State Region State Unified Cloud Platform GEOP

Tasks of FSIS "GEOP Management"

FSIS "GEOP Management" is intended for testing the functions of comprehensive automation, information and technological support of quality control processes for the provision of GEOP computer and software services, regulation of service providers, optimization, planning and decision-making in terms of the tasks of functioning and development of GEOP

Structural diagram of GEOP

Tools and services of the State Unified Cloud Platform

Import substitution tools

GEOP Technical Policy

GEOP technical policy, which constitutes a set of technical requirements for data centers, software and hardware complexes, including:

• computing
• switching equipment
• storage systems

GEOP Migration Technology

• Technology of migration to GEOP of information systems of state authorities.
• Practice shows that the transition to the use of import-substituted technologies is an extremely difficult task for departments and practically impossible if the department makes such a transition alone.

Modeling benches

• Modeling stands created on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Institute" Voskhod, "with the help of which technical solutions for software services and cloud computing services will be tested.

Basic GEOP services

Infrastructure Services (Colocation, IaaS)

• Data Center Infrastructure Services
• Leases of computing power and communication channels

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

• Operating systems;
• DBMS (database management systems)
• Manage cloud (virtual) resources.

Software as a Service (SaaS).

• AD. Account and desktop directory service with authentication and authorization subsystem.
• Email. Electronic messaging.
• File service. Storing and sharing files.
• Instant Messaging Service. Real-time messaging.
• Task Management (Assignments)
• audio and video. conference communication

The next level is e-government services (eGaaS)

• electronic document management systems
• National Data Management System (NDMS)
• system of interdepartmental electronic interaction (SMEV)
• Unified Identification and Authorization System (ESIA)
• TARM
• OGV Design Activities

Gostech - e-government platform

Main article: Gosteh (Unified Digital Platform of the Russian Federation)

Automated workplace of a civil servant (WS HS)

Main article: Automated workplace of a civil servant

Unified cloud platform for business in Russia

Main article: Rostelecom: Unified cloud platform for business in Russia

History

2024

Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin approved the regulations for the operation of the Gosoblako unified cloud platform. Main provisions

Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed a decree approving the regulations for the operation of the state unified cloud platform Gosoblako. The document was published in July 2024. It follows that the platform provides the ability to provide consumers with the following cloud service groups:

• Providing computing and storage resources
• configuration of virtual machines and their maintenance, provision of load balancing of information and telecommunication infrastructure;
• Providing an object storage system
• providing a backup management system;
• Providing managed container clusters
• providing a software infrastructure of data marts;
• Providing system software
• providing communication channels;
• Providing public IPv4 addresses
• ensuring information security;
• provision of sets of information protection tools;
• Provision of hardware
• provision of software and hardware systems;
• provision of secure placement of information protection means, including cryptographic equipment;
• Other groups of cloud services needed by consumers that can be delivered within a public single cloud platform.

Mikhail Mishustin

According to the press service of the Government of the Russian Federation, the state unified cloud platform will be put into operation on January 1, 2025. The State Region will become a single complex for the placement and operation of information systems and resources of various ministries and departments, state extrabudgetary funds, public law companies, as well as socially oriented non-profit organizations. Its users will be able to securely store the necessary data. For operations, Russian software products and equipment will be used that meet the requirements in the field of import substitution.

The Cabinet noted that in general, work in Gosblak will allow state authorities and other organizations of the public sector to optimize costs and simplify interdepartmental interaction, which in turn will increase the effectiveness of the provision of public services.

The creation of a state unified cloud platform is underway within the framework of the federal project "Digital Public Administration." In general, work in the "State Cloud" will allow state authorities and other organizations of the public sector to optimize costs and simplify interdepartmental interaction, which in turn will increase the effectiveness of the provision of public services. The Ministry of Digital Development ensures the provision of cloud services through the state unified cloud platform, and the consumer, as stated in the government decree:

• Identifies the need for cloud services delivered through the government's single cloud platform
• ensures the transfer of information systems and information resources of the consumer to the state unified cloud platform;
• provides the necessary level of information security for the information systems and information resources of the consumer located in the state unified cloud platform;
• has the right to apply to the Ministry of Digital Development for methodological support on the functioning of the state unified cloud platform;
• presents documents and information on the architecture and functioning of information systems and information resources of the consumer, which are planned to be transferred to the state unified cloud platform, to the Ministry of Digital Development upon its request.

When placing information systems and consumer information resources in the state unified cloud platform, it is allowed for the consumer to use technical and software tools to which the consumer has appropriate rights.

Government of the Russian Federation Resolution of July 10, 2024 No. 929

41 departments connected to Goscloud

In May 2024, Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin approved amendments to government decree No. 1114 of August 28, 2019, regulating the process of transferring information systems and resources of federal executive bodies to the state unified cloud platform GEOP. Thanks to the changes made, the number of participants in the experimental project on migration to Gosoblako, calculated until December 31, 2024, increased to 41 departments.

Among the new participants in the "pilot" are key ministries and departments, such as the government apparatus, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Eastern Development, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Energy and the Federal Penitentiary Service "FSIN." Joining the experiment, they were able to migrate their information resources to Gosoblako and use communication services of the automated workplace, including corporate email, calendar, cloud data storage and internal portal.

Mikhail Mishustin approved amendments to government decree No. 1114 of August 28, 2019

In addition, the updated decree provides for the option of voluntary participation in the "pilot" for a wide range of organizations, including the administration and council of the federal territory "Sirius," the Analytical Center under the government, PPK "Russian Environmental Operator," socially oriented NGOs, regional authorities, state institutions and other public law companies.

By using the cloud platform, departments save on maintaining their own IT infrastructure. According to the deputy head of the Ministry of Digital Industry Yevgeny Filatov, made in February 2024, the savings amount to more than 50% of budget funds intended for IT infrastructure.

According to experts interviewed by Kommersant, the implementation of large-scale state infrastructure projects, such as Gosoblako, is one of the main drivers of the development of the domestic cloud technology market. The results of the Runet Economics study conducted by the RAEK Electronic Communications Association indicate that in 2023 the Russian cloud infrastructure market grew by 35% and reached a volume of 349.5 billion rubles.

According to Filatov, the expansion of the number of participants in the experiment on the transition to Gosoblako reflects the course of the Russian government to optimize and unify the IT infrastructure of federal authorities. It is expected that this process will lead to tangible budget savings and increase the efficiency of government departments in the long term.^[1]

Ministry of Digital Development: 80% of government agencies in Russia switched to Gosoblako

By the end of April 2024, approximately 80% of government agencies in Russia switched to the State Region. These are more than 40 different departments and over 100 state information systems. Such data are contained in the materials of the Ministry of Digital Development disclosed on May 8, 2024.

It is reported that the resources of the State Cloud include, among other things, the systems of the Ministry of Health (EGIS), the Federal Medical and Biological Agency (EMIAS, FGIS EIBD), Rosleshoz (FGIS LK), Rostekhnadzor (GIS AIS), the Social Fund of Russia (ECC, AHD, ECP Social Treasury), Ros. Services operate on the Roste lecom DPC infrastructure. Since 2022, it has been using fully Russian solutions, including server equipment, storage systems, switches, backup and information security tools.

80% of government agencies switched to the State region

Kirill Semion, Director General of ANO National Competence Center for Holding Management Information Systems (NCC ISU), says that the main advantage of the State Cloud is uniformity. We are talking, in particular, about the standardization of information exchange. In addition, the use of the State Cloud contributes to "mutual enrichment with data." It is also said that Gosoblako has begun to undergo adaptation to the requirements of GosTech and is modifying the existing infrastructure for this platform.

On the other hand, private company platforms are becoming an alternative to federal solutions. For example, an expert of the software products department of the SKB Kontur group of companies (operator of the electronic document management system) Sergei Kuznetsov notes that government cloud solutions are being created on the basis of Kontur. Gosoblako. According to him, the company does not work at the federal level, but participates in the creation of regional and municipal information systems.^[2]

The authorities abandoned plans to create a register of military registration on the Gostech platform

On January 22, 2024, it became known that the Russian authorities refused to create a register of military registration on the Gostech platform - instead, the system is planned to be deployed from scratch on the basis of the Gosoblako infrastructure cloud platform. However, this can lead to an increase in the project implementation time. Read more here.

2023: Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation will increase the number of data centers for the work of Goscloud

In May 2023, it became known about the decision of the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation to increase the number of data centers in Russia for the operation of state information systems. Some details on this subject were shared by the deputy head of the department Yevgeny Filatov at a visiting meeting of the State Duma Committee on Information Policy, Technologies and Communications.

We have four cities and nine data centers represented in Goscloud, it is planned that by 2030 it will be nine cities and 15 data centers. But this information will still be clarified during this [2023] year, - said Filatov (quoted by TASS).

According to him, by May 2023, about 70-75% of the data center capacities are concentrated in Moscow, and in terms of data transmission delays, the remoteness of data centers from the regions, especially the Far East, is critical for information systems.

