Enterprises in Russia face a number of difficulties in the introduction and use of artificial intelligence technologies. The main obstacle is high costs. This is stated in the material of the Institute of Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge of the Higher School of Economics, published on November 14, 2024.

The published data are based on the results of a survey of 2.3 thousand organizations from various industries. The authors of the study studied the use of AI technologies of five classes: these are means of processing visual data, including computer vision; sound data processing systems, including speech recognition and synthesis; Text processing tools intelligent decision support and management tools; AI efficiency enhancement platforms. The technologies of all these groups are used by 8.9% of the surveyed organizations - AI users in Russia, four - 11.3%, three - 14.6%, two - 20.1%. But most often - in 45.1% of cases - technologies of only one of these classes are introduced.

It is noted that Russian organizations face nine main barriers in the field of AI. The most significant obstacle for companies already using AI was the high costs associated with the introduction of appropriate technologies: 63.6% of respondents indicated this. The problem of significant costs for the introduction and use of AI is noticeable for all surveyed AI user companies, regardless of size: it was noted by two-thirds of large, medium and small enterprises. Other difficulties are called:

The shortage of specialists in the field of AI is 49.9% (from the number of organizations surveyed);
Employees lack skills to develop and apply AI - 39.1%;
There are not enough big data arrays needed to use AI - 38.5%;
The complexity of integrating AI into production and business processes is 38.5%;
Incompleteness and other shortcomings of the data, the complexity of their processing for the use of AI - 37.8%;
Not enough funds to attract qualified personnel - 37.6%;
The organization's underdeveloped ICT infrastructure - 34.7%;
Restrictions related to the law (including the use of personal data) - 20.7%.

Large organizations, as stated in the study, are more likely than small and medium-sized organizations to have difficulties hiring qualified personnel to develop, implement and support the operation of AI technologies, with the integration of AI technologies into production and business processes, with unstructured, incomplete and other shortcomings of the used big data arrays, as well as with a lack of skills for organization employees to develop and use AI technologies. At the same time, obstacles are less relevant for them due to the lack of data sets or means to attract qualified personnel, which is associated with significant available resources within organizations of this type.

Among enterprises without experience in using AI technologies, the financial problem is relevant for 57.2% of respondents. More than a third of such organizations attributed to significant obstacles the lack of skills in their employees to develop and use AI technologies (35.4%) and the difficulty of integrating AI technologies into production and business processes (34.8%). The shortage of specialists worries 32.4% of the surveyed companies, which at the time of the survey do not use AI technologies. A shortage of big data arrays was indicated by 31.9% of respondents in this group, and an underdeveloped ICT infrastructure - 32.4%.^[1]

51% of Russian companies are not ready for the introduction of artificial intelligence

According to a survey K2 NeuroTech, IT infrastructure 51% the Russian of companies are not ready for implementation artificial intelligence(). AI This was K2 Teh announced on October 8, 2024. Company representatives said that for them this is the main barrier to introducing AI into theirs. Of business processes these, 34% declared a shortage in the market of infrastructure solutions of ready-made tools for deploying AI, the rest - about the need to expand computing power in the company's circuit for this task. The second most popular response was the lack of IT market highly qualified personnel (43%). And 31% of respondents expressed concern about the safety of transmission of their data neural networks and cloudy AI platforms.

K2 NeuroTech conducted a study of the current situation in the field of artificial intelligence. The team interviewed more than 100 representatives of large business who attended the conference - Chief information officers, digitalization directors, heads of IT infrastructure and operation centers. The survey results showed that only 34% of companies are actively implementing AI or are already using it to solve business problems. 18% plan to start implementation within a year, 28% - within three years. 20% of respondents said they were not going to introduce AI into their infrastructures.

Of course, AI is a key trend in recent years. However, when a company solves to integrate it in its own, it business processes faces the need to modernize its IT infrastructure for this task. This is the main difficulty that the survey participants highlighted. Namely, in the need to search for both computing equipment available on the Russian market and special pre-configured software for controlling the calculation and development process. Long before AI became "mainstream," scientific institutions, universities and industrial enterprises were clustered data centers supercomputer for machine learning, modeling, High Performance Computing (HPC) tasks. The relevance of supercomputers has increased, and new, simpler tools have appeared to prepare the IT infrastructure for the implementation of AI. For example, hardware and software complexes (PACS), which eliminate problems with product compatibility and make it possible to use the usual computing and development tools, as well as receive technical support in the "single window" format. Companies choose to create a supercomputer or introduce PAC depending on the type and scale of tasks they face, "said Oleg Vishnyak, director of solution promotion K2 NeuroTech.

According to the survey, analysts K2 NeuroTech compiled the top 5 scenarios in which, according to respondents, machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies are most useful. The most popular (47.8%) was Big Data processing and analysis. In second place is the processing of documents (41.8%). 32.8% of respondents noted the development and training of recommendation systems, 31.3% - content generation ( text, photos, videos, etc.). The fifth place (23.9%) was shared by four scenarios at once: the development of new materials with specified properties, the creation of voice assistants and anti-fraud systems, as well as forecasting (demand, trends, etc.).

The survey also found that 24% of companies independently developed neural networks and AI platforms to solve their problems. While 16% are implementing solutions from Russian vendors.

Maksut Shadayev: State supercomputer for AI is not needed, Sberbank and Yandex will provide the market with capacity at their own expense

The development of AI is one of the priority areas in accordance with the state course and the national project "Data Economics," which is replacing the national program "Digital Economy." In the message of the President of the Russian Federation, earlier there was an order to bring to 1 exaflops the power of supercomputers that are used to solve AI problems. At the same time, state support for the creation of infrastructure for AI is not needed, according to the Ministry of Digital Development.

At a meeting of the State Duma's IT committee on October 3, 2024, the Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media Maksut Shadayev noted that Russia there are two big players - Sber and Yandex who have plans to develop their own clusters for specialized computing.

We believe that their plans allow us to ensure that the task set by the president is achieved. Moreover, according to the information given by these companies, they are ready to provide services for specialized computing to the market, and not just use them for themselves, the minister said.

Maksut Shadayev voiced his position on the creation of a state supercomputer for AI

At the same time, the plans for state support include reimbursement of part of the costs to companies for the introduction of AI. And when it comes to the fact that grants are allocated for the implementation of modern solutions, within these grants there will be an opportunity, among other things, to order such services from specialized providers.

In this sense, we go through stimulating demand, and not directly through subsidizing capacity development, because these two companies are still planning to do everything without state support and believe that the plans are able to finance it all on their own, "explained Maksut Shadayev. - And we will give companies that want to buy this kind of services, grants, and they will be able to load these capacities.

You can, of course, talk about building a state cluster. But, firstly, it is very expensive, and secondly, the Ministry of Ministry of Digital Development believes that structures work well in market conditions. And in such a situation, if two companies confirm plans to provide the necessary services, then this is a sufficient level of competition.

Although, of course, the question periodically arises about building a state supercomputer, but it seems to us that this will not be a completely effective investment, "summed up Maksut Shadayev.

A product with built-in AI or an integrated system with smart services. What is faster and cheaper in Russia

Worldwide and in Russia, in particular, there is a surge in demand for artificial intelligence technologies. Against this background, companies began to wonder: what is more profitable is to implement one intelligent system, or integrate several AI services. TAdviser interviewed market participants in July 2024 about trying to answer that question.

Application of one or another approach in implementation depends on project tasks. If the speed of development is important, then integration with the AI service will be preferable, says Ilya Petukhov, head of development projects at Directum.

They took it and put it in the right place, closed one task. And if we also introduced a new product, a startup, then this is also cheap and angry. Everyone is happy. But time passes and difficulties arise - with support, adaptation and correspondence of different versions, - the expert argues.

Systems with integrated smart tools can be more versatile and convenient to use, as they can interact with multiple products at the same time, making them more efficient

According to him, artificial intelligence built into the system is a "long game," in which AI permeates many processes. Petukhov considers this approach strategically correct: the development of the product is directly related to the development of a smart service inside. One developer, one support - the principle of one window.

Yaroslav Raschupkin, AI product manager at Embedika, agrees that connecting AI services to a finished product will be faster and cheaper. However, here companies may face limited functionality and the threat of data leakage.

According to Sergei Lukashkin, director of the Digital Technologies in Education Scientific and Educational Center of the Higher School of Economics of St. Petersburg State University, products with built-in AI are definitely more expensive for their creators, but there are products that do not work without AI. This is Internet search, navigation, photographing on the phone.

Alexander Zakordonets, a business partner in the edna IT company, believes that it is more profitable to integrate several AI services for long-term projects, especially since the market presents universal solutions that can perform diverse tasks and specialized AI agents. Highly specialized AI products do their job better than a larger, versatile system. Therefore, at the start of implementation, integration with several services will cost more, but the economic effect of it will be higher, Zakordonets believes.

The main plus is that such systems have autonomy - they can work without connecting to external services, which increases their reliability and security, says Alexei Ponomarev, head of innovative technologies at TeamIdea. It is possible to fully control the data: all of them are processed within the company, and this facilitates compliance with the requirements for the protection of personal data and corporate standards.

At the same time, the development and support of embedded AI requires high costs - financial and technological resources. Another drawback is limited opportunities. Difficulties with updating and scaling can reduce the efficiency of using AI, Ponomarev noted.

He is convinced that one intelligent system is suitable for companies with high security and data control requirements. It provides autonomy and minimizes the risks associated with external dependencies. And several AI services provide flexibility and savings during the implementation and training of models. A hybrid approach, in which model training is carried out in the cloud and use in a closed corporate network, can be the best solution for many companies, he concluded.

Developing a product with your own artificial intelligence is a rather laborious task if you make it from scratch. As the general director of the IT company TransTeleCom Regional "Andrey Malov noted, you need to have a large number of resources, invest a lot of money in collecting or acquiring data on which training will be carried out. At the same time, the result is not guaranteed. Therefore, the most optimal option will be the integration of a ready-made service from leading AI development companies, since in this case predictable solutions are obtained for little money in a short time, he stressed.

According to Ksenia Akhrameeva, a leading analyst engineer at Gazinformservice, if we consider the benefits from organizational and financial issues for the enterprise, it is more convenient to implement one intelligent system, since in this case spending is reduced, for example, on obtaining a license, on work on its implementation and maintenance, monitoring and technical support.

If we talk about performance, it is possible to integrate several AI services for different goals and tasks, since they can be tailored for different tasks, and if one service fails, others will continue their work, and will not completely stop the enterprise's workflow, "she said in a conversation with TAdviser.

According to the estimates of the director of the IT company OkoCRMlexander Zavyalov, the development of integration with the finished solution costs a maximum of 200-300 thousand rubles. He called the downside of the ready-made decision that it cannot be changed for itself. For example, if an AI-based service decrypts calls, then the integrator vendor will not be able to develop and expand the functionality. To do this, new services and new integrations will have to be connected to the product, he said.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade is developing a methodology for assessing AI solutions for their state support

On July 12, 2024, it became known that Ministry of Industry and Trade Russia it had initiated the development of a methodology for assessing solutions in the field artificial intelligence of (AI) to identify recipients state of support. The initiative is being implemented as part of the execution of the order of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin given in January 2024, on the development of large generative models of AI for use in key sectors of the economy.

According to Kommersant, the Federal Center for the Applied Development of Artificial Intelligence (FCPR AI), subordinate to the Ministry of Industry and Trade, has already begun to create a methodology. According to Andrei Chukarin, deputy general director of the Federal Research and Development Center of AI, regulatory and technical documentation will be developed in 2024, while the preparation of regulatory legal acts will require a longer period. The amount of funding for the federal project "Artificial Intelligence" in the period from 2021 to 2024 will amount to 32.1 billion rubles.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade initiated the development of a methodology for assessing solutions in the field of artificial intelligence

The methodology provides for four stages of expertise of AI solutions. At the first stage, the presence of artificial intelligence technologies will be checked. According to the FCPR AI, in 80% of cases declared as AI solutions are either created without the use of machine learning and neural networks, or the developers pass off other people's products for their unique developments.

The second stage includes checking the compliance of the AI solution with the status of a domestic product, which implies the inclusion of Russian software, radioelectronic or industrial products in the registers. At the third stage, the level of maturity of the AI solution will be assessed, including the readiness of technology, system, integration and production.

The final stage involves calculating the competitiveness of an AI solution based on several groups of basic indicators. The purpose of this methodology is to identify companies that create high-quality AI solutions to provide them with "seamless state support and all the benefits provided for such developers," said Andrei Chukarin. ^[2]

State support for 857 startups, issuance of 839 grants. The results of the AI fedproject have been summed up

As of the end of 2023, 839 grants for the development of artificial intelligence technologies were issued in Russia as part of the implementation of the Digital Economy national project. At the same time, 857 startups in the field of AI received state support. This became known in mid-June 2024.

According to the estimates of the Digital Economy project office, the volume of the Russian AI market in 2023 reached 650 billion rubles, an increase of 18% compared to the previous year. About 71% of projects in the relevant area are concentrated in Moscow. In second place is St. Petersburg with a share of 10%, and the Moscow region closes the top three. In the period from 2019 to 2023, 19.4 billion rubles were allocated for the development of AI in Russia. As of 2023, 12 research centers are leading advanced developments in the fields of "strong," ethical, trusted and industry AI. About 17.6 thousand students are taught competencies in the field of AI.

839 grants were issued for the development of artificial intelligence technologies

It is said that 35% of Russian companies have developed and implemented strategies for the development and use of AI. 45% of small business representatives declare the use of such technologies in their activities. In the financial sector, AI funds in one form or another are used by 95% of organizations - this is the highest among industries. AI systems are implemented by more than 16% of manufacturing companies. Approximately 16% of medical institutions in Russia use AI, and 34% plan to use it in the future.

At the same time, the authors of the report highlight a number of difficulties that impede the development of AI in Russia. Among them are financial constraints, personnel shortages, low awareness of AI capabilities, lack of necessary infrastructure, lack of available technology solutions in the market and lack of data.^[3]

Association "Fintech" named 10 main trends in the field of artificial intelligence

Technologies of artificial intelligence, including generative (Genia), continue to develop rapidly, penetrating into a variety of spheres. In a review released on June 19, 2024, the FinTech Association (AFL) highlighted 10 key trends in AI.

1. Democratization of Genia

We are talking about the process of reducing the cost, distribution and availability of AI solutions for a wide range of users and organizations, ordinary citizens, small and medium-sized businesses. Democratization is due to the introduction of Low-code and No-code services, the development of free solutions, the availability of cloud computing and special machine learning tools (Auto ML). Thanks to tools such as YandexGPT or GigaChat, anyone with no specific knowledge of machine learning can use the technology as an assistant for routine tasks.

Technologies of artificial intelligence, including generative, continue to develop rapidly

2. New AI-based business models and services

AI tools can not only significantly increase the efficiency of business processes, but also radically change business models. Such systems upend the usual idea of what can be achieved using technology. GeneII makes it possible to work in a fundamentally new way with information and content. In general, companies are able to overcome previous barriers, make deep changes, develop and implement completely new services.

3. Development of multimodal AI

These are AI models that perform user operations and are trained on data of several modalities: text, images, video, 3D, speech, sounds, tables, graphs, code. This approach expands the way large language models are used. Multimodal systems find application in customer service, social media monitoring, healthcare, unmanned vehicles and predictive analytics.

4. Application of AI in biometrics

AI technologies provide the possibility of using multifactorial biometric tools, including the analysis of physical characteristics of a person: this is the appearance, voice features, behavioral features, etc. The complex use of various parameters in combination with other non-biometric identification and authentication tools allows for a high level of security.

