Content |
Owners
· Office of Roskomnadzor in the Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin Region and the Jewish Autonomous Region
· Hypark ITMO (53%)
· Special equipment and communication of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia NPO (STiS NPO PKU)
· Management on transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation across the SFD
· GIAC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (GIAC) - Main Information and Analytical Center
· Kaliningrad Commercial Sea Port (98,25%)
· Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) (44,8%)
· National Industrial Leasing (20%)
· MIAC of the Orenburg region (Medical Information and Analytical Center of the Orenburg Region GBUZ)
· GBUZ RB Clinic No. 1 (100%)
· All-Russian center of medicine of accidents Protection of the Russian Ministry of Health (VTsMK) (100%)
· FSBI NCESMP of the Ministry of Health of Russia Scientific Center for Expertise of Medical Products
· MPEI National Research University (100%)
· Rostelecom (3,4%)
· Bercut (NPF Berkut) (100%)
· Svyazyintek (19%)
· Svyazyintek (11%)
· RTCOM
· Svyazyintek (11%)
· Vestelcom (100%)
· Svetets (99%)
· Novion
· Svetets Integro (100%)
· SafeData - Data Storage Center (0,0008%)
· National Technologies (49%)
· RusGIS (51%)
· Fuzzy Logic Labs (Fuzzy Lodge Labs) (99,99%)
· Atlas (50%)
· EsAi Maikro (51%)
· Infra Telecom (I-T) (49,5%)
· SafeData - Data Storage Center (55,23%)
· National Technologies (49%)
· Sibiteks
· Netris
· Forkam (51%)
· Inform (formerly Lukoil-Inform) (100%)
· Internet Initiatives Development Fund (IIDF) (18,36%)
· A-clover
· Runet (Runet Media) (60%)
· Promobot (Promobot) (15,5%)
· Smetus (7,1%%)
· Qapsula (25%)
· LoReTT (5%)
· Texel (Texel) (3,3%)
· Working hands (Workhands) (14,8%)
· TalkBank
· IIDF Invest (68,97%)
· Infobis (20%)
· Keep to the point (24%)
· Malivar (Malivar) (1,35%)
· Daedu (11,9%)
· Financier (12,75%)
· Foody
· Soundeon
· Geecko
· Vectorly
· Flomly
· Proaction (4,31%)
· Stylebox (Style Boxing) (7%)
· SalesAI (7%)
· We can (7%)
· Jaky (7%)
· Art Gluck Education (7%)
· Finaks (7%)
· Style Box (21,02%)
· Severen-Telecom (100%)
· Sinterra Media (100%)
· Mosteleset (26%)
· Macomnet (51%)
· Maxima (Maxima Telecom) (100%)
· GMCS (60%)
· IPavlov (Aipavlov) (49%)
· Mostelecom (100%)
· Sibnet
· Svyazyintek (13%)
· Rostelecom North-West (100%)
· RT-mobile (26%)
· Supercode (26%)
· RT Labs
· RTK-Innomed (51%)
· It1-Rtk (26%)
· RTK Radiology (51%)
· Datamart (60%)
· RTK-Element (51%)
· Solar (formerly Rostelecom-Solar) (100%)
· Elvis-Plus (49%)
· Secure-T (Security-T) (28,57%%)
· Luntry (CloudRan) (10%)
· Sputnik Search portal (100%)
· Witology - Vitologiya (8,94%)
· CommIT capital (100%)
· Big Data Platform (Platforma) (50%)
· MediaSniper (50%)
· RDP Innovation (15%)
· Open Mobile Platform (OMP) (100%)
· Restream
· RTK-Network technologies (100%)
· Miranda media (20%)
· Lugansk Telephone Company (LTK) (51%)
· Votron (99,9%)
· RTK-Dnevnik (50%)
· Corteos (60%)
· Big Three (50%)
· Megalump
· VoisLink (VoiceLink) (51%)
· Fastek (51%)
· JV Cloud Platform (Basis) (50,303%)
· Basis (formerly Thionyx) (100%)
· Digital Energy (Digital Energy) (100%)
· Rustek (Ru-Stack) (100%)
· Rock Software (100%)
