22% more, respectively.

The influx from Belarus may be associated with the political situation in the country, Sergei Shilov, president of the Digital Economy League, told Kommersant. He notes that until the beginning of 2020, Belarusian specialists were more often hired by companies that work with customers in Western Europe and North America.

By November 2021, the situation has changed, and Western companies believe that Belarus is not a stable country, and it is risky to send orders there, Shilov suggested.

According to Artem Zyza, product manager of Khabr Career, only half of local IT specialists work for the company from Belarus, and the rest - for other countries. In the first place is Russia, in the second - the United States, in the third - Germany, said Zyza.

According to Solvery mentor Viktor Pavlov, the increase in the number of applicants from the CIS for work in the IT sphere in Russia may be due to the lack of highly paid internal offers.

At the same time, the HR director of the international IT company Softeq Sergey Mustafayev is convinced that a huge number of programmers are still looking for an opportunity to move to the West, and not to the Russian Federation. The conditions provided by large IT companies in Europe and the United States are much more interesting than those given by domestic organizations, agrees Ekaterina Dementieva, HR Director of MyOffice: salaries abroad are at least twice higher than Russian ones, and sometimes the social package is much more attractive.^[51]

Demand for software developers grew by 64%

One of the key trends in the Russian labor market in the field of information technology is the growing demand for IT specialists amid an acute shortage of professional personnel in the industry. In addition, the level of competition between the capital and the regions is growing - more and more IT industry employees prefer to work remotely in Moscow companies, living in their hometown. This conclusion was reached by specialists from the HR Department of the VSK Insurance House and reported this on October 25, 2021.

According to the VSK Insurance House, the number of open vacancies in the IT sector has grown recently by 64%, with software developers becoming the most popular specialists in this area. At the same time, the search for applicants in the IT field is becoming more difficult and more expensive. This is due, firstly, to an increase in salary expectations of potential employees, and secondly, to an acute shortage of professional personnel - analysts, developers and testers, and this trend will continue in the next 2 years

At the same time, the specialists themselves began to more carefully approach the choice of a potential employer. Thus, for 54% of IT specialists, the key factor in choosing a place of work is the competitive level of wages, and 40% consider the friendly atmosphere in the team to be an important criterion, for 39% - the stability and reliability of the company. Least of all IT applicants are concerned about the social responsibility of the company in which they plan to find a job, as well as the prestige and level of expertise of the employer in their field.

In addition, according to VSK, more and more IT specialists prefer to work in the staff of the capital's companies, receive the appropriate wages, and work remotely from their hometown. This trend contributed to a more even distribution of specialists in the field of information technology between the capital and the regions.

Remote rewrote HR processes in most companies. New approaches to attracting, organizing employees, adaptation. And in the first place when managing distributed teams in remote regions, the tasks of adapting and developing employees came out. This is especially true for digital talent. To do this, within the company, we develop communities and various platforms for the exchange of experience and communication. Hackathons, guilds, TechDay, Demo days are the foundation of our community of digital talent and the implementation of the company's digital transformation. As of October 2021, 44% of applicants agree to work only in projects that are interesting for them, so we try to meet expectations as much as possible, - said Olga Sorokina, member of the board of directors, deputy general director for business development of the VSK Insurance House.

Salary €20 thousand per month and welcome bonus of $500 thousand. How Cisco Hants Russian Developers

The Russian developer Iva Technologies often faces the problem of hunting his specialists from foreign vendors, said the CEO of this company, Stanislav Iodkovsky answering TAdviser questions at a press conference "Russoft" in September 2021. According to him, in 2020 there were about 10 attempts to hunt IVA Technologies specialists by the largest corporations.

As an example, Iodkovsky cited Cisco, which came out with a salary offer of about 20 thousand monthly and a residence permit in Holland. The proposal also included "transportation, home and another welcome bonus of about half a million dollars" for one of the key developers^[52]The salary offer is probably in euros, since we are talking about the Netherlands, the CEO of Iva Technologies added later in a conversation with TAdviser.

Stanislav Iodkovsky also clarified that Cisco thus managed to seize the general designer from IVA Technologies, who headed the company's IP phone development project.

In addition to IP phones, the company is also developing a unified communications platform, which is its flagship product, an automatic face recognition system, a mobile wireless underwater radio complex, etc.

Cisco's Russian office could not comment on TAdviser's recruiting approaches in Russia at the time of publication of the material. But in early September 2021, Cisco Vice President Karla Samdal said in an interview with Business Insider that the company wants to become a leader in technology for remote and hybrid work. And in order to succeed in this highly competitive direction, Cisco is ready to poach, among other things, talented top managers from competitors. For this, the company has developed special tactics.

Once Cisco identifies an executive with extensive experience in the right technology area company, negotiations typically last two to four months. Cisco has a successful track record of poaching key positions like Microsoft^[53] employees in this way].

The CEO of IVA Technologies says that in addition to Cisco, attempts to hunt their company's specialists were also made by Huawei, Intel, IBM.

About half of attempts to lure employees are successful. Not everyone wants to change their country of residence, and not everyone is interested in working for foreign companies, Stanislav Iodkovsky explained. In addition, not all developers are free to communicate in English.

At the same time, the personal experience of the company says that some Russian developers are returning back to Russia because they could not adapt to the mentality abroad, Iodkovsky said. On the issue of mentality, Russoft President Valentin Makarov at a press conference noted that Americans and Europeans with their gender policy and sexual education for children themselves stimulate the return of Russian developers: "the gender issue is a huge incentive for Russian citizens to return to Russia," he said.

According to Stanislav Iodkovsky, IVA Technologies employs about 15 specialists who left, but returned and chose this company as a place of work. Such cases are not uncommon, he believes.

Artak Hovhannisyan, deputy general director of Epam, on the contrary, believes that cases of return to Russia after moving occur infrequently. At the Russoft press conference, he also noted that IT is not a problem for IT to find a job in Silicon Valley, and now, in addition to Silicon Valley, the whole world is sucking out talents.

Demand growth for programmers by 72%

Over the year, the demand for programmers in Russia increased by 72%, in Moscow - by 70% and St. Petersburg - by 78%. This was announced on September 13, 2021 by HeadHunter.

Moscow in 2021 accounts for 38% of posted vacancies for programmers, one in six - in St. Petersburg. In total, from January to September 2021, 224.5 thousand vacancies for programmers were posted in Russia. The most noticeable demand for programmers has grown in the Republic of Karelia, the Orenburg region and the Smolensk region - on average, twice.

66% of vacancies for programmers opened since the beginning of 2021 assumed a standard full time, another 26% - a remote schedule. The share of such vacancies compared to 2020 has almost doubled (a year ago, programmers were offered remote work only in 14% of vacancies). Another 7% of vacancies offer flexible working hours.

The most common requirement for the experience of programmers is from a year to three years, such a range is indicated in exactly half (50%) of vacancies. 36% are suitable for applicants with experience from three to six years, every tenth vacancy (10%) is for developers with no experience. In 3% of vacancies, experience from six years is required.

As noted in HH, there are only 1.4 resumes per programmer vacancy for September 2021 - that is, there is almost no competition among applicants, and employers have difficulty finding suitable candidates.

The proposed salary in vacancies for programmers exceeds the average by to the country 2.5 times: 132.9 thousand rubles against 50 thousand. The highest salaries for programmers are offered in Moscow (174.5 thousand), (St. Petersburg 152.2 thousand) and in (Novosibirsk region 143.7 thousand). - Sverdlovsk region in sixth place, 115.2 thousand rubles. By the way, the lowest salary is offered to developers in the Republic (Buryatia 54.5 thousand rubles) and in (62.3 Murmansk region thousand rubles).

Programmers without work experience, as a rule, claim a salary of 45-55 thousand rubles, with experience from one to three years - 65-90 thousand, from three to six years - 90-120 thousand. Salary expectations for developers with six years of experience start at 130 thousand rubles.

In the spring of 2021, we conducted a survey among IT specialists (including programmers and developers): it turned out that the ideal employer for them is an employer that provides the opportunity to work remotely (68% noted this option), and also pays a higher salary than other companies (67%). More than half (57%) said that the ideal employer has a good, positive atmosphere in the company, as well as a team of professionals who can learn a lot from them. The top 3 technical features that IT specialists appreciate are the use of the current technology stack (74%), the latest technological equipment (70%) and the peculiarities of building processes within the team (70%), - said Maria Ignatova, head of research hh.ru.

Launch of 29 new programs of the Digital Professions project, 50% of the cost of courses is paid by the state

In early September 2021, training in 29 new programs of the Digital Professions project became available in Russia, within which the state pays half the cost of courses. Russians got the opportunity to learn preferentially in the following areas:

• Data Science;
• web analytics;
• Product Manager;
• mobile development;
• developer; Python
• data analysis technologies;
• software testing;
• artificial intelligence technologies;
• web development;
• developer C++ and others.

In total, 38 programs are available within the framework of the Digital Professions project. The training lasts at least 250 academic hours, of which 144 hours are devoted to programming, said Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko, whose words are quoted by the Ministry of Digital Development press service.

It is noted that the project operator is the competence center for personnel for the digital economy of the University 20.35. When applying, students need to register on the Leader ID resource, fill out a participant questionnaire on a digital platform, wait for the questionnaire to be checked and select a program in the directory.

Citizens of the Russian Federation over 16 years old with secondary vocational or higher education can participate in the project. The number of participants who are given the opportunity to study in IT with financial support from the state is limited.

The online course within the framework of the Digital Professions project is offered by Netology, Yandex.Workshop, Innopolis University, ITMO, NTI Center for Educational Competencies and Involta Education. Later in the fall of 2021, new programs will be provided by GeekBrains, Skillfactory, Skyeng, 1C-Education, HackerU, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, MSTU named after N.E. Bauman, REU named after G.V. Plekhanov and others.^[54]

The government allocated 9 billion rubles to teach schoolchildren IT professions

On September 6, 2021, it became known that the Government of the Russian Federation allocated 9 billion rubles to teach schoolchildren IT professions. The corresponding project was Ministry of Digital Development included in the strategy of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation.

We are talking about a project that will allow talented schoolchildren from the 8th-11th grade to take an additional two-year course in information technology training. It is assumed that the funds laid down in the federal budget will help to prepare 240 thousand schoolchildren until 2024. In 2022, the first 100 thousand schoolchildren will receive such an opportunity, and by 2030 1.2 million children will be trained, the Deputy Prime Minister said Dmitry Chernyshenko at a meeting of the President Russia Vladimir Putin with moderators and speakers of key sessions of the Eastern Economic Forum.

According to the deputy chairman of the government, organizations will help schoolchildren form an interest in programming and IT specialties.

Children will more often choose computer science when passing the Unified State Exam, this will generally increase the level of knowledge, average score and, as a result, the number of applicants to universities for IT specialties, he said (his words are quoted by the press service of the Government of the Russian Federation).

The first recruitment for programs will open in 2022 as part of the federal project "Personnel for the Digital Economy." Leading Russian IT companies will be involved in the training, Dmitry Chernyshenko said.

