National Research Center Kurchatov Institute Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy
Since 1943
Russia
Central Federal District of the Russian Federation
Moscow
Academician Kurchatov Square, 1
Assets | Owners |
+ National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy) |
Institute of Atomic Energy named after I.V. Kurchatov. The Kurchatov Institute was founded in 1943, and was transformed into a scientific center in 1991. The Center is directly subordinate to the Government of Russia and is not part of the Russian Academy of Sciences and industry ministries.
History
2023
Development of special polymers for rapid bone repair
In mid-December 2023, the Kurchatov Institute announced the creation of polymer materials that can be used to restore bones after fractures. Thanks to the new technology, doctors will be able to create biocompatible implants for bone repair.
The project is being implemented by a group of scientists from the Institute of High Molecular Compounds, Research Center "Kurchatov Institute." As told TASS in the university, the modification of new materials allows you to stimulate the growth of cells of the surrounding tissues and the formation of new connections with bone. After some time, such implants completely dissolve, and new tissue replaces defects.
The head of the institute's laboratory, Yevgeny Korzhikov-Vlakh, stressed that these properties of the material contribute to the natural restoration of bone tissue. According to experts, their development will be useful in cases where it is necessary to restore significant volumes of bone tissue in patients.
As noted in the Kurchatov Institute, diseases requiring the restoration of lost bone tissue remain a big problem for medicine by 2023. Often lost or affected bone fragments are replaced by autografts, that is, the recipient's own tissues. This approach is good because a fully compatible tissue is transplanted into the patient. However, the use of "native" materials has a number of significant limitations: these are additional surgical operations that the patient must endure, and the inability to remove a large volume of his own bone tissue. Therefore, doctors are increasingly preferring artificial implants. The "dream" of doctors is to find the ideal biocompatible material and a way to replenish bone defects with it. The Kurchatov Institute approached the fulfillment of such a "dream."[1]
Joining the Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics
Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed an order to join the Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics (IPPM RAS, Zelenograd) to the Kurchatov Institute National Research Center. The corresponding document was published on October 13, 2023. Read more here.
Creation of technology for cheap storage of spent nuclear fuel
Russia has created a technology for cheap storage of spent nuclear fuel. The new development at the end of August 2023 was told at the Kurchatov Institute. Read more here.
Accession of FNIC "Crystallography and Photonics" of RAS to institute
In July 2023, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed an order according to which the Federal Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences will become part of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute." Read more here.
Creation of a new class of materials based on silicon and germanium for nanoelectronics
Scientists at the Kurchatov Institute have created a new class of functional materials based on silicon and germanium, which can become the basis for the creation of new nanoelectronics and spintronics devices. The university told about this on July 10, 2023.
The researchers developed layered structures whose properties depend on the number of monolayers. Their creation was made possible by the development of an original synthesis method using precursors based on silicene and hermenene. The materials show a wide range of properties - from magnetism with high mobility of charge carriers to superconductivity, the developers said.
According to them, integration with the semiconductor platform is provided when silicon and germanium substrates are used as reagents, silicene was used as a precursor in the first case, and germene in the second.
 | Our approach made it possible to create whole classes of new materials with various functional properties, - said Andrei Tokmachev, project manager, leading researcher at the laboratory of new nanoelectronics elements of the Kurchatov complex of NBIX-nature-like technologies. |  |
Thus, the SrAlSi thin film material on the silicon substrate exhibits superconducting properties even with a thickness of several monolayers. Transport and magnetic measurements made it possible to detect the transition from three-dimensional superconductivity to two-dimensional.