· Planet (Internet service provider) (100%)
· Megacampus (35%)
· Digital operator Sirius (50%)
· GNC-Alfa
· Media1
· Muz TV
· DIVICO
· Media Service, Belgorod (51%)
· GuideGo (Hyde SEI) (28%)
· Rusnano
· Rusnano Inform (100%)
· Plastic Logic (Plastic Lodge) (43,84%)
· Virial
· Liotech
· IPOBoard
· T-nano Nanotechnology center (49,6%)
· RUTI Inventas (50%)
· NTFarma (49%)
· Profotec
· Metakley
· Optical fiber systems (48%)
· Nanolek
· Aquantia
· ENANO
· Eterno
· Apis Cor
· GeoSplit
· OCSiAl (17,5%)
· Liteco (99%)
· Rusalox
· Publishing house Enlightenment (25%)
· Moscow Exchange (Moscow Exchange) (9,4%)
· NT Progress (44%)
· ALS Consortium (60%)
· Visitech
· Profotec
· Zyfra (15,13%)
· VIST Group (100%)
· Zyfra (10,23%)
· VIST Group (100%)
· Doctor nearby (44,23%)
· Profilum
· National Industrial Leasing (20%)
· EKSAR
· SME Bank
· SME Leasing (100%)
· ALS Consortium (60%)
· NM-Tech
· Army Central Sports Club (CSKA) (100%)
· Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots named after Hero of the Soviet Union A.K. Serov
· Investment fund of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on the basis of technopolis ERA
· Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Natural Resources)
· Aeroflot
· Victory Airline (100%)
· Russia Airlines (75%)
· Rostelecom (38,2%)
· Bercut (NPF Berkut) (100%)
· Svyazyintek (19%)
· Svyazyintek (11%)
· RTCOM
· Svyazyintek (11%)
· Vestelcom (100%)
· Svetets (99%)
· Novion
· Svetets Integro (100%)
· SafeData - Data Storage Center (0,0008%)
· National Technologies (49%)
· RusGIS (51%)
· Fuzzy Logic Labs (Fuzzy Lodge Labs) (99,99%)
· Atlas (50%)
· EsAi Maikro (51%)
· Infra Telecom (I-T) (49,5%)
· SafeData - Data Storage Center (55,23%)
· National Technologies (49%)
· Sibiteks
· Netris
· Forkam (51%)
· Inform (formerly Lukoil-Inform) (100%)
· Internet Initiatives Development Fund (IIDF) (18,36%)
· A-clover
· Promobot (Promobot) (15,5%)
· Smetus (7,1%%)
· Qapsula (25%)
· LoReTT (5%)
· Texel (Texel) (3,3%)
· Working hands (Workhands) (14,8%)
· TalkBank
· IIDF Invest (68,97%)
· Malivar (Malivar) (1,35%)
· Daedu (11,9%)
· Financier (12,75%)
· Foody
· Soundeon
· Geecko
· Vectorly
· Flomly
· Proaction (4,31%)
· Stylebox (Style Boxing) (7%)
· SalesAI (7%)
· We can (7%)
· Jaky (7%)
· Art Gluck Education (7%)
· Finaks (7%)
· Style Box (21,02%)
· Severen-Telecom (100%)
· Sinterra Media (100%)
· Mosteleset (26%)
· Macomnet (51%)
· Maxima (Maxima Telecom) (100%)
· Mostelecom (100%)
· Sibnet
· Svyazyintek (13%)
· Rostelecom North-West (100%)
· RT-mobile (26%)
· Supercode (26%)
· RT Labs
· RTK-Innomed (51%)
· It1-Rtk (26%)
· RTK Radiology (51%)
· Datamart (60%)
· RTK-Element (51%)
· Solar (formerly Rostelecom-Solar) (100%)
· Elvis-Plus (49%)
· Secure-T (Security-T) (28,57%%)
· Luntry (CloudRan) (10%)
· Sputnik Search portal (100%)
· Witology - Vitologiya (8,94%)
· CommIT capital (100%)
· Big Data Platform (Platforma) (50%)
· MediaSniper (50%)
· RDP Innovation (15%)
· Open Mobile Platform (OMP) (100%)
· Restream
· RTK-Network technologies (100%)
· Miranda media (20%)
· Lugansk Telephone Company (LTK) (51%)
· Votron (99,9%)
· RTK-Dnevnik (50%)
· Corteos (60%)
· Big Three (50%)
· Megalump
· VoisLink (VoiceLink) (51%)