In September 2021, training began on 29 new programs of the Digital Professions project, which is part of the Digital Economy national program and allows you to receive IT education at half the cost. The course was opened in such areas as Data Science, web analytics, Product Manager, mobile development, Python developer, data analysis technologies, software testing, artificial intelligence technologies, web development, etc.^[55]

The Ministry of Labor approved the professional standard "Specialist in modeling, collection and analysis of digital trace data"

At the end of July 2021, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation registered an order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, which approves the professional standard "Specialist in modeling, collecting and analyzing digital trace data." The document will enter into force on March 1, 2022 and will be valid for six years.

According to the order published on the official portal of legal information, the main goal of the type of professional activity is to improve the quality of management and other decisions based on the results of a comprehensive analysis of the digital footprint of a person (groups of people) and information and communication systems.

The concept of "digital footprint" is not deciphered in the order, but earlier the developers of the document explained that the digital footprint is "data on educational, professional or other human activities presented in electronic form, left by users in information and telecommunication networks. The digital footprint can be left intentionally, in order to achieve the user's planned goal, and unintentionally, in the implementation of various types of activities. " Digital footprint analysis is actively used to solve a wide range of problems in various sectors of the economy, while in certain activities, such as online trading and targeting, it is system-forming.

The order was developed to fulfill paragraph 4 of the order of the President of the Russian Federation of October 25, 2019:

{{quote 'The Government of the Russian Federation, with the participation of the Agency for Strategic Initiatives, the Union "Young Professionals (WorldSkills Russia)" and the National Council under the President of the Russian Federation for professional qualifications, to implement a pilot project for the accelerated (no more than 1 year) renewal of professional standards for promising professions of the future and updating federal state educational standards, as well as relevant educational programs^[56]" ^[57]"}}

Growth in demand for IT specialists from the regions

As it became known on April 13, 2021, in the first quarter in Russia, the demand for IT specialists from the regions increased, due to which companies are trying to reduce costs. This trend was reported by the recruiting company Benchmark Executive, as well as specialists from the HeadHunter portal and market participants.

According to the latter, in January-February 2020, regional specialists accounted for 65% of invitations by Moscow companies, and in November-December the figure reached 74-75%. At the same time, the number of invitations of candidates from their "own" region (from 40% to 35%) and even Moscow (from 21% to 18%) decreases.

Benchmark Executive notes that if earlier the difference between the salaries of IT specialists in Moscow and St. Petersburg compared to the regions was about 30-40%, then by the first quarter of 2021 the amounts were almost equal.

According to HeadHunter estimates, in the first quarter, the average actual salary of a software developer or programmer amounted to 165.4 thousand rubles in Moscow, showing an increase of 2.9% on an annualized basis, in St. Petersburg - 136.8 thousand rubles (+ 6.5%).

In the context of a shortage of personnel, the wishes of regional IT specialists for salaries increased by 20% over the year, says Daria Afanasyeva, head of recruiting at Korus Consulting Group. If earlier developers and testers had an advantage in the regions, then about a year ago the demand for the positions of system and business analysts began to increase, the expert adds. According to her, in the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, many specialists returned to their hometowns to work remotely, but to maintain the previous level of earnings.

Natalya Likhodevskaya, Director of HR at Softline, noted that the difference in salaries in IT positions in Moscow and the regions by 2021 does not exceed 20-25%, although earlier it was much higher.^[58]

2020

The number of ICT specialists in Russia increased by 10%

By the end of 2020, there were 1.76 million specialists in the field of information and communication technologies in Russia, which is 10% more than a year earlier, when there were 1.67 million people. Such data with reference to Rosstat were cited at the Institute for Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge of the Higher School of Economics.

Almost 81% of developers on the Russian labor market at the end of 2020 fell on software developers. The second largest category with a 5.4% share is made up of software and application developers and analysts who are not included in other categories included in the research. System analysts, web developers (this includes creators of multimedia applications) and application programmers accounted for 5.2%, 4.5% and 4% of the market, respectively.

In the category of database and network specialists, system administrators are the most widely represented - they accounted for 55.7% of such specialists in 2020. Next are database and network specialists who were not included in other groups (24.4%), as well as computer network specialists (11.1%) and database designers and administrators (8.8%).

In ICT companies, it was the specialists in information and communication technologies that accounted for 42.2% of the state in 2020. Another 11.5% were other ICT-intensive professionals. In IT companies, these indicators are estimated at 71.8% and 8.5%, respectively, in telecom - 32.5% and 14.8%, respectively.

According to HSE estimates, in the finance and insurance sector, the share of specialists intensively using ICT in 2020 amounted to 46.7%, in professional, scientific and technical activities - 31.7%, in the public sector - 22.8%, in wholesale and retail trade - 13.1%, in the real estate market - 11.3%, in the educational segment - 8.9%.

The full report is here.

The staff of Russian software developers has grown by a record 12%, to 200 thousand people

The total number of personnel of Russian software developers in 2020 reached 200 thousand people, an increase of 12% compared to 2019. This dynamics turned out to be a record for the industry, according to Russoft. The data were released in July 2021.

According to experts, about 10 thousand employees work in foreign offices of Russian software companies. Thus, the Russian Federation accounts for about 190 thousand specialists.

In 2018-2019. the increase in the staff of Russian software manufacturers was at the level of 10-11%, and until 2017 inclusive it did not exceed 6-8%. The increase in growth rates at the end of 2020 in Russoft was associated with an increase in the number of budget places in IT specialties, which the state launched in stages about 7 years earlier. In 2020, universities provided 80% of the influx of personnel in the software industry in Russia. In previous years, this contribution was no less, sometimes reaching 90%. The remaining 20% was given by other sources, including retraining of personnel, the transition of software developers to the IT industry from other industries, migration of labor resources

2020 turned out to be especially difficult for the personnel departments of software companies. One of the problems is the growth of personnel turnover, which reached a record 13.3% against 6% six years earlier. An increase in this indicator means that with the same plans for growth in the number of employees (for example, by 10%), it is necessary to recruit more employees than before in order to close those gaps in the staff that were formed due to retired specialists. Such a difficult year for personnel services affected the average assessment of "Staffing and the education system," which was given by software companies. This score was 2.65 points ("3" points corresponds to the rating "satisfactory"). The indicator was even lower only in 2013, and in 2012 it was almost the same as in 2020.

According to the researchers, such long-term trends as strengthening the struggle for experienced IT specialists, increasing salaries, increasing the attractiveness of the IT industry as a whole were strengthened in 2020 by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, which accelerated the digitalization of the Russian economy, and this seriously affected the labor market and the economic efficiency of attracting personnel. Remote mode of operation has become a new paradigm of 2020. Employers have mastered online recruitment, expanded hiring geography, implemented flexible office hours and are significantly more open to innovation and experimentation. Remote work has become the norm for most IT professionals, so it is no longer a factor that reduces salary expectations. There is also a trend of leveling the capital's salaries and salaries in the Russian regions. This can be seen not only in regions with a traditionally strong IT cluster - in the Novosibirsk region, Nizhny Novgorod region, Tatarstan, but also in other locations.

In the second quarter of 2021, everything changed dramatically: instead of recruiting, personnel services, together with company leaders, began to think about a possible significant reduction in staff. They had a dilemma: either try to preserve the staff as much as possible, assuming that after the lockdown is completed, the costs of searching and recruiting will exceed the costs of paying non-working specialists, or still not waste money if the reduction in the global and Russian market promised by analysts is long.

Despite the decline in hiring activity in April-May last year, we saw a very rapid recovery in the labor market even in a larger volume than before the pandemic. Also, the pandemic provoked the market to create new services and platforms, which led to the emergence of new players in the market and projects, - said Vladimir Vereshchagin, Managing Director of Luxoft RussiaVladimir, commenting on the data of Russoft.

Ministry of Labor: Russia lacks 18.5 thousand. IB-specialists

By the end of 2020, Russia lacks about 18,500 information security specialists, which is 5% less than in 2019, when the shortage of such personnel was measured by 19,500 people. This was reported by the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Russia following a study that affected more than 15 thousand companies throughout the Russian Federation.

To determine the level of knowledge and competencies in the field of information security of various types of specialists, experts from the Ministry of Labor have compiled a database of assessment tasks. Sets of tasks are designed for different target groups - ordinary employees, managers, IT specialists and information security specialists. The developed technique includes tests and cases for four target groups, as well as simulation tasks for information security specialists.

According to Nikolai Zubarev, director of the Information Security direction of the Digital Economy organization, the lack of knowledge on information security among specialists leads to an increase in the scale of damage from cybercrime. The methodology of the Ministry of Labor can be used to assess the competence of "Information Security" as an integral part of testing in qualifying procedures for various vacancies or in conducting comprehensive assessment certification procedures. By the end of 2020, up to 40% of information security specialists occupy non-specialized positions, he said.

To eliminate the shortage of personnel, the Information Security federal project provides for measures, including practical training in the field of cybersecurity, conducted by the Bank of Russia. The work is carried out with the interaction of business, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Russia, the Ministry of Digital Development, the Federal Educational and Methodological Association for the UGSNP "Information Security" and the ANO "Digital Economy."

AI specialists ask for personal income tax return

As it became known on October 16, 2020, the Artificial Intelligence working group at the Digital Economy ANO proposed returning personal income tax (NDFL) to specialists involved in the introduction of AI systems. The initiative is contained in the list of proposed measures to support the IT industry, which its representatives transferred to the Ministry of Finance. Read more here.

The top 10 largest private employers in the Russian Federation have been identified

In September 2020, Forbes magazine published an annual rating of the 200 largest private companies in Russia. Among them, observers identified the 10 largest employers. Read more here.

Chernyshenko: the Russian Federation needs another 150 thousand. IT specialists

By mid-September 2020, Russia needs another 150 thousand. IT specialists, said Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko. According to him, by 2024 the need for such personnel will increase to 300 thousand people.

If three years ago the number of budget places where they studied at institutes in IT specialties was about 40 thousand, today there are already 80 thousand, and by 2024 there will be 120 thousand, - said Chernyshenko following the results of the open "Lesson in Numbers" on the topic "Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning."

He noted that Russia Vladimir Putin the president defined digital transformation as the national goal of the development of the Russian Federation until 2030.

Just those students of schools with whom we talked today at this wonderful "Lesson in Numbers" are those [people] who will implement these indicators by 2030, "Chernyshenko said.

The training of IT specialists is provided for, among other things, by the Digital Economy national project, which was approved by Russian President Vladimir Putin and should be implemented by 2024. In total, it is planned to allocate more than 1.8 trillion rubles for its implementation. In particular, it involves an increase in domestic costs for the development of the digital economy at the expense of all sources, the creation in the country of a stable and secure information and telecommunication infrastructure for high-speed transmission, processing and storage of large amounts of data, as well as the transfer of government agencies and organizations to the use of mainly Russian-developed software.

According to forecasts of the Institute of Progressive Education, after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, qualified anti-crisis managers, IT specialists and specialists in digital business transformation, as well as SMM managers, marketers and analysts of Big Data will be in demand.^[59]

Maksut Shadayev: We will double the number of IT specialists in Russia

On September 7, 2020, it became known about the task set by the Ministry of Communications to double the number of IT specialists in Russia by 2024. The head of the department Maksut Shadayev shared such plans with TASS.