And EuAl2Ge2 and SrAl2Ge2 materials are primarily interesting for the high mobility of charge carriers. It is especially worth noting that until recently, high carrier mobility and magnetism were considered mutually exclusive properties, however, the layered structure of the EuAl2Ge2 provided an opportunity for their coexistence in one material.
| | In our opinion, the superconductivity and magnetism of these materials make it possible to significantly expand the capabilities when creating nanoelectronics devices, "Tokmachev added.[2] | |
Receiving 8.8 billion for the development of genetic technologies
In mid-June 2023, the Russian Government allocated 8.8 billion rubles for the development of genetic technologies. National Research Center (NRC) Kurchatov Institute. The funds will go to the development of scientific laboratories, as well as world-class genomic research centers.
In June 2023, the Russian government updated the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies in Russia from 2019 to 2030. According to the document, the number of research infrastructure facilities created and modernized under the program, including genomic research centers, is increasing from 65 to 80. Among the items in the program, the Government of the Russian Federation pays special attention to supporting projects of scientists under the age of 39.
Since the beginning of 2019, several scientific institutions have already been directly involved in the creation of genomic centers in medicine, and in February 2023, the Russian Government added the Kurchatov Institute to them.
Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed the government to create a base for the Genomic Center, and in January 2022 he instructed the Government of the Russian Federation and the National Research Center of the Kurchatov Institute to consider the need for thematic changes in regulatory acts. Thus, the number of drugs developed using genetic research in the Russian Federation should increase from 20 in 2023 to 36 by 2030.
The program for the development of genetic technologies in Russia provides for the creation of world-class genome research centers, the creation of a scientific and technical base for medicine, the development of gene editing technologies, as well as the improvement of the system for preventing and eliminating the consequences of biological emergencies in the country. In March 2023, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the Federal Scientific Technological Program and signed a decree extending it from 2019-2027. until 2019-2030
Translation under the scientific leadership of the Russian Academy of Sciences
The National Research Center (NRC) "Kurchatov Institute" has been transferred to the scientific and methodological leadership of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). This became known on March 27, 2023.
The corresponding government decree was signed by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin. The document makes changes to the charter of the NIC, it says the following:
| | The scientific and scientific and methodological management of the Center's activities is carried out by the federal state budgetary institution "Russian Academy of Sciences." | |
The President of the Russian Academy of Sciences Gennady Krasnikov announced the possible transfer under the scientific and methodological leadership of the RAS of the Kurchatov Institute in early February at a meeting of the Presidential Council on Science and Education.
According to Mikhail Kovalchuk, president of the Kurchatov Institute Research Center, the initiative was formed by two scientific organizations together "as a pilot project, specifically over the Kurchatov Institute, as it was in Soviet times."
| | This is a very important step in consolidating the entire scientific community to solve the key tasks facing the state, he said at a meeting of the Council on Science and Education. | |
Previously, the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" was subordinate directly to the government of the Russian Federation and was not part of the RAS and sectoral ministries.
The rector of St. Petersburg State University Nikolai Kropachev said that he considers the situation in which scientific organizations subordinate to the government are not under the methodological control of the RAS as a whole wrong.
| | And the Higher School of Economics, and St. Petersburg University, and Moscow State University, and other organizations subordinate to the government have the right not to send their plans for scientific work and their reports to the Academy of Sciences. We have been doing this for a long time, even until the relevant orders appear. I believe that this benefit should be canceled for organizations subordinate to the government, "Kropachev said.[3] | |
Mishustin subordinated 7 important research institutes to the Kurchatov Institute
In February 2023, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed an order by which he subordinated seven important research institutes to the Kurchatov Institute:
- Institute of High Molecular Weight Compounds,
- Institute of Silicate Chemistry,
- Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics,"
- Research Institute of Systems Research,
- Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics,
- V.G. Mokerov Institute of Microwave Semiconductor Electronics,
- Physical and Technological Institute named after K. A. Valiev.