· Fastek (51%)
· JV Cloud Platform (Basis) (50,303%)
· Basis (formerly Thionyx) (100%)
· Digital Energy (Digital Energy) (100%)
· Rustek (Ru-Stack) (100%)
· Rock Software (100%)
· Planet (Internet service provider) (100%)
· Megacampus (35%)
· Digital operator Sirius (50%)
· GNC-Alfa
· Media1
· Muz TV
· DIVICO
· Media Service, Belgorod (51%)
· GuideGo (Hyde SEI) (28%)
· Motility (100%)
· Aeroexpress train (50%)
· ELTEZA
· GEFCO (Zhefko) (75%)
· Digital logistics (51%)
· 1520 Signal (36%)
· Aeroflot
· Victory Airline (100%)
· Russia Airlines (75%)
· Gazprom (38,37%)
· Informgazinvest (100%)
· Gazprombank (GPB) (35,5%)
· Gazprom Space Systems (GSS) (4,04%)
· Atomstroyexport (10,70%)
· Optima (Optima Group) (35%)
· Optima consulting (100%)
· Stroygazconsulting (SGK) (37%)
· Belgazprombank (49,8%)
· Novfintekh (99,99%)
· Gazprombank (Switzerland) (100%)
· Areksimbank (100%)
· Avtodor-Leasing (51%)
· GPM Date (100%)
· Insight people (51%)
· D. lab
· Polyplastic NPP (25%)
· QMonitoring (25%)
· Optical fiber systems (48%)
· Welfare of NPF (50%)
· VESNA
· Ingenics Group (100%)
· Wind Energy Development Fund (50%)
· Gas Fund Pension Savings (10%)
· JV Cloud Platform (Basis) (20%)
· LTD Flowerneft-Bituminous Materials (0,01%)
· JSC Volgogradneftemash (51,5%)
· GPM Date (100%)
· Insight people (51%)
· D. lab
· Novatek (10%)
· NOVATEK - Ust-Luga (100%)
· Novatek-Transervice (100%)
· Arctic Transshipment (90%)
· Arctic LNG 2 (60%)
· Gazprom Space Systems (GSS) (79,79%)
· Gazprom neft (95,68%)
· TomskNeft OWC, OAO (50%)
· LTD Flowerneft-Bituminous Materials (97,532%)
· Meretoyakhaneftegaz (50%)
· Gydan Energy (100%)
· Gazprom neft shelf (100%)
· Arctic Media (99,98%)
· Southern Sakhalin CHPP-1 (100%)
· Gaz-Oil
· Belgazprombank (49,8%)
· Gazfond
· Gazprombank (GPB) (47,4%)
· Gazprom Space Systems (GSS) (4,04%)
· Atomstroyexport (10,70%)
· Optima (Optima Group) (35%)
· Stroygazconsulting (SGK) (37%)
· Belgazprombank (49,8%)
· Novfintekh (99,99%)
· Gazprombank (Switzerland) (100%)
· Areksimbank (100%)
· Polyplastic NPP (25%)
· Optical fiber systems (48%)
· Welfare of NPF (50%)
· Ingenics Group (100%)
· Wind Energy Development Fund (50%)
· Gas Fund Pension Savings (10%)
· Gas Fund Pension Savings (35%)
· Gasum (25%)
· Gazprom Mezhregiongaz (100%)
· Gazprom Gasification (99%)
· Centrgazpromstroy (99,9%)
· Gazprom Energoholding (GEH) (75%)
· OGK-2
· Gazprom transgaz Volgograd (100%)
· Gazprom neftekhim Salavat (87,510514%)
· Gazprom Georesource (100%)
· Gazprom gaznadzor (100%)
· Gazprom gas distribution Nizhny Novgorod (25,5%)
· Gazprom Neft New Port (10%)
· Gazprom export (100%)
· Gazprom Kyrgyzstan (100%)
· Oil and gas company Central (25%)
· Gazprom gas distribution Kursk (100%)
· Nord Stream AG (Nord Stream) (51%)
· Gazprom capital (100%)
· Gazprom international projects (100%)
· Gazprom Shelf Project (50%)
· Micran NPF (90%)
· Sakhalin Energy (27,5%)
· Southern Sakhalin CHPP-1 (100%)
· Alrosa AK (33%)
· Inter RAO (8,57%)
· Elsib NGO (98,4%)
· Tomskrts
· Russian Post (100%)
· Post Bank (formerly Leto Bank) (49,9%)
· Smart ticket (100%)
· Brand (100%)
· ALS Consortium (40%)
· Makfa
· Kassa 24 (51%)
· Moscow Industrial Bank (MINnBank) (100%)
· Hypro oxygen (25%)