5. Development of multi-agent systems

These solutions offer the increased flexibility and scalability required to adapt to changing business needs. Unlike single-agent systems, multi-agents can combine different machine learning and AI models and integrate with third-party tools. Agents have the ability to make decisions autonomously, communicate with other agents, and coordinate for complex tasks.

6. Development augmented by AI technologies

The AI-enabled development tool and platform system allows programmers to build applications more efficiently, faster, and more reliably than traditional "manual" code writing. As a result, companies can save time and money while improving the quality of the final product.

7. Development of AI taking into account safety assurance

Against the background of the observed trends, the main participant in cyber attacks is expected to be AI, which will be able to break into the protection systems of organizations so quickly that it will become impossible to fight it with the available means. Therefore, an approach is required that combines development, security, and operations methodologies and practices in the context of the development and implementation of machine learning systems.

8. Regulation of technologies and services with AI

The review says that the relevant departments should find a balance between the self-regulation of the industry and the regulatory and legal regulation of the state. A legal framework is needed to ensure the research and development of AI and machine learning technologies in order to help humanity implement and use these systems in an ethical and responsible manner.

9. Ensuring technological sovereignty in the use of AI

The report's authors say AI is becoming a critical technology and geopolitical advantage. It is able to significantly accelerate the development of all spheres of science and technology. Countries will seek to create their own breakthrough AI solutions that can ensure technological sovereignty and superiority.

10. Stimulating the development of the AI market by the state

This process includes the implementation of strategies, programs and activities aimed at supporting and developing the AI industry. Among such initiatives are the allocation of state funds for research and development in the field of AI, the creation of specialized centers and laboratories, the conduct of training programs for specialists in the field of AI, as well as the development of a regulatory framework for regulating the use of AI.^[4]

AI in Russia. Is there a chance to break into the lead?

While the United States and China compete for the championship in the field of AI, Russia can only count on a place in the top 10 - despite the presence of its own developments and innovations. About who is who in the nascent Russian AI market, and what are the prospects for approaching the leaders in this new technological race - read the article prepared for TAdviser by Sergei Lukashkin, director of the scientific and educational center "Digital Technologies in Education" of the Higher School of Management of St. Petersburg State University. Read more here.

In Russia, the number of litigation around the use of AI for the year increased by 60%

The number of litigation in the field of artificial intelligence in Russia increased by about 60% over the year. About 50% of such cases are administrative offenses, for which the fine is usually about 100 thousand rubles. Then there are civil law disputes with a share of 40%. Such figures are given in a study by RTM Group, the results of which were published at the end of March 2024.

The report says that from the beginning of March 2022 to March 2023, 165 judicial acts were issued in Russia, the subject of which is related to the use of AI. In 53% of cases, the requirements were satisfied in full or in part, in 34% - a refusal was issued, and in other cases the outcome was not determined. A year later, from March 2023 to March 2024, the number of such judicial acts reached 406. Of these, in 31% of cases, the requirements were satisfied in full or in part, 55.5% were refused, the rest were not determined.

The number of litigation in the field of artificial intelligence in Russia increased by about 60% over the year

The study highlights four key categories of litigation related to AI technologies. These are disputes over grants for the development of IT products using AI; disputes under software contracts with AI tools; administrative offenses (violations within the framework of mailings/calls using AI); copyright infringement disputes over works created using AI.

It is noted that in the Russian Federation, one of the most frequent violations is the use of AI technologies in order to collect credit debt - making calls using robotic systems. The courts unequivocally recognize this method of communication with the debtor as improper and prohibit its application. At the same time, against the background of the active policy of the state for the development of AI, there are often disputes related to the provision of grants: in such proceedings, the courts usually side with the grantors if the inconsistency of the set of documentation stated in the contract for receiving funds is revealed.^[5]

Certification of AI solutions will be introduced in Russia to support the companies implementing them

In mid-March 2024, the Ministry of Economic Development announced that a certification system for artificial intelligence technologies would be introduced in Russia. At the same time, companies introducing certified AI solutions will be able to count on state support.

As the head of the Ministry of Economic Development Maxim Reshetnikov notes, this is primarily about stimulating the introduction of AI technologies in small industries where their penetration is limited. This is, in particular, woodworking, metalworking, etc. Within the framework of the national project "Data Economics" it is planned to introduce new support tools. In fact, the provision of state assistance is proposed to be associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence in order to promote "companies that work on their effectiveness."

Ministry of Economic Development introduces a system of certification of AI technologies

But for this we need to understand: what kind of artificial intelligence is there? How mature is it, how built on open sources, or our frameworks, and so on? For this, we will need some kind of system, let's say, of soft certification, - quotes "Interfax" the words of Reshetnikov.

In the future, all AI systems should be included in the register of the Ministry of Digital Development, which will be a "certain showcase of solutions." It is estimated that by the end of 2025, about half of Russian organizations will use new intelligent solutions in their business processes.

In turn, Deputy Minister of Economic Development of Russia Maxim Kolesnikov stressed that in order to achieve the goals of the updated National AI Development Strategy until 2030, it is necessary that all authorities are actively involved in supporting the industry. One of the main areas of work is the creation of new computing power. For this, a set of measures will be provided, for example, priority concessional lending. In addition, it is planned to create new AI research centers, fundamentally new training and training programs for specialists. By 2030, about 15.5 thousand employees with appropriate qualifications will be produced in Russia.^[6]

Russia - in the top ten countries for the introduction of AI

Russia in terms of total computing power artificial intelligence using (AI), it is already in the top ten countries leaders. This was reported on March 14, 2023 in the press service of the deputy State Duma of the Russian Federation Anton Nemkin with reference to the words. Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation Maxim Reshetnikov At the same time, the general level of introduction of technologies based on artificial intelligence in priority areas, according to economies the official, reaches more than 31.5%.

"The high level of maturity of AI allows it to be massively used in business and the public administration system, and the level of implementation over the past two years has grown by one and a half times," said Maxim Reshetnikov.

The minister also noted that today it is necessary to stimulate those who have not yet introduced AI, to develop a market for solutions for them. At the same time, it is no less important to develop fundamental science, calculation methods for neural networks, new ways to form models and optimize calculations.

The Russian government is also considering the possibility of introducing a certification system for artificial intelligence technologies, and within the framework of the upcoming national project "Data Economics," it is planned to introduce new support tools. According to Reshetnikov, it is planned to "link" the provision of state support with the introduction of artificial intelligence in order to help "companies that work on their effectiveness."

The domestic gross product of the Russian Federation should additionally receive more than 11 trillion rubles by 2030 thanks to the massive introduction of artificial intelligence technologies as part of the implementation of the national strategy for the development of artificial intelligence, recalled Anton Nemkin, a member of the State Duma Committee on Information Policy, Information Technology and Communications.

"The plans are large-scale, but quite feasible, given the pace of digitalization and the introduction of new technologies in our country. Earlier, the President instructed to increase labor productivity, economic efficiency and social development, including through the widespread use of digital solutions and artificial intelligence technologies. Already today, the introduction of artificial intelligence helps to optimize many processes, freeing up the time of specialists for more important areas of work. For example, according to individual studies, from 30-40% of specialists consider some part of their work relatively useless - just here AI-based systems can come to the rescue, which will take the routine for themselves, "the deputy said.

According to Nemkin, today it is especially important to overcome the existing barriers to the introduction of artificial intelligence, to promote domestic solutions with the field of AI, which will be understandable and attractive for companies and will not cause concern among existing specialists regarding the preservation of jobs.

"13 strategies for the digital transformation of sectors of the economy, social sphere and public administration have already been prepared, which provide for the accelerated introduction of artificial intelligence technologies. The state is making every effort to ensure that the process of introducing new technologies is as seamless as possible, "the parliamentarian concluded.

How generative AI develops in Russia

On March 1, 2024, the FinTech Association (AFL) presented the results of a study on the development of generative artificial intelligence (GENI) in Russia. The published report is designed to simplify the interaction between developers of products and solutions based on AI and representatives of the financial market, as well as help create innovative solutions in the relevant area. Read more here.

Artificial intelligence should become a strategic advantage of Russia

Igor Zimin, an expert in the field of introducing information technologies and machine learning, spoke about the problems of introducing artificial intelligence in Russia and the measures taken to develop artificial intelligence technologies as part of the country's technological sovereignty. Read more here.

Why companies in Russia are in no hurry to introduce artificial intelligence

As of the beginning of 2024, 39% of Russian companies use various solutions based on artificial intelligence, while in the financial and economic sector this figure is even lower - about 22%. The introduction of AI in Russia is hindered by several factors, as stated in a study by the audit and consulting firm Kept, published on February 8, 2024.

The key obstacle to the use of AI tools is the heterogeneity of data from information systems. Many Russian companies do not have a single information landscape with common databases and flows, and employees have to collect and structure a large amount of information from various sources. Among other barriers that restrain the use of AI in companies, respondents indicated the absence of the need to use such technologies (29%), lack of information about the possibilities of AI (27%), the lack of the necessary IT infrastructure (22%) and the lack of a development strategy in the field of AI (16%).

Various solutions based on artificial intelligence are used by 39% of Russian companies

The advantages of introducing AI-based services and applications include automation and improving the quality of executable business processes; freeing up the labor costs of employees to perform tasks that require professional judgment; Reducing company costs from deduplication of authority increased competitive advantages in the market. At the same time, several negative points stand out: these are high costs for the implementation of AI; insufficient level of trust and concerns about the safety and reliability of AI; risk of staff cuts.

In general, as the study says, the speed of AI adoption depends on many factors. Often, in the early stages, the pace of development of AI begins to accelerate significantly, but then as the technique and technology become more complicated, they slow down. This is due to the limited availability of quality data, as well as technological limitations and security issues.^[7]

2023

Russian companies spend on AI about 15% of total spending on digital technologies

Russian organizations spend about 15% of the total cost of digital technologies on the introduction and use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Such information was shared with TAdviser on October 31, 2024 by representatives of the Institute for Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge (ISIEZ) of the Higher School of Economics.

Thus, in the structure of AI costs, a third (32%) falls on the purchase of machines and equipment, 17% - on the purchase of software licenses (), its lease, development, adaptation and refinement. ON Spending on finished products is almost half the cost (Chart 1).

At the same time, a fifth (18%) of the expenses of the surveyed organizations for machines, equipment and software purchased for the implementation and use of AI technologies, according to ISIEZ HSE estimates, fall on Russian products. In the costs of machines and equipment, it occupies 14%, while in the costs of buying finished software - 67% (Fig. 2). Domestic software is traditionally in demand by organizations introducing AI technologies, which is explained by the quality, convenience, safety, reliability of its use, the institute noted.

An additional incentive to strengthen technological sovereignty in this area is the restriction of ties with suppliers of foreign software, the difficulty of finding new developers in foreign markets, and the rise in the cost of their services for Russian users. The practice of acquiring domestic software is also stimulated by the state, which has formed a comprehensive system of measures to support software developers and companies using it.

In the structure of costs for the introduction and use of AI technologies, just over half (51%) are the own funds of the surveyed organizations. The state provides 22% of AI costs, of which 18% falls on the federal budget, 4% - on regional and local budgets. According to ISIEZ HSE, borrowed funds provide almost 22% of all analyzed costs; they are attracted mainly by large organizations, which is explained by the greater availability of credit resources for them and often no alternative to this source of financing when implementing large-scale projects in the field of AI (Fig. 3).

Although almost a quarter of the cost of AI is carried out at the expense of the budget, only 13% of the surveyed organizations use this source. Among large organizations with state funding, two-thirds (67%) receive it from the federal center. Medium and small enterprises are supported mainly by the regions - respectively, 59 and 86% of them attract funds from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets. This may indicate that at the federal level, first of all, large-scale projects in the field of AI are financed, while relatively small companies that are in the focus of attention of local authorities receive support from the regions, analysts noted.

The estimates given in the current material are based on the data of a specialized statistical survey of more than 2.3 thousand organizations of various types of economic activities conducted by the ISIEZ HSE in 2024 as part of the event "Monitoring the creation and results of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in order to assess the level of implementation of these technologies in the sectors of the economy and social sphere" of the federal project "Artificial Intelligence."^[8]

State purchases of AI solutions in Russia have grown several times over the year

In 2023, procurement of solutions based on artificial intelligence in the public sector increased significantly. In particular, within the framework of the 44-FZ (orders of state and municipal structures), the number of purchases increased by almost 2.5 times in relation to 2022, and by 223-FZ (orders of state-owned companies) - more than four times. Such data at the end of February 2024 was published by the Roseltorg electronic platform. Read more here.

Artificial intelligence in Russia: Main trends and prospects

By the end of 2023, in Russia, approximately 20% of companies use generative artificial intelligence (GENI) for various business tasks. Of these, 12% have identified priority functions and scenarios for the implementation of the corresponding technology, and more than a quarter (about 27%) are pointwise experimenting with such solutions. This is stated in the study "Yakov and Partners" and "Yandex," the results of which were published in mid-December 2023. Analysts have identified the main trends and prospects for the development of Genii in the Russian Federation.

It is noted that OpenAI 100% of the surveyed Russian companies using Genii use solutions (GPT-4, GPT-3.5). An additional 80% of respondents use YandexGPT to solve problems with working with texts, and more than 40% - Kandinsky to work with images. Most often, Genii is introduced in the Russian Federation in the fields of marketing and sales (66%), customer service (54%), research and development (49%), as well as IT (31%). Overall, this is in line with the international trend. Among the most frequently solved tasks are: creating creative materials, prompts to support operators and dialog assistants, helping to write code for developers, generating trainings, checking documents, automatically scoring interviews in mass hiring, etc.

Almost all surveyed companies (94%) note cost reduction as a key effect of introducing AI into business processes. About a third of companies operating in the consumer sector (banking, retail, media, telecommunications, e-commerce, IT) also expect AI to be able to raise revenue, increase the value of products for customers and, as a result, the loyalty of the latter.

According to Yakov & Partners experts, the full economic potential of AI in Russia is 22-36 trillion rubles in nominal prices, and by 2028 the realized effect on revenue growth and cost reduction of companies can reach 4.2-6.9 trillion rubles, which is equivalent to the impact on GDP up to 4%. The effect of Genii technologies will be 0.8-1.3 trillion rubles, or about 20%. In absolute terms, about 70% of the potential falls on six key industries for the Russian economy: transport and logistics, banking, retail, extractive industry, consumer goods production, and IT.

The total revenue of companies from the sale of AI solutions for the V2V segment, which can be defined as the Russian market for AI-based solutions, in 2022 is estimated at 30-50 billion rubles. By 2028, this figure may grow to 0.3-0.6 trillion rubles, which corresponds to the CAGR (average annual growth rate in complex percentages) at the level of 50%.

The report notes that by the end of 2023, Russian companies are quite cautious in investing in the introduction of Genia: about 76% of the surveyed enterprises on the horizon of one year plan to allocate less than 1% of the IT and digitalization budget for these purposes. At the same time, 24% of respondents are ready to invest more than 1% of their IT budget in appropriate technologies during the year.

Analysts also cite a number of difficulties associated with the use of AI in Russia. Thus, 61% of employers face difficulties in finding candidates with skills in the field of digital technologies. Another deterrent is the lack of hardware and the high level of costs for the development of AI tools: 57% of companies surveyed note high costs as difficulties in implementing AI. More than 75% of companies surveyed also note difficulties in finding AI-based solutions on the market or with their development, about half (46%) - difficulties in creating the necessary data platform for working with AI. Among the key risks are cybersecurity (68%), issues of compliance with regulatory and legislative requirements (53%) and the interpretability of the results obtained (48%).^[9]

State purchases of AI solutions in Russia doubled over the year

In 2023, 235 public procurement of solutions based on artificial intelligence technologies in the amount of 3 billion rubles was carried out in Russia, while in 2022 the number of such tenders was measured at 135. This is evidenced by the data of the Tenderplan search and analytical system for managing tenders, published at the end of December 2023. Read more here.