We now have the task of the Security Council to jointly work out a detailed plan for the placement of data centers for state information systems that will cover the main regions of Russia, since the problem of data centers is now especially important for the regions, "said the Deputy Head of the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation.

The Chairman of State Dumas the Committee on Information Policy Alexander Hinstein also noted the importance of the topic of the development of data centers outside the central part, Russia because, according to him, 85% of all data centers in Russia are located in Moscow, and. Moscow area St. Petersburg

And this, of course, is wrong, given the scale of our country, - said the head of the committee.

Rostelecom President Mikhail Oseevsky, in turn, noted the importance of correctly determining the place for data centers, and when making a decision, the key factor is the issue of energy supply.

We still hope that data centers of a certain scale will have access to the wholesale electricity market. Such instructions were given by the president at one time, but they have not yet found their reflection in the regulations. The industry is developing rapidly, and it needs to be supported, - said Oseevsky.[3]

2022

The Ministry of Digital Development buys computing power for Goscloud for 1.3 billion rubles

On December 5, 2022, it became known about the tender announced by the Ministry of Digital Development for the purchase of computing resources for the Gosoblako platform. The agency is ready to pay 1.3 billion rubles. Applications for participation in the competition will be accepted until December 12, 2022. The contract completion date is December 31, 2023.

The customer of the purchase is the Ministry of Digital Development, the object is "the provision of services for the provision of computing resources for the state unified cloud platform in order to place and ensure the functioning of information resources and information systems of federal executive bodies of the Russian Federation and state extrabudgetary funds."

As noted in the tender documentation referred to by the Interfax agency, the contractor must provide resources for creating a computing infrastructure and data storage infrastructure (servers, data storage systems), provide information protection tools and communication channels.

The transfer of government systems to the cloud platform is designed to save resources on servicing its own IT infrastructure, and in the future, Gosoblako should become the infrastructure foundation for the development of e-government and ensure data security, including through the use of mainly Russian software and equipment.

In mid-August 2022, the Ministry of Digital Development proposed to extend until the end of 2024 the experiment on the transfer of information systems and information resources of federal executive bodies, the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation, state extrabudgetary funds and the company "Unified Customer in the Field of Construction" to "Gosoblako," expanding the list of participants in the experiment.^[4]

Rostelecom will provide Goscloud with server capacity for 7.9 billion rubles

On October 18, 2022, the Ministry of Digital Development signed a contract with Rostelecom in the amount of 7.7 billion rubles. It involves the provision by the company of computing resources of the state unified cloud platform (GEOP) to host and ensure the functioning of information systems and information resources of government agencies.

The contract provides for the provision of Gosblak's capacities to accommodate and ensure the functioning of information systems and information resources of state authorities, state institutions, state extra-budgetary funds, as well as the public law company Unified Customer in the Construction Sector. It would be concluded within the framework of the federal project "Digital Public Administration" of the state program "Information Society," approved on April 15, 2014.

According to TASS in the press service of Rostelecom, under the contract with the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation, Rostelecom DPC have been provide capacity for Gosblak for three years, and this purchase represents an expansion of the volume of current contracts.

The agreement, according to the information in the documentation, was concluded within the framework of the implementation of the federal project "Digital State Administration" of the state program of the Russian Federation "Information Society," approved in 2014.

It is assumed that the GEOP will increase the effectiveness of the use of information systems, as well as information security - the systems themselves, personal data of citizens of the Russian Federation and significant objects of critical information infrastructure. In addition, it will contribute to the development of the domestic market for computing equipment and software. In October, the Russian government issued a decree providing for the extension of the experiment until the end of 2024.^[5]

Mishustin extended the experiment on the transfer of FOIV information systems to the State Cloud through the creation of GEOP

In early October 2022, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed a decree extending the experiment on the transfer of state information systems to a single state region at the end of 2024. Initially, the project was calculated until the end of 2022.

Thus, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the extension of the experiment on the transfer of information systems and information resources of federal executive bodies (FOIV), the Central Election Commission, state extra-budgetary funds and the public law company "Unified Customer in the Field of Construction" to the state unified cloud platform (GEOP), as well as to provide FOIV and state extra-budgetary funds with automated workplaces and software.

In addition, the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation was instructed by March 1, 2023 to develop and submit for approval to the Government of the Russian Federation a draft regulation on communication services of the automated workplace, draft acts regulating the functioning of the GEOP outside the framework of the experiment.

As explained in the Ministry of Digital Development, the extension of the experiment is due to the development and debugging of new services provided on the infrastructure of the State Cloud. For example, information security services, the provision of software and hardware complexes, services for basic configuration and maintenance of virtual machines, etc. According to the ministry, the project is actively developing, in connection with which a prompt response to the requests of participants is required. For this, the format of the experiment is very convenient. At the same time, the Ministry of Digital Development is finalizing the main regulatory framework, which takes a longer time than the previously determined terms of the experiment.

By August 2022, 21 FOIVs participated in the experiment on the transfer of FOIV information systems to the State Region using the creation of GEOP.

Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.10.2022 No. 1753 "On Amendments to the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 28, 2019 No. 1114"

The Ministry of Digital Development is extending the experiment on the transfer of GIS to a single state region

In mid-August 2022, it became known about the decision of the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation to extend the experiment on the transfer of state information systems (GIS) to Gosoblako (state unified cloud platform, GEOP) for another two years.

According to RIA Novosti with reference to the explanatory note to the draft resolution, developed by the Ministry of Digital Development, the document provides for the extension until December 31, 2024 of the term of the experiment on the translation of information systems and information resources of federal executive bodies, The Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation and the state extra-budgetary funds and the public law company "Unified Customer in the Field of Construction" into a state unified cloud platform, as well as to provide federal executive bodies and state extra-budgetary funds with automated workplaces and software.

The experiment on the transfer InformSystems to Gosoblako started on August 30, 2019 and was supposed to be completed at the end of 2022 (initially it was supposed to be completed at the end of 2020). Rosvodresursy, Rosmolodezh, Rosobrnadzor, Rosprirodnadzor, Rossotrudnichestvo will also join the experiment, according to a draft Ministry of Digital Development published in August 2022.

In April 2022, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed a government decree according to which the GEOP will become part of e-government. As the Cabinet of Ministers was informed, the inclusion of GEOP in the electronic government will allow "to build the work of government agencies without new purchases of computer equipment, which are limited in the current situation."

The transfer of government systems to the cloud platform is designed to save resources on servicing its own IT infrastructure, and in the future, the state cloud should become the infrastructure foundation for the development of e-government and ensure data security, including through the use of mainly Russian software and equipment.^[6]

Rostelecom will provide the capacity of data centers for Goscloud for 1.8 billion rubles

As it became known on June 2, 2022, Rostelecom will provide the capacity of data centers for Gosblak (state unified cloud platform, GEOP). The telecommunications company signed a corresponding contract worth 1.8 billion rubles with Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation.

According to Interfax, citing materials published on the public procurement website, computing power is necessary to accommodate and ensure the functioning of information resources and information systems of federal executive bodies and state extrabudgetary funds. The contract is valid until December 20, 2022, financing is supposed to be provided at the expense of the federal project "Digital State Administration" of the state program "Information Society."

According to the agency, earlier Rostelecom was chosen as the only service provider for Goscloud, but by the beginning of June 2022, SberCloud was the service SberCloud for one of the contracts. As noted in the Ministry of Digital Development, the department is working on the issue of participation in the program and other data centers.

The Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy in early June 2022 reported that the transition of state information systems (GIS) to cloud technologies within the framework of the Gosoblako and Gostech projects (unified digital platform), even without taking into account sanctions and technological restrictions, will require optimization of government costs by diversifying suppliers with the most favorable prices for certain types of services. According to experts, it is necessary to develop a flexible procurement system to pay for services depending on their use.^[7]

Cloud4Y became a member of the Ministry of Digital Development of the State Cloud

In 2021 Ministry of Digital Development , it announced the creation of an interdepartmental working group for the development of Gosblak. Now the corporate one is also working as part of IWG, cloudy provider Cloud4Y which he announced on April 28, 2022. More. here

2021

Ministry of Digital Development presented a new concept of "State Cloud"

The Ministry of Digital Development has transformed the concept of the State Unified Cloud Platform (GEOP). "Gosoblako 2" will be built on the basis of the ideology of community cloud, that is, the IT infrastructure will be unified for all project participants, Konstantin Gurzov, director of the department for the development of cloud services and data management of the Ministry of Digital Science, told TAdviser.

GIS, which were deployed in Goscloud 1, will remain there for the time being, and we will launch new GIS on the new Goscloud 2 infrastructure. The main difference is that the project is implemented on the basis of the ideology of community cloud or public cloud. This means that if earlier each departmental GIS was created on its own infrastructure and in its own security loop, now they will use a single IT and information security environment. This approach will only save up to 30% on information GIS, and will also make it possible to more flexibly use computing resources and speed up the GIS deployment process in Goscloud, "Gurzov said.