· Promsvyaz of UK (100%)
· RusHydro (66,837%)
· Southern Yakut electric networks (100%)
· Lengidroproyekt (100%)
· Yakut GRES-2 (100%)
· Geoterm
· Green Crab (car sharing) (100%)
· VTB Bank
· Rostelecom (8,44%)
· Bercut (NPF Berkut) (100%)
· Svyazyintek (19%)
· Svyazyintek (11%)
· RTCOM
· Svyazyintek (11%)
· Vestelcom (100%)
· Svetets (99%)
· SafeData - Data Storage Center (0,0008%)
· RusGIS (51%)
· Fuzzy Logic Labs (Fuzzy Lodge Labs) (99,99%)
· Atlas (50%)
· EsAi Maikro (51%)
· Infra Telecom (I-T) (49,5%)
· SafeData - Data Storage Center (55,23%)
· National Technologies (49%)
· Sibiteks
· Netris
· Inform (formerly Lukoil-Inform) (100%)
· Internet Initiatives Development Fund (IIDF) (18,36%)
· Severen-Telecom (100%)
· Sinterra Media (100%)
· Mosteleset (26%)
· Macomnet (51%)
· Mostelecom (100%)
· Sibnet
· Rostelecom North-West (100%)
· RT-mobile (26%)
· Supercode (26%)
· RT Labs
· It1-Rtk (26%)
· RTK Radiology (51%)
· Datamart (60%)
· RTK-Element (51%)
· Solar (formerly Rostelecom-Solar) (100%)
· Secure-T (Security-T) (28,57%%)
· Sputnik Search portal (100%)
· Witology - Vitologiya (8,94%)
· CommIT capital (100%)
· Big Data Platform (Platforma) (50%)
· RDP Innovation (15%)
· Open Mobile Platform (OMP) (100%)
· Restream
· RTK-Network technologies (100%)
· Miranda media (20%)
· Lugansk Telephone Company (LTK) (51%)
· Votron (99,9%)
· RTK-Dnevnik (50%)
· Corteos (60%)
· Big Three (50%)
· Megalump
· VoisLink (VoiceLink) (51%)
· Fastek (51%)
· JV Cloud Platform (Basis) (50,303%)
· Basis (formerly Thionyx) (100%)
· Digital Energy (Digital Energy) (100%)
· Rustek (Ru-Stack) (100%)
· Rock Software (100%)
· Planet (Internet service provider) (100%)
· Megacampus (35%)
· Digital operator Sirius (50%)
· GNC-Alfa
· Media1
· Media Service, Belgorod (51%)
· GuideGo (Hyde SEI) (28%)
· Medialogy (63%)
· VTB 24
· Mosmetrostroy, OJSC (49%)
· National Industrial Leasing (24,9%)
· Gals-Development (51,24%)
· Dynamo, UK (75%)
· Post Bank (formerly Leto Bank) (49,9%)
· Smart ticket (100%)
· Big Data Platform (Platforma) (50%)
· MediaSniper (50%)
· FAB Dawn
· Aerospace instruments (100%)
· Infra Telecom (I-T) (49,5%)
· Two Capitals Main Line (20%)
· Expressway operator (100%)
· Modern payment solutions (49%)
· Rosselkhozbank (RSHB) (100%)
· Welfare of NPF (25%)
· GNIVC
· Vega Radio Engineering Concern (100%)
· Vietsovpetro (50%)
· Federal Grid Company - Rosseti (75%)
· Regional Electric Networks (RES) (95,58%)
· Sevmash
· Asterisk, (center of ship repair) (6,874%)
· NO. 35 SRZ (100%)
· Sea (shipyard) (100%)
· Rosoboronexport (100%)
· Ukrainian leasing fund (100%)
· Prominvest (75%)
· VSMPO-AVISMA (66%)
· Control Systems (Rostec) (12,93%)
· Rosgeo
· GLONASS JSC (100%)
· Roskartografiya (100%)
· Unified Medical Center (EMC) (100%)
· Pravdinsky Radio Plant NPO (3,45%)
· Sberbank (50%)
· Publishing house Enlightenment (25%)
· SberCIB (100%)
· SberSolutions (formerly - Intercomp) (100%)
· NT Progress (44%)
· Sberavtopark (49%)
· УЭК, НКО (100%)
· 2GIS - 2GIS (DoubleGIS) (72%)
· Sberbank-Technologies (Sber Tech) (100%)
· Pan Club
· Sberbank capital (100%)
· Sberbank Bank (formerly BPS-Sberbank) (93,27%)
· Joint Credit Bureau (JCB) (50%)
· Netology
· EdMarket
· Teplant