We have a lot of things connected... with the solution of personnel issues, in fact, how do we ensure the reproduction of personnel competitive for the industry. We believe that we need twice as many [specialists], we believe that in 4 years we should probably double... Now there are half a million of them, directly those who belong to the IT industry, to the industry that makes commercial products. We don't take [into account] IT professionals within companies, "he said.

According to Shadayev, one of the tasks of the Ministry of Communications is to create stimulating measures that would motivate IT specialists to work in Russia. This is also necessary for the implementation of the federal project "Personnel for the Digital Economy" - one of several areas of the national program "Digital Economy."

This large-scale project assumes that by 2024 the 40% of the population will increase their level of mastery of digital skills and competencies of the digital economy, up to 120 thousand applicants per year will increase admission to universities in IT and mathematical specialties, over 800 thousand graduates will have key knowledge of the digital economy at the world average level. More than a million more workers are waiting for retraining in various areas of the digital economy, reminds TASS.

According to the approved requirements, educational programs should be aimed at the formation or development of competence in the field of digital economy in 22 areas, including big data, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, cybersecurity and data protection, neurotechnology, new and portable energy sources and others.^[60]

DIT: Every fifth vacancy in the labor market in Moscow is open to IT specialists

In June 2020 Department of Information Technologies of Moscow , he said that every fifth vacancy in the labor market To Moscow is open to IT specialists. The most popular among them are specialists in, and, and information security programmers 1C PHP the most paid - consultants,, SAP Data Scientist developers and. Ruby iOS

As reported, during the exams for schoolchildren and students, DIT analysts analyzed the labor market for graduates of technical universities. Data compiled on the basis of open resources demonstrate that in June 2020, Moscow offers about 14 thousand vacancies for ICT specialists.

Compared to June 2019, the number of vacancies in IT decreased by 21%, which is associated with the suspension of recruitment during the pandemic. At the same time, the demand for IT specialists in the labor market in Moscow still exists: vacancies for specialists in the field of information technology and communications account for almost 20% of all offers in June 2020. commented Eduard Lysenko, Minister of the Government of Moscow, Head of the Department of Information Technologies

A third of all ICT vacancies are open to developers, according to DIT research. Programmers are one of the most necessary and paid specialists, the need for which is observed in all industries. economies Thus, the largest number - 43% - of vacancies in Moscow are open in IT and - telecom companies, 13% financial in the sector, 7% in retail enterprises, 5 trade% in companies providing services for business. Organizations, companies and enterprises engaged in the field of urban economy are also looking for IT specialists.

The most popular on the market are information security specialists, 1C and PHP programmers, Java, system analysts and system administrators. At the same time, the demand for the latter for the year increased by 10% compared to 2019. The demand for UI/UX designers has noticeably doubled. In addition, the number of Devops Engineer vacancies has increased.

As for wages, the average salary offer in the labor market for an ICT specialist in Moscow in the first half of 2020 is about 146 thousand rubles a month. This is 14% more than in the same period in 2019. The most paid jobs for June 2020: SAP consultant, Data Scientist, Ruby developers, iOS and Devops Engineer.

According to the study, in recent years, among school graduates choosing IT specialties, areas related to the study of applied mathematics, applied computer science and computer technology have been in demand.

At the same time, adjacent areas with IT are gaining popularity. For example, "Intelligent Systems in the Humanitarian Sphere," which studies the application of machine learning and big data analysis in medicine, other branches of the social and humanitarian spheres. These are also areas such as "Application and operation of automated special-purpose systems," "Navigation and ballistic support for the use of space technology" and "Innovatika," which open up opportunities to find a job in a company and enterprises of the rocket or space industry, in military administration bodies.

To enter all faculties in the field of IT and communications, you need to pass the state exam in mathematics (profile level) and the Russian language. In addition to them, 82% of the faculties under consideration require the USE in computer science, 73% in physics. However, for some areas of training, such as Business Informatics, Analytical Economics and Econometrics, it is also necessary to pass the state exam in foreign language and social studies.

According to the rating, based on the analysis of the database of resumes of graduates of Moscow universities in 2018-2019 posted on the hh.ru website, the most popular graduates in the IT labor market are the following Moscow universities and faculties:

• Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman - Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman, Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems, Faculty of Robotics and Integrated Automation;
• Moscow State University - Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics;
• MTUSI - Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Faculty of Information Technologies;
• HSE - National Research University Higher School of Economics, Business Informatics program at the Faculty of Business and Management;
• Plekhanov PRUE - Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Institute of Digital Economy and Information Technologies;
• NRU "MPEI" - National Research University "MPEI," Institute of Information and Computing Technologies;
• NRNU MEPhI - National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Institute of Intelligent Cybernetic Systems;
• A.N. Kosygin Russian State University - Kosygin Russian State University, Institute of Mechatronics and Information Technologies;
• Moscow State Pedagogical University, Institute of Physics, Technology and Information Systems;
• MAI - Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Institute "Control Systems, Informatics and Electric Power Industry."

At the same time, the FutureToday rating, formed on the basis of a survey of students from 30 leading Russian universities, consistently includes five IT companies, two of which were created in Russia: Yandex, Google, Apple, VK (formerly Mail.ru Group), Microsoft.

In Russia, IT employees are sick more often than representatives of other professions

In Russia, IT employees are sick more often than representatives of other professions, according to a study conducted by HeadHunter by order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The data were released on February 25, 2020.

More often than the rest, colds are picked up by representatives of the IT sector (90%). After them are teachers with an indicator of 86%, doctors were in third place - 77%. Most of all, Russian specialists are sick with influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI).

In addition, problems with the musculoskeletal system are also most acute in the IT sphere (30% of respondents admitted to them), in government agencies (24%) and among doctors (23%).

Also, programmers and system administrators are leading in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (25%). They are followed again by doctors (21%) and teachers (20%). At the same time, only 19% of companies and organizations have voluntary health insurance. According to Tatyana Solomatina, a member of the State Duma Health Committee, additional insurance is mainly available in large corporations.

In general, it is not surprising that IT employees are sick more than others, "says Mehman Mammadov, an expert at the Nation's Health League, professor of medicine.

According to him, they work very hard, move little and feed incorrectly. The professor added that after five to ten years of such work, health can noticeably deteriorate.

The Ministry of Health notes that, according to every third respondent, the employer should be responsible for the health of its employees both during working and after working hours. The rest of the survey participants believe that responsibility should apply only to working hours. At the same time, almost all heads of organizations who took part in the survey realize the importance of responsibility for their employees.^[61]

2019

The total number of ICT personnel in Russia reached 1.8 million people

According to the Association of Computer and Information Technology Enterprises (APKIT) for 2019, the number of information and communication technology specialists working in ICT companies amounted to 845 thousand people. Of these, 495 thousand people are employed in the IT industry.

The total number of ICT personnel Russia in 2019 reached about 1.8 million people, of which 0.95 million are employed in the IT sector in organizations of various sectors of the economy and in government agencies, 0.5 million are employed in the IT industry, and 0.35 million are employed in the telecommunications sector. The share of ICT personnel among the economically active population of Russia in 2019 was equal to 2.4%. According to this indicator, in comparison with countries European Union Russia , it is in third place from the end after and. Latvia Greece At the same time, compared to the UK, whose digital economy is largely similar to the Russian one, the share of ICT personnel in Russia is 2 times less than in the Great Britain study.

In Moscow, 20% of the labor force in this area is concentrated, which leads to an increased concentration of personnel in the capital and a particularly urgent need for IT personnel in the digital economy of the regions of Russia. Excluding Moscow, the ratio of IT personnel employed in the IT industry and outside it is similar in Russia to the situation 10 years ago, taking into account Moscow: only 1.5% of IT specialists among the able-bodied population.

According to DIT Moscow, in 2019, 50 thousand worked in the capital. IT companies, where more than 320 thousand specialized employees are employed. A more detailed analysis of the structure of the ICT sector market in Moscow shows that employment in the IT sector is about 190 thousand people (2015 data - 170 thousand, an amendment to the growth of this segment characteristic of Moscow was taken into account), the APKIT noted.

The report says that since 2010 there has been a relatively slow but progressive growth in the personnel IT infrastructure of Russia, including due to a significant increase in the output of IT specialists in the higher education system. The main planned personnel indicators of the Strategy for the Development of the IT Industry in the Russian Federation were fulfilled, including more than 350 thousand specialists in the field of information technology, of which at least 125 thousand specialists were trained as part of training at budgetary places in higher education institutions.

Since the mid-2010s, there has been a rapid development of the digital economy, accompanied by the development and introduction of end-to-end technologies of the digital economy, and the digital transformation of organizations of both the private and public sectors.

Statistics on the number of ICT personnel of the global digital economy demonstrate positive dynamics. According to Eurostat data for 2019, no large European state, except Greece, Latvia and Turkey, which is included in the EU statistics, has less than 2% of ICT specialists from the total number of employees. The average European value of this indicator is 3.9%.

The growth of the salary index in the IT industry amounted to 100%, while in other key segments of the economy its growth was only 60-70%. Thus, the average annual increase in wages of IT specialists over 10 years is 20% ahead of the growth of salaries of other specialists. This follows an increasing increase in demand for IT specialists, experts explained.

The total need in 2019 for highly qualified IT personnel and communications engineers is 222 thousand people per year, of which 48% are in demand in various organizations not from the field of IT, telecommunications and communications. The additional need for medium-qualified ICT personnel is about 76 thousand people a year, of which 60% are in demand outside the ICT industry. ^[62]

The turnover of IT specialists in Russia increased from 9.5% to 12.5%

The turnover of IT personnel in Russia at the end of 2019 increased to 12.5% from 9.5% in 2016-2018. Until 2015, the indicator fluctuated at the level of 6-7%. Valentin Makarov, President of the Russoft Association, announced this during a press conference held on September 9, 2020.

According to him, by the end of 2019, at least 180 thousand specialized technical employees worked in Russian software companies, of which at least 10 thousand specialists were in remote development centers abroad.

Valentin Makarov says that the staff of software manufacturers in Russia has grown, which is also associated with improved training of specialists in regional universities.

According to the Association of Computer and Information Technology Enterprises (APKIT), employees of the high-level ICT sector play a significant role in the development of the state, creating the main contribution to the innovative development of the IT industry and the communications and telecommunications industry. The total need for such specialists is estimated by experts at 222 thousand people per year. While the need for medium-skilled ICT specialists is about 76 thousand people a year.

APKIT adds that the promising need of the digital economy for IT personnel in the 2024 horizon is due to the following main factors: the need for progressive development of the number of personnel infrastructure in the basic segments of the IT industry, significant development of the number of personnel ensuring the development of artificial intelligence technologies and the Internet of things, and digital transformation of various sectors of the economy. Taking this into account, the total annual need for highly qualified personnel by 2024 will increase by a quarter and reach a value of 290-300 thousand people per year, the association predicts.^[63]

1.8 million IT specialists work in Russia

By the end of 2019, there were 1.8 million IT specialists in Russia, which corresponds to 2.4% of the total number of people employed in the economy. At the same time, the shortage of personnel reached 222 thousand people a year. Such data, citing a study by Runet Economics, in early June 2020 were cited by Sergei Plugotarenko, director of the Russian Association of Electronic Communications (RAEK), as part of the annual IT breakfast "Digital Challenges of a New Reality: Who Will Help Whom?," Organized by RVC, RAEK and Russoft.