According to the representative of the Ministry of Digital Development, the implementation of the concept of a public cloud will reduce the period for reconfiguring equipment from 90 to 5 days. It will make it possible to place new GIS in a loop protected by K1 class, and not to create information security systems from scratch for each individual system. In addition, the platform will become more flexible and stable, as it will be possible to freely redistribute computing power between project participants.

According to the Ministry of Digital Development, the average utilization of the IT resources of the participating departments of Gosblak 1 in the period from April to August 2021: vCPU - 39.7%, vHDD - 84.0%, vRAM - 28.8%. That is, the infrastructure is "underutilized."

The first project participants whose GIS will be included in Gosoblako 2:

• Ministry of Economic Development Russia
• Ministry of Construction of Russia
• Ministry of Health of Russia
• Rosgvardia
• Rosselkhoznadzor
• Rosleskhoz
• PFOMS
• Ministry of Education of Russia
• Ministry of Sports of Russia
• EMERCOM of Russia
• Roshydromet
• FAS Russia
• FMBA of Russia

Also in "Goscloud 2" it is planned to deploy GIS:

• Rossotrudnichestvo
• Rospotrebnadzor
• Roszdravnadzor
• Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
• Samara Oblast Administration
• St. Petersburg City Administration

GIS is already operating in Goscloud 1:

• Ministry of Labor of Russia
• Ministry of Justice of Russia
• State Fiscal Service of Russia
• Rostekhnadzor
• Rosreestr
• Rosarchiv
• Federal Property Management Agency
• FIU
• FSS of Russia
• Ministry of Digital Development of Russia

And by the end of 2021, Rostrud and Rosstat systems will be launched in Goscloud 1.

To legalize all changes to the draft FSIS "GEOP Management," amendments will be made to the current legislation: No. 149-FZ "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection," No. 126 - FZ "On Communications," Information Security Concept, Regulation on "Gosblak," etc.

The competition for the provision of computing resources for the state unified cloud platform should be announced by the end of November.

Today we are piloting various projects - GS AWS, Gosoblako, the Gostech platform - and I admit that in a few years they will merge into a single state platform, "said Konstantin Gurzov.

The Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Sports, the Ministry of Emergencies, the Federal Antimonopoly Service and Roshydromet joined the project of the state cloud

In October 2021, Prime Minister RFMikhail Mishustin signed a decree that expanded the composition of the participants in the experiment on the transfer of information systems and resources of federal executive bodies (FOIV) to the state unified cloud platform (GEOP). The project was joined by:

• Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation;
• Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation;
• Ministry of Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Management (EMERCOM of Russia);
• Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) of Russia;
• Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet);
• Federal Biomedical Agency (FMBA).

The experiment on the transfer of IT systems of FOIV to the "state region" will last until the end of 2022. Its participants expect, at the expense of GEOP, to increase the efficiency of using IT systems, as well as the information security of the systems themselves, personal data of citizens of the Russian Federation and significant objects of critical information infrastructure. In addition, according to the authors of the initiative, it will contribute to the development of the domestic IT equipment and software market.

In October 2021, the Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation Maksut Shadayev said that the "state region" is now one of the services of "GosTech" - a platform on which it is possible to quickly and effectively create state digital services and information systems.

It is planned to develop and develop standard design solutions for the implementation of work on the transfer of federal executive bodies to the State Unified Cloud Platform, as well as ensuring the functioning and development of GEOP and the development of interdepartmental digital platforms for ensuring the activities of state authorities on the basis of GEOP. By 2024, 80% of FOIVs are expected to use these services.^[8][9]

Economic impact of the GosCloud project

Konstantin Gurzov, Director of the Department for the Development of Cloud Services and Data Management, Ministry of Digital Development of Russia]]

Digitalization of government agencies will be controlled from GosCloud

On July 6, 2021, the Ministry of Digital Development of Russia announced the transition of the state information system for the coordination of informatization (FGIS KI) to the state unified cloud platform (GosCloud). Responsible for the operation of the system and its transition to this platform is the Center for Expertise and Coordination of Informatization (CECI), subordinate to the Ministry of Digital Development of Russia. Read more here.

The Ministry of Digital Development will place IT systems of the MHIF in the state cloud for 1.39 billion rubles

At the end of June 2021, the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation announced another tender for the purchase of computing resources for the state unified cloud platform (GEOP). The department intends to spend up to 1.39 billion rubles on the implementation of this purchase. Read more here.

SberCloud, Kaspersky Lab and mobile operators were involved in work on the state cloud

On April 22, the Ministry of Digital Development announced the first meeting of the working group on the development of the state cloud, created earlier that month. It took place under the leadership of Konstantin Gurzov, Director of the Department of Projects for Informatization of the Ministry of Digital Development.

Among the participants of the working group at the first meeting were representatives of government departments: Ministry of Digital Development Labor, Ministry of Health, FSTEC; mobile operators: VimpelCom (operates under the Beeline brand), MTS, Rostelecom; as well as IT companies: Kaspersky Lab, Cloud Technologies (as the SberCloud legal entity is called) and other representatives of Russian companies.

It was decided to divide the participants of the working group into four subgroups "in accordance with key competencies." The first will prepare proposals for the development of the state cloud and the study of organizational and technical issues. The participants of the second subgroup will consider the information security of the platform. The third will prepare changes in legislation. And the fourth issue will include the development of proposals for the composition of the state cloud and determining the conditions for moving existing GIS to a single platform.

The division into subgroups will allow participants to concentrate on specialized issues. We will submit the results of the discussions for a general discussion so that, if desired, everyone can speak on the topic, - explained Konstantin Gurzov. - We plan active teamwork. At the end of each meeting, there should be a real result that will help the state cloud develop

At the same time, leaders will be identified in each subgroup who will moderate the course of discussions and answer questions from participants, the Ministry of Digital Development said in a statement.

The composition of subgroups must be approved for the next meeting. At it, participants put forward the first proposals for the development of the platform and related initiatives.

Ministry of Digital Development has created an interdepartmental working group for the development of the state cloud

On April 8, 2021, the Ministry of Digital Development announced the creation of an interdepartmental working group that will develop a state unified cloud platform. Its main tasks are as follows:

• development of a draft package of documents regulating the functions and industrial operation of the state cloud;
• preparation of proposals for the development and operation of the platform;
• development of organizational and technical aspects of existing and potential participants;
• preparation of proposals and draft requirements for the functioning, infrastructure, service providers and the level of their provision, IT networks and the architecture of InformSystems and information resources of departments, information security of the state cloud;
• creation of draft accreditation, certification and control rules provided for services and platform suppliers.

The interdepartmental working group was headed by Russian Deputy Head of the Ministry of Digital Development Andrei Chernenko. Konstantin Gurzov was appointed Deputy Working Group. It included representatives of the Ministry of Digital Development of Russia, the Ministry of Labor of Russia, the Ministry of Health of Russia, the FSS of Russia, the FSB of Russia, the FSTEC of Russia, the authorities of St. Petersburg and the Samara region, the expert community and the largest companies in the industry.

Our experience shows that the regions have a large number of state information systems and need a State Cloud. Therefore, in the future, the regions will also have the opportunity to connect to the experiment. We will consider this issue at the meetings of the working group, - said Konstantin Gurzov, director of the department of projects for informatization of the Ministry of Digital Development, whose words are quoted by the press service of the department.

He noted that the number of participants in the experiment on the development of the state cloud in Russia included funds, academies, the Central Election Commission and federal executive bodies.^[10]

The experiment with Gosblak has been extended for another two years. Why?

The State Unified Cloud Platform (GEOP, Gosoblako) is a landmark project of the Ministry of Digital Development. The experiment with the migration of departments to Gosoblako during 2019-2020. developed quite successfully. As a result, it was decided to extend the experiment for another two years. During this time, the architecture and principles of the State Cloud will radically change. Konstantin [1]Gurzov, Director of the Department of Informatization Projects of the Ministry of Digital Development, spoke about this at the TAdviser IT Government Day 2021 conference, which took place on March 10, 2021.

The representative of the department explained that initially Gosoblako was conceived as a class IaaS (Infrastructure As A Service) project aimed at providing IT infrastructure to executive and other government bodies and other government agencies, with the prospect of further development into the regional segment. In this capacity, the experiment 2019-2020. showed good results.

The results of an experiment with the migration of departments to Gosoblako in 2019-2020.

The main task of the "State Cloud," formulated at the time of the start of the project, was to equalize the capabilities of various departments that are at different stages of digital maturity. To this end, the Gosblak infrastructure implemented a mechanism for disaster-resistant infrastructure and fault-tolerant operation of the provided resources: computing, data storage resources, communication channel lease services.

During the project, all the information systems of the departments that took part in the experiment migrated to the cloud. In total, 50 information systems are located there, including:

• State Courier Service of Russia - 25 systems;
• Rosarchiv - 3;
• Ministry of Justice of Russia - 1;
• Ministry of Labor of Russia - 2;
• Rostekhnadzor - 11;
• FSS of Russia - 3;
• Federal Property Management Agency - 5.