Previously, these institutes were managed by the RAS, but in 2013, as part of the reform of academic science, they were transferred to the subordination of the Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, and after its abolition (2018) - under the control of the Ministry of Education and Science, reminds Kommersant. According to the newspaper in the Ministry of Education and Science, the decision to transfer these research institutes to Kurchatnik (under the jurisdiction of the Russian government) was made "in order to unite the efforts of scientific teams in creating and introducing advanced domestic technologies in the field of microelectronics and new materials." The department points to the need to "consolidate efforts to form a single scientific and technological space of the country."
| | The implementation of the topics of research work formed for 2023 and government assignments approved on their basis will be continued in full, taking into account their financial support, the Ministry of Education and Science added. | |
On February 8, 2023, it became known that the Kurchatov Institute National Research Center is planned to be transferred under the scientific and methodological leadership of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said RAS President Gennady Krasnikov. According to Mikhail Kovalchuk, president of the Kurchatov Institute Research Center, the initiative was formed by two scientific organizations together "as a pilot project, specifically over the Kurchatov Institute, as it was in Soviet times."[4]
2021
Russian scientists have proposed a new method for analyzing the mechanism of action of nanopreparations
Scientists of NUST "MISIS," Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Physics and Technology Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and RCTU named after D.I. Mendeleev proposed to use Mossbauer spectroscopy for the analysis and assessment of diffusion parameters and hydrodynamic properties of nanoparticles - a method of nuclear gamma resonance, popular in physical materials science, geology and chemistry. This was announced on August 24, 2021 by NUST MISIS. Read more here.
The government allocated 6.5 billion rubles to create innovative centers for nuclear medicine
On July 23, 2021, it became known that the Government of the Russian Federation allocates 6.5 billion rubles for the creation of innovative centers for nuclear medicine. By 2025, these funds will be used to build a typical clinical center for ion therapy at the Institute of High Energy Physics in the city of Protvino in the Moscow Region, as well as a proton beam therapy complex based on the Kurchatov Institute.
According to the order, which was signed by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin, almost 4.7 billion rubles will be allocated for the creation of a center for nuclear medicine at the Institute of High Energy Physics (part of the Kurchatov Institute Research Center). In particular, 3.5 billion rubles will be allocated for equipment, another 143 million rubles - for design work. The center will house a specialized carbon synchrotron for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. The plant will test new methods of radiation therapy, which will continue to be used throughout the country.
As part of another decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, approved by Mishustin, 1.83 billion rubles are allocated for the construction of a proton beam therapy complex in Moscow on the basis of the Kurchatov Institute. This technology is also used in the treatment of complex tumors.
The decisions made will allow more active use of advanced domestic technologies in the fight against complex diseases, increase the availability of high-tech treatment methods for citizens, the press service of the Cabinet of Ministers reports.
The Kurchatov Institute is one of the performers of the roadmap for nuclear medicine. Earlier, the Government of the Russian Federation included in the development program of the Kurchatov Institute Research Center for 2018-2022 the creation of a center for nuclear medicine, including the study of proton therapy technologies and the creation of new FPMs with funding of 4.3 billion rubles from the federal budget.[5]
2017: Supercomputer supply scandal
In 2017, the FAS opened a cartel conspiracy case in connection with the supply of a supercomputer to the Kurchatov Institute. Read more here.
2016: Kurchatov Institute will become the largest scientific technopark in Moscow
Kurchatov Institute will receive the status of the largest scientific technopark of the capital. According to M24, this was announced by Sergei Sobyanin in August 2016 during an inspection of the research center. According to the mayor, the Kurchatov Institute has been a full-fledged technopark for many years, in which both the main scientific team and numerous innovative companies work. Granting the institute the status of a technopark will allow it to take advantage of a package of tax benefits that reduces the tax burden on regional taxes by 25%.
Notes
- ↑ Kurchatov Institute created material that stimulates bone repair
- ↑ New class of nanomaterials integrated into semiconductor electronics created
- ↑ Kurchatov Institute transferred to the scientific leadership of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- ↑ Kurchatov Institute increased science The government transferred seven important research institutes to its subordination
- ↑ The government will allocate more than 6.5 billion rubles to create innovative centers for nuclear medicine
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