According to the founder and general director of 1C Boris Nuraliev, the salaries of programmers will not decrease. In order to fill the shortage of personnel, it is necessary to create an analogue of military departments, where students, primarily technical and natural science specialties, would receive a second specialty in the field of IT. He also considers it an important step to increase the number of budget-funded places in regional universities.

The growth of training is very important, although this may seem strange in combination with theses about reducing sales of the IT industry. Programmers have great export potential, including in the context of the coronavirus crisis and blocked borders. Yes, many customers will close or significantly reduce IT budgets. But more advanced, more digital companies will take the place of old ones - e-commerce, cloud, artificial intelligence and other technologies will be in demand, Nuraliev said.

Abbyy Russia CEO Dmitry Shushkin and co-founder of New Cloud Technologies Dmitry Komissarov drew attention to the fact that up to 90% of the costs of such companies are paid. And in general, personnel are the main asset. In these conditions, long-term tax breaks and deferrals of mandatory payments are needed. This will not only allow you to save personnel, but also give a significant economic multiplier, since people spend most of the funds domestically^[64]

IT professionals are more satisfied with their work and income levels than Russians as a whole

On January 14, 2020, Recadro announced that according to the results of its study "Motivating Factors of IT Specialists," in 2019 the IT specialist was still more satisfied with his work than the average Russian, and his satisfaction increased compared to 2018:

• 71% of IT specialists to one degree or another are satisfied with their real place of work, which is 8% more than representatives of this sphere in 2018 and 18% more than Russians as a whole;
• The employer loyalty index (NPS Index) among IT specialists is -2%, however, it is higher than in 2018 and significantly higher than among Russians as a whole;
• IT professionals have become less active in looking for work: 10% fewer respondents are looking for work and 15% no longer plan to look for it in the near future.

According to the results of the study in 2019, 24% fewer IT specialists than Russians as a whole believe that they earn below their market value. In addition, the level of satisfaction with the level of income of IT specialists has slightly increased compared to 2018.

IT specialists also began to believe more often that they receive higher than their value in the labor market - 8% more IT specialists than in 2018, noted that they receive higher than their value in the labor market. As you can see, the salary race due to the acute shortage of professionals in this area does not go unnoticed among the specialists themselves.

According to the results of the study in 2019, the main motivation factors coincide among IT specialists with Russians as a whole. However, there are some differences:

• Thus, in a negative assessment of the place of work, IT specialists have a factor for organizing work (strict rules, a large number of regulations, meetings), which is not found in other professional areas;
• For IT specialists, it is much more important than for Russians as a whole, the ability to introduce/apply modern technologies (28% of respondents), interesting, important tasks (47%), training and development opportunities (43%);
• in the IT direction, the trend of flexibility in labor organization, work balance and personal life is much more pronounced than among Russians as a whole;
• compared to Russians in general, IT specialists are more interested in option programs (19% of respondents) and assistance in relocation (18%);
• Most IT professionals demotivate monotonous, low-value tasks (66%).

IDC: Less than 4% of IT professionals in Russia and Europe meet modern requirements

On November 20, 2019, the companies IDC Microsoft presented the results of the study, according to which the majority of Central and Eastern companies, Europe including, are Russia well aware digital transformation of and only 10.5% of them do not consider it necessary. At the same time, only 13% of companies are actively introducing modern technologies or have a strategy for digital business transformation. One of the main barriers is the lack of qualified IT specialists. Only 3.5% of employees fully meet modern requirements. The highest (35%) is the lack of qualified IT specialists in technology companies cloudy.

The five skills most relevant in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe, according to the IDC November 2019 study:

• automation and robotization of processes;
• mobility;
• big data analysis;
• IT architectures and the transition to new architectures (such as cloud architectures);
• networking.

Five skills that will be relevant in Russia and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the next 2-3 years:

1. big data analysis;
2. Use collaboration applications.
3. automation and robotization of processes;
4. mobility;
5. information security and data protection.

"The activity of any company is to one degree or another the activity of an IT company. Business processes, communications, production, logistics and services are based on information technologies. This means that the need for digital business transformation is obvious in order to achieve competitive advantage and growth. Innovation is not possible unless it is supported by employee development and a culture of engagement, " noted Elena Slivko-Kolchik, Head of Department for Work with Educational and Scientific Organizations Microsoft in Russia

"The active process of digital transformation of organizations and enterprises has led to a significant gap between the demand for certain qualifications and supply. This can affect the competitiveness of companies. As this problem is realized, the state and business put the task of developing the necessary digital competencies at the forefront of the agenda. Whether the initiatives being taken will sufficiently improve the situation in the future, time will tell. While the gap is large, " noted Mikhail Lebedev, Head of Research Programs at IDC Russia and CIS

Superjob named the most popular IT professions in 2020

On November 12, 2019, Superjob published a study on the most sought-after IT professions.

According to analysts at the recruiting portal, in 2020, software developers for iOS and Android operating systems will be in the greatest demand on the market due to the rapid development of the mobile application market. In this segment, there are less than two people per seat, and the average salary in Moscow is 140-150 thousand rubles with a maximum of 300 thousand rubles.

The next most popular IT specialty is UI/UX (user experience and interface) designers. Here, an average of 2.5 applicants apply for one workplace, the salary in Moscow is measured at about 115-125 thousand rubles, but you can earn up to 250 thousand rubles.

Vacancies for QA (Quality Assurance) specialists on average also account for 2.5 resumes. The average salary in the Russian capital is 90-100 thousand rubles, the salary maximum is 250 thousand rubles.

Increased market requirements for the quality of software products lead to an increase in demand for testing specialists/QA: both young specialists are in demand here, whom companies are ready to train, and experienced testers of complex applications who speak several programming languages ​ ​ and testing automation tools, the Superjob press service said.

Superjob also predicts an increase in demand for data analysts, whose services are also in demand in financial institutions and sales companies. The ratio of the number of vacancies and resumes in this segment is 1 to 4.5. The highest level of income for Big Data analysts: the average earnings in Moscow is 150-160 thousand rubles, the salary maximum is 250 thousand rubles.

Accenture assessed the personnel IT potential of the regions of Russia

On September 2, 2019, Accenture published an overview of the personnel potential of the Russian regions in the ICT sector "IT Skills Index," which included 18 cities.

According to the rating results, the first five lines in it were taken, Rostov-on-Don,, and Kazan Samara. Chelyabinsk They Voronezh are followed by,,,,,, Stavropol,, Penza,,, and Ufa Volgograd. Saratov Yekaterinburg Perm Kaliningrad Novosibirsk Nizhny Novgorod Tver Omsk

Accenture specialists compared the regions Russia on three indicators: the training of ICT specialists, ICT personnel Market and the demand for them from companies. At the same time, they did not consider it in the rating. Moscow St. Petersburg

It took 3 months to compile the review, each of the indicators was formed on the basis of a number of characteristics. For example, for the indicator "training ICT specialists," such characteristics as the presence of universities in the region, the total number of universities teaching ICT specialties and the number of graduates were taken into account.

According to Oleg Chernyshev, director of the Accenture development center in Russia, Rostov-on-Don and Kazan share leadership in terms of "training ICT specialists."

At the same time, Rostov-on-Don is slightly ahead of Kazan in the number of universities teaching ICT specialties. There are 14 of them in Rostov, including one federal university, - said Oleg Chernyshev.

According to him, the same number of universities training ICT specialists are only in Yekaterinburg, followed by Samara (12 universities), Novosibirsk and Voronezh (11 each), Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod and Omsk (10 each).

Another important criterion is the number of graduates who have already received education. According to this indicator, Rostov-on-Don is slightly inferior to Kazan (2984 graduates versus 3238). This is followed by Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Voronezh, Samara and Ufa, in this group of cities the number of graduates in the range 1900-2200. Saratov, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod (1100-1200) boast a smaller number of ICT graduates.

We are talking about application developers in various programming languages, information security specialists, DevOps engineers, system administrators, database administrators, mathematical specialties, - explained Oleg Chernyshev.

Another indicator that, according to the authors of the IT Skills Index, affects the personnel potential of the city is the migration of graduates. For the 18 cities participating in the survey, the average coefficient for it was 25%.

The leader of the rating, Rostov-on-Don, has a slightly higher percentage of graduate migration - 26% of graduates of local universities leave for further employment in other regions. The highest percentage of migration of graduates in Omsk (36%) and Tver (31%). The lowest is in Perm, Kaliningrad (14% each) and Kazan (20%).

What technology companies are ready for to attract specialists

Google

Google is known all over the world for its non-standard headquarters - Googleplex. Employees have access to hairdresser services right at the workplace, various food options, playrooms, laundry, dry cleaning, themed spaces and more.

Other benefits include long-term parental leave, the ability to learn in the workplace (such as cooking lessons, guitar playing, getting a top job formations , etc.), and "national clubs" in offices around the world that host events such as dragon boat racing in Taipei and "New Musical Environments" with local artists in the Nashville office.

Microsoft

The large Microsoft campus in Redmond has many amenities available to employees, including preventive treatment right at work, physical therapy, financial education, various communities of interest, retail stores, restaurants, playrooms. At the same time, the company does not stop there and plans to reconstruct this headquarters by 2022.

The modernized campus will have areas for yoga, running and pedestrian paths, outdoor meeting places, a football field, a cricket field and other sports grounds, open areas for joint work and a complex with an area of ​ ​ 8 thousand square meters. m., which can accommodate up to 12,000 people. Smart parking lots with places for self-driving cars, underground laboratories for growing fruits and vegetables and much more will also be provided.

Amazon

Amazon employees are encouraged to bring dogs to work, with more than 6,000 dogs registered at the company's Seattle headquarters working alongside their owners.

In addition to various benefits, such as medical, dental and ophthalmic care, employees can receive financial advice, adoption assistance and paid parental leave, as well as assistance through a career selection program.

The company has unique offices in 30 countries, all of which have interactive panels and open spaces for spontaneous meetings and discussion of ideas.

Netflix

Trying to create an open and transparent working environment, the company offers unlimited paid leave, as well as well-paid and flexible parental leave. Netflix also promotes principles of engagement, honesty, dedication and innovation among its workers.

Adobe

In addition to long rest breaks and flexible leave policies, Adobe offers on-site fitness centers, a treatment reimbursement program, adoption and surrogacy assistance of up to $25,000, and education and professional development reimbursement. And that's not to mention the beautiful community center and basketball court.

Reddit

In addition to free meals, employer-paid health insurance, unlimited leave, education scholarships, child and pet care payments, and well-paid parental leave, Reddit employees can attend classes related to their work, or, for example, engage in cooking and language studies. They can also spend funds allocated from a special fund to attend massage sessions, a gym or buy a fitness tracker and even a comfortable mattress, and heavy curtains.

The company pays for an annual camping holiday in the forests of northern California for all 500 employees and their families. In addition, Reddit offers an annual benefit that employees can spend on trips or interesting events such as concerts, museums, expeditions.

Zappos

Online shoe retailer Zappos treats its employees like royalty: the company's office is considered one of the most amazing. Privileges include a gym, cafe, bistro, gift shops (one for employees and one for all comers), jobs for employees with dogs (including dog walking services) and monthly services including manicures, car washes and art therapy. A variety of trainings, karaoke, "pajama days" and more are also offered.