Regions of Russia identified - leaders in the use of AI

To ensure the introduction of the most successful practices for the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the instructions of the President of the Russian Federation, the study "Intellectual Maturity Index" was conducted. As on December 12, 2023, representatives of the Commission of the State Council of the Russian Federation in the direction of "Communications, Communications, Digital Economy" shared with TAdviser, the study assessed the AI maturity of the entire system of economy and public administration in four areas: priority sectors of the economy, the system of federal executive bodies, regional OIV, as well as the pilot - the system of local governments.

The commission, which conducted the study in terms of ROIV and OMSU, talked about the details and first conclusions of the analytical work. On average, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 13% of ROIVs use AI, and 32% have already planned the introduction of AI solutions. Most often (in 44% of cases), departments characterize the effect of using AI as moderate and significant. The maximum effects of using AI are associated with the quality of implementation of business processes and with the objectivity of the results obtained.

As the study showed, technologies of intellectual support for decision-making are most in demand among regional and municipal authorities.

The distribution of IT organizations involved in the development of AI products throughout the country is uneven. In many regions, no more than 10 companies are registered. In 71% of regions, there are data centers for performing the main tasks of machine learning, although not everywhere these capacities are enough to perform all tasks.

At the same time, access to data for using AI is absent in 88% of regions, and the shortage of AI specialists is noted in 62% of regions, the researchers found out. Strategies for the development and use of AI are not developed in 91% of regions. However, more than 70% of regions have subject-level documents containing blocks devoted to the development of AI.

In general, the development and use of artificial intelligence in the regions of Russia reflects heterogeneity and differences in the level of technological training and resource availability. According to analysts, this creates a gap between developed and less developed regions in the understanding, use and implementation of innovative solutions based on artificial intelligence.

In addition to Moscow as a leader in the use of artificial intelligence, the top regions with the highest level of AI maturity are highlighted:

Among the most common problems that subjects face when implementing AI are named: the lack of the necessary digital infrastructure; lack of specialists with the necessary competencies; lack or absence of available technological solutions on the market; and data problems (poor quality and/or lack thereof).

In total, ROIV from 89 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including new regions, took part in the survey; OMSU and organizations of 20 pilot subjects of the Russian Federation. The assessment took place in 11 groups of indicators, including: the use of artificial intelligence, the effects of its use, the infrastructure and data necessary for the use of AI, personnel and competencies in the field of AI.

The team of the National Center for the Development of Artificial Intelligence under the Government of the Russian Federation and the Commission of the State Council of the Russian Federation in the direction of "Communications, Communications, Digital Economy," as well as the company O2Consulting, which acted as an analytical partner, worked on the directions of ROIV and OMSU.

Dmitry Chernyshenko outlined five key global trends in AI development

The Vice-Chairperson Governments of the Russian Federation Dmitry Chernyshenko described what the Government and other authorities at all levels are doing to develop technologies artificial intelligence() AI and implement them in all industries economies and social spheres. Such information has been TAdviser shared by representatives since November 23, 2023. Sberbank

As Dmitry Chernyshenko noted, in terms of the number of generative AI models, Russia ranks 4th in the world, and in terms of the total power of supercomputers, it is in the top 10. The volume of the Russian AI market in 2022 exceeded 650 billion rubles, which is 18% more than in 2021. More than 1000 domestic companies are developing in this area. More than 90 research centers have been established to study AI and develop new solutions.

And in many industries, there has already been a transition from the stage of developing AI technologies to their practical application. The Russian government was one of the first in the world to work on its own platform solutions. In 2023, the transition of all state executive bodies and regional authorities to the GosTech platform, which contains the AI module, began.

As for practical examples of the introduction of AI in industries, Federal Tax Service of Russia for 7 years it has been using artificial intelligence to sort checks by product names in cash registers, which allows you to see the dynamics of consumption and helps make decisions based on. The data MINISTRY OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS has introduced a system that allows you to calculate the risks of fires and respond more quickly to them. policlinics Moscow A service is introduced in all when AI gives a preliminary diagnosis. Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works implemented an AI system that detects defects during the production cycle.

A specially developed index of intellectual maturity for the introduction of AI, Dmitry Chernyshenko emphasized, reached 31.5% in priority sectors of the economy. The financial sector, the field of information and communication technologies and health care are leading in this. Compared to 2021 in 2022, the average level of AI use in the country increased 1.5 times. The level of AI implementation in federal executive bodies is more than 60%. The government is systematically developing AI technologies. An operational headquarters has been created, which includes leaders in the digital transformation of all federal departments.

Dmitry Chernyshenko also spoke about grants for the development of applied solutions in Russian research centers. The first six such centers are already operating since 2021. And by the end of 2023, at least six more such centers will be identified, which will receive state support in the amount of 4 billion rubles.

For November 2023, the government is focused on the inclusion of specific AI measures in the strategies for digital transformation of all sectors of the economy and companies with state participation. And on behalf of the President of the Russian Federation, the use of artificial intelligence technologies will become mandatory for all companies that plan to receive subsidies from the federal budget. A mechanism of tax incentives has been launched for companies that purchase domestic software with artificial intelligence.

Thus, today Russia is moving from the AI Ready state to the AI Native state in order to maintain a leading position in the global race for artificial intelligence, which continues to accelerate.

Dmitry Chernyshenko outlined the five main global trends in the field of AI. He called the first such trend the desire of states for technological sovereignty in conditions of mutual restrictions, when individual countries close access to their developments.

The second is the tightening of the struggle for personnel. Therefore, the government seeks to provide Russian specialists in the field of AI with the best working conditions. The Alliance in the field of AI, together with the Ministry of Education and Science, has developed a rating of the quality of training specialists in artificial intelligence, which shows how educational programs of various universities meet the needs of the market. According to Dmitry Chernyshenko, the top 10 Russian universities in this ranking are already seriously competing for the title of the best and are training highly qualified specialists.

The third trend is the development of secure artificial intelligence. We are talking about the transition from a client-centric to a human-centric model, when the interests of a particular person become priorities for the state and business. And here it is important to understand that with the further development of AI, issues of the ethics of artificial intelligence are becoming more and more important. For two years, about 330 organizations have joined the Code of Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, including 23 foreign and about 60 Russian executive bodies.

The fourth trend is the desire of scientific researchers in various technological fields to use increasingly powerful large language models and generative AI. According to expert estimates, in the next 10 years such technologies will add about 7 trillion dollars to the world. Ideally, GDP Dmitry Chernyshenko drew attention, each specialist should use AI as his assistant to pump his capabilities and skills.

And the fifth trend is the growth of the economic effect of using AI. According to expert estimates, by 2030 it will exceed $15 trillion in the global economy.

However, in the context of the search for financial benefits, we must not forget that in addition to economic effects, there are also social, institutional and other, which are also important to take into account, Dmitry Chernyshenko explained. It is important here to choose the right approach to regulating this technology, he said.

There are several such approaches. The first is when self-regulation by business is given priority. The second is hybrid, when acts of strict regulation are combined with self-regulation. And the third is a restrictive approach, where regulation focuses on risks and restrictions. The Russian approach gravitates towards a hybrid scheme, because Russia should become the country with the most favorable conditions for the development of AI technologies. In practice, this means the creation of experimental legal regimes with great opportunities, as well as the popularization of ethical norms. As of November 2023, 11 similar regimes in the field of AI have already been established in Russia in such areas as unmanned vehicles, healthcare and others.

Dmitry Chernyshenko noted that the updated national strategy of Russia will meet the large-scale challenges facing the AI market. The key ones are the need to create additional computing power, the development of advanced scientific developments and research teams, as well as an increase in the pace of introduction of AI in the sectors of the economy and public administration. It is also important to continue to work on training personnel, ensuring investment for AI startups, removing regulatory barriers and overcoming international isolation.

The implementation of this strategy will achieve significant socio-economic effects, Dmitry Chernyshenko believes. It is expected that by 2030 the volume of computing power will grow 10 times (up to 1 exaflops minimum). More than 2 times the number of scientists whose work is published at top-level conferences will increase. The share of industries with a high level of AI adoption will increase to 95%. By 2030, an additional 70 thousand specialists in the field of artificial intelligence will be trained, the volume of the AI solutions market will increase 5 times.

Dmitry Chernyshenko noted: the government expects that by 2030 Russia will enter the top 5 countries of the world in terms of basic metrics of artificial intelligence and, thanks to the use of new technologies, will increase its GDP by 6%. The expected increase in GDP from AI by 2030 may amount to 11.2 trillion rubles.

AI in Russia: scale of distribution and innovative effects

The Institute for Statistical Research and Knowledge Economics (ISIEZ) of the Higher School of Economics on September 26, 2023 shared with TAdviser the results of a study, during which experts assessed the development and spread of artificial intelligence (AI) in Russia, studied the specifics of using AI-based solutions and related trends of innovative activities of companies.

According to ISIEZ HSE, two-thirds (65%) of the surveyed organizations use AI while in test (experimental) mode, studying and assessing the possibilities of new solutions for business. Approximately 3/4 of respondents use AI in conjunction with other digital technologies. In half of the cases, we are talking about various types of industrial software, including computer-aided design systems, process control, etc. More than a quarter (27%) of organizations use AI along with Internet of Things technologies, 38% - in conjunction with communication services that provide interaction with customers and solve marketing problems.

Products based on computer vision and speech recognition and synthesis technologies are most in demand (78.7% and 62% of responses, respectively):

Recommendation systems based on predictive analytics and big data (40.7%) are also actively used, providing functions for predicting the development of situations and behavior of objects, for example, when servicing equipment and vehicles. According to ISIEZ experts, most often AI solutions optimize management tasks (sales and marketing, financial and accounting), to a lesser extent - production processes. Much less often (about 10%) respondents use intelligent control systems to automate complex processes that are difficult to control using traditional methods. Such systems are a necessary element of digital factories (fully distributed industries), which allows you to flexibly adapt production processes to changes in demand and external conditions.

Among AI users, the most popular are "boxed" products due to the lower cost and ready-made functionality. To reduce the cost and speed up the creation of a product, open source software is used, in particular, it is most in demand in internal development. Proprietary software prevails in custom external development and in such areas as robotics, unmanned vehicles, intelligent control systems.

As the researchers found out, organizations prefer mainly Russian products. Domestic solutions based on speech recognition and synthesis technologies (82.4%), as well as biometrics, computer vision and cybersecurity (more than 60% of organizations) are most actively used. Foreign solutions do not occupy comparable positions in any of the technology groups. At the same time, in some cases they can be used in organizations together with domestic ones: most often these are recommendation systems, biometrics, as well as solutions based on promising AI methods (for example, automatic machine learning (AutoML), transfer machine learning, etc.).

One of the main barriers to the spread of AI is the significant amount of investment required, as well as the lack of personnel. More than 60% of organizations spend less than 1% of the cost of implementing and using digital technologies on AI. Cautious behavior is explained by the fact that AI projects tend to have a long implementation cycle and time-delayed effects. Even when assessing such effects, users face difficulties, including due to a lack of expertise and standards on various aspects of the development and implementation of AI solutions and the uniqueness of projects for each individual company, the HSE Research Institute for Research and Development noted.^[10]

The main innovative effects of AI-based applications, according to responses from more than half (almost 55%) of respondents, are associated with improvements in existing products; approximately a third of companies (31.6%) based on these solutions create innovations that are significant for the organization itself; one in five (21.6%) see AI as a tool for bringing new products to the domestic market; radically new products and services focused on the global market are produced only by every 20th (4.6%) among the surveyed organizations.

The study also showed that AI technologies are actively used to optimize existing (37.5%) and introduce new business processes (30.8%). The solutions used to promote allow you to track customer preferences and customize the functionality of the products and services offered. The introduction of "process" AI is more difficult, more expensive, longer and often involves the creation of complex applications, each of which performs its own task (for example, computer vision is part of a predictive analytics system for the state of production equipment). At the same time, these applications multiply expand production capabilities: if you establish AI, which will simultaneously monitor hundreds of processes at an industrial facility, a person monitoring its work will only have to respond to freelance incidents, the IIEZ noted.

The main mechanism for creating AI-related improvements is research and development: they are carried out by 60% of surveyed organizations using AI technologies. Also, many respondents implement AI innovations, creating software and databases (52.5%), slightly less - marketing and product promotion tools (39.8%). About 17% of organizations are engaged in engineering work.

The surveyed companies prefer to independently implement AI-related innovations. More than half conduct research and development on their own. Organizations using AI are more likely to form groundwork in the inner contour. This is especially true for complex solutions aimed at improving efficiency, business processes eliminating bottlenecks in production and management. This tactic is primarily due to the desire to ensure safety confidentiality. data Large companies are often determined to develop their own AI competence centers (a type of classic R&D subdivisions, but with broader functionality and access to). to data

Companies most often interact with external participants in joint software development (38.8% of the number of organizations engaged in this type of innovative activity). Large companies usually attract counterparties to prepare a pilot version of the product and adapt it to their specific tasks, and after a full release, further improvements and support are carried out in-house. The growing popularity of pre-trained models that simplify the integration of AI into the business processes of an organization may strengthen the desire of companies to launch their own AI projects, ISIEZ experts say. Also, external performers are entrusted with more "simple" marketing tasks (26.2%), the purchase of specialized equipment (32.3%). When mastering new methods of doing business, almost 27% of respondents cooperate with other companies or completely outsource this task (19.5%).^[11]

As specified in the ISIEZ HSE, as part of the first round of monitoring the development and spread of AI, which was carried out in late 2022 - early 2023, 2.3 thousand organizations were examined - users of AI-based solutions from eight federal districts and 36. subjects of the Russian Federation The main array of respondents is represented by large (67.5%) and medium-sized organizations (24.9%). The sample includes organizations belonging to 20 main types of economic activity, including, and agriculture extracting manufacturing,, and industry, construction transport logistics security, electric power the service sector (,, others), the trade finance social sphere (, higher, health care others). education

Named the main barriers to the development of AI in Russia

The main barrier in the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the financial sector is the shortage of specialized specialists - as 83% of the surveyed companies said in the framework of a study conducted by the FinTech Association (AFL). The report was published in early August 2023.

Market participants distinguish three categories of the most sought-after specialists in the field of AI: data scientists, data engineers and data analysts. Despite the fact that the search and adaptation of data scientists require significant resources, according to the market, the greatest deficit is in the involvement of qualified data engineers.

In addition, 40% of Russian companies that took part in the survey expressed concern that there are almost completely no domestic tools for working with machine learning.

Despite the fact that now the Russian financial sector is among the world leaders in the penetration of AI technologies, in the medium term there is a significant risk of losing competitive advantage. It is almost impossible to develop AI solutions at the world level, being cut off from international communities, the study says.

On June 14, 2023, the head of Sberbank, German Gref, in an interview with RBC, named the main problem that hinders the successful development of technologies based on artificial intelligence (AI) in Russia. This is a sanction restriction associated with blocking the supply of high-tech equipment for AI projects, which is produced by several companies in the world, and most patents and technologies in this area belong to the United States. Gref noted that even when solving this problem, he is not a pessimist.