More than 10 thousand employees of departments work with information systems located in the "State Cloud." More than 1.3 PB of data were transferred there. As Konstantin Gurzov noted, no critical incidents were registered, no simple information systems were recorded.

According to the results achieved in 2019-2020, 11 more departments decided to join the experiment:

• Rosleskhoz
• Rosstat
• Ministry of Economic Development
• RPF
• Ministry of Construction
• FCMIF
• Rostrud
• Ministry of Health
• Federal Registration Service
• Rosselkhoznadzor
• Central Election Commission.

What needs to be corrected?

The original structure of the "State Cloud" bears the features of, mainly, a private cloud. However, Konstantin Gurzov noted, a new relevant trend in cloud building appeared - Community Cloud, that is, a public cloud. Unlike the private cloud, this type of cloud infrastructure is focused on sharing with the community of corporate consumers, who are united by common tasks and needs, for example, regarding information security requirements, data processing policies, etc.

In this case, we form a very flexible and scalable infrastructure, within which you can easily transfer resources from one system to another, - explained Konstantin Gurzov. - Then we will get a real "state cloud," and not a bunch of private clouds.

A critical element of the new cloud architecture is the market approach to choosing cloud service providers for the Goscloud project.

Until now, the functioning of Gosblak was provided by one supplier - Rostelecom. But in the future we want to see other participants, there are many of them today, - said Konstantin Gurzov.

The emergence of a group of commercial companies as suppliers of cloud infrastructure for a project, the composition of which may change, poses a number of new serious tasks for the developers of Goscloud. Actually, it was for their practical implementation that the Ministry of Digital Development took another two years, extending the experimental format of the GEOP for 2021-2022. Among the key tasks is to adjust the regulatory framework, develop the principles of effective resource utilization and a new charging model for services.

Development of the regulatory framework

According to Konstantin Gurzov, work is underway under regulatory legal acts (NPA), which should create the legal framework of Gosblak in the Community Cloud format. Thus, it is necessary to develop clear requirements for cloud providers applying for participation in the project.

There is still a lot of work in this area, the representative of the Ministry of Digital Development noted, because it is yet to, for example, introduce the concept of a data center into the regulatory framework. Then it will be possible to describe the specific requirements for the data center of the cloud provider in terms of reliability and security, including technical infrastructure.

The development of these requirements, Konstantin Gurzov emphasized, will be in line with the state strategy of import substitution and will include such aspects as Russian computer hardware, domestic virtualization products, open platforms, etc.

Efficient utilization of GEOP resources

The Community Cloud format has special requirements for managing the disposal of pooled resources. To this end, a federal GIS is being created to manage the resources of Gosblak (FSISU). In 2021, it is planned to certify it and put it into commercial operation. The main task of the FSISU is to clearly monitor the provision of resources and developed means of visualizing the disposal of resources.

New GEOP charging model

Flexible charging of consumed services on the combined cloud structure of Gosblak implies the availability of automatic accounting tools. As Konstantin Gurzov said, the first step towards the development of the charging system has already been taken - a new charging mechanism for Rostelecom cloud services has been introduced. It is based on the idea of ​ ​ unification, which is implemented in the form of buying/selling a certain unit of cloud service, for example, one virtual kernel with re-signing, 1 GB of RAM, etc., up to the units of measurement of communication channel resources.

Then the price of the state contract for the provision of services for the provision of computing resources will be formed taking into account the base tariff (unit prices) and the actual cost of the service provided.

The current tariff is of a market nature, although it is quite affordable, - commented Konstantin Gurzov, - In order to achieve a reduction in the tariff, you need to scale services and increase the number of cloud infrastructure providers.

The nearest prospects of the updated "State Cloud"

The immediate prospect of Gosblak is, of course, expansion, scaling in the provision of the service, - said Konstantin Gurzov. - We will not provide this service as an alternative to departmental data centers, because this is the history of free provision of capacity. Our history is mutually beneficial cooperation with departments in order to reduce their costs for digitalization, both temporary (the speed of obtaining resources) and financial.

The planned transformations are so great that they cannot be carried out by one relevant department. As of March, a working group is being created that will unite both departments and service providers on one site. Representatives of regional authorities were also invited to participate in the working group.

We will have to solve many practical issues of high importance, for example, the availability and cost of communication channels in different regions of the country, - said Konstantin Gurzov.

The main tasks of the working group are to develop uniform requirements for the provision of Goscloud cloud services and industry standards, prepare a regulatory framework and conditions for exiting the experimental regime.

2020

Exclusive ended: Rostelecom created competition on the billion-dollar purchase of services for an experiment with the state cloud

On November 24, 2020, the Ministry of Digital Development announced an electronic auction for the provision of services for the provision of computing resources for the state unified cloud platform (GEOP). It is planned to place information systems and resources of several federal government agencies participating in the experiment to transfer systems to the cloud platform. The maximum price that the department is ready to pay for services is 2.978 billion rubles^[1].

Services include providing computing and storage resources for information systems, backup storage space, database machines and communication channels, providing public IPv4 addresses, and protecting information technology infrastructure.

As follows from the published terms of reference, consumers of the purchased services will be the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Justice, Rosarkhiv, the Federal Property Management Agency, Rostekhnadzor, the Social Insurance Fund and the State Courier Service. All of them are participants in the experiment of the Ministry of Digital Science to transfer systems of federal government agencies to the cloud, approved by a decree of the government of the Russian Ministry of Digital Development in August 2019.

This decree is listed in the list of documents on the basis of which the purchased services will be provided. The end date of the experiment, originally marked by the end of 2020, in 2020 was extended until December 30, 2022.

The terms of reference also indicate the lists of systems of the participants in the experiment, for which cloud computing resources are needed. So, for example, the Social Insurance Fund, the cloud will house the functional components "Electronic Certificate of Incapacity for Work" and "Direct Insurance Payments" of the subsystem for managing insurance payments in cases of temporary incapacity for work. Rostekhnadzor has a comprehensive system of informatization of the department with many subsystems and an automated system for regulating safety in the field of nuclear energy use.

The systems for which computing resources are purchased for the cloud, by the time of the tender, are located in the data centers of Rostelecom, indicated in the terms of reference. In November 2019, the government identified Rostelecom as the only contractor for the procurement of goods and services Ministry of Digital Development related to the transfer to the GEOP of the information systems of the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Justice, Rostekhnadzor, the Federal Property Management Agency of Russia, Rosarkhiv and the Social Insurance Fund, as well as the lease of computing infrastructure and the organization of communications that are necessary for the experiment. At the beginning of 2020, contracts were concluded with the company for the transfer of information systems of these departments to the GEOP as the only supplier.

The Ministry of Digital Development explained to TAdviser why they are conducting a new purchase of services for the experiment in the form of an auction, and not from Rostelecom as the only supplier.

We considered it necessary and possible to revise the tariffs, we want to create a competitive environment, - said TAdviser in the Ministry of Digital Development. - As part of the experiment, the Ministry of Digital Development of Finance of Russia is testing a new approach in terms of charging services with uniform tariff plans. The departments participating in the experiment save money by using a ready-made infrastructure certified for security requirements .

The auction involves the conclusion of a framework agreement with the contractor and payment for services upon their provision, added to the Ministry of Digital Development. As a result of the project implementation and testing of new approaches, the state will be able to save money due to the volume of purchased services.

Services will be provided on the basis of the information and technological infrastructure of the contractor. It is necessary to start providing them no earlier than January 1, 2021 until December 31, 2022 inclusive. This period is divided into eight stages.

The hardware and software complex of database machines must have a pre-installed one. And DBMS PostgresPro for virtual machines, the contractor is required to provide the ability to use the OS Windows Server 2012 and above.

The Ministry of Digital Development plans to summarize the tender on December 14, 2020.

Minek's participation, Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Health in the project of a state cloud

On November 23, 2020, it became known that the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Health, Rostrud, Rosreestr, Rosselkhoznadzor, Rosleskhoz, the Pension Fund and the Compulsory Health Insurance Fund will join the experiment to transfer IT systems to the so-called state region - the state unified cloud platform (GEOP). The corresponding order was Ministry of Digital Development given by the presidium of the government commission on digitalization.

As Kommersant writes with reference to the minutes of the meeting of the right-wing commission, the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation will have to develop a plan for the transition of the participants in the experiment to the GEOP and form tariffs for cloud services by February 1, 2021. According to Konstantin Gurzov, director of the informatization projects department of the ministry, the Ministry of Digital Development will prepare uniform tariffs and hold an auction for the provision of these services, which involves a framework agreement with the contractor.

Initially, the experiment to transfer IT systems state agencies to a single cloud involved,,, Ministry of Labour and Social Protection, and Ministry of Justice. Rostekhnadzor Rosimushchestvo Until FCS now, National Guard of the Russian Federation as part of the development of GEOP, the state has invested mainly in the creation of servers and communication channels, and directly work on transferring GIS to the cloud was carried out in a very small amount, says Softline Andrey Sholokhov, deputy general director for work with national projects. Expanding the list of departments that participate in the project is an attempt to give it acceleration, he said.