Etsy

Etsy's eco-friendly New York office provides dog space, dedicated meditation areas, fully stocked kitchens on each floor (with a separate tap from which kombucha flows) and family-style dining.

Employees can take advantage of Etsy Labs, where creative materials, looms and a 3D printer are available. They can also attend Etsy School, where their colleagues teach classes in knitting, floristics, programming basics and more.

Zillow

Unlimited rest times, treadmills, wine and beer in the office, serviced dinners are all available to employees of Zillow, the largest real estate rental and sale service in the United States. The company's biggest advantage is parental benefits. Employees receive up to 24 weeks of fully paid parental leave as well as adoption assistance.

Missing Link

The office of the design company Missing Link ', located in Johannesburg, South Africa, has an unusual design: it looks like a steroid-invented arcade with a shooting range. In addition, Missing Link offers professional tattoo artists several times a year for employees and clients^[65]

2018

Moscow entered the top five European cities with the largest number of software developers

By the end of 2018, Moscow was among the five European cities with the most software developers. In the case of the Russian capital, we are talking about 160,900 specialists. Read more here.

Ward Howell: Top 10 most scarce and costly digital professionals

Ward Howell In named the 10 most scarce and expensive digital specialists on. Russian market To prepare the list, the company's experts studied the features of team formation for digital transformation in industries, TAdviser Ward Howell reported on August 28, 2018.

The list of the top 10 was headed by product owner ("product owner") - a visionary with a wide outlook who is equally well immersed in technology and in the needs of the client. The role of product owner, according to the observations of Ward Howell analysts, was formed in the Russian market only 3-4 years ago and, as of August 2018, is in acute deficit. Specialists of this level are difficult to grow inside, and companies have to outbid them on the market. In this case, the candidate usually costs about 1.5 times more. The salary of product owner can exceed 400 thousand rubles.

In second place in the list of the most scarce specialists is data scientist (expert on analytical data). Large companies tend to follow the path of creating their own data hubs, and the data scientist is designed to help them benefit from additional insights from the huge array of accumulated data, Ward Howell noted.

On the third line of the list are Java developers. According to Ward Howell analysts, there are many such specialists in the market, but the need for them from companies seriously exceeds the supply. At the same time, the level of readiness of specialists does not always correspond to the complexity of tasks.

A similar situation - demand above supply - has developed in the mobile development market. iOS and Android developers are in fourth place in the ranking of scarce specialists. Depending on the industry, the average salary of specialists can vary from 150 to 350 thousand rubles, found out in Ward Howell.

The company also recorded an increase in the demand of companies for developers of high-load systems. As a result, they are in fifth place in the rating.

Ward Howell also included in its list of the top 10 scarce specialists (from 6th to 10th place, respectively): business analysts, system architects, blockchain experts, artificial intelligence specialists and technology scouts.

According to Ward Howell, the basic composition of the digital team in Russian companies usually includes product owner, business analyst, UX designer and developers. Teams can also add an architect, marketer, tester or scrum master. The average cost of such a digital team in a Russian company, depending on the industry, according to analysts, is 35-50 million rubles a year.^[66]

Which specialists are hunted by Russian IT companies in 2018

TAdviser talked with representatives of large Russian software developers and system integrators and found out which specialists are most in demand in the IT market, and how companies solve the problem of personnel shortages. Read more here.

2016

2014

The authorities increased the number of budget places in IT specialties by 34%

In February 2014 , the Ministry of Education and Science approved the admission control figures for the 2015-2016 academic year in IT specialties. In general, they increased by 34%, while admission under the master's program in the specialty "computer science and computer technology" increased by 74%, "information systems and technologies" - by 208%, "applied computer science" - by 191%, and "infocommunication technologies and communication systems" - by 202%.

This step has become one of the measures to combat personnel hunger in the IT field - a task that is among the main priorities of the "Strategy for the development of the information technology industry in the Russian Federation for 2014-2020 and for the future until 2025," approved in October 2013. Its decision is carried out by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications together with other departments.

According to the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, for the forced development of the IT industry until 2018, the education and advanced training system should train at least 350 thousand IT specialists. The projected number of trained IT specialists by 2018 is up to 150 thousand. Every year, Russian universities graduate up to 25 thousand IT specialists, but only 15-20% of graduates in engineering specialties are suitable for immediate employment in the IT sector, according to the data in the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications.

"The current education system produces on average not those specialists who can directly start working in IT companies. Companies are seriously investing in further training of employees, but the main thing is the time it takes. The "demographic pit" will also contribute. Therefore, increasing the number of IT specialists in the labor market is the most important task, "the department notes

.

Representatives of the ministry add that in addition to increasing admission to the IT specialty, the Ministry of Communications also plans to develop public-private partnerships, cooperate with IT companies involved in retraining personnel, use the potential of secondary special education, and provide targeted support to the most capable schoolchildren and students in the IT field.

According to the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, one employee in the IT industry creates products and services worth an average of more than 2 million rubles per year, and the entire industry increases the export of Russian IT products abroad from year to year. In 2013, it exceeded $5 billion, the ministry adds.

The government approved a law that reduces the cost of IT guest workers

In April 2014, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications announced that the government had approved a bill developed by their department aimed at providing Russian IT companies with the opportunity to attract highly qualified foreign specialists under a simplified procedure. Now it will be submitted to the State Duma for consideration .

The bill was submitted to the government in the fall of 2013. In particular, it proposes to reduce the minimum wage threshold for such specialists at 2 million rubles. up to 1 million rubles. per year, which is 83 thousand rubles. per month. This measure is planned to be extended to accredited IT companies. According to the Ministry of Communications, there are 3397 of them as of April 2014.

The department believes that the existing rules for applying for work in IT companies make it difficult to attract highly qualified foreign specialists, and the previously established salary threshold is too high for the employer.

Similar measures are already in effect for certain categories of organizations. For example, the threshold is up to 700 thousand rubles. - for residents of technical and innovative special economic zones, up to 1 million rubles. - for residents of special economic zones of other types, as well as educational organizations of higher education with the invitation of scientists and teachers.

The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications assures that the adoption of the bill will not lead to a deterioration in the conditions for the employment of Russian IT specialists, since IT companies experience an acute shortage of personnel and even a reduced threshold for the minimum remuneration of highly qualified foreign citizens above the average salary of IT industry workers.

Representatives of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications also note that the measure proposed by them is not aimed at the number of specialists involved, but at ensuring their high quality and convenience of the process of attracting the necessary personnel for IT companies

The bill prepared by the ministry was agreed with the FMS, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Economic Development. The bill also received positive conclusions from the Ministry of Justice and the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation.

2013: Overabundance of applicants in Chief information officer's market

As of 2013, according to Superjob.ru, there are 17.2 CVs per IT director vacancy - this is the maximum indicator in the field of information technology in the Russian labor market. Moreover, the average supply-demand ratio in the industry is 2.8 resumes per vacancy, and for some programmers the number of vacancies exceeds the number of resumes.

According to the experts of the recruiting center, the excitement around the position of the Chief information officer is explained by several factors. On the one hand, the position is a "tidbit," offering the maximum implementation and the maximum level of income in the IT sphere.

On the other hand, there are few open vacancies for this position in the labor market. In addition, personnel experts note, often placing resumes on " position, potential candidates do not have the necessary skills and do not meet the requirements, simply probing the market situation and their price. So finding an IT director remains one of the most difficult HR tasks for Russian business.

Salary level Chief information officers in Russia, rubles

City	Minimum (no experience)	Average earnings	Maximum (with experience from 5 years)
Moscow	85 000	185 000	400 000
St. Petersburg	65 000	150 000	320 000
Volgograd	35 000	80 000	180 000
Voronezh	45 000	90 000	200 000
Yekaterinburg	55 000	125 000	270 000
Kazan	45 000	95 000	200 000
Krasnoyarsk	50 000	110 000	240 000
Nizhny Novgorod	40 000	90 000	180 000
Novosibirsk	50 000	105 000	220 000
Omsk	45 000	105 000	200 000
Perm	50 000	95 000	230 000
Rostov-on-Don	40 000	95 000	230 000
Samara	43 000	95 000	200 000
Ufa	45 000	95 000	200 000
Chelyabinsk	50 000	105 000	220 000

Superjob.ru, 2013

As can be seen from the table above, the level of wages of Chief information officers in Moscow and St. Petersburg and the regions varies greatly. The presence of work experience also plays a big role. So, a specialist without experience, who first took the position of Chief information officer, will earn at least 85 thousand rubles in Moscow, but after several years his salary may be several hundred thousand rubles. The average compensation values ​ ​ by region are 90-125 thousand rubles.

The highest income Chief information officers are offered by companies planning the implementation of ERP systems and 1C projects. Applicants should have successful experience in managing the implementation of appropriate enterprise resource management systems and additional education in business administration. The work experience as Chief information officer should be more than 5 years.

2012

According to TAdviser Valeria Chernetsova, head of the analytics department of the recruiting portal Superjob.ru, in 2012 the trend of growth in demand for IT specialists continued - there were a third more vacancies in the information technology industry. The demand for technical support specialists grew the fastest.

Increase in the number of vacancies in Russia in 2012 by 2011

Position	Increase,%
Technical Support Specialist	117
Oracle Programmer	60
System Administrator	19
PHP programmer	17
Chief information officer	10
1C programmer	15
Java programmer	-4
Web designer	7
System Analyst	7

Superjob.ru, 2012

The annual increase in salary offers of Moscow employers in the field of information technology amounted to 17.4%. The wages of Java programmers, technical support specialists and system analysts increased the most (by more than 20%).

Increase in salary offers (Moscow) in 2012 by 2011

Position	Increase,%
Java programmer	22
Technical Support Specialist	21
System Analyst	21
Oracle Programmer	18
PHP programmer	17
Web designer	16
Chief information officer	15
Programmer 1C	14
System Administrator	5

Superjob.ru, 2012

At Adecco Group Russia, which conducts regular research on the labor market, TAdviser provided data on the state of salaries of specialists as of the second half of 2012. According to them, specialists in the regions (Yekaterinburg) receive about 50% less wages than their colleagues in the profession in Moscow. The difference between Moscow and St. Petersburg is about 20%. For example, Chief information officer in Moscow earn an average of 122.3 thousand rubles, in St. Petersburg - 103.2 thousand rubles, and in the Urals - 65.4 thousand rubles.

Average wages of IT specialists at the end of 2012

Adecco, 2012

According to Adecco, the growth of wages of IT specialists over the past year corresponds to the average market dynamics in the labor market and amounts to 6-8%. Elina Razina, consultant at AVANTA Personnel Avanta Russia (formerly Adecco Group Russia) Russia, told TAdviser that 2012 was a very productive year for IT companies - R&D staff, testing departments were expanding, etc. As for the infrastructure of companies, some large companies in 2012 revealed a trend towards the globalization of their infrastructure departments and their transfer from regions to central offices with remote management.

The most popular in 2012 were developers, especially experienced JAVA developers. Also in 2012, web developers C#, PHP were in demand among developers. The second place in demand in the labor market continues to be occupied by support specialists. The third place is rightfully occupied by testers, the specialist noted.