We put such options in previous years in a black scenario, as you say. We have taken steps to prepare for such situations. But, as always, the risk comes before you are ready for it. But not to say that we are absolutely not ready for it. We are now working together with the government on how to solve this problem - the problem of "hardware," which, unfortunately, is not so easy to solve, "he explained.^[12]

600 billion rubles have been invested in the development of artificial intelligence in the Russian Federation over 10 years

Fintech market leaders in Russia have invested about 600 billion rubles in artificial intelligence over the past 10 years. This is stated in a study prepared by the FinTech Association (AFL). The document was published on August 1, 2023.

According to the report, the return on investment in AI projects reaches 240 billion rubles a year. Medium and small companies invest 500 times less in AI technologies than large organizations: from 100 to 300 million rubles a year.

ROI in AI projects reaches 240 billion rubles a year

The study also said that by mid-2023, 80% of companies have at least one data analysis unit. At the same time, only 17% of companies have centralized, dedicated structures that specialize in working with AI solutions. 95% of financial market companies have already introduced AI technologies into the main processes.

It is noted that the key barriers to the introduction of AI are the shortage of specialized specialists, as well as the lack of domestic tools for working with machine learning. In 2023, large language models became a technological driver for the development of AI in fintech.

According to analysts, import substitution of software is not a "hindering" factor for the development of AI, since 76% use Open Source-based solutions. At the same time, access to hardware remains a limiting factor, since most fintech companies do not develop AI on a comparable scale.

When conducting the study, AFL analysts studied more than 200 international and Russian sources of information about AI technologies, and also conducted 45 in-depth interviews with AI experts in the financial sector and investigated more than 100 cases of using AI in fintech. The study involved more than 300 people, 75% of banks from TOP-10 in the Russian Federation.

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FINANCIAL MARKET KEY FINDINGS

The Russian authorities allowed the use of a neural network to assess the investment attractiveness of the regions

The authorities can connect neural networks to assess the investment attractiveness of Russian regions. The Ministry of Economic Development admits this possibility. As specified in the department, we are talking about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) "in addition to the current mechanisms for data analysis and further assessment."

Officials gave this response to a request to comment on a scientific article on the use of neural networks in this area. The use of AI to assess the investment attractiveness of subjects would allow taking into account more data and exclude the subjectivity of the authors, specialists from the Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics said in their work. They also listed the shortcomings of the current systems. For example, if the author of the rating uses the method of expert assessments, i.e. polls specialists and draws conclusions based on the opinions heard, there is a risk that subjective judgments will be taken into account in the assessment. In the "boiler" method, many different data are used, but the factors do not rank in importance. This can also have a bad effect on the final points. In addition, there is a risk that rating agencies will manipulate data in the interests of any entities, Vedomosti was informed in July 2023, citing the words of scientists.^[13]

Officially, the investment attractiveness of the regions is assessed by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives (ASI), the Ministry of Economic Development recalled. ASI annually compiles a national rating of the investment attractiveness of subjects on the basis of about 70 parameters, the ministry said. There are also lists of private companies - for example, they are composed by Expert RA and the National Rating Agency.

Having analyzed the shortcomings of the methods used to assess the investment climate of the regions, the authors of the aforementioned scientific article came up with the idea of developing tools based on neural network technology and factor analysis, according to their work. In simplistic terms, we are talking about AI training in two stages, explained the author of the study, a graduate student of the Department of Economics and Finance of the Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics Yevgeny Alexandrov. First, you need to collect information, weeding out deliberately false, unreliable or having significant deviations, and form a database. This will be followed directly by training the artificial neural network how to process them. Relatively speaking, for this it is necessary to digitize the experience of the authors of investment attractiveness assessments.

"At this time, we share our conclusions with the machine, the logic of our thoughts when making a decision, and the machine understands this, remembers and learns to make decisions itself," Alexandrov said.

In his opinion, the main problem in creating a neural network to assess the investment attractiveness of the regions is precisely the lack of digitized experience on which to train it. The practical introduction of such neural networks can be expected in the next decade, if the authorities or IT corporations are interested in the topic, the author of the study believes.

The development of AI systems in Russia for the year has risen in price by 40%

The cost of developing software and services based on artificial intelligence in Russia from June 2022 to June 2023 increased by 30-40%. Such data were released in early July 2023.

According to the Kommersant newspaper "," referring to information received from market participants, one of the reasons for the rise in the price of AI products is Western sanctions. Due to the current geopolitical situation, difficulties arose with the purchase of foreign equipment - primarily accelerators, Nvidia which are used in many AI systems. At the same time, equipment supplied through parallel imports is much more expensive than previously received into the country through official channels. Graphics processors are used for training neural networks,, machine learning analysis, in the big data field cryptocurrencies and mining, for and, virtualizations cloud computing 3D graphics, animation, etc. Therefore, the lack of such solutions provokes a rapid increase in cost. software

The cost of developing software and services based on AI increased by 30-40%

Another reason is that a shortage of specialists in the field of AI has formed in Russia. Problems with personnel in the industry began in the spring of 2022, when developers began to move abroad in droves. Many programmers have received offers from international corporations in foreign currency, so Russian companies have to raise their wages to keep workers. And this is also reflected in the cost of the final products.

The director Artezio of LANIT Dmitry Parshin the development center (group "") believes that the rise in price of AI-based software will continue due to sanctions pressure. In particular, the increase in the cost of such products by the end of 2023 may amount to another 50%. And this will lead to a reduction in investment in the field of AI and a transition to cheaper and less efficient or secure solutions. Industry participants believe that support is required for the development of the domestic market of Russia due to the more active introduction of AI projects in the regions. states^[14]

The Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation decided to develop a state concept for working with artificial intelligence

At the end of May 2023, it became known about the decision of the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation to create a state concept for working with artificial intelligence, which will allow linking the approaches already used in this area and create the ground for the implementation of related initiatives. This was told by the deputy head of the department Grigory Borisenko.

According to him, it is necessary "to create such a toolkit of a large, set of competencies, tools and technologies that would allow all participants in the process to draw resources, competencies and technologies from there in order to go through the life cycle of setting tasks and obtaining the final result of the implemented solution, and not stop on this path."

The Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation plans to create a state concept for working with artificial intelligence

Deputy Head of the Ministry of Digital Development Russian Federation stressed that this will not be a new system, the concept will only make it possible to supplement the decisions planned within the framework of the national strategy for the development of artificial intelligence until 2030.

It's not a new system that we're going to design. This is an approach to the interconnection of all initiatives currently being implemented. This is an approach to ensuring that those current projects that are now being implemented leave artifacts and prepare the basis for the implementation of related initiatives, "Borisenko explained.

According to him, the creation of such a platform solves, among other things, most of the tasks that are declared as part of the strategy for the development of artificial intelligence.

At the end of May 2023, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko said at a conference that about 800 companies operate in Russia in the field of AI, approximately 90% of which are promising startups. By the first quarter of 2023, the country managed to implement 10 especially significant IT projects, by the end of 2023 it is planned to complete work on nine more projects, and the rest will be implemented within the next three to five years, he said.^[15]

2022

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Artificial intelligence technologies. TAdviser 2022 review

artificial intelligence Russia Experts estimate the annual growth rate of the solutions market at 20-30%. Which technologies provide such accelerated development? In what practical tasks do these technologies find massive use? Where are the growth points that determine the vectors of development of intelligent systems in the near future? TAdviser Russian experts in the field of intelligent technologies and solutions helped to find answers to these questions. More...

71% of AI projects in Russia are concentrated in Moscow

At the end of 2022, about 71% of projects with the field of artificial intelligence were concentrated in Moscow. In second place is St. Petersburg, which accounts for 10% of AI companies. Such data are given in a study that analysts of the NTI Competence Center in the direction of "Artificial Intelligence" on the basis of MIPT presented in July 2023.

According to the report, by the beginning of 2022, there were about 400 companies operating in the field of artificial intelligence in Russia. Among them:

77 developers of business intelligence tools;
76 developers of computer vision technologies:
55 developers of solutions in the field of natural language processing;
54 medical projects;
49 data analysis software developers.

According to experts, AI can solve a lot of problems for the regions, but the totality of such factors as lack of finance, proper information about effective practices, a shortage of personnel and competencies, as well as the need to change regulatory acts and standards, becomes a serious obstacle to the introduction of artificial intelligence.

To create conditions for expanding the introduction of AI in the regions, the experts of the Central Committee on AI propose to focus on three areas:

working with large industry companies present in the region to encourage the introduction of AI into their key processes;
development of competencies among employees in the field;
regional and municipal authorities need to submit indicative AI solutions.
An important condition for systematic work will be the approval by the Russian Government of the roadmap for the development of AI technologies in the regions, prepared by the regional authorities together with the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation, researchers say.

Almanac "Artificial Intelligence 2022"

AI market growth by 17.3% to 647 billion rubles

The volume of Russian artificial intelligence in 2022 reached 647 billion rubles, which is 17.3% more than a year earlier. This is stated in the study, which in July 2023 was published by analysts of the NTI Competence Center in the direction of "Artificial Intelligence" based on MIPT.

The report says that in 2022, Russian researchers made about 2.5 thousand publications at various conferences. Russia climbed to 11th place in the world in this indicator from 17th place a year earlier.

In 2022, 21 investment transactions of $51 million were recorded on the Russian AI market against 77 transactions of $226 million in 2021. Government funding for AI projects has roughly tripled in two years. Almost 1.1 billion rubles were spent on state purchases in the field of AI in 2022. In 2022, corporate purchases of goods and services in the field of AI fell sharply compared to 2021, while budget increased. It is noted that since 2020, companies have purchased significantly more goods and services in the field of AI than budgetary institutions.

Financing of the AI industry in Russia is carried out within the framework of the national program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation," one of the projects of which is the federal project "Artificial Intelligence." For 2023, 6.4 billion rubles are planned for the implementation of the FP "Artificial Intelligence," which is 600 million rubles more than the planned budget for 2021.

The study notes that in 2018-2020. funding for AI was carried out through development institutions in the form of separate programs, and starting from 2021, all funding goes within the framework of the Federal Project "Artificial Intelligence," where some projects and companies are still financed through development institutions, and some goes through FOIVs. With the launch of the Federal Project "Artificial Intelligence" in 2021, state funding for AI increased by about 3 times in two years.

Among development institutions, the Innovation Assistance Fund remains the leader in financing AI companies. RFRIT and Skolkovo also showed strong growth in 2022.

According to the study, in 2022, the segment for the provision of services related to AI and software development increased significantly. The equipment procurement segment also grew. The services accounted for about 75% of the annual volume of public procurement in the field of artificial intelligence.

Analysts noted several positive and negative factors that had a strong impact on the development of the AI market in Russia. Positive experts attributed:

revenue growth of leading AI companies: in 2022, users began to use Russian services more, which led to an increase in revenue of Yandex, VK and other AI companies. This gives companies more resources for R&D;
support: Authorities states have begun to look after leading companies across industries, including AI. This is primarily due to sanctions bans and the strategic need for its own technologies. The industry began to receive increased attention and support.

The negative factors are as follows:

sanctions on equipment and technology: they block both the purchase of AI equipment and the in-house production of chips. This makes it difficult to increase the computing power needed to store, process data and train AI models;
personnel outflow: its volume in 2022 in the field of AI has become the maximum in recent years, which in the strategic perspective will lead to a weakening of the AI industry both in the academy and in business;
destruction of cooperation: scientific international cooperation, with difficulty built in recent years, is rapidly losing volumes. International companies operating
in Russia, close and, among other things, close R & D. Global markets closed to Russian companies;
Investment reduction: Investment requires long-term planning that has become impossible. Foreign investments in Russia have been suspended indefinitely.

Almanac "Artificial Intelligence 2022"

Artificial intelligence technologies. TAdviser Overview

Special project on artificial intelligence technologies launched in Moscow

[1]A special project dedicated to the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has been launched in Moscow. This became known on April 13, 2022. Everyone will be able to learn about what projects using AI are already being implemented in Moscow, and the developers will be able to study examples of impersonal data sets (datacets) that the city is ready to provide for training algorithms. It is also proposed to apply for them. Read more here.

Chernyshenko instructed companies to open databases of Rosselkhoznadzor, FTS and Rosstat to create AI systems

At the end of January 2022, it became known about this Ministry of Digital Development order of the Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko to develop a plan to provide businesses with access to state impersonal data for training. artificial intelligence It is assumed that the first access to their data sets will be opened,,, and Rosselkhoznadzor. FTS Rosstat Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East Federal Registration Service More. here

2021

Putin instructed to give AI developers access to the databases of Russians

In mid-November 2021, the president Russia Vladimir Putin instructed to give developers artificial intelligence access to databases of impersonal data of Russians. According to the head of state, any attempt to establish a monopoly on data limits free competition.

I ask you to take legislative decisions as soon as possible that will ensure access for Russian developers of artificial intelligence, scientific organizations, business to the arrays of impersonal data of the state, especially since such "data sets" in professional slang have already been formed by ministries and departments, Putin said.

Vladimir Putin instructed to give AI developers access to the databases of Russians

The President stressed that effective mechanisms for depersonalizing and storing data are needed, as well as "extremely clear and understandable rules for providing such anonymous information."

The President expressed confidence that the biometric data of citizens should be stored in a single and secure state data system.

The state should take responsibility for its storage and at the same time ensure free access to it by banks, other organizations, but in a fully encrypted form, excluding any external interference, open access to a person's personal data, he said.

Putin added that training for artificial intelligence specialists should be launched in Russia as soon as possible. Earlier, the President of the Russian Federation instructed the government to submit bills to parliament that would allow the introduction of experimental legal regimes for the use of artificial intelligence technologies in certain sectors of the economy and social sphere.

In May 2021, Ministry of Digital Development proposed to provide AI developers with paid access to government data packages. It followed from the project that, depending on the type of data, either the state operator (for limited access data), or accredited organizations, or the departments themselves will be engaged in the formation, anonymization and depersonalization of their sets.^[16]

What AI costs are built from and how to reduce them

In May 2021, Aikanysh Orozbaeva, head of the department for work with partners and clients at Embedika, spoke about what the costs of AI are built from and how to reduce them. Read more here.

HSE creates a state standard for artificial intelligence

In mid-May 2021, it became known that the Higher School of Economics () HSE won a tender for the development of Russian standards artificial intelligence(). AI The contract value is a little over 100 million. rubles More. here

Russia proposes to regulate the artificial intelligence market

As it became known on April 13, 2021, the Commission on Legal Support of the Digital Economy of the Moscow Branch (MO) of the Association of Lawyers of Russia (AYUR) sent a letter to the Federation Council, the State Duma, the Ministry of Digital Development and Roskomnadzor with a request to introduce regulation of the Russian market for artificial intelligence technologies.

The authors of the appeal claim that it is extremely difficult to identify AI errors and appeal them, since the access of third-party experts to such systems is closed. At the same time, there are risks of discrimination against the AI of citizens and organizations due to the possible presence of biases in algorithms deliberately or unconsciously introduced by developers, poor-quality or incomplete data used to train the system or make decisions in a specific situation, they say.

Russia proposes to regulate the AI market

As Vedomosti writes with reference to a person familiar with the work of large companies using artificial intelligence, he often rejects applications for loans filed by bona fide borrowers based on misinterpreted data and raw algorithms.

Lawyers propose to regulate the use of AI in areas where its use can have legally significant consequences. As an example, the authors of the conclusion cite France, where they introduced a ban on the analysis and forecasting of the actions of judges by AI methods during the proceedings - it concerns everyone who can influence the outcome of the court.