According to Sergey Kudryashov, partner of the Deloitte risk management department, the migration of IT systems to the state region is unlikely to be painless, since they are automated and standardized only partially, but otherwise unique. Involving several departments in the project will help test the platform with different systems, he added.^[2]

GEOP Development Plans 2021 - 2022

Results of migration of departments to the GEOP

Functionality capabilities at the current stage

• Provision of a single information space on GEOP services
• Provision of a single communication tool for GEOP participants
• Data collection on services provided, capacity utilization, availability and quality of services provided based on service provider monitoring system
• Tracking incidents
• Generate SLA Compliance Reporting
• Generation of reporting on consumed capacity
• Calculation of short-term forecast of resource consumption based on collected statistics
• Creating BigData for Resource Consumption and Utilization

The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications extends for 2 years the experiment on the transfer of IT systems of government agencies to the cloud

On June 22, 2020, it became known about the decision of the Ministry of Communications to extend for two years the experiment on the transfer of IT systems of federal executive bodies and state extrabudgetary funds to a single cloud platform. This was reported by TASS Information Agency of Russia with reference to the draft resolution of the department, published on Monday on the portal of draft regulations.

The need to adopt these changes is due to the need to fulfill the provisions of the concept of creating a digital analytical platform for the provision of statistical data, - says the explanatory note to the document.

Initially, the experiment on the transfer of InformSystems of government agencies to the cloud was supposed to take place from August 30, 2019 to December 30, 2020. The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications decided to extend it until December 30, 2022.

According to the draft resolution, state the Federal Statistics Service will also be involved in the experiment (). Rosstat

In accordance with the provision on the experiment, a cloud platform for authorities will be provided on the basis of government contracts. Its infrastructure will include resources located in Russia. It is envisaged that the data in the cloud will be copied daily to the backup material media and stored there for a month.

It is assumed that by transferring the IT systems of government agencies to a single cloud platform, it will be possible to achieve their uninterrupted operation. In addition, the results of the project should be centralization and the possibility of strengthening control over previously disparate resources. In connection with centralized access to information systems, the availability, reliability and efficiency of services should be improved.

Another positive from this project is to reduce the cost of creating an information security perimeter, administering and supporting systems.^[3]

2019

Mail.ru Group received a contract for the development of a state "cloud"

The Voskhod Research Institute, which, together with Rostelecom, was appointed executor of the project to transfer the information resources of federal executive bodies (FOIV) and state extrabudgetary funds to the state unified cloud platform (GEOP), on an uncontested basis, chose a contractor to create the first stage of the Federal State Institution "GEOP Management."

For 238.5 million rubles, the Mail.ru Group will develop the system. The corresponding agreement was posted on the public procurement portal on December 19, 2019^[4].

The first stage of FSIS state "Unified Cloud Platform Management" is designed to test the functions of comprehensive automation, information and technological support for quality control processes for the provision of GEOP computer and software services, regulating the activities of service providers, optimization, planning and decision-making in terms of the tasks of functioning and development of the platform.

The entire scope of the project is divided into five phases. The first provides for the supply of system equipment, including hardware and system software, as well as hardware of the GEOP dispatch control center and special software.

At the second stage, it is planned to update the design solutions and develop working documentation. The third and fourth stages include work to adapt special software and conduct a preliminary test. And at the final fifth stage, the performer will have to provide support for the experimental operation of the system. The last stage should be completed on May 22, 2020.

The developed system should provide information and methodological support for consumers and service providers, be a means of automating their interaction, as well as provide centralized quality control of the provision of GEOP services, analysis and forecasting tools.

The technical means supplied under the project shall be based on the preferential use of mass-produced hardware of Russian manufacturers, in the presence of such "hardware" that meets the requirements of the terms of reference, in the Unified Register of Russian Radio-Electronic Products.

As for software tools, they must be included in the register of domestic software or be open source software.

According to TAdviser in the Mail.ru Group, it is planned that the company will act as a developer of digital solutions for the Voskhod Research Institute, using its extensive expertise in the development of cloud infrastructure.

Our existing technological solutions meet the needs of the Voskhod Research Institute, and experience in the field of digitalization will further customize the software for the needs of the client in the shortest possible time, the press service of the Mail.ru Group noted.

The Voskhod Research Institute explained that the Mail.ru Group was chosen as a contractor to create the first stage of the GEOP Management FSIS in accordance with the contract concluded with the Ministry of Communications and its own procurement regulation.

The solutions proposed by Mail.ru Group meet our selection criteria: the company offered a short period of creation of the first stage of the system, ensured the compliance of the special software used with import substitution standards, including the implementation of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation 1256. In addition, it was important that the functionality of the finished supplier software meet the requirements of the terms of reference, since the time for additional development is extremely limited. The key selection criteria were many years of cloud experience and knowledge of a commercial provider. Among such software developed by the Mail.ru Group will be a cloud platform management system, as well as automated systems for aggregating quality metrics, analytics and planning, maintaining service catalogs, suppliers and consumers, monitoring infrastructure, managing the level of service provision, - told TAdviser at the Voskhod Research Institute.

Recall that in April 2019, a new B2B direction was created in the Mail.ru Group - "Mail.ru Digital Technologies," which was headed by the former general director of SAP SNGPavel Gontarev. The contract with the Voskhod Research Institute is not the first major project of the Mail.ru Group, which the company performs for corporate clients. In particular, at TAdviser SummIT in November 2019, Norilsk Nickel CIO Yuri Shekhovtsov said that a hybrid cloud is being created together with the Mail.ru Group.

The government ordered: to introduce the "State Region" will be the only performers - Rostelecom and the Research Institute "Sunrise"

On November 18, 2019, an order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 11.11.2019 No. 2667-r pravo.gov.ru published on the official Internet portal of legal information. This order appointed the only executors in the experiment on the transfer of information systems and information resources of federal executive bodies (FNIV) and state extra-budgetary funds to the state unified cloud platform (GEOP), as well as on providing FNIV and state extra-budgetary funds with automated workplaces and software. They will be Rostelecom and the Voskhod Research Institute^[5].

The experiment itself, as previously written, was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 28.08.2019 No. 1114 and will last from August 30, 2019 to December 30, 2020.

The participants in the experiment are the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Justice, the State Courier Service (SFS), the Federal Customs Service (FCS), Rostekhnadzor, Rosgvardia, Rosarchiv, the Federal Property Management Agency and the Social Insurance Fund.

The regulation on the experiment, approved by Resolution No. 1114, also states that on a voluntary basis, the FSBI Voskhod Research Institute and IT suppliers can participate in the experiment.

But it seems that the order of the Government No. 2667-r somewhat adjusted the thesis on the voluntary participation of Voskhod and other IT suppliers. The appointment of Rostelecom and Voskhod as the only performers in the experiment with GEOP actually included them among the mandatory participants. But this obligation has its positive side - now Rostelecom and Voskhod will not have competitors in terms of the supply of goods and the performance of work related to GEOP.

Two single suppliers will not compete with each other either - the powers of each of the organizations are described at the disposal:

• Rostelecom is defined by the only performer carried out by the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation in 2019 and 2020 of purchases of goods, works, the services connected with transfer of information systems and information resources of Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, Rostekhnadzor, Rosimushchestvo, State Courier Service of the Russian Federation, Rosarkhiv, Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation to the state uniform cloud platform and also with rent of computing infrastructure and the organization of communication which are necessary for carrying out an experiment;
• The Voskhod Research Institute was determined by the sole executor of similar purchases of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications in 2019-2020, but only in relation to information systems and information resources of the Russian Guard and the Federal Customs Service of Russia.
• In addition, Voskhod will be the only procurement contractor of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications related to the creation of permanent stands used to test individual technical solutions, as well as to purchase work on the creation of the first stage of the federal state information system "Management of the state unified cloud platform."
• And finally , "Voskhod" was declared the only procurement contractor of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications related to the creation of automated jobs for employees of federal executive bodies and state extra-budgetary funds on the basis of software included in the unified register of Russian programs for electronic computers and databases (this item of the order will be a separate conversation below).

The deadline for contracts concluded by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications with Rostelecom and Voskhod as the only executors for the types of purchases listed above is December 31, 2020.

The order also defines the possibility for both single contractors to involve subcontractors/co-contractors in the execution of contracts, provided that the only suppliers fulfill at least 10 percent of the total amount of obligations under contracts in person.

With the release of order No. 2667-r, the fate of budget funds in the amount of 1.17 billion rubles, which were provided for by the "Creation of a State Unified Cloud Platform" event in the approved informatization plan of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications for 2019-2021. back in September 2019, however, they have not yet been included in any of the announced purchases.