· Plazius
· Gorno-Altaysk Airport (100%)
· SberHealth (formerly DocDoc, DocDoc) (79,6%)
· Dialog (90%)
· Cognitive Pilot (30%)
· Jivo, Live Site (formerly JivoSite) (100%)
· Работа.ру (Rabota.ru) (100%)
· Hurma (Persimmon) (10%)
· Legium (Legium) (8,06%)
· TsPR Digital platform solutions (50,1%)
· SberAvto
· O2O Holding (45,01%)
· 2GIS - 2GIS (DoubleGIS) (3%)
· Kitchen in the area (Lokalkitchen) (84,7%)
· Proil (100%)
· Malivar (Malivar) (8,06%)
· Sber Eapteka (45%)
· SberSound Business (formerly Muzlab) (100%)
· WatchoutAI (8%)
· SberMedAI (100%)
· Doma.ai (78,04%)
· Yo-engineering (100%)
· New Investment Holding (50%)
· Soyuzmultfilm LLC (80%)
· FuelUp (Fuel Up) (100%)
· Ubirator
· Insurion (5%)
· Medskan lab (39%)
· Redecoro
· Domklik
· Pulse
· Sibmost
· PayZakat (25%)
· Quick dining room (10%)
· Sberzaryad (10%)
· VanLav (10%)
· Management company of Sberbank (100%)
· Tatarstan bank (100%)
· Volgograd RSD No. 8621 (100%)
· Goznak
· Banking innovation systems (99,5%)
· Museum of Money History (100%)
· Southern Yakut electric networks (100%)
· State concert (100%)
· Muz.ru
· Rosatom
· Centrat
· AKME-engineering (50%)
· NIIPKI (SPBAEP) (100%)
· Technopark Technology (100%)
· Electrochemical device (100%)
· Atomstroyexport (78,54%)
· Prime Group (49%)
· Kola NPP
· Atomdata (50%)
· Atomdata-Integration (51%)
· Quadra - Generating Company (formerly TGK-4) (82,47%)
· Atomenergomash (100%)
· Akkuyu Nukleer Anonim Sirketi (99,2%)
· Giredmet (100%)
· Alyanstransat (100%)
· Rosatom Service (100%)
· Technored (Technored, Technored) (34%)
· AtomIntelMash (100%)
· Urban technology (0,1%)
· Sterion
· MCST
· Umatex
· Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ALS) (50%)
· Aero link (42,5%%)
· Rostransmodernization (100%)
· A-clover
· Runet (Runet Media) (60%)
· Promobot (Promobot) (15,5%)
· Smetus (7,1%%)
· Qapsula (25%)
· LoReTT (5%)
· Texel (Texel) (3,3%)
· Working hands (Workhands) (14,8%)
· TalkBank
· IIDF Invest (68,97%)
· Infobis (20%)
· Keep to the point (24%)
· Malivar (Malivar) (1,35%)
· Daedu (11,9%)
· Financier (12,75%)
· Foody
· Soundeon
· Geecko
· Vectorly
· Flomly
· Proaction (4,31%)
· Stylebox (Style Boxing) (7%)
· SalesAI (7%)
· We can (7%)
· Jaky (7%)
· Art Gluck Education (7%)
· Finaks (7%)
· Style Box (21,02%)
· Rostov CSM (State Regional Center for Standardization, Metrology and Testing in the Rostov Region)
· All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information - World Data Center GU VNIIGMI-MCD
· GVC Roshydromet (100%)
· Ministry of North Caucasus Affairs (100%)
· Paleontologic institute of RAS (100%)
· FIC PCF and MX RAS - Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry
· FIC IVT - Federal Research Center for Information and Computing Technologies (formerly IVT SB RAS)
· Mars-500
Список подготовлен на основе информации из открытых источниковThe A.F. Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology is one of the leading physical and technological centers in the world and is included in the list of the largest scientific organizations in Russia. At the Institute, both fundamental and applied research in the most important fields of modern physics and technology is being conducted on a wide front.