The Ministry of Defense of the AYUR believes that for regulation it is possible to prescribe the need to assess AI systems by independent experts, provide warnings on the websites of government agencies that AI is used on them, and require implementing AI systems to provide for a backup plan in case of failures and other unforeseen situations.

Regulation of technical processes in the field of AI at the level of laws and regulations can negatively affect the development of the market, while the protection of citizens and organizations from the negative consequences of its use will not be strengthened, said Irina Levova, director of strategic projects at the Institute for Internet Research.^[17]

Federal departments in Russia began to introduce AI - Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko

Since August 2020, the heads of the digital transformation of federal departments have begun to develop projects to introduce artificial intelligence into the work of their authorities. Deputy [2] Prime Minister of the Russian Government Dmitry Chernyshenko said this in an interview with TAdviser.

RCTs were trained in new competencies, the use of AI technologies, and prepared their design solutions. Then there was the defense in strategic sessions. It is too early to talk about the introduction of new solutions in departments, projects have passed the stage of public protection. I can say that they are all different and interesting. They were prepared by individual departments or several at once as part of joint work, - said the Deputy Prime Minister

For example, the Ministry of Sports, according to Chernyshenko, proposed to digitalize the process of receiving sports awards, and the Ministry of Energy presented a breakthrough project to automate the creation of unified information models for state information systems, which will allow moving to industry 4.0. Another project is "Digital response to fraud": a mobile application that can block incoming calls, SMS, MMS from suspicious phone numbers.

Podcast: Trends in AI-powered solutions in 2021

2020

Artificial intelligence technologies and solutions: the turning point. TAdviser 2020 Review

The material practically does not mention the so-called "strong intelligence" - it can be achieved, perhaps, only in the dreams of futurologists of various kinds. We are talking about reality, and it is no less interesting and fascinating. Moreover, the expert community gives an unambiguous answer: we are at the turning point, moreover, in the most active phase of the transformation of a rapidly informatizing society. This fracture point is characterized, on the one hand, by unjustified expectations of different kinds that split society. On the other hand, at this point, extensive prospects for real development open up, cleared of unnecessary hype. What do they look like in terms of possible practical implementations?

It was about this that there was a big conversation with scientists and developers of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions, who are at the forefront of AI development in key directions:

Computer vision.
Speech recognition.
Understanding the meaning of texts.
Analytics and decision support.
Deserted and digitized businesses.

[3]Learn more here.

AI technologies were used in their activities by only 5.4% of Russian organizations

Institute for Statistical Research and Knowledge Economics (ISIEZ) HSE December 17, 2021 presented estimates of the level of use of artificial intelligence technologies in Russian organizations.

Despite the surge in interest in AI in Russia, as of December 2021, its spread in the sectors of the economy and social sphere remains low. In 2020, only 5.4% of Russian organizations used these technologies in their activities (Chart 1).

Fig. 1. Use of selected AI technologies: 2020
(in% of the total number of organizations)

Most often, organizations use solutions for a wide range of management (interaction with clients, sales,, marketing, etc.) and Human Resources Management logistics some production tasks, depending on industry specifics. Such solutions include technologies for the mining data and processing of natural language, including. virtual assistants They chat boats were implemented by about 70% of organizations using AI, the share of the total number of respondents is 3.8%.

Computer vision is slightly less common (more than two-thirds of AI users, or 3.7% of the total number of organizations), which is mainly in demand in production processes (for example, in the manufacturing industry to control safety, recognize product defects, monitor the condition of equipment, etc.).

In many respects, this situation is associated with the high complexity of solutions, the need to adapt them to specific tasks and the radical restructuring of most business processes. Only large players can afford such projects so far.

Almost every third enterprise with more than 10 thousand employees uses AI technologies (35.7%), from smaller enterprises (from 5 to 10 thousand) - only every fifth (21.8%), while in organizations with less than 250 people, the share of using AI is at 5%. In addition to the above factors, this is also due to the high cost of AI solutions, the low awareness of small businesses about the advantages of introducing AI and the still insufficient number of "boxed" AI systems.

In the sectors of the economy and social sphere, there is also a strong differentiation in terms of the level of demand for AI technologies. Among the leaders are services and the consumer segment. The most intensive AI is used in organizations in the financial sector (22.8%) and trade (13%). Moreover, the gap between them is almost 10 percentage points.

The current stage in the development of artificial intelligence is associated with the development and adaptation of AI products and services for a large range of applied tasks. The prospects for their mass implementation depend on the willingness of organizations to change not only the technological base, but, more importantly, the business processes and culture of working with data.

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the development of AI, changing the attitude of business to new technologies, and largely served as a driver for the development of the domestic AI solutions market. The business has become convinced that the use of AI can improve the efficiency of the company even in difficult economic conditions.

In the future, the business will present a demand for more comprehensive solutions that integrate AI with other digital technologies, including the Internet of Things, new generations of communication (5G), distributed registry systems. This will allow you to move from fragmentary to systemic development of AI technologies along the entire value chain.

Systemic government policies to stimulate demand for AI from industry, as well as other traditional sectors of the economy, create the necessary incentives for the introduction of technologies and reduce the risks of mastering new solutions. Among other things, the state provides financial support (grants for the commercialization of AI solutions for small enterprises, subsidies for the introduction of AI-based products and services, etc.), forms the legal environment ("regulatory sandboxes," national standards, etc.), contributes to the development of the domestic AI systems market.

Ethical aspects play an important role in the commercial distribution of AI. The recently adopted AI Code of Ethics is designed to define the basic principles of AI development and implementation, minimize risks and increase user confidence.

In parallel, the practice of obtaining and using data is being formed. Thus, it is planned to develop a concept for simplifying developers' access to various types of data. This is an important step towards creating a data market without which the development of AI is impossible in the long term.

The volume of the AI market in Russia exceeded $290 million

The Russian artificial intelligence market reached US $291 million in 2020. Such data are provided in the IDC Worldwide Artificial Intelligence Spending Guide, which IDC Russia announced to TAdviser on April 27, 2021.

The volume of the AI market in Russia in 2020 exceeded $290 million

Spending on AI solutions in commercial and government entities rose 22.4% compared to 2019, according to IDC data, remaining significant throughout a turbulent 2020.

Digital initiatives using elements of artificial intelligence technologies helped businesses adapt to the pandemic, COVID-19 minimized people's participation in everyday operations and contributed to optimization. business processes Companies that already used artificial intelligence technologies and machine learning expanded the list of initiatives and accelerated planned projects, and companies that do not use these technologies were able to see the advantages of competitors that benefit from intelligent solutions.

The financial sector remains the largest consumer in the artificial intelligence market, introducing technologies for analysis and investigation of fraud, as well as automated analysis and prevention of threats. Investment in digital assistant creation grew at the fastest pace as companies deployed artificial intelligence capabilities in customer service processes and to automate internal and external routine operations.

The manufacturing sector, both discrete and continuous, applies elements of artificial intelligence to automated preventive maintenance and quality management often in projects involving the use of IoT technologies. The use of machine learning algorithms to optimize the supply chain has not yet attracted large investments, but in the projected period until 2024, these costs will grow on average three times faster than the market as a whole.

Customer service, demand planning and recommendations in the sales process for online buyers have become factors that stimulate retail and wholesale organizations' spending trade on artificial intelligence. Retail companies are investing in artificial intelligence scenarios such as chat boats price optimization and digital product recommendations to increase customer engagement and generate revenue in digital sales channels.

In 2020, there was a significant increase in investment from government organizations, which until 2024 will continue at an average annual rate of 26.4%, the IDC predicts. This growth will be supported by the declared state program for the development of artificial intelligence (AI). Digital services for citizens and the use of artificial intelligence for infrastructure operation (autonomous IT) will also stimulate the flow of investment from government organizations.

For health care, AI technologies have become especially significant in a pandemic. Notable results from the introduction of diagnostic and treatment systems as well as digital assistants for patient request processing provide a solid foundation for AI growth in the healthcare sector with a CAGR of 40% during the forecast period.

Demands for automation, digital transformation, and increased customer engagement continue to support investment in AI-enabled solutions. Companies invested in these areas even when they suffered losses from COVID-19. By replacing people or helping them in their daily work, AI solutions are becoming more attractive for implementation, and technology development will help democratize these solutions for companies in all sectors of the economy.

says Elena Semenovskaya, director of research at IDC in Russia and the CIS.

IDC estimates that spending on artificial intelligence solutions will continue to show average annual growth of 18.5% through 2024. The AI market is expected to break the $500 million mark in 2023 with a volume of $555.1 million by 2024.

China spends 350 times more on AI than Russia

China spends 350 times more on AI than Russia. This became known on April 16, 2021.

And this despite the fact that China's GDP is only 10 times that of our country.

These and many other assessments of the state of affairs with the development of AI in our country were made on April 14, 2021 at the Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation during the presentation of the almanac "Artificial Intelligence. Index of 2020, "containing the results of research by the Competence Center of the National Technological Initiative on the basis of MIPT in the direction of" Artificial Intelligence. "

According to the authors of the USA almanac, China is also the generally recognized leaders in AI in the world. In order for Russia to become one of the leaders in AI in the world, it is necessary to think and act as leaders. In particular, it is useful to see how much leading countries spend on funding work in the field of AI. Of course, Russia's GDP much less than the GDP United States or China, so it would seem obvious that Russia invests much less money than - countries leaders. However, it is interesting to look at the difference in these values... Russia's GDP is about 14 times smaller than US GDP and about 10 times smaller than China's. This would be expected that investments in AI in Russia will be 10-15 times less than those of the United States and China. However, in 2020, investments in AI in Russia amounted to about 3 billion rubles, which in terms of the exchange rate gives about 40 million. dollars While in the United States in 2020, investments in AI amounted to about $6 billion, and in - China about $14.3 billion. It follows that AI funding in Russia is about 350 times less than in China.

The authors offer to look at the general financing sciences in Russia, the USA and China. The share of GDP going to finance is comparable to that in the sciences in Russia US and about five times lower than in China. As a result, taking into account the difference in GDP, completely incomparable amounts are spent on science. So, for example, funding for science is about 50 times lower than in China... Inside the funding of science itself, AI also spends completely different shares. The share of AI spending in the structure of all science spending in Russia is about seven times less than in the United States and China. That is, the priorities for financing AI in the United States and China are much higher than in Russia. As a natural result, the total share of GDP that is spent on research and development in AI in Russia is about 35 times lower than in China and about 10 times lower than in the United States.

The authors of the study conclude that if Russia really wants to break into the world leaders in AI, then it is necessary not only to increase funding for all scientific activities by at least 3-5 times, but also to increase the priorities for financing research and development on AI within the financing of all science^[1].

Research: Penetration of solutions based on artificial intelligence in Russian companies

The analytical agency TAdviser , together Rostelecom with, investigated the level of penetration of solutions using in the AI Russian market, as well as the effects obtained from them in different industries. According to a TAdviser survey conducted at the end of 2020, more than 85% of large Russian organizations have already implemented or are piloting AI initiatives. Read more here.

A plan for the preparation of AI standards has been developed in Russia

In Russia, a plan for the development of standards in the field of artificial intelligence for 2021-2025 has been created, it is aimed at approval at Rosstandart. This was announced on September 23 by TAdviser Sergey Garbuk, chairman of the technical committee 164, which developed the document.

In general, the plan involves the development of about 170 standards in the field of AI during 2021-2025. (photo - realnoevremya.ru)

According to Garbuk, the plan involves the development of the following groups of standards: general purpose (terms and definitions, information protection issues, data presentation formats); harmonized (adapted international) and sectoral. Among the latter, in particular, are standards in the field of AI in medicine, transport, industry, agriculture, education.

In general, the plan involves the development of about 170 standards during 2021-2025.

Such a large number of standards is due to the fact that about 70-80% of them are metrological. That is, standards that establish unified methods for measuring the characteristics of specific application systems that solve problems in various industries. For example, in agriculture - management in technology, sorting products, quality control and others, - explained TAdviser Sergey Garbuk.

PwC: Russia will introduce an artificial intelligence tax

In a study published on June 19, 2020, the consulting company PwC announced the possible introduction of an artificial intelligence tax in Russia. This is expected to happen in 2030.

The study surveyed 160 managers of IT companies, consulting, departments engaged in innovation implementation and development, as well as digital transformation. Most respondents expressed confidence that artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies will lead to the greatest changes in companies.

Consulting company PwC announced the possible introduction of an artificial intelligence tax in Russia

Community manager of Digital Leader Alexei Sidorin believes that following the licensing and assessment of the real impact on society, they can introduce a tax on artificial intelligence, which will be collected from organizations using this technology, in particular from those who replace their employees with it. In this case, the state will be able to redistribute the funds received in favor of employees who have lost their jobs so that they can master other skills.

Sidorin recalled that by June 2020, attempts to regulate the use of artificial intelligence are already visible, for example, the US authorities accuse Facebook and Google of allowing the algorithms of these Internet players to influence the choice of citizens during the last presidential campaign.

Yevgeny Kolesnikov, director of the Jet Infosystems Machine Learning Center, calls the introduction of an AI tax a likely scenario, while Maxim Eremenko, senior managing director of the competence development department for research on Sberbank data, considers such an innovation unlikely.

If you follow the idea that artificial intelligence technologies are a new "electricity," or draw an analogy with any other extracted resource, then, probably, you can introduce a tax on its production, but there is no point in introducing a tax on the use of these technologies in products and services , - he noted.^[2]

Yuri Vizilter, GosNIIAS: The Russian AI market is being stimulated today, more by curiosity than mass demand

Russian artificial intelligence There are many expectations associated with the systems market: from the rapid growth of domestic innovative technologies to a powerful wave of practical implementations based on the most advanced innovative developments. How the successes of technologies form these expectations, and how they then "land" on the practical ground of real implementations, TAdviser said Yuri Vizilter, head of the intellectual analysis data and technical vision division (State Research Institute of Aviation Systems FSUE GosNIIAS), Doctor of Science, Professor. RAS More. here

The concept of legal regulation of AI and robotics has been created

On April 21, 2020, Digital Economy announced that its working group, Regulatory Regulation of the Digital Environment, approved the concept of legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. The authors of the concept expect that on the basis of the document, by 2024 in Russia, regulations will be developed and adopted in these areas that create a comfortable regulatory environment for the development of relevant technologies.

By April 31, 2020, the organization will send a document to the Ministry of Economic Development, after which the department will submit the concept for approval to the federal executive authorities (FOIV). The ANO "Digital Economy" suggests that the document will be sent to everyone without exception by the FNIV, since the activities of each of them are related to AI and robotics.

We have to go through a unique path in the transformation of Russian law, in its adaptation to the interaction and relations that arise between man and machines and machines and machines. This must be done in a short time, guided not only by technocratic, but also by humanistic principles, the focus of which is on the interests of a person and his basic values, - said the head of the working group "Regulatory Regulation of the Digital Environment" ANO "Digital Economy," Vice President for Interaction with Public Authorities and Public Relations MTSUSLAN Ibragimov.

Objectives of the concept

The text of the concept as of April 21 has not yet been published, but TAdviser managed to get acquainted with it. The compilers of the document proceed from the fact that in Russia there is still no special legislative regulation that takes into account the specifics of the use of AI technologies and robotics, while in a number of countries there is already a primary legal regulation of their application.

The concept proceeds from the fact that for the development of technologies of artificial intelligence and robotics it is necessary to create a regulatory environment that is comfortable for their development and implementation, based on a balance of interests of society, the state, companies-developers of relevant systems, as well as consumers of their goods, works, services. However, ideas about this balance differ significantly. In this regard, the concept leaves open and requiring further discussion some of the most controversial issues, but can serve as a tool for achieving a convergence of the interests of society, the state and business in the field under consideration in the coming years, the concept says.

