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Russian Academy of Arts (RAH)

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+ Government of the Russian Federation

The Russian Academy of Arts (RAH) is the state academy of sciences of the Russian Federation, the state institution of culture is the branch academy of sciences in the field of fine and decorative arts, architecture, design and art education. As of June 2021, the Russian Academy of Arts is an organization that includes creative, research and museum institutions.

1909: Maria Pavlovna, wife of the third son of Alexander II - Vladimir Alexandrovich headed the Academy after the death of her husband

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, nee Princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the wife of the third son of Alexander II - Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich after the death of her husband in 1909 took the reins of power at the Academy and did not graduate them until the revolution.

Under her, congresses of artists and architects were resumed, a grandiose exhibition "Lomonosov and Elizabethan Time" was held and the construction of the first exhibition hall in Russia for works of modern art, known today as the Benoit building of the Russian Museum, began.

1868: Ivanova-Raevskaya - the first woman to pass the exam for the title of free artist

In 1868, Maria Dmitrievna Ivanova-Raevskaya managed to pass the academic exam for the title of free artist. And only a few years later, the ladies were admitted to the Academy as a volunteer. They became full-fledged students only in 1893.

Until the last decades of the 19th century, in order to get a full-fledged education in the field of painting or sculpture, Russian women had to go abroad. As a rule, to Paris, where in many there were private schools open to everyone.

1854: Sofya Sukhovo-Kobylina - the first woman to receive the gold medal of the Academy for landscapes

In 1854, Sofya Sukhovo-Kobylina, the younger sister of the illustrious playwright, became the first woman to receive an Academy gold medal for her landscapes.

1852: Nicholas I's daughter Maria heads the Academy after the death of her spouse

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, daughter of Nicholas I, in 1852 replaced her deceased wife, Prince Maximilian of Leuchtenberg, as president of the Academy. A subtle connoisseur of art, the owner of a wonderful collection of paintings and sculptures, she headed the Academy for 24 years. Under her, a new charter was adopted, returning the teaching of public subjects, part of the premises of the main building was rebuilt, the academic collection was systematized. Maria Nikolaevna obtained payments from the treasury to encourage the activities of the academy and from her funds annually paid prizes to young artists for the best works.

1842: The beginning of teaching girls to draw

Vocational education for women became available only in the late 30s of the XIX century, when drawing classes for girls were opened at the Imperial Society for the Promotion of Arts.

A few years later, girls and young ladies were allowed to attend classes at the St. Petersburg Drawing School for Volunteers, where classes were taught by teachers of the Academy of Arts. But if young men after graduation received the right to enter this prestigious educational institution, then this road was closed for girls.

The image of nudity, which was a mandatory educational discipline, remained for them under the strictest ban both for religious and moral reasons. As "compensation," the artists were given the right to participate in academic competitions.