The main scientific activities of the Institute are: plasma physics; atomic physics; astrophysics; physical electronics; solid state physics; physics and technology of semiconductor heterostructures; new materials.
The Institute's research is aimed at implementing the Priority Areas of the "Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation":
- development of new materials for the component base of nanoelectronics, photonics and spintronics, new structural and functional materials, methods of their design and intelligent technologies for their formation, creation of systems for processing large amounts of data,
- development of environmentally friendly and resource-saving technologies, including renewable, energy production, conversion and storage,
- the transition to personalized medicine, high-tech healthcare and health-saving technologies by leveraging the advances of physics in the life sciences, and
- development of methods for countering technogenic and other threats to society and the state.
History
2023: Creating a photon source for quantum computers
Scientists from the A.F. Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology (FTI) RAS have developed a semiconductor device for the controlled emission of single photons. Similar devices can be made in just a few laboratories in the world. Such photons can act as units of information - qubits. This was Ministry of Education and Science reported on July 5, 2023.
 | We have developed the first source of single photons in Russia. This device is a structure whose center is a quantum dot - an artificial semiconductor object with extremely small dimensions, which has many properties of a single atom, "says Alexey Toropov, Head of the Quantum Photonics Laboratory of the FTI named after A.F. Ioffe. - Due to their unique characteristics, quantum dots are quantum objects that emit absolutely identical (indistinguishable) single photons that can be used as qubits in quantum computing devices. |  |
Scientists have developed a semiconductor device for the controlled emission of single photons
The source of single photons is based on a nanoscale heterostructure: a multilayer semiconductor material. On the surface of the substrate by scientists of the FTI named after A.F. Ioffe, quantum dots are grown - miniature "islets" of indium arsenide surrounded by gallium arsenide.
Research has been conducted since 2020 within the framework of the "Quantum Computing" roadmap developed by Rosatom. The main interested party is Russian Railways. And now that the basic version of the device is ready, it is possible to work on improving the characteristics of heterostructures with quantum dots.
Quantum computers are much more powerful than traditional computers. However, their mass production requires a relatively inexpensive and efficient component base. The creation of a photon source is one of the steps towards solving this problem, the Ministry of Education and Science notes.[1]
2022: Participation in the development of optical transceivers using a photon-integrated circuit
Future Technologies announced on December 29, 2022 that it is starting the development and production of optical transceivers using a photon-integrated circuit (FIS).
A four-party agreement was signed between Future Technologies (FayberTrade LLC), FSBUN A.F. Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology (A.F. Ioffe FTI), FIS Zelenograd Nanotechnology Center (ZNTC JSC) and FSAOU HE "National Research University" Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology "(NIU MIET). Read more here.
2018
June 27, 2018 by order of the Government of the Russian Federation FTI named after A.F. Ioffe was transferred to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.
2013
Until the end of December 2013, the institute was an institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences and was part of the Department of Physical Sciences.
1918: Foundation of the Institute
The institute was founded in 1918 by Abram Fedorovich Ioffe, who then headed it for several decades. Since 1960, the institute has been named after this outstanding scientist and organizer of science.
Notes
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