The purpose of the document is to determine the main approaches to the transformation of regulatory regulation in Russia for such a development of AI technologies and robotics that would not violate the rights of citizens and ensure the safety of the person, society and the state.

The document is also aimed at creating the prerequisites for the formation of the foundations of legal regulation of new social relations, which are developing in connection with the development and use of AI technologies and robotics and systems based on them. Another goal of the concept is to identify legal barriers to the development and application of these systems.

The authors of the concept expect that on the basis of the document by 2024 in Russia in the fields of artificial intelligence and robotics, regulatory acts will be developed and adopted that create a comfortable regulatory environment for the development of relevant technologies. (photo - ourworld.co)

The priority goal of regulating relations in the field of AI and robotics, according to the concept, is to stimulate their development, implementation and use.

Taking into account the economic and social significance of the use of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies in various areas, their development and operation should not be limited to regulatory measures, with the exception of cases associated with a high risk of harm to the life and health of citizens, the country's defense and state security, the concept says.

To develop specific regulatory decisions, according to the authors of the document, it is necessary to use a risk-oriented approach. It is based on an assessment of the size of potential harm to certain values, which takes into account the likelihood of its onset in comparison with the potential positive effect of the introduction of AI technologies and robotics. The very fact of using the relevant systems should not be the basis for establishing regulatory restrictions.

The development of regulation developed and implemented by market participants (self-regulation) should be supported, including the adoption and use of documents of the national standardization system, codes (codes) of ethical rules, standards and other documents of self-regulatory organizations, as well as other instruments, the concept notes.

Industry-wide regulatory tasks

The document outlines the industry-wide tasks of regulating the use of AI and robotics technologies. They include:

creation of mechanisms for simplified implementation of products using these technologies;

The authors of the concept note the need to create an opportunity to use a special testing mechanism (experimental operation) and the subsequent introduction of solutions in the field of AI and robotics.

Such a mechanism, in turn, should allow timely and effective implementation of developments without excessive administrative procedures that do not take into account their specifics and without adjusting all applicable legislation, with the necessary level of security and control on the part of state bodies, the concept says.

legal liability in case of application of appropriate systems;

According to the authors of the document, the real level of development of AI technologies and robotics does not imply drastic changes in the regulation of the institution of legal responsibility, but requires gradual refinement of its individual elements. It is necessary to further study the mechanisms of civil law, criminal, administrative responsibility in the event of harm by systems based on these technologies that have a high degree of autonomy in making decisions. In particular, it is necessary to determine the circle of persons who will be responsible for their actions, improvements.

In addition, for a number of cases, it is necessary to work out the mechanisms of guilt-free civil liability, as well as the use of various methods to compensate for the harm caused by the actions of AI systems and robotics.

Also, if there is a real risk of violation of the rights and freedoms of citizens, it may be relevant to work out the issue of the conditions for self-identification of the artificial intelligence system in direct interaction with a person, the concept says.

improving the data circulation regime;

The authors of the document draw attention to the feasibility of adapting data legislation, dictated by the need to increase their availability and quality. This adaptation shall ensure that:

favorable legal conditions for the safe and responsible access of developers of AI systems and robotics to data and the safe and responsible exchange of various types of them, including the information that is collected by government bodies and medical organizations;
special conditions (regimes) for access to data, including personal data, in order to conduct scientific research, train AI and develop technological solutions based on them, as well as legal conditions for organizing identification using appropriate technologies.

improvement of the mode of export of AI systems and robotics;

Measures restricting exports should be applied only in areas directly affecting national security interests. It is necessary to avoid the formation of a "double circuit" of regulation, in which Russian developers will be forced to invest in the development of such products separately for the Russian and international markets, the concept says.

development of insurance institutions;

According to the authors of the document, in Russia there is uncertainty in the order and very possibility of applying existing insurance institutions to relations involving robots and AI and robotics systems. The lack of special provisions in this regard either makes it impossible to insure these systems, or makes it unreasonably expensive.

It is necessary to determine the cases and conditions of compulsory liability insurance for harm caused by the use of robots or artificial intelligence systems and robotics, including as alternatives to other regulatory tools, the authors of the concept say.

It is necessary to determine the cases and conditions of compulsory liability insurance for harm caused by the use of robots or artificial intelligence systems and robotics, the authors of the concept note. (photo - naked-science.ru)

development and clarification of terms and definitions;

The lack of an unambiguous understanding of the content of the terms "artificial intelligence," "robot," "smart robot," "robotics," "intellectual agent" leads to terminological problems in the formation of regulation, the concept notes. At the same time, given the application nature of these technologies in different fields, it may be necessary to formulate different definitions depending on the industry of application of the relevant technologies.

For this reason, during the time period considered in the concept, it is proposed, if possible, to avoid introducing into Russian legislation a single legal definition for all industries of such terms as "artificial intelligence," "robot," "smart robot," "robotics," "intellectual agent." At the same time, it is extremely important during this period to carry out work on the construction and harmonization of the ontology of the subject area by the expert community and specialized technical committees under Rosstandart. Where necessary for the purpose of determining the subject of regulation of specific regulatory acts, it is proposed to use the definitions contained in the standardization documents.

Ensuring security, including information;

According to the authors of the concept, the current legislation, as a rule, already contains general requirements for the safety of products, including goods, works and services, however, taking into account the development of AI technologies and robotics, such requirements in some cases should be clarified. For example, for certain categories of robots or systems, the degree of risk of their use may be regulatory legal acts, standards and documents of self-regulatory and other organizations established specific safety requirements.

development of regulatory legal acts in the field of AI and robotics at the international level;

The authors of the document note the need to ensure that the interests of Russia, its citizens and representatives of domestic companies are taken into account in the formation of international regulation in this area, as well as the integration of Russia into the international market in terms of the universality of legal regulation and the use of basic international principles. This, according to experts, implies the active involvement of representatives of the Russian Federation in the development of relevant international documents, primarily in the Council of Europe, the United Nations (UN) and its specialized institutions.

creation of regulatory conditions for the application of AI systems when making legally significant decisions;

The authors of the concept are confident in the need to identify and analyze areas in which limited use of AI systems is allowed when making legally significant decisions, drawing up a list of such areas, as well as preparing proposals for adjusting relevant regulatory legal acts.

At the same time, at least during the time period considered in the concept, legislation should allow only point "delegation" of certain solutions to artificial intelligence systems, where it is objectively, expedient and does not pose a threat to the life and health of citizens. To implement individual elements of "delegation," an instrument of experimental legal regimes can be actively used, the concept notes.

offering AI and robotics systems as a commodity/work/service that meets the personal and family needs of consumers;

To solve this problem, the authors of the document consider it expedient to take such measures as:

1) clarification in some cases of the approach to confirming and assessing the conformity of products when introducing artificial intelligence and robotics systems into it;

2) clarification of the need and possible cases of introduction into those systems of artificial intelligence and robotics that can potentially cause harm, functional features that ensure, for example, the consumer's ability to stop the activities of the artificial intelligence system in a critical situation ("red button") and/ensure the recording of facts that allow establishing the circumstances of causing harm ("black box");

3) stimulating the development and consolidation by developers and manufacturers of relevant systems of ethical standards in the field of information processing, conscientious information about the main functional features of artificial intelligence and robotics systems, the introduction of voluntary certification systems for compliance with such standards;

4) determination of consumer rights in case of their disagreement with the terms of licensing and other agreements governing, in particular, the use by the consumer of goods with an artificial intelligence system.

At least during the time period considered in the concept, legislation should allow only point "delegation" of certain solutions to artificial intelligence systems, where it is objectively, expedient and does not pose a threat to the life and health of citizens. (photo - cdnimg.rg.ru)

improvement of the system of technical regulation and conformity assessment;

The authors of the concept note that there are a number of technical standards in the field of robotics in Russia, but regulatory and technical regulation in the field of AI is just beginning to form. To ensure the reliability, reliability and interoperability of solutions in this area, it is necessary to create a modern system of regulatory and technical regulation in this area, experts say and talk about specific initiatives that need to be taken in this direction.

improving the procedure for protecting the rights to the results of intellectual activity.

The authors of the concept believe that the existing legal regime does not provide legal protection for the results of the activities of AI systems obtained without the creative contribution of a person. The potential "non-susceptibility" of the results of activities obtained using such systems, according to experts, may discourage their development and implementation.

In this regard, it is necessary to develop approaches to the most controversial issues. In particular, to determine whether it is appropriate to expand the interpretation of the concept of creative contribution and/or otherwise provide legal protection for such results as intellectual property. If appropriate, who should be a subject of intellectual rights, in what mode and with what possible exemptions legal protection should be provided.

Another aspect of the problem is the need to improve the procedure for securing the rights to the results of intellectual activity created using artificial intelligence and robotics technologies for the purposes of the fastest and most effective use of rights registration mechanisms, the concept says.

other industry-wide tasks of regulating the use of AI and robotics technologies;

To attract high-level foreign specialists in these areas, according to the authors of the document, it is necessary to provide measures to facilitate their entry and work in Russia. It is also appropriate to include digital literacy programs in general education programs in order to increase public confidence in AI technologies.

To introduce educational programs in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics, it is necessary to work out the issue of clarifying the rules for licensing training in programs using remote technologies, creating experimental educational programs, the concept says.

Industry-wide regulation and financial incentives

The concept also details the necessary regulatory initiatives related to the use of AI and robotics in such areas as:

medicine;
public administration;
transport;
urban planning;
"smart city";
finance;
Industry;
space activities;

As key tasks for the development of legislation necessary in general for the use of AI and robotics, the authors of the concept indicate the following:

creation of a mechanism for prompt identification of local industry regulatory barriers;

development of a mechanism for coordinating the powers of state authorities in the event of a "intersection" of their powers, in particular by allocating an independent function in public administration to develop and implement policies in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies;

creation of a mechanism for rapid removal of emerging industry barriers, for example, through the introduction of an experimental regulation regime, a local "regulatory guillotine."

In addition, the concept details regulatory measures to financially stimulate the development of the industry.

In Russia, there are no system measures to support companies specializing in the development of technologies and systems of artificial intelligence and robotics. Existing common support measures are fragmentary and difficult to administer, information about the possibility and procedure of their application is not communicated to stakeholders in a systematic way. It is necessary to assess the feasibility and, based on the results of such an assessment, work out support measures in three areas: stimulating supply, stimulating demand, developing public-private partnership.

For each of the three directions, the authors of the concept provide a specific list of support measures.

2019

Companies' investments in AI in Russia reached $172.5 million - IDC

Russian companies in 2019 invested $172.5 million in the development of artificial intelligence, IDC analysts said without specifying the dynamics regarding 2018. They only noted that spending in Europe on such technologies was much higher - more than $7 billion.

Most (48%) of these expenses fell on servers used to implement AI algorithms. 24% of costs were IT services, 14% - AI applications, 6% - storage systems, 4% each - AI software platforms and business services.

Investitsii rossyskikh kompany in iskusstvennyy intellekt to itogam 2019 sostavili $172.5 million

Representatives of the financial sector invest the most in artificial intelligence: 41% of investments in 2019 fell on them. Following are such industries as production (16%), wholesale and retail trade (14%), the public sector (6%) and the rest of the markets (23%).

According to analysts, in the financial sector, the most popular were solutions for investigating fraud and threat analysis and prevention systems, automated customer support, as well as analysis of structured and unstructured information, forecasting, checking documents for errors, etc. In process production, automatic predictive maintenance, quality control management and recommendation systems were in demand. In wholesale and retail to trade , most companies need customer service solutions and recommendation systems.

Artificial intelligence allows the state to provide cybersecurity and emergency response, and digital consultants will also be useful for interacting with citizens.

IDC considered a total of 27 scenarios for using artificial intelligence and conditionally divided them into three groups of creating new products, optimizing operations and changing user experience.^[3]

Rosstandart approved the first standards in the field of AI

The Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart) approved in December 2019 the first national standards in the field of artificial intelligence - GOST R 58776-2019 "Means of monitoring behavior and predicting people's intentions. Terms and definitions "and GOST R 58777-2019" Air transport. Airports. Inspection equipment. Methodology for determining the quality of recognition of illegal attachments from shadow X-ray images. "

The standard is designed to ensure effective communication of intelligent robotic systems (including unmanned vehicles) with humans. The interaction of intelligent systems consists in predicting each other's intentions and determining further actions based on this forecast. Behaviour prediction can also be used to identify people with criminal intent.

The second adopted standard, GOST R 58777-2019, establishes uniform requirements for systems and algorithms for recognizing illegal contents of luggage and hand luggage from X-ray images. The standard will also improve the reliability of the test results of systems and algorithms.

The standards were developed by St. Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great and come into force on September 1, 2020.

A consortium of developers of electronics and hardware systems for AI has been created in Russia

GC "Element," NTC "Module" and GC "Hi-Tech" created a consortium to jointly promote interests in the field of artificial intelligence. TAdviser was informed about this on December 13, 2019 in "Element." The agreement is aimed at supporting the national strategy for the development of artificial intelligence until 2030 and the federal project "Development of technologies in the field of artificial intelligence."

GC "Element" is an association of Russian microelectronics enterprises, including Semiconductor Device Factory the "Novosibirsk Semiconductor Device Plant with a Special Design Bureau" ("NZPP with OKB Research Institute of Molecular Electronics (NIIME)"),,,. "Research Institute of Electronic Technology" ("NIIET") "Research Institute of Microelectronic Equipment" Progress "(" NIIMA "Progress") The association was formed in 2019. Founders - (50% AFK Sistema), State Corporation (50 Rostec %). CEO -. Ilya Ivantsov

NTC "Module" is a Russian electronics manufacturer. The company produces integrated microcircuits, aircraft and aircraft equipment, hardware and software systems for image recognition. It was founded in 1990. The general director of the enterprise is Andrey Adamov. In 2018, the company's revenue amounted to 2.4 billion rubles.

Hi-Tech Group provides a range of services for the creation of corporate systems, provides design, supply, installation, comprehensive integration and service maintenance of telecommunication IT solutions. It was founded in 2013. The founders of the company, according to the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, are Adam Beziev (30%), Yuri Mesropov (30%), Olga Ilyagueva (30%), Sergey Chernykh (10%). Chairman of the Board of Directors of Hi-Tech - Nikolai Ivenev. The company's revenue in 2017 is 634 million rubles. In 2018 - 1.5 billion rubles.

The main goal of creating a consortium, according to Nikolai Ivenev, is to form cooperation that produces ready-made solutions for artificial intelligence problems that can compete with foreign counterparts.

It is also important that in matters related to the use of AI in critical infrastructure, the key role is played by the presence of a trusted element base, that is, neural processors developed and produced in Russia, - Nikolai Ivenev pointed out to TAdviser.

In addition, as TAdviser said in Element, by joint efforts, the consortium members will create an effective ecosystem for training neural networks and develop strategies for providing the Russian market with domestic hardware solutions based on artificial intelligence that will reduce the country's dependence on foreign manufacturers.

The goal of the consortium is to release ready-made solutions for artificial intelligence problems that can compete with foreign counterparts, - said Nikolai Ivenev

Also, the consortium will develop the necessary industry of changes in Russian legislation, other important documents and the organization of events, the purpose of which will be to bring the position of its participants to the legislative authorities.

We want to create the most comfortable conditions for the development of Russian microelectronics in the field of artificial intelligence - to provide access to the knowledge base, create a common "roadmap," organize a free exchange of developments. Each participant in the consortium has its own reserve in some segment - memory, processors, etc. Therefore, we do not exclude the possibility that the consortium will contribute to the unification of these elements in commercially oriented products, - noted in "Element."