It is now clear that these funds will be distributed between Rostelecom and Voskhod. And, since purchases for the implementation of this event will be carried out in the mode of a single supplier determined by order of the Government of the Russian Federation, they will most likely not be subject to a suspension of bringing the limits of budget obligations for 2019, effective from October 1, 2019.

The expert with whom TAdviser talked about the published order drew attention to one interesting nuance.

The last type of procurement, the only supplier for which will be the Research Institute "Voskhod," are purchases related to the creation of automated jobs for employees of government agencies on the basis of domestic software - this is an event from the federal project "Digital State Administration" of the national program "Digital Economy."

In August 2019, amendments were made to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08.06.2018 No. 658 on the centralization of software purchases for the needs of FFIV, according to which such purchases should be carried out at the expense of budgetary funds provided for the implementation of the aforementioned measures to create standard AWS of civil servants. And just the other day, two mega purchases of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications were announced within the budget of this event - office software (757.1 million rubles) and information security software (197.7 million rubles). Auctions for these purchases are scheduled for 03.12.2019 and 23.11.2019, respectively.

If you carefully read the wording from Order No. 2667-r, relating specifically to purchases for the creation of standard AWS, you can note that in this wording there are no restrictions regarding the experiment with GEOP - that is, "Sunrise" is declared the only supplier for such purchases, regardless of GEOP. Intentionally or accidentally, the text turned out to be so vaguely formulated, it is impossible to say. But there is still less faith in chance.

That is, formally, the status of "Voskhod" as the only software supplier for creating a typical AWS of civil servants applies to two announced mega purchases. Then, in the near future, it is quite possible that both purchases will be canceled by the decision of the customer (Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications), and instead of auctions, purchases will be made from a single supplier (at the same time, notifications will not even need to be published, because recent changes in the 44-FZ have canceled the mandatory such publication in case of purchases from a single supplier).

The expert noted that the chances of "Voskhod" to take both mega-contracts were already significantly higher than any of the possible competitors, but purchasing in the single supplier mode has a clear advantage just for the supplier - there is no need to bid and reduce the initial price, competing with competitors.

The expert made a reservation that this is just a hypothesis about the possible development of events. As far as this hypothesis turns out to be close to reality, the future will show.

Final remark. Strictly speaking, not all FOIVs participating in the experiment with the GEOP, but only departments within the competence of the Government of the Russian Federation, fall under the scope of Resolution No. 658. Specifically, this is the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, the Ministry of Labor, Rostekhnadzor and the Federal Property Management Agency; Decree No. 658 does not apply to the departments of the "presidential bloc" and extra-budgetary funds. But, obviously, when making a purchase from a single supplier, this nuance is unlikely to be paid attention.

The government approved the concept of creating a state unified cloud platform

In September 2019 governments , an order was published on the official portal approving the concept of creating a state unified cloud platform ( GEOP). The document was developed by the Ministry of Digital Development as part of the implementation of the federal project "Information Infrastructure" of the national program. "Digital Economy"

The concept provides for a phased transfer of information systems of state authorities and local governments to the GEOP. Suppliers of GEOP services will be selected in accordance with the procedure established by federal laws on public procurement and procurement of goods, works, services by certain types of legal entities.

By 2022, it is necessary to complete the transfer of 52% of information systems and resources of federal executive bodies and state extrabudgetary funds to the GEOP. To work out key approaches to the transfer of information systems to this platform, the concept provides for a pilot project with the participation of federal executive bodies and state extrabudgetary funds.

The department coordinating and supporting the methodically pilot project, it is advisable to determine the Ministry of Digital Development, the concept says. For the pilot project, together with its participants, it is planned to form temporary requirements for the GEOP infrastructure.

On a more global scale, the concept provides for the creation of a collegial body, which may include representatives of the Ministry of Digital Development, the FSB, FSTEC and other federal authorities, as well as bodies and organizations that transfer information systems to the GEOP. The collegial body will be responsible for the development of draft requirements for the platform infrastructure, methodology for switching to its use, regulations for the provision and consumption of services, approval of transition plans, etc.

It is necessary to develop a mechanism and provide for a phased connection to the GEOP infrastructure of the existing data centers of the authorities, synchronizing the stages of creating the platform with plans to transfer their information resources to it.

Also, in accordance with the document, it is necessary to work out mechanisms that allow you to be providers of cloud computing and software services to legal entities or individual entrepreneurs who meet a number of requirements - from the structure of the provider's beneficiaries to the requirements for resources that the provider has.

A separate block of the concept is devoted to ensuring the information security of GEOP, which outlines the requirements for cloud service providers. For example, at least once a year they will have to carry out organizational measures (training, training) aimed at increasing the level of knowledge of specialists in security issues.

The authorities approved an experiment on the transition of state information systems to Gosoblako

On August 30, 2019, it became known that the Government of the Russian Federation approved a regulation on an experiment to transfer information systems of government agencies to a single cloud platform. The corresponding resolution can be found on the portal of the official publication of legal acts.

As reported, the experiment starts on August 30, 2019 and will last until December 30, 2020. It will affect the information systems and resources of federal authorities and state extrabudgetary funds. Also, as part of the experiment, these structures will be provided with automated workplaces and software.

The experiment will be attended by the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Justice, the State Courier Service (SFS), the Federal Customs Service (FCS), Rostekhnadzor, Rosgvardia, Rosarchiv, Rosimushchestvo and the Social Insurance Fund. On a voluntary basis, the FSBI Voskhod Research Institute and IT suppliers will participate in the experiment.

Other government agencies or extra-budgetary state funds can also participate in the experiment, but such decisions need to be coordinated with them and approved by the presidium of the Government Commission on Digital Development, the use of IT to improve the quality of life and business conditions.

The costs of the project in 2019-2021 were estimated at 47.6 billion rubles. Earlier it was assumed that Rostelecom would become the coordinator of the platform, spending 41 billion rubles on this from its own funds. However, then the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications proposed to appoint the Voskhod Research Institute to this position.

The experiment is an attempt to form and test the conditions necessary to create the State Unified Cloud Platform (Gosoblako). During the experiment, it is also planned to test the functionality of the first stage of the federal GIS "Management of the state unified cloud platform." As a result, it is planned to create a working model of GIS functioning on the platform.

According to the Government decree, the Ministry of Communications will become the customer of the work on the development of documentation for the experiment. It can also act as a customer for goods and works related to the transfer of GIS to the cloud, but for this the ministry must conclude appropriate agreements with the participants in the experiment. Participants who will not conclude agreements with the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications will order goods and works for themselves.

In addition, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications should create an interdepartmental working group to coordinate the activities of the experiment and develop a plan for the transition of government agencies to a cloud platform.

The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications should ensure that the first stage of the control system has information protection tools and user identification tools. In addition, the system must have electronic transaction logs and means of daily copying of these logs and other data to backup media, as well as means of storing backups for 30 days.

Until September 30, 2019, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, in agreement with the Federal Security Service (FSB) and the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC), must approve the requirements for the data center at which Gosoblako will operate, as well as requirements for ensuring its safety and optimizing the GIS architecture of the participants in the experiment. Within two months from the date of the adoption of the resolution, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications must agree with the participants in the experiment on a list of GIS that will be transferred to the cloud.

By December 30, 2019, the ministry must approve a technical migration project, which will present a GIS classification model, typical migration stages and a list of necessary documentation. By this time, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications should also decide on the temporary standards of the automated workplace, the quality of supplier services, the provision of reporting on the operation of the cloud platform, etc. In addition, the ministry should create a permanent stand for testing technical solutions.

In addition, by December 30, 2019, the ministry should develop technical requirements for the first stage of the Goscloud management system, rules for its use and service support. By the same time, the single cloud platform itself and the first stage of its management system should be formed.

Until January 30, 2020, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, together with the Voskhod Research Institute, must analyze the existing Russian software and hardware complexes and select among them the most suitable for organizing automated workplaces and the most standard-compliant typical technical solutions for software and cloud services of platform providers. By the same time, the Ministry should launch a register of suppliers and consumers participating in the experiment.

The experiment report must be submitted by September 30, 2020. If necessary, the experiment can be extended. The results are evaluated within three months after the end of the experiment.^[6]

New concept

Advisor to the Director of the FSBI Research Institute "Sunrise" Ruben Enfiadzhyan, speaking at the TAdviser Cloud Day 2019 conference in April, spoke about the new concept of the state unified cloud platform (GEOP). It was developed under the auspices of the Ministry of Communications in 2019 and presents a new vision for the creation and development of the "state cloud," taking into account the new challenges facing government agencies.

Ruben Enfiajyan noted that in 2015, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation, the concept of the development of the "state cloud" was approved, but in 4 years there were no special successes in promoting this idea on the market. And now, in the events of the Digital Economy national program, this project will be given a new breath, he says.

A survey of government agencies was carried out on the complexity and duration of the migration of information systems of government agencies to the cloud platform. Conclusion - infrastructure needs for government agencies are growing by about 15% every year. Also, the underfunding of some systems in terms of infrastructure was revealed, which is associated with the passage of several crisis periods by the Russian economy, said the adviser to the director of the Voskhod Research Institute.