According to the forecasts of the recruiting portal research center Superjob.ru the trends of the current year will continue next year. There are no prospects for improving the situation with a shortage of qualified personnel, employers will increasingly lure employees from competitors, offering attractive motivational packages. The growth of salary offers will also continue and will amount to about 11%.

In 2013, Superjob.ru analysts expect an increase in demand for IT specialists amid a moderate increase in the number of applicants, and a continuing shortage of programmers and developers. Moreover, the most popular programmers are specialists writing in "1C" and PHP. Also, the IT personnel market is expected to outperform other markets in the growth of salary offers.

"Collapse" of demand for engineers

In December 2012, specialists of the personnel center "UNITY" summed up the HR-results of the IT/Telecom market. The results showed that one of the most significant trends in 2012 was the "collapse" of demand for engineering specialties.

"Only one of the Big Three mobile operators reduced the engineering and technical staff by 6,000 people in 2012," says Vera Anistsyna, head of the recruitment group at the UNITY personnel center (IT/Telecom direction). "Due to the cessation of rapid technological and territorial growth, engineers in the same amount were not needed."

According to experts, Russian operators transfer the functions of operating and developing their networks to vendor companies: Ericsson, NSN, Huawei, ZTE, etc. "Some of the free specialists will move on to them, but we do not expect a large number of vacancies," Vera Anistsyna comments on the situation. "These international companies, with a long history and well-built business processes, are successfully disposing of existing resources."

The bulk of telecommunications engineers will be forced to go to related industries, and the closest is IT. As one of the options - vacancies in the IT infrastructure of financial institutions, large industrial and other geographically distributed enterprises. Such a scenario is likely and, according to experts, will help reduce the existing shortage of IT specialists by 5-10%.

The greatest demand for IT specialists in 2012 was noted in banks - up to 70% of applications. "The requirements for applicants are still high in terms of work experience in the banking industry, but in the conditions of the" candidate market "the vacating telecom engineers will be able to apply for decent vacancies in financial institutions," Vera Anistsyna notes.

"The industry is

a closer industry for the released telecom specialists, but from there there are practically no applications for IT personnel," the UNITY specialist notes. "If in the late 90s and early 2000s the industry was the locomotive of demand for BN personnel, today there is a lag."

This trend can be seen in the requirements for candidates. "Some enterprises work on 'outdated' software platforms and hardware, and finding a professional who knows these products can be difficult," the expert adds.

According to the UNITY CC, on average in Moscow, the salary of engineers in telecommunications is 80 thousand rubles. At the same time, many applicants are ready to work for remuneration 10% lower than the average market. The salaries of Moscow specialists in the IT infrastructure range from 80 to 110 thousand rubles.

Chief information officer's Labor Market

Chief information officer, along with business system implementation consultants, remain one of the most highly paid professionals. The average industry salary for CIO, according to Superjob.ru provided by TAdviser, ranges from 120 to 165 thousand rubles as of the first half of 2012.

True, a large number of responsibilities are imposed on Chief information officers for the corresponding salary, including the organization of work and management of the IT department, the development of strategy and tactics for the development of the company in the IT sphere, the management of IT projects, the organization of technical support for users, equipment and software purchases, planning and execution of the division's budget.

Salaries Chief information officers depending on region, industry and work experience, 2012, rubles

Superjob.ru, 2012

Depending on the industry, compensation for Chief information officers varies: the maximum average earnings of Chief information officers, according to Superjob.ru, in the field of IT and telecommunications (165 thousand rubles in Moks and 132 thousand rubles in St. Petersburg), the minimum - in the field of B2B (149 thousand rubles in Moscow and 119 thousand rubles in St. Petersburg). As you can see from the table, the difference in salaries of specialists with relevant experience in the same industries, but in different cities, is up to 30 thousand rubles.

It is also interesting that, according to the Superjob.ru, people aged 30 to 39 years (48%) and 40 to 50 years (35%) work Chief information officers more often, with 99% of them being men and only 1% women. 95% of applicants for the CIO position have higher education, 69% speak basic and technical English.

Amount of annual bonuses

Almost 2/3 of Russian managers (61%) are satisfied with the bonus for 2011. This is stated in another study by Antal Russia (Antal Rush, Antal Talents). According to TAdviser in the agency, among Chief information officers in 2011, 52% received a bonus, about a third (33%) were not awarded a bonus. Another 15% of Russian CIOs who took part in the survey do not have a bonus

For most of the Chief information officers surveyed, the bonus was 10 to 20% of the annual salary. 75% remained CIO satisfied with the amount received. According to the latest vacancies of Antal Russia, the salary range for the position of Chief information officer is 250-400 thousand rubles (from 3 million to 4.8 million rubles a year), representatives of Antal Russia told TAdviser. Thus, the annual bonus of the heads of information technology departments can average from 300 to 960 thousand rubles.

Source: Antal Russia, 2012 

For comparison, in 2010, wages were Chief information officers an order of magnitude less, but the size of bonuses could reach up to 50% of the annual salary and even up to 100% in some exceptional cases. According to Antal Russia, for 2010, the approximate fixed salary of CIO ranged from 1.8 million to 3.4 million rubles per year (at least 150 thousand and a maximum of 283 thousand rubles per month).

Source: Antal Russia, 2012 

In general, the distribution of bonuses among such a category of specialists as Chief information officer is not very different from other top managers. In 2011, in Russia, more than half (54%) of the survey participants received a bonus according to the results of 2011. At the same time, 18% of respondents indicated that their compensation package does not include a bonus scheme, and almost a third (28%) of respondents did not receive a bonus, although their motivation system assumes its presence.

The amount of bonus payments of the majority (47%) of the surveyed managers does not exceed 20% of their annual salary. A large number of managers (31%) received a bonus of 20 to 40% of annual income. Only 6% of respondents indicated that the amount of the bonus payment exceeded the amount of their annual base salary.

Chief information officer earn more than colleagues

According to Antal Russia (Antal Rasha, Antal Talents), provided by TAdviser in October 2012, although the banking industry is considered advanced in terms of mastering information technology, the demand for IT specialists in it is currently uneven.

The most popular are IT managers and business analysts. As for wages, they correspond to the overall bar set in the industry. Infrastructure specialists (administrators, helpdesk) receive 40-150 thousand rubles, developers - 90-130 thousand rubles, specialists in supporting business applications (Diasoft, Athena and others) - from 60 to 200 thousand rubles. At the same time, the salaries of business analysts in banks are approximately equal to 60-140 thousand rubles, project managers - 150-250 thousand rubles.

In the position of IT directors, banking organizations consider candidates only from similar companies, as this is a very narrow industry. Chief information officers wages in the banking sector are higher than their counterparts in other industries, especially for the investment banking sector. Compensation for Chief information officers ranges from 200 thousand rubles in small corporate banks, where the number of employees is 50-100 people and the staff of IT specialists is 2-5 people to 650 thousand rubles in large financial companies TOP-10 with an IT team of several hundred people and above.

The most active in terms of recruiting IT personnel are those financial organizations that have serious long-term plans for the development of banking systems. Another active group of employers in the finance industry are foreign banks that plan to develop in the Russian market, mainly in the corporate sector, and need initiative and talented specialists in order to build an IT infrastructure from scratch. There is an increase in the microcredit segment, and IT professionals are also required to develop a large number of start-ups in this area, Antal Russia experts told TAdviser.

It is also interesting that in addition to knowing the specifics of the industry from IT specialists in banks recently, many employers also require additional education in finance. "Often, successful employment requires professional certificates, for example, FFMS. This is especially important for business analysts and project managers, "said Yulia Solyaeva,' lead consultant at Antal Russia.

Young Professionals Market

Career conducted a study and found that the labor market in the IT industry in the first quarter of 2012 increased by 43% compared to the first quarter of 2008. In the first quarter of 2012, compared to the same period a year earlier, IT demand increased by 2%. For comparison, the same indicator for the entire labor market was 7%.

The dynamics of vacancies for young specialists in the IT industry is similar to the general dynamics of the IT market. But at the same time, over the past year, the increase in vacancies amounted to 44%. Currently, every 11th vacancy in the IT market is aimed at a young specialist. At the same time, in 2008 this figure was better. Each 8-9th vacancy suited the young specialist. The decline in demand for young professionals was influenced by the 2008 crisis, the consequences of which were most felt in 2009-2010.

Now the labor market for young specialists is again entering an active phase of growth, which is clearly visible in the growing share of vacancies for these specialists. The competition in employment in the IT industry is now 2 people per vacant place, which is a low indicator. Among young specialists, it is significantly lower - about one person per place.

The main demand in the IT sector falls on full employment - 97% of all vacancies and on full time - 92%. In the labor market for young professionals in the IT industry, the share of vacancies with flexible and shift schedules is higher and slightly lower than in the market as a whole, the share of vacancies implying full-time work.

The main direction in the IT market, which is now in demand among employers, is "Programming, Development" - about 12% of all vacancies. Areas are also quite popular - "Project Management," "Engineers," "System Integration" and "Support, Helpdesk."

Most vacancies for young professionals are placed in the position of Technical Support Engineer - 27% of the total. In second place is the content manager (14%), in third place is the tester (12%).

The highest paid position for young specialists is a Java programmer (60 thousand rubles), less paid - a technical support engineer (27 thousand rubles). For comparison, on average in the IT market, these specialists receive 90 thousand rubles. and 34 thousand rubles. respectively.

SAP Consultants Market

Шаблон:Main 'SAP consultants

SAP consultants are in great demand in the Russian labor market: 1 consultant vacancy SAP accounts for only 1.4 resumes as of May 2012, according to data. Superjob Judging by the number of vacancies and resumes for the position of a consultant, the SAP specialists labor market is 10 times larger than the consultants labor market. Oracle

Salary offers for SAP consultants increased by 15.8% from mid-2011 to mid-2012, which is almost 2 times the average increase in salaries in information technology (8.2%).

Will the demand for SAP consultants continue to grow? Superjob experts believe so. However, for SAP consultants, it is worth considering restraining factors, in particular, serious competition in the local market from other developers of ERP systems, whose solutions are more accessible to small companies - Microsoft and 1C.

Moreover, already now the most experienced 1C implementers are offered about the same salaries that are offered to SAP consultants on average (100-145 thousand rubles).

Salary of SAP consultants in the regions of Russia depending on work experience, rubles

Source: Superjob, May 2012

Nevertheless, there is a significant shortage of SAP specialists on the market that meet the requirements of employers, which will stimulate the growth of salary offers for them, analysts say. However, the SAP consultants market regulates itself in accordance with demand: according to statistics, in 2011, 40% more resumes of SAP consultants were posted on the Superjob.ru portal than in 2010.

1C Programmers Market

1C programmers with minimal experience in Russia can count on a cash reward of at least 40-50 thousand per month, and as experience accumulates, their wages reach an average of 83 thousand per month.

Interestingly, according to the Superjob.ru provided specifically by TAdviser, depending on the industry of the employer, the remuneration of 1C programmers does not always change significantly. For example, as you can see from the table above, a 1C programmer with more than three years of experience, working in Moscow, receives in the IT and telecom industry, in production up to 154 thousand rubles, in construction and real estate - up to 110 thousand rubles, in sales - up to 165 thousand rubles.