Nikolay Ivenev pointed out to TAdviser that thanks to an open discussion platform organized on the basis of the consortium, its participants will be able to receive information about the current developments of the companies included in the consortium in order to further integrate and cooperate.

All participants of the consortium will also have access to current market analytics, will be able to receive feedback from large customers, which, in our opinion, will improve the quality and competitiveness of products, - said Nikolai Ivenev.

The consortium sees its first task as consolidating the positions of industry companies on a number of important issues for it and defining the "rules of the game." As noted in the "Element," this is necessary in order for the interests of the industry to begin to be taken into account when implementing federal projects related to artificial intelligence. Among the priority activities of the consortium planned for the end of 2019, the organization of the consortium's participation in the intersectoral alliance for the development of artificial intelligence.

As of December 2019, according to Nikolai Ivenev, the consortium members are negotiating the creation of a number of prototypes of "smart" devices based on artificial intelligence for the needs of medicine, industrial safety, as well as control of a basic anti-submarine aircraft (BPS).

The "Element" told TAdviser about who the consortium is ready to accept into its ranks in the future.

As new participants, we expect those companies with which we are already actively working, and many others, from startups to major players in the software and hardware solutions market. The main requirement: to have developments in the field of artificial intelligence and a desire to promote the interests of the industry, - explained in the "Element."

VTsIOM: Half of Russian business does not want to introduce artificial intelligence

About 43% of Russian businesses do not use artificial intelligence in their work and do not plan to do so. At the same time, 91% of business representatives are aware of the existence of such technologies, 31% are already using them in their work, and another 23% are going to introduce artificial intelligence in the future.

These conclusions were reached by the Project Office for the Implementation of the National Program "Digital Economy" of the Analytical Center under the Government of Russia and the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM), which published the results of a study of the attitude of Russian business to artificial intelligence. The survey was conducted by telephone interview among 800 representatives of small, medium and large businesses in October 2019.

Business refuses to use artificial intelligence for various reasons. Approximately 37% of respondents reported that such technologies do not need their companies, another 28% said that they are not needed in their field of activity. About 11% admitted that they do not have knowledge about the relevant technologies, and 8% noted that they do not want to implement them due to the high cost. Another 6% refuse to implement because they have a small company, and 4% because such technologies are poorly developed in Russia. About 4% simply do not trust modern technologies and prefer human labor.

The head of the Project Office for the Implementation of the National Program "Digital Economy" of the Analytical Center under the Government of Russia Vladimir Mesropyan names three reasons for the refusal of business from artificial intelligence technologies. The first is the lack of visual cases that prove the effectiveness of these technologies. The second is the lack of mass products and affordable solutions in this area. Now the market has mainly elite solutions, and only large companies can afford them. The third reason is the lack of competencies in the market.

About 69% of respondents reported a shortage of qualified specialists in the field of artificial intelligence. Among companies that have not yet implemented such technologies, but are already planning to do so, such statements are heard from 83% of respondents. But only 28% of companies intend to spend funds on training their employees in this profile in the next 2-3 years.

Of those companies that have already implemented artificial intelligence, approximately 82% report its effectiveness. About 20% note that it has a positive effect on the speed of work, and 14% that it has become easier and more convenient to work with it. Another 12% noted the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in solving certain problems, and 10% - its positive role in automating processes and minimizing errors.

Approximately 8% of respondents to this group noted that the introduction of artificial intelligence had a positive effect on the company's profits. About 6% reported that the effectiveness of the implementation was not maximum, and that these technologies could fail and fail.

Approximately 42% of companies that already use or plan to introduce artificial intelligence in the future believe that the risk that these technologies will not pay for themselves in the next 5-10 years is quite small.

Market growth 48.2% to $139.3 million - IDC

In November 2019, IDC analysts published the results of a study of the Russian artificial intelligence (AI) market.

Experts expect that in 2019 the volume of sales of solutions using AI technologies will reach $139.3 million, which is 48.2% higher than a year ago.

49% of the costs in the AI market come from investments in computing power for processing and storing large amounts of data. 28% is software costs. IDC expects these investments to more than double by 2023 due to the growth of applications using artificial intelligence technologies.

23% of the Russian market for AI solutions falls on business and IT services. AI implementation services are often provided by internal resources. 68% of respondents noted that the introduction of cognitive technologies and AI requires a thorough knowledge of business processes in the company and industry specifics, so they do not use the services of third-party consultants.

The study participants identified two main tasks that they see solving using cognitive technologies and AI systems:

84% - increase in employee productivity;
81% - Lower costs and improve productivity in key business processes.

38% of companies noted that they use AI technologies in intelligent data processing automation solutions. 26% of business representatives use AI technology to create digital assistants for employees working with information.

30% of Russian companies surveyed by IDC announced the use of AI solutions, and 70% reported plans to introduce the technology within two years. It is expected that business spending on such developments will increase by about 30% per year.

Approval by the President of the Russian Federation of the national strategy for the development of AI until 2030

Russian President Vladimir Putin approved the national strategy for the development of artificial intelligence for the period until 2030. The corresponding decree was published on the official Internet portal of legal information on October 11, 2019.

The President also instructed the Russian government to develop the federal project "Artificial Intelligence" by December 15, which will be included in the national program "Digital Economy."

The strategy for the development of artificial intelligence was discussed on May 30 at a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin. Then Deputy Prime Minister Maxim Akimov proposed to allocate the roadmap developed by Sberbank for the development of artificial intelligence into a separate federal project.^[4]

Meeting on artificial intelligence at Putin. Main thing

On May 30, 2019, Vladimir Putin held a meeting on the development of technologies in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). The meeting took place during a visit to School 21, an educational organization established by Sberbank to train specialists in the field of information technology. Read more here.

Establishment of the Technical Committee for Standardization of AI

On May 21, 2019, it became known that Russian venture capital company the Technical Committee for Standardization (RVC) will start working at the base (RVC) artificial intelligence(). AI His area of responsibility will be issues related to the regulatory and technical regulation of the applied use of AI technologies. More here

Named the most common types of AI solutions in Russia

The study "Digital Economics from Theory to Practice: How Russian Business Uses AI," conducted by RAEC and HSE with the support of Microsoft, showed that the most commonly used type of AI-based solutions in Russia are virtual assistants: 38% of managers and leading specialists use them. Predictive analysis (35%) and machine learning (35%) were in second place, Microsoft told TAdviser on April 25, 2019.

At the same time, 39% of respondents noted that in the five-year term, their companies plan to introduce predictive analysis, and 34% - image analysis. 33% of respondents plan to use virtual assistants and processing requests in a natural language. It is also expected that within 5 years the use of AI will show explosive growth in two areas: self-driving mechanisms, for example, unmanned vehicles (from 9% to 24%) and robotics (from 8% to 17%).

Respondents cited customer/partner/investor satisfaction (34%), achievement of expected return on investment, ROI (33%) and quality of products and services (27%) as the main criteria for assessing AI implementation.

The majority of respondents noted that in their companies artificial intelligence is used in the field of research and development (R&D) - 41%, as well as in working with clients (for example, for personalization) - 32% and customer service - 31%. The smallest number of specialists uses artificial intelligence in legal processes (5%), in pricing and promotion (6%), in finance and accounting (6%).

Russian experts name marketing and advertising, retail, banking, telecommunications and the industrial complex as leading sectors in the implementation and use of AI. Depending on the industry, the way AI is applied also varies. In industry, these are most often advisory systems for making technological decisions and improving the safety of production, in retail trade - this is solving logistics problems, studying the behavior of buyers, and in banks AI is used to form individual proposals, increase the effectiveness of targeting.

As the main advantages of using AI, more than half (58%) of the surveyed Russian experts named the optimization of business processes, slightly less - 49% - highlighted the development of new products and services, and 41% after the introduction of AI expect an increase in labor productivity. 33% of respondents expect to improve the quality of products and services as a result of the introduction of AI, and 32% - to improve interaction with customers.

More than 90% of experts surveyed believe that in 2019-2024, AI will affect economic growth, labor productivity and innovative development. Also, a significant impact of artificial intelligence on the creation of jobs is expected (namely, the emergence of new professions, changes in requirements for professions, etc.) - 69%. 50% of experts call data management (data collection, analytics, interpretation) the main industrial challenges to the development of AI in Russia, and they also include the presence and qualification of specialists - 37% and the need to change existing business models - 27%.

For several years now, RAEK analysts have been studying, describing and measuring the effects of digitalization and implementing their own large-scale program in the direction of "digital transformation of business, public administration, and the social sphere." At the end of 2018, our examination revealed a steady trend: when we talk about digital transformation, the first technology mentioned in this regard is artificial intelligence. One of the reasons for this is probably the widest range of applications of this technology, because artificial intelligence is both virtual assistants, and analytics based on large amounts of data, and face and voice recognition, and robotics, and optimization of business processes, and new advertising technologies, and advisory services, and much, much more. We can safely argue that artificial intelligence is at the heart of most modern technological solutions that form the basis for digital transformation. And that the trend towards increasing the influence of AI on digital transformation (including "traditional," "old school") areas of the economy, industry and public administration will only intensify, - said Sergey Plugotarenko, director of RAEK.

The digitalization of society largely transforms the research sphere, we see this well on the topics of grants received and research carried out - the topics of digitalization, individual tools in the form of big data or face recognition, increasingly appear in social topics, this is a trend. But there is a lack of a fundamental approach for systems analysis. The presented study, thanks to a multi-stage methodology, made it possible to generalize the foreign and Russian experience in using artificial intelligence, illustrate this with the cases of Russian companies thanks to expert interviews and confirm with survey data representatives of Russian companies that already use AI tools, "said Olga Logunova, associate professor of sociology at the Higher School of Economics.

30% of Russian leaders are actively introducing artificial intelligence

On March 5, 2019, Microsoft Corporation announced that Russian leaders are using the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) for business more actively than their foreign colleagues. According to the study "Business Leaders in the Age of AI" (Business Leaders in the Age of AI), 30% of Russian leaders are actively introducing artificial intelligence: on average, this figure is 22.3% worldwide, and for example, in France - only 10%.

Microsoft distinguishes between several stages of using the technology:

0 - waiting;
1 - study;
2 - experiments;
3 - formalization;
4 - integration.

By active implementation, researchers mean an already mature stage in the use of technology. The researchers attributed to the companies that are actively involved in the introduction of AI those organizations where the technology has already become an official part of the corporate strategy, as well as those in which AI is an integral part of the company's structure, the technology is already built into processes, products and services, bringing value to the entire business - stages 3 and 4, respectively. It is in these mature stages that Russia leads.

Among the main priorities for using AI were:

setting the right goals (32%),
development of business ideas (26%),
identification of market opportunities (25%)
decision-making (23%).

Russian executives ranked second in terms of positive attitude towards AI: 73% of directors believe that technology will positively affect their management activities. They also demonstrated a significantly higher willingness to learn and develop skills in the field of AI. 90% of them expressed a desire to get the support of professionals in order to work better and more efficiently with this technology; in the world, this figure is 67.3%. At the same time, 30% of them are ready to allocate time to adapt to modern working conditions. In the world, this figure is only 20.3%.

author '= Dmitry Shushkin, CEO of ABBYY Russia '
We see that interest in solutions based on artificial intelligence from business in Russia has increased significantly over the past year. Thus, in 2018, our revenues from corporate projects using intelligent technologies increased by 63%. More and more heads of banks, energy, oil and gas, telecommunications companies understand that AI is necessary for successful business development. Without smart technology, it's harder to stay competitive in any industry. Large companies trust artificial intelligence to process huge amounts of data, search for information, use technologies to analyze documents, assess risks and make decisions. I am sure that in the next few years most successful companies in Russia will use intelligent solutions in various business processes.

In addition, Russian business leaders are distinguished by a more responsible attitude towards the introduction of technology: 65% of them believe that the responsibility for the ethics of using AI lies with the head of the company. In the world, 53.9% of directors adhere to this point of view.

In addition, as a result of the study, it was possible to identify the connection between the use of artificial intelligence and the growth rate of the company. 40.6% of leaders of fast-growing companies around the world are actively implementing AI, while among slow-growing companies this figure was more than half as much and amounted to only 18.5%. Fast-growing companies also expressed their readiness to introduce AI in the foreseeable future: 93.2% of leaders of such organizations intend to use AI in decision-making within 1-3 years, in slow-growing companies 64% of leaders will do so only within 3-5 years.

author '= Dmitry Khalin, CTO of Microsoft in Russia '
One of the main qualities of the leader is the ability to change and adapt to the modern realities of the market. Artificial intelligence as a technology has tremendous potential for business, and whoever starts its meaningful implementation before others will certainly gain a competitive advantage. In this regard, it is very pleasant to note that it is the Russian leaders, who traditionally differ in a very high level of technological expertise, who were the first to actively introduce AI in the world.

2018

Russian AI technology market reaches 2 billion rubles - Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications

The volume of the Russian market for solutions for artificial intelligence in 2018 reached 2 billion rubles, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications reported in mid-October 2019.

According to the forecasts of the department, by 2024 the costs of such expenses will increase 80 times and will be measured at about 160 billion rubles. And sales of neurotechnologies during this time will rise from 0.1 to 8.2 billion rubles for the same period of time.

The artificial intelligence market in the Russian Federation by 2024 will grow 80 times

It also follows from the document that the share of artificial intelligence in Russian GDP will be 0.8% in 2024 and 3.6% in 2030. The world figure will reach 2.6%. It includes the size of the AI solutions industry, productivity gains in various sectors of the economy , and other factors.

According to experts, the creation of the artificial intelligence technology industry will primarily develop a competitive high-tech industry at the world level. In addition, this will accelerate the development of the digital economy, stimulate the development of IT infrastructure for working with large amounts of data, and also increase the share of domestic software and solutions in the domestic market.

The development of artificial intelligence will significantly improve the situation with health care in the country. The quality of medical services and the accuracy of diagnosis will increase. All this will increase the healthy life expectancy of Russians. The development of artificial intelligence will also improve the situation with education in the Russian Federation: each student will be able to receive an assignment in accordance with his abilities, and teachers and teachers will not have to spend time performing monotonous operations, the Ministry of Communications said in a document.

Artificial intelligence is expected to increase the production and sale of goods and services related to AI: equipment, software and IT consulting services.^[5]

TAdviser review: Artificial Intelligence 2018

Main article: Review: Artificial Intelligence 2018

How artificial intelligence is improving - the main trends and obstacles

Main article: How artificial intelligence is improving - the main trends and obstacles

By 2021 in Russia, the volume of the AI market in industry will amount to $380 million

The volume of the AI market in industry in Russia in monetary terms by 2021 will amount to $380 million. In Russia, by 2019, 1.3 million units of equipment in mechanical engineering and 0.6 million units in process production will be connected to the industrial Internet. This conclusion was reached by the specialists of the company "Figure" and the working group on artificial intelligence of the subcommittee on the digital economy of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, who, on the eve of SPIEF 2018, conducted a study of scientific publications over the past 5 years on projects for the application of AI and the industrial Internet of things around the world. According to them, in total in the world in 2016, up to 1.7 billion units of industrial equipment were connected to IIoT. The ^[6]

According to the study, the most common machine learning methods are used in discrete production (mechanical engineering, aircraft engineering, instrumentation, etc.) - 44%, in process production (metallurgy, chemistry, petrochemistry, oil refining and oil production) - 22%, in the electric power industry - 11%. The remaining 23% of the projects reviewed are at an early stage of development, as a rule, these are scientific works of universities investigating the application of AI methods in new areas for the industrial sector.