At the same time, very often the IT systems of government agencies are based on imported software and hardware, which carries risks. The possibilities of import substitution are limited by the heterogeneity of existing technologies. The new concept was a response to all these challenges, the speaker explained.

Various authorities and local governments, state corporations should become potential consumers of the platform. "Gosoblako" will be controlled and certified by the state.

It is assumed that the platform will include a single set of basic services (Colocation, IaaS, PaaS, eGaaS - eGovernment infrastructure) from a pool of trusted providers, equivalent in terms of access and with transparent general market tariffs. In this case, each customer can have several providers.

The concept provides for the choice of providers by 44-FZ, and for quality control with providers will be signed. SLA This platform will be managed and monitored by an institution subordinate to the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications. For example, the Research Institute "Sunrise." This decision has not yet been approved, but the Ministry of Communications has such an intention, Enfiadzhyan added.

The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications will be responsible for coordinating the requirements for inclusion in the register of GEOP suppliers, said the adviser to the director of the Voskhod Research Institute.

In the previous concept, the supplier was a single one: an operator who occupies a significant position in the Russian market - Rostelecom. But now the new team of the ministry insists on a competitive environment - the creation of a pool of trusted providers, i.e. companies and state corporations that have passed verification and accreditation, - explained Ruben Enfiadzhyan.

It is assumed that GEOP suppliers invest their infrastructure in the project, participate in ongoing tenders conducted by customers, and then fulfill the terms of the contract. Customers will then have to send a report to the regulator on resource efficiency.

At the same time, the cloud should be implemented on equipment and software "free from sanctions risks."

The concept assumes that the Voskhod Research Institute maintains a register of suppliers, develops tariffs, requirements, technical conditions, monitors management, develops and controls SLA execution, and also helps expertise in resolving controversial situations.

The transition of FOIVs to the cloud is assumed to be phased, especially considering that this process is carried out in parallel with the import substitution of software in government agencies.

For the cloud platform to fully work, harmonization of existing legislation is necessary. It is necessary, first of all, to make changes in 149 and 44-FZ, as well as a little in 210-FZ, notes Ruben Enfiadzhyan. It is also required to prepare by-laws and new regulatory acts that provide a new national standard for classifying data centers so as not to focus on American or European standards like Tier 3, Tier 4.

The representative of the Voskhod Research Institute noted that the timing of the start of the transition of government agencies to the cloud platform depends largely on how soon the necessary legislative changes will be carried out. The transition is expected to begin in 2020.

The Voskhod Research Institute is developing a plan for the transition of government agencies to a cloud platform. It is planned to approve it in 2019. Also, without waiting for changes in the law, the Voskhod Research Institute wants to conduct an experiment with the first 10-15 departments by order of the government to begin the transition to the GEOP and take this experience into account in 2020.

2017: Gosoblako should be put into commercial operation by the end of 2019

According to the action plan for the Information Infrastructure direction of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program, by mid-2019, the requirements for the use of a state unified cloud platform by state and local authorities should be determined normatively, and a plan for transferring their information systems and resources to a state unified cloud platform ("state regional") was approved.

At the same time, the commissioning of the "state cloud" in commercial operation is scheduled for the end of 2019. From this moment until the end of 2020, 60% of federal and 40% of regional information systems should migrate to this platform. In general, by 2024, the share of state systems transferred to the "state region" should increase to 90%.

2016

State Cloud Bill

In November 2016, the Ministry of Communications submitted for public discussion a draft law providing for the gradual transfer of existing and promising state information systems into a single e-government infrastructure . It was developed, among other things, in pursuance of the president's order on the predominant use of the unified e-government infrastructure by government agencies.

According to the bill, the functioning of information systems of government agencies, state corporations, state-owned companies and interaction between them in electronic form is carried out, including using the e-government infrastructure. The document regulates the procedure for using this infrastructure and determines its composition. There is also a definition of the infrastructure service provider, its responsibilities are fixed.

The developers of the document propose to implement a single e-government infrastructure in the form of a system of federal and regional data centers. They believe that this is the most expedient way to provide economically reasonable conditions for the concentration of computing resources, as well as the storage and processing of personal data of citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation. It is assumed that data centers should be connected by redundant high-throughput backbone communication channels into a single disaster recovery cluster.

Such a structure of the data center system will make it possible to provide information and telecommunication services to geographically distributed users at the lowest cost by approaching the resources of the information and telecommunication infrastructure directly to users, the explanatory note to the bill says.

Protection against computer attacks should be implemented using reliable software and hardware and observing the principle of non-transit of traffic of the specified cluster outside the Russian Federation, it is noted there.

When creating a single infrastructure, the bill involves the use of cloud technologies. Among their advantages, the developers of the document call increasing the efficiency of the use of computing resources, reducing the costs of the organization for the purchase of IT equipment, ON and their maintenance, reducing energy costs. The benefits are also improved manageability IT infrastructures and the ability to keep your organization running smoothly with virtual backup and migration.

The bill provides for amendments to a number of legislative acts in order to update the conceptual apparatus, regulate the main mechanisms for using cloud services, and establish the legal status of the system of federal and regional data centers.

The document establishes the definition of a cloud computing infrastructure. It seems to be a separate and geographically distributed set of hardware, software, networks throughout the territory of the Russian Federation that ensure operation when creating, processing, storing and providing information in the mode of remote access to more than one information system.

The document also proposes to amend No. 210-FZ "On the organization of the provision of state and municipal services" in order to consolidate the use of a single ICT- infrastructure in the provision of public services. In addition, it assumes amendments to No. 63-FZ "On Electronic Signature" in order to establish uniform requirements for electronic signature for government agencies.

Along with this, the document assigns to the Ministry of Communications the authority to conduct a unified technological policy. This includes the formation of technical and organizational requirements for communication networks, import substitution of equipment and software, the exclusion of multiple creation of functionally similar infrastructure elements.

The explanatory note to the bill states that the implementation of its provisions will require significant technical and organizational changes by government agencies. In this regard, it will be necessary to apply a special procedure for its entry into force.

President's order on unified infrastructure

On July 21, 2016, the President Russia Vladimir Putin instructed the Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev to develop and introduce State Duma into the federal law on the preferential use of state the unified e-government infrastructure by bodies "to improve the safety and sustainability of the work of information systems of bodies." state power This is stated on the Kremlin website.

The document must approve the composition and requirements for the elements of the unified infrastructure, including the engineering part, which includes communication networks, data centers and an information security system. The functions of each element must be fixed, and the use of analogues is limited over time.

Also, the Cabinet of Ministers should work out a transitional period, during which government agencies will switch to a single infrastructure when creating and operating state information systems and receiving services for the provision of software and equipment for cloud technologies in the interests of executive authorities and local governments.

In addition, the bill should determine the infrastructure operator and the contractor for the creation and operation of all its elements. It should be a telecom operator that occupies a significant position in the public communication network in the territories of at least two-thirds of the regions of Russia.

The instruction states that it is necessary to determine the legal and economic mechanisms for a phased transition to financing the creation, development and operation of a single infrastructure with the involvement of extrabudgetary funds.

The president's order must be fulfilled by January 1, 2017.^[7]

Assessments of the prospects of Goscloud by participants in the IT market before the start of the project

In a survey conducted in May-June 2016, TAdviser asked domestic vendors and integrators working in the public sector informatization market to assess the prospects of the "state cloud" (trends in the consolidation of computing resources of departments). Almost all interviewed experts positively assess the future of this trend. In particular, during the survey, such epithets as "promising," "effective," "practical," "profitable," "useful," "correct," etc. sounded.

The development of modern information systems is directly related to the development of cloud solutions and, technologically, this path is promising and economically profitable. The use of cloud technologies in a private cloud or in a state cloud allows you to solve the issues of secure storage and processing of data, quickly conduct informatization, - said Dmitry Komissarov, CEO of New Cloud Technologies

Technologically, in his opinion, implementation is possible despite the scale of the project, and what is important is that implementation is possible with the wide use of domestic software. The state is ready to take a number of steps towards creating such an infrastructure, the expert adds. The most difficult here is the organizational issue of choosing an operator - as soon as it is resolved, the process can be considered to have begun, Komissarov said.

According to Alexander Goltsov, General Director of AMT Group, the State Region is a very correct direction of development, since it will significantly optimize investments in infrastructure, as well as ensure compliance with information security requirements.

At the same time, if from the technological side the task looks quite solvable, then from the legal and organizational side there may be problems. This mainly concerns data privacy issues.

The main barriers were and remain no longer in the technological plane, but rather in the legal one. Now there is no sufficient regulatory field that will allow you to take data and information systems of departments and place on one server or in one data center. Even at the federal level. In addition, in order for the initiative of the "state cloud" to be of interest to departments, it is necessary to work out financing issues. Now the department "votes with a ruble" for the information system it needs, says Sergei Eisymont, deputy director of the Lanit integrated projects department. - Who will be the customer in the event of a "state cloud" - I do not really understand

If this is the operator's area of ​ ​ responsibility, then without working out the necessary legal techniques, the interest of the functional customer will be less protected than now. As a result, Eisymont adds, there is a risk of reducing the relevance of the implemented solutions to business tasks that need to be informatized.