1C programmers' salaries in various industries

Superjob.ru, 2012

The difference between the salaries of 1C programmers in Moscow and St. Petersburg is quite large - on average, St. Petersburg programmers receive 66 thousand rubles, which is 17 thousand Moscow colleagues, and at the upper limits of salary ranges in some categories, the difference can reach 30-40 thousand rubles between St. Petersburg and Moscow.

However, in general, the trend is as follows, and this is evident from the salary "forks" that a specialist with a sufficient baggage of knowledge and experience can count on decent compensation in any city and industry. Let us explain that in the table the salary range with work experience from two years provides, among other things, knowledge of other programming languages, experience in participating in specific implementation projects, development on the basis of "1C" 7.7/8.0/8.1 from two years, and the salary range with experience from three years assumes the presence of leadership work in the background.

It is also interesting that on average among applicants for the position of "programmer" 1C, the majority (83%) are men under the age of 39 (75%), with higher education (85%) and technical English (81%).

Windows System Administrators Market

The average salary of a Windows system administrator in St. Petersburg is 38-44 thousand rubles, and Moscow - 47-55 thousand rubles, according to TAdviser provided by the portal Superjob.ru. The gap between the salaries of specialists of this profile in St. Petersburg and Moscow is traditionally several thousand rubles in favor of the latter.

As for business sectors, employers from different fields of activity offer comparable salaries to Windows administrators, as can be seen from the table above. So the gradation of wages occurs mainly as the experience of employees increases, and not from industry to industry. For example, a specialist of this profile without experience in Moscow is ready to pay up to 39 thousand rubles in the field of IT, telecom, sales, industry and up to 35-36 thousand rubles in the fields of construction, real estate and services.

Salary offers for Windows system administrators by industry, rubles

Superjob.ru, 2012

But, having worked in this position for at least 2 years, such a specialist, employing in Moscow, has the right to count on an increase in earnings by 1.5-2 times. In particular, in the field of IT and telecom, he will be offered a salary of up to 77 thousand rubles, in industry and sales of B2B - up to 72 thousand rubles, in construction and services - up to 66 thousand rubles. It is also worth noting that salary "forks" for specialists with the same experience in the same cities and sectors of activity are very significant: the spread of wages is sometimes 20-30 thousand rubles. This means that in many respects the salary is determined by both the solvency of the company and the personality of the candidate himself for the vacant position.

Interestingly, even for specialists with work experience of 2 years or more, the presence of incomplete higher education is allowed, true, employers at the same time require a fairly extensive baggage of knowledge, starting from the methods of monitoring and diagnostics of server systems, principles of construction and functioning of modern computer systems and computer networks, information protection methods before MS Active Directory, MS Exchange, MS ISA Server, ОС Windows NT / 2000 / XP / 2003 Server. Experience in building a local network is also needed. Specialists with more than 3 years of experience are also expected to work with UNIX/Linux products, and have qualification certificates.

According to Superjob.ru, men (98%) under the age of 29 (63%) who speak technical English (86%) and have higher education (64%) most often apply for the position of "Windows System Administrator."

Technical Support Specialist Market

The work of technical support specialists is one of the lowest paid in the IT industry. Along with Windows administrators, their earnings are a little more than 30 thousand rubles - from 35 to 37 thousand in Moscow and from 26 to 30 thousand in St. Petersburg, according to Superjob.ru provided to the TAdviser portal.

But this position is attractive in that it is an excellent launch pad for the career growth of young specialists, as well as students, because even without work experience and with unfinished higher education, you can claim earnings from 20 thousand rubles and above - it is enough to be sure of the PC user and know well its components, peripherals and office equipment.

Salary offers for technical support specialists by industry, rubles

Superjob.ru, 2012

After half a year of work, technical support specialists can count on an increase in salary in the amount of several thousand rubles, after a year of work, as well as upon obtaining higher education, technical support workers receive from 28 to 46 thousand rubles in Moscow, in St. Petersburg - from 22 to 36 thousand rubles depending on the industry of activity, the level of personal competence and solvency of the employer. Technical support specialists who have at least two years of experience in this area can count on earnings of up to 66 thousand in Moscow and up to 52 thousand in St. Petersburg.

Interestingly, such employees receive the most in the field of information technology, telecom and in companies engaged in sales in the B2B market. A typical portrait of an applicant for the position of "technical support specialist" is as follows: this is a man (91%) under the age of 29 (67%) who has a higher (56%) or incomplete higher (23%) education, who speaks technical English (84%).

How much do IT sales managers earn?

The research center of the Superjob.ru portal conducted a study and found out how much the salaries of sales and customer service managers in Russian IT companies are.

First of all, recruiting experts urge not to confuse these specialties: the job of a sales manager is 80% search and attract customers. The account manager, on the contrary, works with people already interested in the company's services or products, even if they are not yet real customers.

The sales manager's income is on average 25% higher than that of the account manager. And if you perform the functions of a sales manager, then you should receive the appropriate salary, even if the employer prefers to call your position "account manager," personnel specialists warn.

The average salary offer for an account manager in Moscow is 52 thousand rubles, in St. Petersburg - 40 thousand rubles (hereinafter the average level of income, taking into account sales bonuses). The average salary in Moscow is 25 thousand rubles.

For many, the position of an account manager is the first step in a career, since it is possible to get such a job without experience at all. In Moscow, IT account managers without work experience are offered earnings from 25 to 33 thousand rubles a month, in St. Petersburg - from 17 to 25 thousand rubles. Having worked for at least a year, you can count on a salary of up to 35 thousand rubles in Moscow and up to 28 thousand rubles in St. Petersburg.

Account managers who want to continue to "grow" in this area of ​ ​ activity will not be able to avoid "merging" their job responsibilities with the functions of a sales manager. Vacancies require specialists with more than 2 years of experience to have good negotiation skills and successful experience in attracting new clients. Salary offers for such applicants in the capital increase to 65 thousand rubles, in St. Petersburg - up to 50 thousand rubles. The maximum earnings of sales managers in Moscow today is 130 thousand rubles, in St. Petersburg - 110 thousand rubles.

Business Analyst Market

Business analysis specialists in domestic companies are already looking back at Western colleagues, some of whom earn up to $90 thousand a year. However, the growth rate of salary offers of Russian business analysts leaves much to be desired - only 7% per year against 11.5% among other IT specialists. What is the reason for this situation, the research center of the recruiting portal figured out Superjob.ru.

The growing demand of companies for tools and technologies of business analysis has left an imprint on the labor market. Thus, the number of vacancies for business analysts in the first half of 2012 increased by 40%. For comparison, on average in the IT sector, the number of vacancies increased by 25%. That is, the growth rate of demand for business analysts overtakes the industry average by 60%.

Despite this, salary offers for business analysis specialists over the past year increased by only 7%, while on average in the IT sector, the growth of starting salaries amounted to 11.5%. This state of affairs is explained by the fact that during the crisis in 2008-2009, the salaries of business analysts suffered, perhaps, less than the rest of the IT specialists, and their growth in the next 3 years was much less noticeable against the background of the starting salaries of other specialists who had to first reach the pre-crisis level.

Salaries of business analysts with experience from three years in the regions

Superjob.ru, July 2012

However, the growth in demand for business analysts and a very limited supply (the supply-demand ratio is 2.8 resumes for 1 vacancy) will force employers to raise starting salaries in the near future, experts say Superjob.ru.

Another reason why while salary offers for business analysis specialists are in no hurry to increase is that it is very difficult to find an analyst who is deeply versed in business processes in a particular industry, especially in a specific enterprise. It is assumed that no matter what experience a specialist has, he will have to spend a lot of time to understand the specifics of working in a particular company. It is quite natural that employers prefer to raise their salaries based on the results of their work, when it becomes clear how effective a specialist is for their organization.

Salaries of business analysts with five-year experience in the regions

Superjob.ru, July 2012

The salary of business analysts abroad is quite high: for example, according to Business Insider, the annual salary of an Apple business analyst is more than $87.7 thousand.

The average salary offer for business analysts in Moscow is 75 thousand rubles, in St. Petersburg - 60 thousand rubles, in Volgograd, Kazan and Ufa - 32 thousand rubles, in Yekaterinburg - 45 thousand rubles, in Nizhny Novgorod - 33 thousand rubles, in Rostov-on-Don - 35 thousand rubles, in Novosibirsk and Chelyabinsk - 40 thousand rubles, in Omsk - 34 thousand rubles, in Samara - 37 thousand rubles.

The starting salary, which employers offer to candidates who first apply for the position of business analyst, in Moscow ranges from 40 to 55 thousand rubles, in St. Petersburg - from 30 to 43 thousand rubles, in Rostov-on-Don and Samara - from 18 to 25 thousand rubles.

Business analysts with a work experience of at least 3 years can apply for a more solid increase. The income of such specialists in Moscow reaches 110 thousand rubles, in the northern capital - 85 thousand rubles, in Rostov-on-Don and Samara - 50 thousand rubles.

Entry into the next salary range is open to business analysts with 5 years of experience. The maximum earnings that business analysts can count on in Moscow is 200 thousand rubles, in St. Petersburg - 150 thousand rubles, in Rostov-on-Don and Samara - 90 thousand rubles.

Russia: BI consultants found themselves in short supply

According to Antal Russia (Antal Rasha, Antal Talents), the top 10 scarce professions of 2012 included the specialty of BI-consultants, which indicates the rapid growth of the BI-solutions market.

Recall that, according to TAdviser, the market of BI systems in Russia and the CIS countries (licenses and services) in 2011 crossed the mark of 34.5 billion rubles, which is 35% more than a year earlier (25.5 billion rubles). In 2012, market participants expect to consolidate positive trends in 2011, further diversify the market and increase the number of projects.

As for BI consultants, according to recruiters, large companies are looking for candidates with experience in implementing BI solutions, mainly those who have already participated in several full-cycle implementation projects. "The number of projects in the BI sector is constantly increasing, and therefore the lack of specialists with the required experience is felt more and more," said Yulia Solaeva, lead consultant at Antal Russia. The income level of BI consultants is 150-300 thousand rubles per month before taxes.

Among other scarce specialties in 2012 were the following: Retail Operations Director at Outlet Center, Key Account Manager, Unified Service Center Director, E-Commerce Manager, Banking Business Development Director, Marketing Manager at B2B Company, Category Manager, Quality Control and Assurance Manager (Pharmaceuticals), Leading Manager of the Investment and Corporate Block.

According to Antal Russia, 32% of highly qualified specialists find a new place of work within one month, another 30% spend from 1 to 3 months on searches. "Based on this data, it can be argued that the market is still experiencing a shortage of professionals, and many companies are ready to fight for qualified personnel," said Michael Germershausen, managing director of the recruiting company Antal Russia.

Outlook for the year is positive

According to recruiting companies and system integrators surveyed by TAdviser, in 2012 Russian IT specialists will not be left without work. The European crisis does not have a serious impact on the local market. True, some professions will be more in demand than others.