To solve IIoT and industrial analytics problems, methods such as multilayer perceptron ((D) MLP) are used - in 14% of cases, support vector method (SVM) - in 14% of cases, ultra-accurate neural networks (CNN) - in 11%.

Most applications of machine learning methods relate to predictive analytics - 26%, and descriptive analytics - 23%. Also, quite often these methods are used in the field of robot control and robotics - 14%.

As the study showed, in discrete production, AI methods are used primarily to increase the life of industrial equipment and increase the efficiency of its maintenance. "Predictive analytics help industrialists get information about the residual resource of industrial assets, and prescriptive analytics also gives recommendations on what needs to be done to prevent malfunctions and prevent accidents," said Pavel Rastopshin, Managing Director of Zyfra.

The second field of application is robotics and robotics, when systems or models are created that are able to train industrial robots to act effectively without human input.

"The first direction optimizes the costs of maintaining the industrial fund to a greater extent, and the second is promising in terms of profit generation. If the first scenario in Russia is possible with the development of equipment monitoring systems and the industrial Internet of Things, then the second direction is not yet so active due to the low robotization of domestic production, "Rastopshin explained.

According to him, process production uses the same scenarios with predictive analytics and prescriptive analytics for more efficient use of equipment as in discrete production. But more promising in terms of influencing the economic performance of the enterprise are systems such as a "digital adviser" for digital control of technological processes. Most of the examples studied are related to product quality control or its prediction. "At the same time, Russia can become one of the leaders in the use of AI in process production (metallurgy, oil and gas, chemistry). It prevails in the structure of Russia's GDP and is more technologically ready for innovation due to the accumulated data array. At the same time, most foreign works consider first of all discrete production, "Rustopshin emphasized.

Experts noted that the most advanced methods, such as the reinforcement training method (a self-learning system where the student receives a "reward" for the most effective algorithm of actions), are practically not used in industry due to novelty and complexity, although they can have a significant effect.

Artificial intelligence is the hottest topic in the Russian IT market

The Moscow Department of Information Technology (DIT) suggests that in 2018 there will be an explosive growth of platforms, systems and mobile applications based on artificial intelligence and neural networks. At the same time, according to DIT, new solutions using AI should be expected not only in existing areas of its application - in the financial sphere, in health care, in transport, but also in fundamentally new ones.

The main problem for the developers of such platforms will remain obtaining a training sample of sufficient volume and quality, as well as possible errors in it, - said TAdviser in DIT.

The general director RT-Inform of "" (part of the state corporation) Rostec Kamil Gazizov also expects a significant jump in development in the field of artificial intelligence. Today, almost all technological leaders are betting on it, he is sure. At the same time, one of the promising areas is the introduction of artificial intelligence in the fight against cyber threats. In 2018, it will be possible to observe an increasing "arms race" between those who protect information and those who hack into systems.

One of the most pressing IT tasks was and remains the information security of the corporation. RT-Inform intends to improve the quality of means and technologies of protection, including using Artificial intelligence, as well as to develop a unified approach to their use at all enterprises, - said Kamil Gazizov in a conversation with TAdviser.

Mikhail Kononov, Director of the Software and Architecture Development Department of Home Credit Bank, believes that in 2018 we can expect more and more participation of machine learning models in the operating processes of companies.

We are actively building a platform for online analytics using ML (machine learning) and DL (deep learning) models in order to better and timely meet customer needs, - says the Director of the Software and Architecture Development Department of Home Credit Bank.

Earlier, Deputy Chairman of the Board of Home Credit Bank Sergey Shcherbakov in an interview with TAdviser mentioned artificial intelligence among the bank's technological priorities. Artificial Intelligence technologies are inseparable from Big Data, since data is the basis on which artificial intelligence technologies can work, he noted. And these two technologies, according to him, are already developing at Home Credit Bank - both independently and in cooperation with fintech companies. In particular, they are used in the process of making credit decisions.

It is worth noting that in the financial industry, interest in artificial intelligence technologies is especially high - many Russian banks have announced the demand and development of these technologies in the company. Sberbank believes that in 5 years 80% of all decisions will be made using artificial intelligence. Alfa-Bank predicts that the industry will actively switch to deserted technologies, and in 3 years customers will communicate with bots in 50% of cases.

In October 2017, Binbank announced plans to launch artificial intelligence technology in working with overdue debts in the retail business^[7]. The program will identify clients who need reminders and advice, as well as those borrowers who, in principle, are useless to call. Thanks to artificial intelligence, Binbank expects to save 1 billion rubles in 2018. The technology in the bank is already used in collection in the early stages of overdue debt.

The demand for artificial intelligence technologies, machine learning was previously voiced by many Russian customers in other industries, including the public sector. Thus, the Federal Tax Service in 2017 began to use artificial intelligence in the personal account of individuals and plans to develop this project in 2018. The new version of the FTS personal account uses a chatbot to help people resolve issues related to tax administration. He will have to be taught to work with a database, which includes about 150 thousand different life situations, the^[8].

Some AI and machine learning projects in Russian business

Click to open a larger image

The head of the IT department of the Federal Property Management Agency, Alexandra Osipova, at the TAdviser SummIT conference in November 2017, among the plans of the department for digitalization, mentioned the use of artificial intelligence elements in the formation of forecasts of federal budget revenues and privatization plans and the use of blockchain technology to organize interaction with other authorities.

At the end of 2017, the Department of Project Activities of the Russian government also proposed to Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev the concept of a new law enforcement system that will use artificial intelligence. As conceived by the authors of the initiative, in typical cases, artificial intelligence could independently generate court decisions and check decisions for errors and corruption^[9].

AI technologies are also interesting to retail. Thus, solutions using "computer vision" for recognizing goods and customers' faces, combined with artificial intelligence, are ready to replicate the Dixy retail chain.

Dmitry Livshits, CEO of Digital Design, believes that customers in 2018 will be in demand for the use of machine learning technologies to automate basic production activities and automate not specific business processes, but tasks at the junction of fundamentally different subject areas that give the customer a competitive advantage, says the CEO of Digital Design.

Abbyy Russia CEO Dmitry Shushkin suggests that in 2018 companies will rely even more on artificial intelligence to support decision-making, improve the quality of customer service and create digital services.

PwC analysts conducted a survey of 2,000 top managers of large companies: today, in strategic matters, managers in 41% of cases rely on analytical data obtained using machine learning technologies. This trend will intensify in 2018, Shushkin is sure.

Most likely, AI will be more actively used in business processes such as managing the company's reputation. AI algorithms will be able to help specialists cope with a large influx of false messages: track such news and identify inaccurate information, Abbyy Russia CEO shared his opinion with TAdviser.

In 2017, personal assistants were actively developing: we saw the birth of Alice Yandex, a Yva task scheduler appeared, new functions were added to Amazon Echo and Alexa. I assume that in 2018 demand will grow for AI to solve larger problems: for example, to process requests for technical and client support for companies, to make decisions on registering or opening customer accounts, to assess investment, technological, managerial or other risks, - notes Dmitry Shushkin.

2017: TAdviser Study: AI Market Size and Development Forecast

According to the results of the study "Current trends in the artificial intelligence and machine learning market" conducted by the TAdviser analytical center and Jet Infosystems (download full report), artificial intelligence market size (AI) and machine learning (ML) in Russia will amount to about 700 million rubles in 2017. and will grow to 28 billion rubles. by 2020. The drivers of this market will be the financial sector, retail and industry.

We initiated this study in order to assess the real state of the domestic AI/ML market: there is still very little public data in this area - Russian companies are in no hurry to talk about technologies that give them a competitive advantage, - comments Vladimir Molodykh, Head of the Software Development and Implementation Directorate of Jet Infosystems. - The results obtained allowed us to make sure that the course we have chosen for the development of the AI/ML direction is correct. Business today shows an increased interest in such implementations, since they allow them to significantly increase profits on existing resources - all with a short (only a few months) payback period.

This conclusion was made based on a survey of representatives of 100 companies operating in Russia - IT managers, heads of digital services/digital transformation departments, affecting IT decision-making. To analyze the global situation, data from various analytical agencies (IDC, Gartner, Markets and Markets, etc.), consulting companies and vendors (PwC, Teradata, SAP, etc.) were used.

In the world, the number of projects in the field of AI and ML in 2015-2017 has grown significantly. If in 2015 only 17 projects completed by large companies were globally announced, then in the first half of 2017 - already 74 projects. In total in 2015-2017. 162 such projects were recorded in 28 countries and 20 industries. In 85% of cases, we are talking about implemented projects, in 15% - about plans or test implementations in all industries, with the exception of government agencies, where the share of test implementations and announcements is estimated at 60%. The main share of customers of such initiatives is large business (85%).

The United States leads in the number of AI/ML projects. This is followed by the UK, where these solutions are often used in large investment banks, as well as India serving this group of customers.

The domestic segment of artificial intelligence and machine learning is still at the initial stage of formation and is significantly inferior in volume to the large AI market of the United States. The practical use of technologies hinders the need for sufficiently high investments in projects with business doubts about their feasibility. Until recently, there was virtually no visual demonstration of the connection of technologies with existing business processes and the possibility of their improvement. At the same time, effective implementations often remain closed, because innovative companies see the results of such projects as sources of additional competitive advantage and are in no hurry to share them.

In addition, some leaders of Russian companies note that business at today's level of automation, on average, is not yet ready to use such tools. A significant barrier to the development of business-oriented AI in Russia is computing power. To activate projects, it is necessary to ensure the appropriate development of a high-performance infrastructure.

Nevertheless, to date, there are already examples of ML implementation in Russia that prove the effectiveness of the use of these technologies and the benefits for business. Thus, in retail, there was an increase in conversion to 15% when using product recommendations based on machine learning, while the number of manual operations can be reduced to 50 times. Several banks surveyed from TOP-5 believe that in 5 years about 80% of all decisions will be made using artificial intelligence and predict that the industry will begin to actively switch to deserted technologies (in 3 years, customers will communicate with bots in 50% of cases). The industrial sector closes the top three in terms of AI implementation, but the percentage of technology penetration in companies from this industry is still at a low level.

The majority of ML organizations surveyed do this in order to reduce costs (72%), as well as to improve the quality of their products or services (68%). In addition, a number of respondents noted that the toolkit is often used by them to resolve security issues. More than half of those surveyed believe AI can provide businesses with new economic benefits.

More than half of the respondents are confident that their AI/ML costs will grow in the next 3-5 years, and about a third of the respondents name the figure at 15-20% per year.

As for the directions of use of AI and ML, the most openly companies talk about the use of bots or speech recognition systems. At the same time, almost all respondents confirm that they are satisfied with the existing quality and functionality of solutions, taking into account the stage of their development. Due to the insufficient level of technology development, as well as the low level of awareness of them, the majority of respondents find it difficult to indicate which AI tools they lack today, appealing mainly to more intelligent search and intelligent marketing. First of all, the surveyed companies are interested in collecting up-to-date statistics on the results of previously implemented implementations. It will become the basis for making decisions about new projects or initiatives in the field of AI.

2016

David Yang launches Findo smart search engine development

Main article: Findo.io - smart search system for documents, files, contacts, mailboxes

In early 2016, David Yang, founder of Abbyy, announced the launch of a new project in the United States - Findo. Findo is an intelligent assistant designed to search for information on the Internet, in the cloud and local files. The unique ability of the assistant is to recognize natural speech (although so far only in English).

Rather "complex" queries can be used to search. For example, Findo is able to work with requests, such as: "find the documents that I edited last Wednesday," "show me the letter that I was sent from Moscow yesterday," etc.

Yandex: Search, Zen and Audiences

Yandex has long been using artificial intelligence technologies in its search engines. In 2016, work is underway to create a neural network that can bring the principle of the search engine to a new revolutionary level. The traditional search algorithm is based on matching the content of the query with the content of the pages being analyzed. Of course, all this is done with some additions and extensions - requests are reformulated, synonyms are added, translated into another language, etc.

In the new approach, each query is assigned a certain vector number that most accurately reflects its meaning. Then the search is carried out by this number. In this case, the request and response may not have a single common word. All that will unite them is the same meaning of the content.

It is worth noting that in the future, images and videos will be able to be translated into a vector number, which, according to Yandex representatives, will significantly expand the boundaries of smart search.

In 2016, Yandex released an updated version of its browser, in which artificial intelligence technologies allow you to personalize search in accordance with the interests of the user. The new service was called "Zen."

"Despite the variety of information on the network, finding something really interesting for yourself is not so easy. Zen solves this problem. In many ways, it looks like a search engine. Only if the search looks for something specific, then Zen responds to a broader query: what is interesting to a particular person. We are confident that in the future all browsers will follow the path of personalization and help users choose content, "- Viktor Lamburt, head of the Yandex.Zen

Zen not only takes into account what users are traditionally interested in, but also analyzes their current preferences. For example, if a person is interested in anatomy, then there will be much more materials related to this topic in his news feed. At the same time, Zen is not limited only to your favorite sites and user preferences. The user may be offered materials from completely unfamiliar sources if Zen considers that they may interest him.

Quite interesting is the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the Yandex.Audience service. This service allows companies to find target customers on the Internet in order to more effectively target advertisements. It is enough to upload a list of clients with phones and/or e-mail addresses to the service, and the system, scanning social networks using artificial intelligence, finds these people on the Internet. Next, you can divide clients into target groups and personalize advertisements for them through Yandex.Direct. For example, you can unobtrusively offer a new product to the target audience, or in the end persuade users to buy an item they have previously been interested in.

2015: Abbyy unveils Compreno technology for enterprise business

Main article: Abbyy Compreno

One of the main achievements of the Russian Abbyy is the Compreno system, which allows you to analyze and understand natural language text. The company's specialists worked on the creation of this system for about 10 years. The project cost amounted to more than $80 million.

1832: Semyon Korsakov invents punched cards and 5 "intelligent machines"

Main article: Research in the field of artificial intelligence

College adviser Semyon Nikolaevich Korsakov (1787-1853) set the task of strengthening the capabilities of the mind through the development of scientific methods and devices, echoing the modern concept of artificial intelligence as a natural amplifier.

In 1832, S.N. Korsakov published a description of five mechanical devices he invented, the so-called "intelligent machines," for the partial mechanization of mental activity in search, comparison and classification tasks. For the first time in the history of computer science, Korsakov used perforated cards in the design of his machines, which played a kind of role as knowledge bases, and the machines themselves were essentially the forerunners of expert systems.

Notes

↑ China spends 350 times more on AI than Russia
↑ and media/19/06/2020/5eeb5bda9a7947386c779ebd PwC predicted the introduction of an artificial intelligence tax
↑ Russian companies invested more than $170 million in AI
↑ The President of the Russian Federation approved the strategy for the development of artificial intelligence
↑ Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications: The artificial intelligence market in the Russian Federation will grow 80 times by 2024
↑ research methodology was based on the analysis of more than 100 scientific publications containing information on the use of artificial intelligence technology and a detailed description of the technology used. The experts came to the attention of projects of research and commercial organizations from 27 countries. The largest percentage of publications are from the United States ( 32%), China ( 12%) and Germany ( 10%). The rest of the countries, including Russia, are represented by point projects.
↑ Artificial intelligence will bring Binbank 1 billion rubles in 2018
↑ Federal Tax Service began to use artificial intelligence to work with individuals
↑ The government proposed to make court decisions using artificial intelligence

Источник — «https://tadviser.com/index.php/Article:Artificial_Intelligence_(Russian_market)»

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