Alexey Boldyrev, General Director of Aitoniki, also speaks about the legal side of the issue. According to him, a mechanism has not yet been developed for transferring responsibility for storing very sensitive confidential data in a potential "state cloud" from the department that generates them to the department that manages the future "state cloud."

Building a large data center and clogging it with data is a technical problem, and it can be solved. Difficulties seem to lie more in the legal and organizational plane, - notes the general director of "Aitoniki"

Organizational problems await and, Vladimir Andreev President. Docsvision One way or another, all IT services will go into the cloud infrastructure, especially in the hierarchical structures of the public sector, this is profitable and effective, he says. However, for the most part, these will be hybrid clouds - when the solution core is based in the private cloud of a higher authority/region or a large municipality, and some services are consumed from public clouds (for example, a cloud service has a serious chance of this, "MyOffice" Andreev explains.

If you cross the "state region" with the development of the register of Russian software, you can get an independent, accessible and quickly deployed infrastructure for comprehensive automation of activities and increasing the efficiency of government bodies, Dmitry Trofimov, deputy head of the commercial directorate of the Asteros group, is sure. A limitation, in his opinion, may be ensuring the security of data and systems, but at the current level of development of information security systems, this is solved by organizational and technological measures, with the involvement of government organizations and departments responsible for this.

With reasonable management of this process, budgetary savings will be beneficial to the state and citizens - we will be able to get better services, and the vacated budget will be redirected to other technological and socially significant projects, "the representative of Asteros believes.

Security issues are also discussed in the CROC company.

The main stumbling block in creating a "state cloud" is not even regulatory and legal aspects, but rather security issues. After all, the information systems of various bodies differ in the security classes determined by the FSTEC, the FSB, etc., and all of them will be transferred to a single environment with access for many subjects. The operability of such an environment should not only be regulated normatively, but also actually ensured in terms of approaches to information security, mainly through the use of free software and Russian IT solutions, "comments Alexander Belyaev, head of open-source in the IT infrastructure of CROC.

The key risk, according to Timur Medzhitov, Deputy Director for authorities at Directum, is the communication channels between the selected locations of the state cloud elements in the regions and real users. If this risk is not closed, then users may experience slow operation of applications and services, he warns.

The cloud model and services are what both commercial and government organizations are moving towards today. This is practical and efficient, due to advantages such as virtualization, resiliency, ease of modernization, integration and maintenance, lower unit cost of resources, and many others. Accordingly, the ubiquity of this trend is only a matter of time, especially taking into account today's realities, "sums up Alexey Pilipchuk, General Manager of Tegrus

The first client of "State Cloud" may be the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications

The first major client of Gosblak may be the Ministry of Communications and e-government infrastructure. In January 2016, a source in the ministry told TAdviser about plans to dispose of outdated infrastructure equipment and further lease it using the IaaS model (more).

2015: Approval of the "State Cloud" concept

On October 7, 2015, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev approved the concept (download a PDF document) of transferring the processing and storage of state information resources that do not contain information constituting state secrets to the system of federal and regional data centers.

Project prerequisites

A survey of the ICT infrastructure of government agencies and extrabudgetary funds showed that they mainly use their own resources and have a need for additional ICT resources. As one of the prerequisites for the project, the concept indicates the need to allocate large funds from the budget for the development of the existing infrastructure of government agencies. According to the authors of the concept, the costs of modernizing and developing their own ICT resources from the budgets of various levels in 2014 amounted to more than 16 billion rubles, and this does not include the staff of 4.8 thousand people serving the ICT infrastructure.

The concept provides data that the costs of only federal executive bodies for the development of their own ICT infrastructure, including the design and construction of data centers, the purchase and installation of equipment, are estimated for the period 2015-2017. in 102 billion rubles, of which more than 40% can be used to purchase servers.

Due to the gradual refusal to purchase equipment and the reduced cost of services of the data center system, it will be possible to reduce the burden on budgets of all levels to 10% per year. Thus, in the period 2015-2017. only for federal authorities, the savings in the federal budget may amount to about 10.2 billion rubles, the document says.

Another prerequisite is the issue of security. The local ICT infrastructure is vulnerable to external computer attacks due to the imported technical and software tools used in it, the drafters of the concept note. The document also cites the fact that 70% of civil servants use postal services of commercial organizations for official correspondence, which are often hosted on foreign hosting sites. This creates risks associated with uncontrolled access of third parties to e-mail.

The creation of own products based ON open source on or own development, located in controlled data centers on the territory of the Russian Federation, in compliance with the established requirements for information security could be a solution to this problem, the document says.

With reference to international experience, the concept notes that it is advisable to use a service approach to providing ICT infrastructure, as well as cloud technologies, in government agencies .

"To effectively solve the problem of informatization of public administration while ensuring the optimization of budget expenditures at all levels, increasing the sustainability of the functioning and security of state information resources, it is necessary to increase the share of the use of cloud technologies in information and telecommunication support of the activities of authorities," the concept says.

Effects on the state and departments

Data Center System Organization

In accordance with the concept, a system of federal and regional data centers should be organized, connected to a single disaster recovery cluster by redundant trunk communication channels. Protection of the data center network from computer attacks should be implemented using "reliable software and hardware" and compliance with the principle of non-transit of traffic of the specified cluster outside the Russian Federation. In order to protect information, the document also prescribes careful independent control of cloud service providers using the data center's ICT infrastructure.

The data center network shall be controlled by one operator. At the same time, the latter can create their basic ICT infrastructure at their own expense, as well as attract the capacities of other organizations to work in such a system in accordance with previously approved technical requirements and the procedure for joining.

Regulation of the cost of services

In order to limit the increase in the cost of services of the data center system, the concept prescribes to establish the maximum permissible annual increase in the cost of services of the State Cloud operator by no more than the value of the consumer price growth index (December to December) in the previous year, in agreement with the body exercising the functions of developing and implementing state policy and legal regulation in the field of IT.

Plan for the transfer of government agencies to Gosoblako

In December 2015, it is planned to amend a number of laws and regulatory legal acts aimed at regulating the use of cloud technologies in the implementation of public administration. In December, it is planned to create a collegial body responsible for developing requirements and methodologies for the transition of state authorities to the use of the data center system, and in the same month to determine the operator of the data center system.

The creation of the data center system is scheduled for December 2016, and for June 2016 - a pilot project to transfer the IT resources of at least three government authorities to the data center system.

By September 2016, rules for the provision of data center services should be developed, as well as criteria and procedure for the inclusion of data centers, information resources and (or) user IT systems in Gosoblako.

From January 2018 to December 2020, IT resources of state bodies that are the owners of the data center should be transferred to Gosoblako, and from January 2019 to December 2021 - IT resources of state corporations and companies with state participation.

Implementation Owners

Dmitry Medvedev's order states that the implementation of the concept should be carried out by interested federal executive bodies, and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications should provide methodological support for the process of transferring the processing and storage of state IT resources to the data center system.

2013

In 2013, by order of the Ministry of Communications, the CROC system integrator developed a concept and technical project for the implementation of a unified engineering infrastructure for state bodies (the Gosoblako project), taking into account the requirements of regulators to ensure security. The concept contained organizational approaches to obtaining IT services by federal government bodies (FOGV) within the framework of a single infrastructure, the principles of migration of state systems to it, as well as an analysis of the economic feasibility of the project based on information on the IT budgets of all federal government bodies. Thus, according to the final assessment of the Ministry of Communications, the transition to a single infrastructure would optimize the costs of informatization of federal state bodies (FOGV) by more than 22%.

The technical project for the implementation of the "state cloud" was developed taking into account the software that existed at that time, which could form the basis of the future infrastructure. It turned out two implementation options - based on products from well-known large foreign manufacturers and using open source components.

In October 2015, the concept of "state cloud" was approved by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. The final document reflected the main ideas spelled out in the 2013 concept, with some cuts and revisions.

"The law, which should be developed and submitted to the State Duma of the Russian Federation by January 1, 2017, in fact, will legalize the unified e-government infrastructure, the concept of which has been developing since 2013. The main idea of ​ ​ the changes is to save state funds for their own needs, while improving the quality of IT systems necessary for the work of the FOGV. Over time, the independent purchase of software and IT equipment by government agencies will be replaced by an order or purchase of IT services from the operator of the "state cloud," which has yet to be determined. And the IT services of all FOGVs, that is, a set of infrastructure and applied solutions of various types, will be concentrated in a single network of data centers, "says Ivan Shumovsky, head of infrastructure solutions at CROC.

See also

• Review: Digitalization of the Public Sector

• National Data Management System (NDMS)
• GosData.hab

Notes