Michael Germershausen, managing director of Antal Russia (Antal Rush, Antal Talents), says that despite the crisis in the stock markets, his company has not yet seen a significant decline in the number of vacancies. In contrast, demand is expected to increase for strong sales managers and people able to optimize costs. The pace of recruitment of personnel in the regions will grow.

Antal Russia expert Maxim Tsarsky added' that the outgoing year in the IT labor market was very active. Retail, e-commerce, pharmaceutical, and banking are particularly active industries in terms of hiring IT professionals. In these industries, there is a high demand for developers, project managers, IT managers and directors.

According to him, analysts of various levels are also in demand in banks. The demand for consultants for the implementation of various ERP systems is still at a consistently high level. "The intensive development of the e-commerce industry that we have seen this year will continue in 2012. Since the growth prospects for this industry are still unlimited, we expect further growth in demand for personnel from Internet projects, "said Maxim Tsarsky.

In general, Antal Russia believes that the prospects for 2012 are quite positive. "A certain alertness is felt only in companies whose head offices are located in Europe, however, they are planning further growth," recruiters say.

True, this does not mean the explosive growth of the personnel market. Valeria Chernetsova, head of Superjob.ru analytics, describes the situation for the first half of 2012 as "stable." In addition, no serious wage growth is expected. "Then everything will depend on how calmly the presidential elections will be held in our country," she said.

Yuri Virovets, president of HeadHunter, is also optimistic about 2012. In a conversation with TAdviser, he recalled that the IT market was going through a crisis very hard, the demand for specialists in late 2008 - early 2009 fell by more than 2 times, and the IT market managed to overcome this crisis only by November 2010. Today, the hh.ru number of IT vacancies is 56 thousand throughout Russia, and an average of 2 resumes apply for one vacancy.

According to Yuri Virovets, in 2011 there was no decline in demand for IT specialists even in the traditional summer months. "In the first half of next year, there should be no decline in the demand for specialists in the IT sector. At the same time, the number of resumes is growing, which means slowly growing competition. And nevertheless, the level of competition in IT among specialists (1.86 at the moment) is still very far even from the market average - 4.12, the sphere is still an applicant, "he summed up.

The most popular specialties at the moment, according to Antal Russia, are Java programmer, SAP consultant and Chief information officer. Valeria Chernetsova added that work in the field of public service is increasingly popular. Traditionally, all industries lack engineers and programmers. So, in the ranking of staff requests according to Superjob.ru for December 2011, programmers took 12th place out of 20.

HeadHunter notes that the development industry for mobile platforms (IOS, Android) is growing very strongly, but the relevance of j2me is still very high, and this will continue in the next couple of years. Web development is still very relevant, and this is also a long-term trend. According to the statistics of employers' search queries on HeadHunter, the top in-demand programmers are as follows: C++, Java, PHP, Delphi, Perl.

Meanwhile, IT market participants recognize the lack of specialists. Elena Sardovskaya, HR director at Microtest, told TAdviser that there was "no stagnation" in the IT personnel area. "Competent specialists are grabbed like hot pies, and even fight because of them," she said.

Lyudmila Antonova, HR Director of KORUS Consulting, commented to TAdviser that there is always a certain shortage of high-level specialists in the IT industry, and the consequences of the "demographic pit" of the 90s also affect current years. "So no respite is expected. On the contrary, we are actively developing student internship programs in order to select the best at the university and invite the company to work, "she said.

Natalia Likhodievskaya, HR Director at Softline, told TAdviser that her company also did not notice a stagnation in the personnel market in 2011, on the contrary, there was a shortage of IT specialists. "The number of personnel produced by universities lags behind the needs of the modern IT market by about 30-40%. This trend is likely to continue in the next year, 2012, "Natalia believes.

Work abroad for IT professionals from Russia

61% of managers working in Russia are ready to leave the country in order to take their position of interest. At the same time, another 27% are considering such an opportunity, but cannot yet decide. Only 12% of respondents are negative about the relocation. Such results were obtained as a result of a survey conducted by the recruiting company Antal Russia (Antal Rasha, Antal Talents).

As TAdviser was told in Antal Russia, the answers of IT specialists were distributed in about the same way: 63% of respondents were in favor of moving, 28% said that they might have left after receiving an interesting offer, and only 9% of IT workers were against.

According to Evgenia Lanichkina, an expert at Antal Russia, the main reason for encouraging managers to leave the country for a new job abroad is the possibility of gaining new experience, which is not always possible in their native country. "Often this career step becomes very successful, opening up new prospects for a professional. It is worth noting that many companies are now more interested not in expats, but in the so-called repats - Russian managers who worked for some time abroad and returned to Russia, "he commented.

However, the number of IT vacancies involving moving to another country, as TAdviser found out, is not so large yet. In particular, according to statistics, HeadHunter this is 0.7% or 276 vacancies from 39.4 thousand To Moscow in 2012 placed on IT hh.ru.

Valeria Chernetsova, head of analytics at Superjob, told TAdviser that the Superjob.ru portal has about 160 vacancies for IT specialists who intend to go to work abroad. 90% of these vacancies offer jobs in the CIS and Baltic countries.

Not all employers place vacancies in the public domain: international companies can hold a closed competition among their employees in the Russian office in order to redeploy the most promising of them to a foreign office, she said.

According to Superjob, there is also an influx of foreign specialists on the Russian labor market, and 16% of all resumes of foreign applicants belong to the IT sphere. "This suggests that the labor market in this area is far from saturation and a large outflow of our specialists abroad is not expected," Valeria believes.

Java programmers seek to leave Russia

31% of Java programmers consider job offers outside their hometown: in another region of Russia or in another country. Against the background of the obvious shortage of these specialists - the 1 vacancy accounts for 0.3 resumes - such figures look frightening, according to analysts at the Superjob.ru personnel portal, although there is no global outflow of personnel yet.

According to the Tiobe Programming Community Index, as of July 2012, Java is the second most popular programming language in the world (was the leader until April 2012).

The average starting salary of a Java programmer in Moscow is 90 thousand rubles a month. As mentioned above, many developers consider this salary not attractive enough and strive to find work outside their native country.

So, 22% of Java programmers are ready to leave Moscow if they are offered a good job. For comparison: on average in the IT industry, this figure is 14%. The average salary of a Java developer, for example, in the United States is at the level of the maximum bar of Russian programmers and is, according to the www.glassdoor.com portal, $5,400 thousand per month.

If we talk not only about Moscow Java programmers, but also about their colleagues from other regions of the country, then on average 31% of Java developers are ready to leave their native places in search of a better job. Only Oracle programmers overtake them in terms of mobility: 45% of them consider the proposals of employers from other countries/regions. In third place are the.NET developers: 30% of them noted the opportunity to work not only in their native region.

Average salary offer for Java programmers in St. Petersburg - 73 thousand rubles, in Volgograd - 37 thousand rubles, in Yekaterinburg - 55 thousand rubles, in Kazan - 40 thousand rubles, in Nizhny Novgorod - 40 thousand rubles, in Novosibirsk and Chelyabinsk - 48 thousand rubles, in Rostov-on-Don and Samara - 43 thousand rubles, in Omsk - 42 thousand rubles, in Ufa - 38 thousand rubles. So often Java programmers migrate between individual regions of Russia in search of higher wages.

Remote IT

2023

The share of vacancies at the remote in IT is up to 35%

Analysts of the online recruiting platform Superjob analyzed whether employers began to post more vacancies with IT remote work in 2023, as well as what is the average level at salaries a remote location in. Russian IT SuperJob announced this on October 27, 2023.

According to the SuperJob Research Center, the share of vacancies at a remote location in the segment "IT, Internet, telecommunications, communications" in October 2023 in the Russian Federation as a whole is 32-35%. For comparison, in October 2021 this figure was 18-22%, and in October 2019 − 7-10%.

At the same time, SuperJob does not note differences in the salaries of IT specialists working in the office, remotely or in a hybrid format. The format of work is one of the popular ways to attract IT specialists, but financial guarantees come first.

According to SuperJob, there are fewer vacancies for junior specialists, salary offers for them have decreased - SuperJob noted this trend back in 2022. The twofold increase in the total number of junior vacancies claimed in the study is most likely due to two aspects:

1. large employers place the same vacancy in several cities at once, thereby trying to increase the flow of candidates;
2. the position itself assumes greater fluidity.

The IT sector has a high entry threshold, and practical experience is a priority. The salaries of middle- and senior-developers continue to grow.

Salary offers of employers in IT in Moscow for the year increased by 8.5%. The record rate of salary growth in IT turned out to be the covid 2021 - the average market salary offers of employers increased by more than a quarter. "

For October 2023, we are as ready as possible to pay the developers of iOS, Pythin and PHP − 550 thousand rubles. per month net. (in hand, after taxes), fix (excluding bonuses, additional benefits and compensation).

To programmers Java are ready to pay 500 thousand rubles. per month net., And on average - 300 thousand rubles. This is along with average salaries programmers Golang/Go the highest average salaries on the market. The annual increase in the average market salary of Java programmers was + 11.1%, and for two years + 30.4%.

Product managers are also ready to pay up to 500 thousand rubles. per month, and on average - 290 thousand rubles. Growth + 7.4% and + 16%, respectively.

JavaScript programmers had the highest salary growth rates for the year − 13.6%. On average, such specialists receive 250,000 rubles. per month, and maximum - 400,000 rubles.

The maximum increase in average market wages for 2 years was recorded among PHP and Python programmers: + 42.1%. On average, such programmers earn 270 thousand rubles today, and the maximum is 550 thousand rubles. and 500 thousand rubles. respectively.

59% of the heads of information security departments began to have a positive attitude towards "remote"

59% of the heads of information security departments began to have a positive attitude towards "remote." This was announced on September 20, 2023 by the SearchInform company. Read more here.

2012: The labor of remote employees is used by almost a third of Russian companies

The labor of remote employees is used by almost a third (32%) of Russian companies, Superjob.ru researchers came to this conclusion in November 2012. At the same time, 22% of them apply for such employees to the company's staff under an employment contract, another 10% have remote outsourced employees.

Most often, remote employees perform work in the field of IT (24%), sales (18%), finance and accounting (11%), as well as recruiting (10%) and design (9%). For example, remote work is often chosen by IT specialists in the field of development, programming, system administration.

Less often, remote workers are involved in marketing, jurisprudence and design (4% each), as well as in editing, layout, translations, advertising, procurement and telephone consulting (2% each). In other areas, remote workers attract 22% of employers.

However, 63% of Russian employers do not yet use the services of remote workers. The main argument of opponents of such a labor organization is the impossibility of constant control over remote employees, which means the likelihood that they will work half way.

In addition, a majority of employers (72%) acknowledge that remote employees are less likely to be promoted than their office counterparts. The main reason is the lack of communication between the remote worker and other team members, and often also a narrow area of ​ ​ work.

See also

• Recruitment in IT companies
• Silicon Valley
• Programmer
• Application Development Tools - Product and Project Catalog
• Programmer
• Programmer's Day
• Programmer cemeteries. Why not all IT people want to work for corporations
• Site developers (contacts of programmers)
• HackerRank Programmer Rating
• Cost of hour of programmer's work
• Salaries of programmers in Russia
• Impostor syndrome in IT
• TAdviser Government Day: State and business shared thoughts, what kind of personnel do the digital economy need and how to get them?

Notes